SAP HR ABAP Interview Faqs

1) What is the difference between ABAP and HR ABAP 2) What is logical data base 3) What are logical data bases used in hr module 4) What is the difference between PNP and PNPCE 5) Explain GET PERNR concept when we use logical data base 6) Explain the program flow when we use logical database PNP or PNPCE 7) What are the program names for logical database PNP and PNPCE 8 ) What is report category and for what purpose do we use report category 9) What is Infotype and how it is different from tables 10) Why do we require Infotypes for HR module 11) What are the transaction codes to create the Infotypes 12) What is the process to enhance the Infotype 13) Importance of PA20, PA30 and PA40 14) How can we decide weather we can enhance the standard Infotype or not 15) What is PAKEY structure, PSHD1 structure and what type of fields it contains 16) What is PS structure 17) What are the payroll related Infotypes 18) What are the time related Infotypes 19) What are the personnel administration related Infotypes 20) What are the organizational related Infotypes 21) What is Macro 22) What are the standard macros do we use in HR ABAP 23) What is PNP-SW-FOUND 24) What is the difference between select statement and provide statement 25) Which function module reads the data for particular Infotype 26) What is repetitive structure and for which Infotype do we have 27) How do you retrieve the data for repetitive structures 28) Can we develop program without logical database for hr module data retrieval 29) By using which FM we can upload data into Infotype 30) If yes then why do we require logical database 31) What are advantages and disadvantages of logical data base 32) What is the transaction code to display the payroll results 33) What is payroll driver 34) Where the payroll results are stored 35) Explain the concept of clusters in payroll 36) How do you read the data from clusters 37) What is retro active accounting 38) In which cluster time results are stored 39) What is wage type 40) What is personnel area 41) What is personnel sub are 42) What is payroll area 43) What is the difference between semi-monthly and Bi-weekly payroll area 44) What is sequence number 45) What is For-period and In-period 46) What is off cycle payroll run 47) How do you execute the payroll 48) What is schema and transaction code 49) What is functions and transaction code 50) What is features and transaction code 51) What is the transaction code to modify the hr form 52) What are the FM do we use in OM 53) What is object in OM

54) Which FM do you use to find out who is reporting to whom 55) What all are the differences did you find in hr module between 4.7 and ECC6 versions

Difference Between Abap and HR-Abap is: In HR-ABAP: Use of Infotypes The use of Logical Database Use of Macros and Provide statement Storage and Access of data Authorization checks In general ABAP data is stored in Tables, but coming to HR ABAP employee data is sorted through Infotypes. The way we retrieve the data from infotypes is deferent in hr abap. In general ABAP we use Logical data base very rare, as in HR ABAP most of the programs use Logical data base to select data from Infotypes by using Get event. In ABAP we use read statement to read particular record, still in HR ABAP we do use read statement apart from that we have Macros and provide statement. Macro is pre defined code (like function module) which reads data from internal table (internal infotype) based on dates. Provide statement is like Select statement but selects data from internal table Storage and access of data in hr abap is completely deferent in hr abap comparing with ABAP. We use transaction code PA20 and PA30 to maintain data in infotypes. PA20 is display mode and PA30 is change mode. We can create, change, display, copy, and delete in infotypes with PA30 transaction. For Infotypes authorizations can be maintained infotype and subtype (field) level as HR data is more sensitive and secrete. 1.

What is PAKEY structure, PSHD1 structure and what type of fields it contains ?
The PAKEY structure contains an infotypes primary key. It is the same for all PA infotypes and is made up of the following key fields: PERNR: In a client, the personnel number is the only unique key that identifies an employee. SUBTY: Subtypes are subdivisions of infotypes. OBJPS: The object identification indicator is used to differentiate records with the same infotype, subtype, lock indicator, valid from date, and valid to date. For example: Child number in infotype 0021 Family Member/Dependents. SPRPS: The lock indicator for HR master data can be used to lock and unlock data records. It can be used to guarantee double control, that is, at least two users are involved in writing an active data record to the database. One of the users creates a locked infotype record. Another user unlocks this record by activating it. ENDDA: Valid to date BEGDA: Valid from date SEQNR: The sequential number differentiates infotype records with the same key and the time constraint 3 . Unlike the personnel object identification, it is automatically assigned by the system. PSHD1 is another basic structure that is the same for all Personnel Administration infotypes. It includes the date the record was changed (AEDTM), the name of the person making the change (UNAME), and information on whether the administrator created plain text for this infotype (ITXEX).

What is PS structure ?
PSnnnn contains the infotype-specific data fields, that is, the data fields that contain the actual infotype-specific characteristics.

What is the transaction code to display the payroll results ?

PAYPC_RESULT Where the payroll results are stored? pcl2 xy I will explain what this means Payroll Results generated by Payroll Driver is stored in cluster xy of database table PCL2 .

How do you read the data from clusters?

ABAP commands IMPORT and EXPORT.

What is retro active accounting?

If any HR master data is changed in a period for which the payroll has already been run, the payroll must be run once again for this period using the current values, so the results will be updated based on new source data. This action is known as retroactive accounting.

In which cluster time results are stored?

PCL2-B2 (Time Accounting Results)

What is wage type ?

Wage Types allow for the assignment of payments and deductions and the control of payroll programs. Basic Pay IT 0008 . This defines the Wage Types that the employee is eligible for and and the quantum associated with each. This infotype is not only for Basic pay Wage Type but Captures all the monthly earnings of the employee The following pay parameters which are critical to determining the Pay Scale grouping for allowances of the employee are captured here. Pay scale Type Pay scale Area Pay scale Group Pay scale Level There are two categories of wage types: Primary Wage Types Primary wage types include: Dialog wage types maintaining master data in the infotypes. Time wage type that the system forms using time information or that you enter online. Secondary Wage Types Secondary wage types are technical wage types generated by the system in Payroll during the payroll run. What is personnel area ? A personnel area is a unit that is only used in Personnel Administration. It is the subunit of the company code. The personnel area has the following functions: It allows you to generate default values for data entry, for example, for the payroll area. It is a selection criterion for reporting. It constitutes a unit in authorization checks. The individual personnel areas in a company code have four-digit alphanumeric identifiers. What is personnel sub area? Personnel subareas are subdivisions of personnel areas. This level is used for the organizational control of the basic subareas used in HR, e.g. the pay scale and wage type structure and the work schedule.

The personnel subarea is identified by a four-character alphanumeric identifier. The control features are stored according to the country. The main organizational functions of the personnel subarea are as follows: Specification of country grouping. Master data entry and the setting up and processing of wage types and pay scale groups in payroll depend on the country grouping. The grouping must be unique within a company code. Assignment of legal person to differentiate between companies in legal terms. Definition of groupings for Time Management so that work schedules and substitution, absence and leave types can be set up for individual personnel subareas. Generation of a default pay scale type and area for an employees basic pay. Definition of a public holiday calendar Definition of subarea-specific wage types for each personnel area.

What is payroll area ?

Payroll areas are used in SAP HR to group together employees for whom payroll is run at the same time, and also to set the dates for the payroll period. Employees from different employee subgroups (for example, salaried employee or hourly-paid employee) can belong to the same payroll area.

What is the difference between ABAP and HR ABAP ?

Basic Difference that feel in N ormail ABAP and HR ABAP is that here every record in with time stamp that is from date and endate. for eg: in Company Your Salary was 01012009 to 31122009 = 50000 01012010 to 31122010 = 60000 which is infotyp based.

What is object in OM?????

In OM Standard object is SPOCK S Position P- Person O org unit C JOB K Cost centre

What are the payroll related Infotypes??

payroll related main important infotype is infotype008 ; and infotypeno. infotype0580 TO infotype0591.and others are infotype0045; infotype0041;infotype0057;infotype0267.

How do you execute the payroll?

in payroll execution following steps simultaneously. 1) Release payroll using t-code (its country specipic t-code) 2)start payroll 3) Check result 4)Corrections 5)Exit payroll 6)Simulation . for India payroll use t-code for 1)PC00_M99_PA03_RELEA Release payroll 2)PC00_M40_CALC Start payroll 3)PC00_M99_PA03_CHECK Check result 4)PC00_M99_PA03_CORR Corrections 5)PC00_M99_PA03_END Exit payroll 6)PC00_M40_CALC_SIMU Simulation

What is Macro?
macro used in ABAP-HR CODE ITS just like as a functinal module.genrally mostlly used following two macros.i.e.RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST Example: RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST P0000 SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA. IF PN-SW-FOUND = 1. WRITE YOUR CONDITION. ENDIF. The macro RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST retrieves the last(latest) data record which is valid in the data selection period. The macro RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST retrieves the first(start)data record which is valid in the data selection period. For every macro, whether the operation was successful or not will be checked with PNP-SW-FOUND. If PNP-SW-FOUND = 1 , then the operation is successful. ( same as sy-subrc but the value is in reverse case) The macro RP-READ-INFOTYPE retrieves all the data record(s) which is valid in the data selection period. If SY-SUBRC = 0 , then the process is successful. All the Macros are stored in table TRMAC.

Explain the program flow when we use logical database PNP or PNPCE??
The Logical Database is special type of ABAP program that combines the contents of certain related database tables and retrieve some related data and make it available to application programs. The LDB usually consists of the following component1 Structure 2 Selections 3 Database programs. Logical databases have a tree structure.A logical database can contain a maximum of 300 tables. example:-SAPDBPNP is the name of the database program for the logical database PNP. 1.Logical databases when generating an ABAP program The selection screen generated contains the selections (SELECT-OPTIONS AND PARAMETERS) of both the logical database and the program. The only database-specific selections displayed on the selection screen are those needed by the program for data retrieval purposes. 2. Logical databases at run-time of an ABAP program At run-time, the system processes the events in the program and in the logical database in the following order: Before displaying the selection screen, certain initializations (e.g. calculating default values such as key date, etc) are performed for the selection screen by the logical database and the program. The selection screen is displayed and the user enters data in the input fields. The logical database and the program check that the input is correct and complete, but also that the user has the appropriate authorizations. If an error occurs, some fields are made ready for input again, so that the user can make the necessary correction(s). In the event START-OF-SELECTION, the ABAP program performs any preliminary work (for example, importing files). The logical database reads the selected data and the program processes it within the GET events according to the sequence specified by the structure. In the event END-OF-SELECTION, the ABAP program performs any concluding operations (for example, calculating totals, exporting files). 3 . Designing the selection screens The standard selection screen of a logical database has a standard layout where SELECT-OPTIONS and PARAMETERS appear in the sequence they are declared, each on a new line. The system

automatically generates such a screen for each program that does not have its own selection screen entered in the attributes. You can define your own selection screens for any logical database . If the attributes of a program include the number of its own selection screen, the system uses this screen as a model when generating. Any program-specific selections appear after the database selections. The flow logic for such screens is also generated automatically and therefore cannot be modified. You cannot delete database selections. Functions of LDB: Data retrieval :The personnel data of each employee is loaded into the main memory where it can be accessed for processing. Screening :Employees can be selected according to the organizational criteria entered on the selection screen.E.gHourly wage earners in a particular personnel sub area. There are two types of screening..Person selection and data selection period. Person selection defines those employees for whom a report is to be run.E.g..Monthly wage earners in a specificpersonnel sub-area.E.g..Personnel number rangeE.g..Features of org.AssignmentEmployees who assigned to certain cost center. E.g..Employee status..Active or inactive.The data selection period delimits the time period for which data is evaluated. When you enter the data selection period,the provide loop retrieves the infotype records whose validity period overlaps with at least one day of this period. Authorization check:This ensures that the person starting the evaluation Is authorized to access the report data.Some Logical Databases in ABAP HR: PNP, PNPCE, PAP, PCH. 19

Sample Requirement on HR ABAP.

This file will contain all ING deferral changes, new loan setups and loan payoffs that occurred since the last time the vendor generated this file. The file will be sent to XXXX via FTP. Add functionality to the current WF program, including: Add a new variable to the selection screen to identify ING Personnel Areas Add new field to the execution spreadsheet Add new error processing to prevent setting up invalid deferrals and loans Add new logic to determine and populate the IT0169 plans for the employee Revise logic to handle new loans (ING will dictate which wage type gets used) Change the input file name and file archiving Keep all of the current WF logic, with the following exceptions: Comment out Flat# EQ Unions variable (and associated logic) from selection screen Comment out several errors that arent applicable to ING Comment out WF logic for creating WF IT0169 records