Group Dynamics

Prof. Saurabh Singh saurabh.singh.21@gmail.com +919039962710

Security

Status

SelfEsteem

What Makes People Join Groups?

Affiliation

Power

Goal Achievement

Defining and Classifying Groups

Functions of Formal Groups

Organizational Functions
1. Accomplish complex, interdependent tasks that are beyond the capabilities of individuals. 2. Generate new or creative ideas and solutions. 3. Coordinate interdepartmental efforts. 4. Provide a problem-solving mechanism for complex problems requiring varied information and assessments. 5. Implement complex decisions. 6. Socialize and train newcomers.

Individual Functions
1. Satisfy the individuals need for affiliation. 2. Develop, enhance, and confirm the individuals self-esteem and sense of identity. 3. Give individuals an opportunity to test and share their perceptions of social reality. 4. Reduce the individuals anxieties and feelings of insecurity and powerless-ness. 5. Provide a problem-solving mechanism for personal and interpersonal problems.

Tuckmans Five-Stage Theory of Group Development

Performing Norming Storming Return to Independence Adjourning

Forming

Dependence/ interdependence

Independence

Tuckmans Five-Stage Theory of Group Development (continued)

Forming Storming Norming Performing

Individual Issues

How do I fit in?

Whats my role here?

What do the How can I best others expect perform my me to do? role?

Group Issues

Why are we here?

Why are we fighting over whos in charge and who does what?

Can we agree on roles and Can we do the work as a job properly? team?

Stages of Group Development

Stages of Group Development (contd)

Stages of Group Development

Group Behavior Model

External Conditions Imposed on the Group

Imposed Conditions:
Organizations overall strategy Authority structures

Formal regulations
Resource constraints Selection process

Performance and evaluation system Organizations culture

Physical work setting

Group Member Resources

Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities
Interpersonal skills
Conflict management and resolution Collaborative problem solving Communication

Personality Characteristics
Sociability Initiative Openness Flexibility

Group Structure - Roles

Formal Leadership
Leadership that is imposed on the group by the organization. Leaders who derive their power from the positions they occupy in the organizational structure. Formal leaders may or may not also be the informal leaders of the groups in which they function.

Group Structure - Roles (contd)

Group Structure - Roles (contd)

Group Structure - Norms

Classes of Norms:
Performance norms

Appearance norms
Social arrangement norms Allocation of resources norms

Group Structure - Norms (contd)

Group Structure - Norms (contd)

Typology of Deviant Workplace Behavior

Group Structure - Status

Group Norms

Status Equity

Group Member Status

Culture

Group Structure - Size

Performance

Other conclusions:
Odd number groups do better than even. Group Size Groups of 7 or 9 perform better overall than larger or smaller groups.

Group Structure - Composition

Group Structure - Cohesiveness

Increasing group cohesiveness:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Make the group smaller. Encourage agreement with group goals. Increase time members spend together. Increase group status and admission difficultly. Stimulate competition with other groups. Give rewards to the group, not individuals. Physically isolate the group.

Group Processes

Group Tasks
Decision-making
Large groups facilitate the pooling of information about complex tasks. Smaller groups are better suited to coordinating and facilitating the implementation of complex tasks. Simple, routine standardized tasks reduce the requirement that group processes be effective in order for the group to perform well.

Group Decision Making (contd)

Group Decision-Making Techniques

High-performance Teams
Shared Responsibility Future Focused Rapid Response
Participative Leadership Aligned on Purpose High Communication

Attributes of high-performance Teams

Creative Talents

Focused on Task

Evaluating Group Effectiveness

Lost on the Moon

Your spaceship has just crash-landed on the moon. You were scheduled to meet a mother ship 200 miles away on the lighted surface of the moon, but the rough landing has ruined your ship and destroyed all the equipment on board, except for the 15 items listed below. Your crews survival depends on reaching the mother ship, so you must choose the most critical items available for the 200-mile trip. Your task is to rank the 15 items in terms of their importance for survival. Place 1 by the most important item, 2 by the second most important item, and so on through 15, the least important. Then rank the fifteen items as a team

Item

Rank

E.P. NASAsRanking E.P.

Box of matches Food Concentrate 50 of nylon rope Parachute silk Solar-powered portable heating unit Two .45 caliber pistols One case of dehydrated milk Three 100-pound tanks of oxygen Stellar map (of the moons constellation) Self-inflating raft Magnetic compass Five gallons of water Signal Flares First-aid kit injection needles Solar-powered FM Receiver-Transmitter

Nasa Ranking
Box of matches Food Concentrate 50 feet of nylon rope Parachute silk Solar-powered portable heating unit Two .45 caliber pistols One case of dehydrated milk Three 100-pound tanks of oxygen Stellar map (of the moons constellation) Self-inflating raft Magnetic compass Five gallons of water Signal Flares First-aid kit injection needles Solar-powered FM Receiver-Transmitter 15 4 6 8 13 11 12 1 3 9 14 2 10 7 5