AHEAD Tests and Discussions PROSTHODONTICS (FPD)

1. Advantages of supragingival crown margins include the following EXCEPT a. They can be easily finished. b. They are more easily kept clean. c. The proximal contact area extends to the gingival crest. d. Restorations can be easily evaluated at recall appointments. 2. Tooth structure is conserved by using the following guidelines for biomechanical preparation EXCEPT a. Use of partial-coverage rather than complete coverage restorations b. Preparation of teeth with the minimum practical convergence angle (taper) between axial walls. c. Preparation of the occlusal surface so reduction follows the anatomic planes to give uniform thickness in the restoration. d. Creating an apical extension of the preparation. 3. Minimally required clearances for biomechanical preparation of any posterior tooth for a metal ceramic crown are as follows a. Buccal cusp 1.5 mm, Lingual cusp 1.0 mm, Marginal ridges and fossae 1.0 mm b. Buccal cusp 2 mm, Lingual cusp 1.0 mm, Marginal ridges and fossae 1.5 mm c. Buccal cusp 1 mm, Lingual cusp 1.5 mm, Marginal ridges and fossae 1.0 mm d. Buccal cusp 1.5 mm, Lingual cusp 1.5 mm, Marginal ridges and fossae 1.0 mm 4. A subgingival margin of crown preparation is justified if any of the following pertain EXCEPT a. Dental caries, cervical erosion, or restorations extend subgingivally, and a crown-lengthening procedure is not indicated. b. The proximal contact area extends above the gingival crest. c. Additional retention is needed. d. The margin of a metal-ceramic crown is to be hidden behind the labiogingival crest. 9. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of chamfer a. Distinct margin, b. adequate bulk, c. easier to control d. Removes unsupported enamel 10. Margin design of crown preparation indicated occasionally on tilted teeth is a. Featheredge b. Chisel edge c. Bevel d. Chamfer 11. The objectives in beveling of crown margin are all of the following EXCEPT a. to allow the cast metal margin to be bent or burnished against the prepared tooth structure; b. to minimize the marginal discrepancy caused by a complete crown that fails to seat completely c. to protect the unprepared tooth structure from chipping d. Sub gingival extension of the preparation 12. For a crown to seat and have the optimal retention, all axial walls should have a a. 6 - degree taper from cervical to occlusal b. 4 - degree taper from occlusal to cervical c. 4 - degree taper from cervical to occlusal d. 6 - degree taper from occlusal to cervical 13. The factor that influences the resistance form of the crown preparation and has little or no influence on its retention form is a. Magnitude of the dislodging forces b. Direction of the dislodging forces c. Geometry of the tooth preparation d. Film thickness of the luting agent 14. Retention form is least for which of the following preparation a. Molar complete crown b. Premolar complete crown c. Molar Partial crown d. Intracoronal restoration 15. Influence of type of luting agent on retention form of crown preparation is in the following order a. Adhesive resin, Glass ionomer, polycarboxylate, Zinc oxide-eugenol b. Zinc oxide-eugenol, Adhesive resin, Glass ionomer, polycarboxylate c. Glass ionomer, Adhesive resin, polycarboxylate, Zinc oxide-eugenol d. Polycarboxylate, Zinc oxide-eugenol, Glass ionomer, Adhesive resin 16. The features of a tooth preparation that enhance the stability of a restoration and resist dislodgment along an axis other than the path of placement. a. Resistance form b. Retention form c. Stability form d. Support form 17. Epoxy resins suitable for fabrication of precision dies have a draw back of high polymerization shrinkage. However, polymerization shrinkage is less of a problem with newer formulations such as a. polyurethane resin. b. Acrylic resin c. Ethoxy resin d. Neo resin 18. Impression materials that is not compatible with epoxy resin a. polysulfide b. Addition silicone c. polyether d. Condensation silicone

5. Which of the following is advantage of chamfer margin design of crown preparation a. Conservative of tooth structure b. Removes unsupported enamel, allows finishing of metal c. Distinct margin, adequate bulk, easier to control d. Bulk of restorative material 6. Care is needed to avoid unsupported lip of enamel in case of which margin design of crown preparation a. Bevel b. Chamfer c. Shoulder d. Shoulder with bevel 7. Margin design of crown preparation indicated in Cast metal restorations and lingual margin of metal-ceramic crowns is a. Bevel b. Chamfer c. Shoulder d. Shoulder with bevel Margin design of crown preparation indicated in Facial margin of posterior metal-ceramic crowns with superagingival margins is a. Bevel b. Chamfer c. Shoulder d. Shoulder with bevel

8.

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AHEAD Tests and Discussions PROSTHODONTICS (FPD)

19. Gypsum's greatest disadvantage as a die material is its relatively poor resistance to abrasion. Attempts to overcome this have included the use of so-called "gypsum hardeners." An alternative approach' is to impregnate the surface of the die with a low-viscosity resin such as a. cyanoacrylate b. polyurethane c. Acrylic d. Ethoxy 20. Pontic design recommended at areas with high esthetic requirement is a. Saddle-ridge-lap b. Conical c. Modified ridge-lap d. Ovate 21. Conical pontic design is recommended in a. Maxillary incisors b. Premolars c. Molars d. Canines 22. Which ingredient of metals used in metal ceramics is responsible for green discoloration of ceramics, popularly called as the Greening Effect: a. Au b. Ag c. Zn d. Pd 23. Dental material that exhibits zero percentage elongation a. Amalgam b. Composites c. Acrylic resins d. Porcelain 24. The order of arrangement of ceramic forms from maximum to minimum in terms of their flexural strengths is a. Spinell > Zirconia > Alumina b. Zirconia > Alumina > Sprinell c. Alumina > Sprinell > Zirconia d. Spinell> Alumina > Zirconia 25. Porcelain starts exhibiting translucency with a smooth surface only after a. Low bisque stage b. Medium Bisque stage b. High bisque stage d. None 26. Which statement about shrinkage of porcelain during firing is incorrect a. Linear shrinkage of porcelain on firing is 10-15 % b. Volumetric shrinkage of porcelain on firing is 30- 40% c. Low fusing porcelain has lesser volumetric shrinkage than high fusing porcelain d. More than three fourth of shrinkage of porcelain is completed at low bisque stage 27. Most common cause of metal ceramic bond failure is development of a. Compressive stresses b. Redial tensile stresses c. Low specific gravity of alloys d. Low sag resistance of alloys 28. Which statement about metals used for metal ceramic is incorrect: a. They have a potential to bond to porcelain b. Their coefficients of thermal contraction are compatible with those of dental porcelain c. Their solidus temperature is sufficiently low to permit application of low fusing porcelain d. They contain at least 1 2 % of Sn / In 29. Dicor is: a. Ceramic material with unusual strength. b. Ceramic material with excellent esthetics. c. Ceramic material which is castable. d. New type of restorative resin with minimum porosity and excellent esthetics. 30. Placement of the finish line for a laminate veneer will depend on the thickness of the tooth and the patient's occlusion. Whenever possible, the finish line should be placed on the a. Lingual surface. b. Labial surface c. Proximal surface d. Faciolingual surface 31. Which of the following statement about porcelain laminate veneer is false a. Porcelain is stronger in compression than in tension. b. Wrapping the porcelain over the incisal edge and terminating it on the lingual surface places the veneer in tension during function. c. A slight incisal overlap provides a vertical stop that aids in the proper seating of the veneer. d. Extension onto the lingual surface will enhance mechanical retention and increase the surface area for bonding. 32. The factors that help to determine the design of the incisal edge of porcelain laminate veneer are all EXCEPT a. Faciolingual thickness of the tooth b. The need for esthetic lengthening c. Occlusal considerations d. Gingivo incisal length of the tooth 33. The minimal thickness for a porcelain laminate veneer is a. 0.1 to 0.3 mm. b. 0.3 to 0.5 mm. c. 0.5 to 0.7 mm. d. 0.7 to 0.9 mm. 34. The required uniform reduction of porcelain laminate veneer can be achieved by following an orderly progression of steps a. Facial , Proximal , Incisal, Lingual Reduction. b. Proximal ,Incisal, Lingual Reduction, Facial c. Lingual Reduction, Facial , Proximal , Incisal, d. Incisal, Facial , , Lingual Reduction, Proximal 35. The finish line placed on maxillary central incisor for porcelain laminate veneer preparation should cover approximately a. One-fourth of the lingual surface and remain 1.0 mm away from centric contacts b. One-third of the lingual surface and remain 1.5 mm away from centric contacts c. One-fifth of the lingual surface and remain 1.0 mm away from centric contacts d. One-fourth of the lingual surface and remain 0.5 mm away from centric contacts 36. During cementation of the porcelain laminate veneer the prepared tooth should be cleaned with a. Nonfluoride pumice b. Fluoridated pumice c. Glycrine based pumice d. Water based pumice

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AHEAD Tests and Discussions PROSTHODONTICS (FPD)

37. Glazed porcelain a. Is nonporous b. Does not resists abrasion c. Possesses esthetic stability d. Is well-tolerated by gingiva. 38. Which of the following statement about porcelain laminate veneer is false a. Etching the porcelain, usually with hydrofluoric acid or a derivative, is the most important factor in determining bond strength between the composite resin luting agent and the porcelain veneer. a. The mechanical retention obtained by etching the porcelain increases the shear bond strength by a factor of four when compared to unetched porcelain. b. The application of a silane coupling agent decreases the bond strength. c. The bond between the acrylic resin laminate and the composite resin is weak 39. The pontic design that embraces the edentulous ridge, gives the illusion of a tooth, but it possesses all or nearly all convex surfaces for ease of cleaning is a. Ridge lap b. Modified ridge lap c. Conical d. Saddle 40. Ridge deformities that show loss of ridge height, with normal width are classified as a. Class I b. Class II c. Class III d. Class IV 41. Soldering is the joining of metal components by a filler metal, or solder, which is fused to each of the parts being joined. Soldering differs from brazing and welding in respect that 1. In fusion welding, the pieces that are joined are melted or fused together, without solder 2. The filler metal has a melting temperature greater than 450"C (840F), the process is brazing. 3. In Brazing , the pieces that are joined are melted or fused together, without solder 4. The filler metal has a melting temperature greater than 450"C (840F), the process is welding. a. 1 & 2 b. 2 & 3 c. 3 & 4 d. 2 & 4 42. The higher the fineness of a solder a. The higher will be its melting range and the greater its corrosion resistance. b. The lower will be its melting range and the lesser its corrosion resistance. c. The greater will be its melting range and the higher its corrosion resistance. d. The lesser will be its melting range and the lower its corrosion resistance. 43. During soldering which of the following may facilitate the process by providing surface protection, reduce oxides, or dissolve oxides. a. Solder b. Flux c. Anti flux d. Braze 44. Fluxes are often are too fluid for preceramic soldering. The material used to outline the area to be soldered in order to restrict the flow of solder is a. Solder b. Flux c. Anti flux d. Braze 45. Restorations, such as fixed partial dentures, which are permanently placed in the mouth require the use of a solder of high fineness to resist corrosion. The minimum fineness that should be used is a. 480 fine b. 580 fine c. 680 fine d. 780 fine 46. The solder should possess a fusion temperature that is about a. 60C below that of the metal being soldered. b. 40C below that of the metal being soldered. c. 60C above that of the metal being soldered. d. 40C above that of the metal being soldered. 47. Resin-Bonded Fixed Partial Dentures with particleroughened retainers by incorporating salt crystals into the retainer patterns to produce roughness on the inner surfaces are a. Rochette Bridge b. Maryland Bridge c. Virginia Bridge d. Richmond Bridge 48. The use of wing-like retainers, with funnel-shaped perforations through them to enhance resin retention with combined mechanical retention with a silane coupling agent to produce adhesion to the metal is seen in a. Rochette Bridge b. Maryland Bridge c. Virginia Bridge d. Richmond Bridge 49 Implant in the anterior mandible should be placed ____mm anterior to the mental foramen a. 3mm b. 4mm c. 5mm d. 6mm 50 Minimum recommended space b/w two implants is: a. 1mm b. 0.5mm c. 2mm d. 3mm 51 First evidence of implants dates back to a. 100 ad b. 1000 ad. c. 600 a.d.

d. 800 a.d

52 Critical threshold temperature for impaired bone regeneration is: o o a. 50 56 c b. 44 47 c o o c. 60 67 c d. 30 35 c 53 Speeds for rotary instruments to be used for bone tapping for placement of implants is a. 10 15 rpm b. 30 40 rpm c. 15 30 rpm d. 40 50 rpm 54 The force applied to the implant to cheek its mobility is approximately: a. 1000 gm b. 250 gm c. 400 gm d. 500 gm 55 Rp 5 in implantology is: a) Removable prosthesis completely supported by implants/teeth b) Removable prosthesis combining implant and soft tissue support c) Fixed/removable prosthesis that replaces natural crowns and portion of soft tissue d) Removable prosthesis that restores anatomic crowns and portion of root of natural tooth

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AHEAD Tests and Discussions PROSTHODONTICS (FPD)

56 Minimum bone height for predictable long teeth endosteal implant survival is: a. 5mm b. 8mm c. 10mm d. 15mm 57 Bar units are made useful when following except: a) Four or more abutments are present b) Large edentulous spaces c) Resorbed edentulous ridges d) When flexibility in spinliting is required 58 Older bar unit as all of the following EXCEPT: a. Tapered sides b. Parallel sides c. Frictional retention d. A sleeve fitting precisely over bar 59 A winged preparation is advocated for a) An anterior pfm crown b) Posterior three quarter crown c) Anterior pin modified three quarter crown d) All ceramic crown 60 Optimum Crown: Root Ratio For A Fixed Bridge Abutment Is a. 3:2 b. 1:1 c. 2:3 d. 1:2 61 The ability of a cemented retainer to resist dislodgment when subjected to oblique forces is termed as: a. Resistance b. Retention c. Stability d. Support 62 How much space should be provided for porcelain, in framework of metal ceramic pontic ? a. 1.6 mm b. 2.0mm c. 1.2 mm d. 0.5 mm 63 Which of the following preparation surfaces contributes least to the retention? a. Mesial b. Buccal c. Occlusal d. All and same to provide retention 64 For a complete ceramic crown, the tinners joint is placed:a. Lingually b. Mesially c. Buccally d. At incisal edge 65 When a long span fpd is fabricated, :a) The pontics and cennectors should be made as bulky as possible b) Pontics should be made thin and connectors bulky c) Pontics should be made bulky and connectors thin d) Pontics and cennectors should be made as thin as possible 66 All other factors being equal, an fpd with a two span pontic will flex as compared to a single span pontic a. 2 times move b. 3 times move c. 8 time move d. The flexing would be lesser 67 Which type of preformed provisional crown has the most natural appearance? a. Ni cr alloy b. Cellulose acetate crown c. Tin silver alloy d. Poly carbonate crown 68 A satisfactory impression of dental arches for making a diagnostic casts can be made in a. Addition silicon b. Putty silicone c. Irreversible hydrocolloid d. Reversible hydrocolloid 69 Partial veneer crowns are indicated a) In dentitions with active caries b) As retainers for short span fpds c) On teeth that have long clinical crowns d) All of the above 70 Which of the following is an ideal abutment? a) Tooth with caries on a single surface only b) Endodontically treated tooth c) Unrestored caries free tooth d) Tooth with cervical erosion 71 How much circumfrence of the abutment should be encompassed by a resin bonded retainer o o o o a. 100 b. 180 c. 270 d. 360 72 Resistance of a full crown would be decreased by:a) Decreasing the taper of the preparation b) Rounding all line angles of the preparation c) Increasing the length of the preparation d) Increasing the width of the preparation 73 What should be the occlusal width of the pontic mesiodistally? a) 15 % less than normal tooth b) Two third of the normal tooth c) Half of the normal tooth d) Same as the normal tooth 74. Which of the following is a contra indication for ResinBonded Fixed Partial Dentures a. Caries-free Abutment Teeth. b. Mandlbular Incisor Replacements. c. Periodontal Splints. d. Deep Vertical Overbite. 75. A procedure in which the tooth is separated through the crown and the furcation, producing two essentially equal-sized teeth is called as a. Root resection b. Root amputation c. Hemisection d. Root disection 76. For all ceramic crown preparation the finish line is a. 1 0-mm-wide radial shoulder on the facial and 0.5 to 0.7 mm in other areas b. 1.5-mm-wide radial shoulder on the facial and 0.5 to 0.7 mm in other areas c. 1 0-mm-wide radial shoulder on the facial and 0.7 to 0.9 mm in other areas d. 1.5-mm-wide radial shoulder on the facial and 0.7 to 0.9 mm in other areas 77. Which of the following is not correctly matched a. Cerapearl, is a type of machinable glass-ceramic b. Dicor, is a type of castable glass-ceramic c. IPS-Empress is a pressable system of ceramic d. Inceram is a slipcast ceramic

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AHEAD Tests and Discussions PROSTHODONTICS (FPD)

78. Fixed Movable bridges are indicated in situations in a. Differently inclined abutment teeth. b. Short edentulous span c. High caries index d. poor oral hygiene 79. The nature of metal ceramic bond can be divided into three main components : Mechanical, Compressive and Chemical. Ceramo-metal systems are deliberately designed with a very small degree of mismatch in coefficient of thermal contraction in order to leave porcelain in a state of compression. This explains which component of metal ceramic bond a. Mechanical b. Compressive c. Chemical 80. Which oxides are formed on the metal surface to explain the chemical component of metal ceramic bond when dental porcelain is fired onto metal a. In, Sn or Zn oxide layer b. Ca, Sn or Fe oxide layer c. Na, Sn or Zn oxide layer d. In, Ca or Fe oxide layer 81. The retentive characteristics of a full crown may be enhanced by (a) using glass ionomer cement; (b) using zinc phosphate cement; (c) adding pinholes in the preparation; (d) adding grooves parallel to the path of draw; (e) maximizing the parallelismof the axial walls. a. (a), (c) and (d) b. (a), (d) and (e) c. (b), (c) and (d) d. (c), (d) and (e) 82. What is the most accurate way of checking the occlusion for a fixed prosthesis? a. articulating paper b. shimstock c. patient information 83. How far should implants be placed from one another? a. 3mm b. 4mm c. 5mm d. 7mm 84. The ideal time to wait for osseointergration of an implant to take place is a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 9 months d. 12 months 85 Risk of the tooth fracture is most with a. A complete crown b. An onlay covering all cusps c. An inlay d. A three fourth crown 86 The ferrule effect provide prevention against: a) Horizontal fracture of clinical crown b) Vertical fracture of clinical crown c) Gives stability to coronal restoration d) Increases the retention of dowel 87 Anti rotational groove is prepared on a) Buccal aspect of root canal b) Proximal wall of root canal c) On bulkiest aspect of root canal d) On lingual aspect of root canal 88 Canal preparation for dowel should minimally be what size of an endodontic file? a. No: 30 b. No: 60 c. No: 80 d. No: 100 89 Important diagnostic tool for acheiving implant angulation is a. Diagnosis template b. Wax up (diagnosis) c. Mounted casts d. Surgical template 90 A premucosal seal in case of a dental implant is a. Possible b. Absolutely impossible as tissue will not stitch to titanium implant surface c. Not necessary at all d. None of the above 91 Ideal site for implant placement is a) 1st molar region b) Retromolar pad area because it is resistant to respaxion c) Buccal shelf area because it is most suited for loading d) Mandibular interforaminal region 92 When gingival tissue contract because of extraction the satisfactory choice of impression material for fpd is: a) Reversible hydrocolloid b) Irreversible hydrocolloid c) Elastomeric impression d) Impression compound with copper band 93 When taking impression of a prepared tooth the reaction cord should be a. Left in place b. Be removed c. Removed and tooth dried with compressed air d. Left in place out moistened shortly 94 Cavosurface margin angulation in chamfer finish line is o o o a. 90 b. 90 or less than 90 o o o c. 90 or more than 90 d. 120 95 Resin retained fpd in which salt porticles are incorporated to produce rough retainer is known as :a. Maryland bridge b. Cast mesh fpd c. Rochette bridge d. Virginia bridge 96 Occlusal force generated by an fpd is around a. 25 pounds b. 50 pounds c. 100 pounds d. 150 pounds 97 Resin bonded retainers are contraindicated in:a. Mandibular incisor replacement b. Periodontal splint c. Nickel sensitivity d. Single posterior tooth replacements 98 The path of insertion of an anterior crown should be parallel to:a) Long axis of tooth b) Incisal 2/3 of facial surface c) Cervical 1/3 of the labial surface d) Incisal 1/3 of labial surface 99 When missing right maxillary lateral incisal and canine area to be replaced with pfm restorations, the abutment used are :a) Both central incisors and both right premolars b) Right central incisors and first premolar c) Right central incisors and both premolar d) Both central incisors and right first premolar 100 When an existing diastema is to be maintained in the planned fixed bridge restoration, the connectors used are:a. Cross pin connectors b. Soldered connectors c. Loop connectors d. Non ridge connectors

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AHEAD Tests and Discussions PROSTHODONTICS (FPD)

1. Ans. C: A subgingival margin is justified if any of the following pertain: 1. Dental caries, cervical erosion, or restorations extend subgingivally, and a crown-lengthening procedure is not indicated. 2. The proximal contact area extends to the gingival crest. 3. Additional retention is needed. 4. The margin of a metal-ceramic crown is to be hidden behind the labiogingival crest. Ans. D Ans. A: An anatomically prepared occlusal surface results in adequate clearance without excessive tooth reduction. A flat occlusal preparation will result in either (1) insufficient clearance or (2) an excessive amount of reduction. Ans. B 5. Ans. C 6. Ans. B 7. Ans. B 8. Ans. D 9. Ans. D 10. Ans. B

2. 3.

4.

11. Ans. D: Beveling offers limited help in subgingival extension of the preparation or placement of the margin on dentin rather than on enamel. Facial margins of maxillary partial-coverage restorations should be beveled to protect the remaining tooth structure and to allow for burnishing 12. Ans. A: Causes of failure of crowns and fixed partial dentures are in the following order dental caries, porcelain failure, lack of retention lack of retention, dental caries, porcelain failure porcelain failure, dental caries, lack of retention lack of retention, porcelain failure, dental caries 13. Ans. B 14. Ans. D 15. Ans. A

16. Ans. a. retention form is the feature of a tooth preparation that resists dislodgment of a crown in a vertical direction or along the path of placement. 17. Ans. A 18. Ans. A: Certain impression materials (i.e., polysulfide and hydrocolloid) are not compatible with resin. However, good results are achieved with silicone and polyether. 19. Ans. A 25. Ans. C 20. Ans. C 26. Ans. D 21. Ans. C 27. Ans. B 22. Ans. B 28. Ans. C 23. Ans. D 29. Ans. C 24. Ans. B

30. Ans. A: Whenever possible, the finish line should be placed on the lingual surface. 31. Ans. B: Wrapping the porcelain over the incisal edge and terminating it on the lingual surface places the veneer in compression during function 32. Ans. D : Faciolingual thickness of the tooth, the need for esthetic lengthening, occlusal considerations help to determine the design of the incisal edge of porcelain laminate veneer 33. Ans. B: The minimal thickness for a porcelain laminate veneer is 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The required uniform reduction can be achieved by following an orderly progression of steps 34. Ans. A 35. Ans. A: The finish line should be approximately one-fourth the way down the lingual surface, preferably 1.0 mm from centric contacts, and connecting the two proximal finish lines. 36. Ans A: Clean the prepared tooth with nonfluoride pumice and try in the porcelain veneers. Verify the marginal fit. A drop of water or glycerine will help the veneer stay in place on the tooth during the try-in. 37. Ans. B: Glazed porcelain is nonporous, resists abrasion, possesses esthetic stability, and is well-tolerated by gingiva. 38. Ans. C: The application of a silane coupling agent also improves the bond strength. The silane coupling agent initiates a weak chemical bond between the SiO2 of the porcelain and the bis-GMA polymer of the composite resin 39. Ans. B
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AHEAD Tests and Discussions PROSTHODONTICS (FPD)

40. Ans. B: Ridge deformities have been grouped into three categories by Siebert and this classification has been widely accepted Class I. Loss of faciolingual ridge width, with normal apicocoronal height. Class II. Loss of ridge height, with normal width. Class III. Loss of both ridge width and height. 41. Ans. A 42. Ans. A

43. Ans. B; Flux is placed on the surfaces to be soldered before they are heated. Fluxes may provide surface protection, reduce oxides, or dissolve oxides. Flux is displaced by solder, which then can form an interface with and bond to the surface being soldered. Soldering fluxes for noble metals are based on borate compounds 44. Ans. C: They often are too fluid for preceramic soldering. Fluorides are used on base metal alloys to dissolve the stable oxides of chromium, cobalt, and nickel. In addition to acting as solvents, these fluxes also serve a protective role. Antiflux is a material used to outline the area to be soldered in order to restrict the flow of solder. The most common antiflux is the mark of a soft graphite pencil, which works best on surfaces that do not have a high polish 45. Ans. B: Restorations, such as fixed partial dentures, which are permanently placed in the mouth require the use of a solder of high fineness to resist corrosion. The minimum fineness that should be used is 580 fine, and a higher number would be better for preventing tarnish and discoloration. 46. Ans. A: The solder should possess a fusion temperature that is about 60C below that of the metal being soldered. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. Ans. C Ans. A Ans. C Ans. D Ans. C Ans. B Ans. C 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. Ans. D Ans. B Ans. C Ans. D Ans. A Ans. A Ans. C 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. Ans. A Ans. C Ans. C Ans. A Ans. A Ans. C Ans. D 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. Ans. C Ans. A Ans. C Ans. B Ans. B Ans. D

74. Ans. D: enamel must be removed from the lingual surface of a maxillary incisor in this occlusal relationship that retention would be drastically reduced because of the poor bonding strength afforded by the exposed dentin 75. Ans. C: Root resection is a procedure m which the root is removed, irrespective of what is done with the crown. The resection of a root also may be called a radectomy. Root amputation is removal of a root without touching the crown. A hemisection is a procedure in which the tooth is separated through the crown and the furcation, producing two essentially equal-sized teeth. 76. Ans. A 77. Ans. A. Cerapearl, is a type of castable glass-ceramic 78. Ans. A 79. Ans. B: Ceramo-metal systems are deliberately designed with a very small degree of mismatch in order to leave porcelain in a state of compression 80. Ans. A: When dental porcelain is fired onto metal with a definite oxide (In, Sn or Zn oxide) layer is formed. 81 82 83 84 85 Ans. D Ans. B Ans. A Ans. B Ans. C 86 87 88 89 90 Ans. B Ans. C Ans. C Ans. D Ans. A 91 92 93 94 95 Ans. D Ans. D Ans. B Ans. C Ans. D 96 Ans. B 97 Ans. C 98 Ans. B 99 Ans. A 100 Ans. C

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