Department of Electrical & Electronics, MIT Manipal ELE 304- Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation

Date:12-02-2011 Assignment -1 Submission date:28-02-2011

1.An ac LVDT has the following data. Input 6.3 V,output =5.2V , range + 0.5 inches to -0.5 inches. Determine i) Calculate the output voltage vs core position for a core movement going from + 0.45 inches to 0.30 inches ii) The output voltage when the core is -0.25 inches from the centre 2. A parallel plate capacitor transducer uses plates of are 500mm2 which are separated by a distance 0.2 mm. calculate the value of the capacitance when the dielectric is air. i) Calculate the change in capacitance if a linear displacement reduces the distance between the plates to 0.18 mm. also calculate the ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per unit change of displacement. ii)Suppose a mica sheet 0.01 mm thick is inserted in the gap, calculate the value of the original capacitance and change in capacitance for the same displacement. Also calculate the ratio of per unit change in capacitance to per unit change in displacement. The dielectric constant of mica is 8. 3. Explain the term COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO (CMRR) and explain its significance in the field of instrumentation? 4.A resistive potentiometer with 200 turns is rated as 200, 1W. It is used with 10V supply. Is it safe to use this? Calculate the maximum voltage that can be used with this potentiometer 5. Show that mercury in glass thermometer, to a reasonable approximation, behaves as a first order instrument. 6. What are the various sources of gross, systematic and random errors in a process of measurement? How are these errors minimized? 7. A bridge circuit has two fixed resistors and two strain gauges all of which have a value of 120 .The gauge factor is 2.04 and the strain applied to both strain gauges, one in tension and other in compression , is 0.000165.If the battery voltage is 6V , determine i) the voltage output of the bridge ii) the sensitivity in volt per unit strain 8. A Piezo electric transducer has a capacitance of 1000pF and a charge sensitivity of 40 x 10 -3 C/m. The connecting cable has a capacitance of 300p F while the oscilloscope used for readout has a readout input resistance of 1 M with a parallel capacitance of 50pF. a) What is the sensitivity of the transducer alone?

b) What is the highest frequency sensitivity of the entire measuring system ? c) What is the lowest frequency that can be measured with 5 % amplitude error by the entire system d) What is the value of an external shunt capacitance that can be connected in order to extend the range of 5% error downto 10Hz e) With external capacitance calculated in (d) connected in the circuit , what is the system high frequency sensitivity? 9. Design a filter for measurement of infra red radiant energy, for a 2 KHz cut off frequency (Given C= 0.01 QF). 10. Why is the linearity of an instrument an important specification? How is it expressed? 11. Compare the following passive transducers with respect to the principle used and application in the measurement. a. strain gauge b.RTD c. LVDT d.capacitor gauge e.dielectric gauge

12. An air capacitor of 3cm x 3 cm with plates separated by 0.3mm has a capacitance of 26.7 pF. Calculate its impedance at 10KHz. 13. What are the drawbacks of differential amplifier that are solved in instrumentation amplifier?