Home

Education and learning teacherone.com

Hide all Items

Web hosting and design

Small Business
Chemistry formulas

Physics formulas Display all Items Physics formulas for high school Physics formulas for grade 11, grade 12 and under graduates.

Density is mass per unit volume Density = mass / volume Force = rate of change of momentum Power is rate of work done Power = work / time Unit of power is watt Potential energy (P) PE = m.g.h m = mass g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s2) h = height Gravity (Force due to gravity) Fg : Force of attraction G : Gravitational constant M1 : Mass of first object M2 : Mass of second object

velocity = displacement / time Momentum = mass . velocity Kinetic energy (P) P = (1/2).m.v2 m = mass v = velocity

Acceleration due to gravity at a depth 'd' from earth surface is :

d gd = g(1R )

G M1 M2 Fg = r2
Acceleration due to gravity at height 'h' from earth surface is : h is very much smaller than R Escape velocity Escape velocity from a body of mass M and radius r is

2h gh = g(1R )
For example if you want to calculate the escape verlocity of sa object from earth then, M is dmass of earth r is radius of earth Under constant acceleration linear motion v = final velocity u = intitial velocity a = acceleration t = time taken to reach velocity v from u s = displacement v = u + a t s = ut + (1/2)a t 2 s = vt - (1/2)a t 2 v2 = u2 + 2 a s Friction force (kinetic friction) When the object is moving then Friction is defined as : Ff = Fn where Ff = Friction force, = cofficient of friction Fn = Normal force Linear Momentum Momentum = mass x velocity

OPTICS Index of refraction n = c/v n - index of refraction c - velocity of light in a vacuum v - velocity of light in the given material

Capillary action Simple harmonic motion The height to which the liquid can be lifted Simple harmonic motion is defined by: is given by: d2x/dt2 = - k x

2cos h = gr
: liquid-air surface
converted by Web2PDFConvert.com

tension(T)(T=energy/area) : contact angle : density of liquid g: acceleration due to gravity r: is radius of tube Time period of pendulum Waves

1 f = T 2 = T
v = f . where = Angular frequency, T=Time period, v = Speed of wave, =wavelength

Doppler effect Relationship between observed frequency f and emitted frequency f0:

Resonance of a string

nv frequency = f = 2L

v f = f0( v + vs )

where, L: length of the string where, n = 1, 2, 3... v=velocity of wave vs=velocity of source. It is positive if source of wave is moving away from observer. It is negative if source of wave is moving towards observer. Resonance of a open tube of air(approximate) Resonance of a open tube of air(accurate)

nv Approximate frequency = f = 2L
where, L: length of the cylinder n = 1, 2, 3... v = speed of sound

nv frequency = f = 2(L+0.8D)
where, L: length of the cylinder n: 1, 2, 3... v: speed of sound d:diameter of the resonance tube Resonance of a closed tube of air(accurate)

Resonance of a closed tube of air(approximate)

nv Approximate frequency = f = 4L
where, L: length of the cylinder n = 1, 2, 3... v = speed of sound intensity of sound

nv frequency = f = 4(L+0.8D)
where, L: length of the cylinder n: 1, 2, 3... v: speed of sound d:diameter of the resonance tube Bragg's law n = 2d sin

Sound Power
where n = integer (based upon order) = wavelength d = distance between the planes I = angle between the surface and the ray intensity of sound in decibel= 10log10

intensity of sound =

area

I0 I

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com

I dB = 10log10 I0
where I=intensity of interest in Wm-2 I0=intensity of interest in 10-12Wm-2 de Broglie equation Relation between energy and frequency E = h where E = Energy h = Planck's constant = frequency

h = p =

h mv

where p = momentum = wavelength h = Planck's constant v = velocity Davisson and Germer experiment Centripetal Force (F)

h =

m v2 F = = m 2 r r

where e = charge of electron m = mass of electron V = potential difference between the plates thru which the electron pass = wavelength Circular motion formula v = r Torque (it measures how the force acting on the object can rotate the object) Torque is cross product of radius and Force Torque = (Force) X (Moment arm) X sin T = F L sin whete = angle between force and moment arm

v2 Centripetal acceleration (a) = r

Forces of gravitation F = G (m1.m2)/r2 where G is constant. G = 6.67E - 11 N m2 / kg2

Stefan-Boltzmann Law The energy radiated by a blackbody radiator per second = P P = AT4 where, = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.6703 10-8 watt/m2K4 Ideal gas law P V = n R T P = Pressure (Pa V = Volume (m3) n = number of of R = gas constant 1mol-1] ) T = Temperatue (

Efficiency of Carnot cycle

Tc = 1 Th

i.e. Pascal) gas (in moles) ( 8.314472 .m3.Pa.Kin Kelvin [K])

Boyles law (for ideal gas) P1 V1 = P2V2 T (temperature is constant)

Charles law (for ideal gas)

V1 V2 = T1 T2
P (pressure is constant)

Translational kinetic energy K per gas Internal energy of monoatomic gas molecule (average molecular kinetic energy:)

3 K = n R T
converted by Web2PDFConvert.com

3 K = k T 2
k = 1.38066 x 10-23 J/K Boltzmanns constant Root mean square speed of gas

K = n R T 2
n = number of of gas (in moles) R = gas constant ( 8.314472 .m3.Pa.K1mol-1] ) Ratio of specific heat ()

3 k T V2rms = m
k = 1.38066 x 10-23 J/K Boltzmanns constant m = mass of gas

Cp = Cv
Cp in Cv in = a = a specific constant specific constant heat capacity of the gas pressure process heat capacity of the gas volume process

Internal entergy of ideal gas Internal entergy of ideal gas (U) = cv nRT

In Adiabatic process no heat is gained or lost by the system. Under adiabetic condition PV = Constant TV-1 = Constant where is ratio of specific heat.

Cp = Cv

Boltzmann constant (k)

Speed of the sound in gas

R k = Na
R = gas constant Na = Avogadro's number.

R = gas constant(8.314 J/mol K) T = the absolute temperature M = the molecular weight of the gas (kg/mol) = adiabatic constant = cp/cv

Resistance of a wire Capillary action The height to which the liquid can be lifted L is given by R = h=height of the liquid lifted A T=surface tension r=radius of capillary tube

2T h= rg
Ohm's law V = I . R V = voltage applied R = Resistance I = current Electric power (P) = (voltage applied) x (current) P = V . I = I2 . R V = voltage applied R = Resistance I = current In AC circuit average power is : Pavg = VrmsIrms cos where, Pavg = Average Power Vrms = rms value of voltage Irms = rms value of current Capacitors Q = C.V where Q = charge on the capacitor = rsistivity L = length of the wire A = cross-sectional area of the wire Resistor combination If resistors are in series then equivalent resistance will be Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + . . . . . . + Rn If resistors are in parallel then equivalent resistance will be 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + . . . . . . + 1/Rn

In AC circuit Instantaneous power is : PInstantaneous = VmIm sint sin(t-) where, PInstantaneous = Instantaneous Power Vm = Instantaneous voltage Im = Instantaneous current Total capacitance (Ceq) for PARALLEL Capacitor Combinations: Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 + . . . . . . + Cn Total capacitance (Ceq) for SERIES
converted by Web2PDFConvert.com

C = capacitance of the capacitor V = voltage applied to the capacitor

Total capacitance (Ceq) for SERIES Capacitor Combinations: 1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 + . . . . . . + 1/Cn Cylindrical Capacitor

Parallel Plate Capacitor

A C = 0 d
where C = [Farad (F)] = dielectric constant A = Area of plate d = distance between the plate 0 = permittivity of free space (8.85 X 10-12 C2/N m2)

L C = 2 0 ln (b/a)
where C = [Farad (F)] = dielectric constant L = length of cylinder [m] a = outer radius of conductor [m] b = inner radius of conductor [m] 0 = permittivity of free space (8.85 X 10-12 C2/N m2) Magnetic force acting on a charge q moving with velocity v F = q v B sin where F = force acting on charge q (Newton) q = charge (C) v = velocity (m/sec2) B = magnetic field = angle between V (velocity) and B (magnetic field)

Spherical Capacitor

a b C = 4 0 b a
where C = [Farad (F)] = dielectric constant a = outer radius of conductor [m] b = inner radius of conductor [m] 0 = permittivity of free space (8.85 X 10-12 C2/N m2) Force on a wire in magnetic field (B) F = B I l sin

where F = force acting on wire (Newton) I = Current (Ampere) l = length of wire (m) B = magnetic field = angle between I (current) and B (magnetic field)
In an RL circuit (Resistor-inductor ), the time constant (in seconds) is: = L/R R = Resistance in C = Inductance in henries Mutual inductance of two solenoid two long thin solenoids, one wound on top of the other M = 0N1N2LA N1 = total number of turns per unit length for first solenoid N2 = number of turns per unit length for second solenoid A = cross-sectional area L = length of the solenoid. Coulomb's Law Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. F = k (q1 . q2)/r2 where k is constant. k = 1/(4 0) 9 x 109 N.m2/C2 q1 = charge on one body q2 = charge on the other body r = distance between them
Calculator based upon Coulomb's Law

In an RC circuit (Resistor-Capacitor), the time constant (in seconds) is: = RC R = Resistance in C = Capacitance in in farads.

Self inductance of a solenoid = L = n2LA n = number of turns per unit length L = length of the solenoid.

Energy stored in capacitor

1 E = C V 2 2

Ohm's law V = IR where V = voltage I = current R = Resistence

Electric Field around a point charge (q) E = k ( q/r2 )

Electric field due to thin infinite sheet

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com

where k is constant. k = 1/(4 0) 9 x 109 N.m2/C2 q = point charge r = distance from point charge (q)

E = 2 0
where E = Electric field (N/C) = charge per unit area C/m2 0 = 8.85 X 10-12 C2/N m2

Electric field due to thick infinite sheet

Magnetic Field around a wire (B) when r is greater than the radius of the wire.

E = 0
where

0 I B =2 r

E = Electric field (N/C) = charge per unit area C/m2 0 = 8.85 X 10-12 C2/N m2

where I = current r = distance from wire and r Radius of the wire Magnetic Field At the center of an arc

Magnetic Field around a wire (B) when r is less than the radius of the wire.

0 I r B = 2 R2
where I = current R = radius of wire r = distance from wire and r Radius of the wire (R) Bohr's model

0 I B = 4 r
where I = current r = radius from the center of the wire

Emitting Photons(Rydberg Formula)

nh L = 2
where L = angular momentum n = principal quantum number = 1,2,3,...n h = Planck's constant. Half life of radioactive element where n1 < n2 E0 = 13.6 eV

1 Ephoton = E0( n12 -

1 n22 )

Average life of radioactive element

ln(2) t1/2 = =

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com