T<ys+ 20 E 2011

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11

Direct and Indirect Speech

Speech is nothing but a conversation

between two persons.
Speech is of two kinds
1.Direct Speech : Speaker ^ *r-$
E #-r$V> $--V> ^-y Direct
Speech A A$$.
Note : Inverted commas $ # words $
indirect speach ZM *$a-#y$ reporting
verb $$MP time $ V$-^$.
Azahar Ali said to his Friend," I am a good
friend."
Reporting part
Reported part
Said - Reporting verb, 'am' reported part
2. Indirect Speech : $*y M ^ (third
person) *r A$$$ y M (Second
person) M$ --$$$ *a-M$y ^-r$
Indirect Speech As$. Reported
speech A M*y A$$.
Direct speech $ Indirect speech ZM *$a--

#y$ {M *$$ M$-V$$.

1. Inverted commas $ --*.
2. Reporting part {MP E Commas --

$$.
3. Question mark, Exlamatory mark $ E^
s Full stop V> *a--$.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
Simple Present
Simple Past
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Continuous
Continuous
Simple Past
Past Perfect
Will
Would
Shall
Should

May
Might
Can
Could
Must
had to
I
he/she
you/me
him/her
us
them
our
their
am/is
was
has/have
had
now
then
thus
so
this
that
these
those
here
there
do/does
did
next the
the following
ago
before
today
that day
tomorrow
next day
yester day
previous day
last night
previous night
Eg 1 : The teacher says "sridhya is am intilligent girl."
The teacher admires that sridhya is an intelligent girl.
Eg2 : The teacher said," sridhya is an intelligent girl."
The teacher praised that sridhya was an
intelligent girl.
Note : Eg.1Z Reporting verb Present tense
Z E M$M Riported verb M*y Present
tense Z Er$.
Eg.2 Z Reporting verb Past tense Z #
M$M Reported verb Past tense ZM *$$.
Eg.1Z Student School Z E-y$, Eg.2 Z
Student School --#y$ E-*-W^-.

AV>..AV>...JM *$$* {V>$. >, -- b{ |\

|+
y -.
Questons :
Reported verb must, Indirecte speech A--M $My -$, G s y--$ { JMP* -^ {V>$.
Z.........V> *$-$
h M{Z { Hs ^ OM s-$
a. would to
b. shall do
* $y ^* >-r$ VV> ^ $ B
c. can do
d.had to
Indverted commas $ E V-$$$ {V>$-$$. *$M JM M BZ-^ Ar$t,
B {V>$Z $-V>$ M${>$ $ G$M$ OM
............ As$.
sZ Y M*y$ A$-M-$. r OM
a. Reporting part b. Presenting part
$$$ st$.
c. Reported part d. None
ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
$ F $$$ st$. JMP-V>
Voice AV> {M*-*-$$.
Vst A$-#$ $$--*$$. ""$M$ $ $$,
Voice y$ M-$$$ A :
$ $s, $ $-M$$ Hs? B OM s
1. Active voice : M>-M M$$ A$$. My V$y V$-$. OM M y ^-$
-$$ MM$ {$$-Q Ey$$. -$$ !'' {-^ JMP *r M*y >$. D A$-#
Subect + Verb + Object Ey$-$
$ $-V$$ M${> Z JMP M${>-yM *{
Eg: Mohan loves his Children
_$# ^V$. $W $$V$Y$ >-Z
2. Passive Voice : M>-M M$$
$$W *$.
A$$. -$$ Object + be + V3 + by +
Subject Ey$-$.
Eg : His Children are Love by Mohan
( Active/Passive Voic >M$ MP $

s$ ^*yy.)
Note :
1. I-me V>$, we-us V>$, you-you V>$, hehim V>$, she-her V>$, they-them V>$, it-it

V>$ *$-$.
2. Object - Subject ZM, Subject &
Object ZM *$-$.
3. Verb H *Z E* V3 *ZM

*$$.
4. by A$ Preposition $ E-*-W^---$.
5. be * {M$M$ is, are, was, were, be,
being, been $ E-*-W^---$.

$C...

$W- $-. $-V$$ M${>$ -V>

^$-$. $$V$Y$ M${>-$ $--,
JMP M${>y$ V M-r ^$-$.
B k _a. h M{Z s {PASSIVE VOISE
ACTIVE VOICE

$
O

.$-V$$ M${>-$ OM- OM $

P S+V +O
O+am/is/are+v3+by+S
1
R

-yz$. F $ $-V$ ^* JMP-V>

Idlies are dined by Erwin
E Erwin dines idlies
EM

P
--yz-$. s {-$O. F--$ VstV>
O+am/are +is being+V3+by+S
S S+am /is/ are + V4+o
A

r
{^$.""B-$y...M y-$
E Srydhya is singing a song
A song is being sung by srydhya
N
^

$
....''
A$-#$ $$V$Y$ JM > JMO + has/have + been+ V3+ by+s
T S+has/have +V3+O

$
M

yz
$. JM JMPy$ *{ { A$-#M$
Some milk has been taken by Arun.
Tense Arun has taken some milk

#
E

$$$M$ *$M$ $-y$.

A banana has been eaten by me.
I have eaten a banana
F

My
$ $y ""B$$... ^#''
O+ was/were+V3 +by+S
S+V2 +O
P
Ar*
B

E$. _ M* EPu
Two books were taken by vasu
A Vasu took two books
W.
A_

V$$ BW *$$. ^{
O+was/were+being+V3+by+S
S S+was/were/+V4+O

>

$
$

$
{ ^s M-^ EV -T Arun was playing a computer game.
A computer game being played by Arun.
Tense

...
JM

JM

P
y
$ b^y$.. g-V> O+had+been+V3+by+S
S+had +V3+O
^y

$
.

$V>
V*y$ Vst > o
A scooter had been driven by Ervin
Erwin had driven a scoter.
M

*
a

$rt

.
g
M
D JM JMP-yM E JM JMP
F S+will/shall+V +O
O+will/shall+be+V3+by+S
1
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#s

t
^

M>

r
$ > $-$ { English will be taught by Sita
T Sita will teach English

$
E
-^$M$ {V>$-$$
U S+will/shalll+have+V +O
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O+will/shall+have+been+V3+by+S
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Sony will have been presented a pair of ear
E Erwin will have presented a pair of ear
Tense rings to Sony
s -- A$M$ M>- C. $-
Rayachoti.
rings by Erwin
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THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(IF clauses)
In English there are three kinds of conditional sentences.
1. Probable condition 2. Improbable condition 3. Impossible condition
1.Probable condition :- If + simpl present +
simple future tense
eg. Srividhya asks, Arun will explain the
problem.
2. Improbable condition :- If + Simple
past + should /could /might+v1
eg: Srividhya clarrifield her doubts, she could
get I class
3. Impossible Condition : If + past perfect
tens + would have + v3
eg: If srividhya had asked,
Arun would have helped
her.