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1. 2.

Overview of the Design Concept for Constructing Durable Bridges and Underpasses. Overview of the Design Principles adopted for the Construction of Five Interchanges in Dammam. Understanding The Impact Of Aggressive Ground Conditions on Structures Components and Maintenance Requirements. Ensuring the Integrity of Existing Close Proximity Structures Foundation During Underpass Construction Through Finite Element Modeling. Conclusions.
2

3.

4.

5.

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1.1

General Overview

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

Cooled Surfaces

High core temperature during hydration Bridges Saudi Arabia 2011

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

Figure 1.2.1: CRACK WIDTH (MOT, KSA)

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

Figure 1.2.2: CONTROLLED PERMEABILITY FORWORK (CPF).

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

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1.2

Main Factors Affecting Bridge/Underpass Durability (Contd.)

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1.3

References

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Underpass

Client:

Dammam Municipality, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, KSA

(King Fahd Road) Grade Bridge

onsultant: Saudi Consulting Services (SAUDCONSULT)

The aim of this interchange is to separate the traffic into three levels at the intersection of King Fahd and Omar Bin El - Khattab Roads (see Figure 2.1.1).
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Flyover Bridge (Omar Bin El-Khattab Road)

Figure 2.1.1: GENERAL LAYOUT PLAN

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Flyover Bridge

Omar Bin El-Khattab Road Grade Bridge

Underpass (King Fahd Road)

As shown, the King Fahd Road will pass through an underpass to allow a grade separated junction at its intersection with Omar Bin El - Khattab Road via grade bridges and roundabout. In addition Flyover Bridges will run along Omar Bin El-Khattab Road over those grade bridges/roundabout providing the third level for traffic separation at the aforementioned roads intersection.
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Client:

Dammam Municipality, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, KSA.

Flyover Bridge (King Abdulaziz Road)

nsultant: Saudi Consulting Services (SAUDCONSULT)

Underpass (King Abdullah Road)

The aim of this interchange is to separate the traffic into three levels at the intersection of King Abdullah and King Abdulaziz Roads ( see Figure 2.2.1).
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Grade Bridge

Figure 2.2.1: GENERAL LAYOUT PLAN

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Flyover Bridge (King Abdulaziz Road)

King Abdulaziz Road

King Abdullah Road

As shown, the King Abdullah Road will pass through an underpass to allow a grade separated junction at its intersection with King Abdulaziz Road via grade bridges and roundabout. In addition a Flyover Bridge will run along King Abdulaziz Road over that grade bridges/roundabout providing the third level for traffic separation at the aforementioned roads intersection. intersection
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Underpass

Client:

Dammam Municipality, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, KSA.

(Usman Bin Affan Road)

nsultant: Saudi Consulting Services (SAUDCONSULT)

The aim of this interchange is to separate the traffic into three levels at the intersection of Prince Mettab and Usman Bin Affan Roads (see Figure 2.3.1).
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Grade Bridge Flyover Bridge (Prince Mettab Road)

Figure 2.3.1: GENERAL LAYOUT PLAN

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Underpass (Usman Bin Affan Road)

Flyover Bridge (Prince Mettab Road)

Prince Mettab Road Grade Bridge Usman Bin Affan Road

As shown, the Usman Bin Affan Road will pass through an underpass to allow a grade separated junction at its intersection with Prince Mettab Road via grade bridges and roundabout. In addition a Flyover Bridge will run along Prince Mettab Road over those grade bridges/roundabout providing the third level for traffic separation at the aforementioned roads intersection.
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Makkah Road

Client:

Dammam Municipality, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, KSA.

onsultant: Saudi Consulting Services (SAUDCONSULT)

Grade Bridge

The aim of this interchange is to separate the traffic into two levels at the intersection of King Abdullah and Makkah Roads (see Figure 2.4.1).
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Underpass (King Abdullah Road)

Figure 2.4.1: GENERAL LAYOUT PLAN

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Grade Bridge Makkah Road

Underpass (King Abdullah Road)

As shown, the King Abdullah Road will pass through an underpass to allow a grade separated junction at its intersection with Makkah Road via grade bridges.
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Client:

Ministry of Transport, KSA.

Underpass (Omar Bin El-Khattab Road) Electric Tower

onsultant: Saudi Consulting Services (SAUDCONSULT)

The aim of this interchange is to separate the traffic into two levels at the intersection of Omar Bin El-Khattab Road and the Ring Road (see Figure 2.5.1).
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Ring Road

Grade Bridge

Figure 2.5.1: GENERAL LAYOUT PLAN

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Underpass (Omar Bin El-Khattab Road)

The Ring Road

Grade Bridge

The Ring Road

Grade Bridge

Undepss (Omar Bin El-Khattab Road)

As shown, the Omar Bin El-Khattab Road will pass through an underpass to allow a grade separated junction at its intersection with the Ring Road via grade bridge.
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3.1

Introduction

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3.2

Ground Conditions

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3.3

Substructure / Foundation Components and Modeling Techniques

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3.3 Substructure / Foundation Components and Modeling Techniques (Contd.)

b. c. Because of the very shallow ground water table, retaining walls (at both underpass sides) are connected by mat foundation (U-frames) throughout the underpass structure. structure Tension piles have been utilized (where needed) for anchoring the underpass mat foundation to counteract the uplift hydrostatic pressure resulting from the existing very shallow ground water table (see Figure 3.3.1).

(A)

(B)

Figure 3.3.1: (A) Cross Section through Underpass Structure. (B) Longitudinal Section Along Underpass Structure.
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3.3

Substructure / Foundation Components and Modeling Techniques (Contd.)

(A)

(B)

Figure 3.3.2: (A) Plane Strain Finite Element Modeling Concept. (B) 3D Finite Element Modeling Concept.
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3.3 Substructure / Foundation Components and Modeling Techniques (Contd.) (Contd.)

Pile Reactions During Construction Stage Bending Moment Diagram During Construction Stage

Pile Reactions During Service

Shearing Force Diagram M22 Construction Stage During Diagram

Figure 3.3.3: Plane Strain Finite Element Results.

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3.3 Substructure / Foundation Components and Modeling Techniques (Contd.) (Contd.)

M11 Diagram

M22 Diagram

Figure 3.3.4: Bending Moment Diagrams in Roundabout Mat Foundation.

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3.3 Substructure / Foundation Components and Modeling Techniques (Contd.) (Contd.)

V13 Diagram

V23 Diagram

Figure 3.3.5: Shearing Force Diagrams in Roundabout Mat Foundation. Bridges Saudi Arabia 2011
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3.4 Structural Joint Details

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3.4

Structural Joint Details (Contd.)

Figure 3.4.1: Contraction Joint Detail in Walls

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3.4

Structural Joint Details (Contd.)

Figure 3.4.2: Expansion Joint Detail in Walls

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3.4

Structural Joint Details (Contd.)

Figure 3.4.3: Construction Joint Detail in Walls

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3.5

Waterproofing Systems

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3.5 Waterproofing Systems (Contd.)

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3.5

Waterproofing Systems (Contd.) System

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3.6

Other Durability Measures

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4. Ensuring the Integrity of Existing

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4.1

Introduction

Figure 4.1: Omar Bin El-Khattab Intersection

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4.1

Introduction (Contd.)

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4.2

Ground Conditions

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4.3 Proposed Structural System and Construction Technique

(A)
Figure 4.3.1: (A) Unsupported Excavation for Exterior Retaining Wall Construction.
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4.3 Proposed Structural System and Construction Technique (Contd.)

(B )

(C)
Figure 4.3.1 (Contd): (B) Completing The Exterior Retaining Wall. (C) Braced Excavation Stages.
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4.3 Proposed Structural System and Construction Technique (Contd.)

(D)
Figure 4.3.1 (Contd.) : (D) Casting the mat foundation / Interior Wall in Existing of the Temporary Bracing System.
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4.3 Proposed Structural System and Construction Technique (Contd.)

(E) Figure 4.3.1 (Contd.): (E) Completing Retaining Wall Construction.

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results

Figure 4.4.1: Plane Strain Finite Element Model

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results (Contd.) (Contd.

Table 4.4.1: Calculation Phases.

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results (Contd.) (Contd.

(A): Horizontal Incremental Displacements

(B): Vertical Incremental Displacements

Figure 4.4.2: Incremental Displacements Caused By Unsupported Excavations

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results (Contd.) (Contd.

(A): Horizontal Incremental Displacements

(B): Vertical Incremental Displacements

Figure 4.4.3: Incremental Displacements Caused By Exterior Wall Construction.

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results (Contd.) (Contd.

(A): Horizontal Incremental Displacements

(B): Vertical Incremental Displacements

Figure 4.4.4: Incremental Displacements During Braced Excavation Stages.

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results (Contd.) (Contd.

(A): Horizontal Incremental Displacements

(B): Vertical Incremental Displacements

Figure 4.4.5: Incremental Displacements During Braced Excavation Stages.

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results (Contd.) (Contd.

(A): Horizontal Incremental Displacements

(B): Vertical Incremental Displacements

Figure 4.4.6: Incremental Displacements During Braced Excavation Stages.

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results (Contd.) (Contd.

(A): Horizontal Incremental Displacements

(B): Vertical Incremental Displacements

Figure 4.4.7: Incremental Displacements Associated With Interior Wall Construction.

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4.4 Modeling Technique, Calculation Phases and Output Results (Contd.) (Contd.
d. Based on the output results of the finite element model, the deformations associated with the construction stages are not significant and the temporary lateral bracing system and permanent reinforced concrete retaining walls have been designed to sustain the applied loads and moments.

(A): Bending Moment Diagram.

(B): Shearing Force Diagram.

Figure 4.4.8: Bending Moment and Shearing Force Diagrams in Permanent Walls After Cutting Protruded Temporary Struts.
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5.

Conclusions

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