Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.

com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 4) ============================================================ Read Instructions before study: Bullet means you have to write the answer in paragraph shape and you could not change the sequence. Bullets are used only for your ease. i) Roman numbered, question may be written as it is. However sequence can be changed. *** This item should not be written in answer. It is just a hint for you. Pay more attention on the bold text in answers. =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=

THEORY
Question: Define the Newtons First Law of Motion? This law states that Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change its state by an external force. First law is also called the law of inertia. The law of inertia states that Characteristic of a body due to which it resists any change in its state of rest or of uniform motion. Question: Explain why it is dangerous to jump from a fast moving train? It is dangerous due to inertia. Jumping body tries to maintain velocity while body touching to earth tries to come at rest. While jumping from train we should run in the direction of motion of train. Question: A glass is covered with a post card and a coin is placed on it. When the post card is suddenly struck with a finger. It falls away and the coin drops into the glass. This is due to inertia. Question: Why a carpet is given a sudden jerk in order to remove dust from it? This is due to inertia. Dust particles try to keep their position while carpet moves. In this way dust particles are removed easily. Question: Define the Newtons second law of Motion? This law states that When a force acts on a body, acceleration is produced in the direction of force. The magnitude of acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to mass of body. a F a 1/m a F/m a = constant x F/m or F = ma Question: Define Force and its Unit? Force is that agent which changes or tends to change ht estate of rest or of uniform motion of a body. It is vector quantity. It unit is Newton.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 4) ============================================================

One Newton is that force which produces an acceleration of one meter per second per second in a body of one kilogram mass. Question: Define the force acting on a person in motion? i) Weight acting vertically downward. ii) Reaction of earth which balanced the weight. It is acting vertically upward. iii) Force of friction. Question: Write down the some great services of Isaac Newton? i) He was the great physicist of 17th Century. ii) He corrected the old beliefs in physics and Mathematics. iii) He introduced the new laws of gravitation and motion in his famous book. Question: Define the Newtons third law of motion? This law states that Action and reaction are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Question: How does tonga moves? The force is exerted by feet of horse on earth in backward direction. This is action. While as a reaction tonga plus horse moves in forward direction. Question: How we walk on the ground? We walk on the ground due to Newtons third law of motion. We push the ground in backward direction. This is our action. While earth pushes us in forward direction as a reaction. Question: Why a book placed on a table remains stationary? Book exerts a force on table in downward direction due to its weight. It is an action. While table exerts a force on the book in opposite direction equal to weight. This is the reaction of table. Both the forces cancel each other, therefore book remain stationary on the table. Question: Define mass and weight? Mass: Mass is characteristics of body which determines the magnitude of acceleration produced when a certain force acts upon it. It is scalar quantity. Mass remains same everywhere. Weight: The weight of a body is equal to the force with which the earth attracts that body towards its center. It is a vector quantity. Weight changes when we go upward. Question: What is the weight of a body having mass = 10 Kg. Weight = w = mg w = 10 x 9.8 w = 98 Newton.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 4) ============================================================

Question: Define momentum? The momentum of a moving body is the product of its mass and velocity P = mv It is a vector quantity. Its unit is Kg m/s. Question: Explain the Law of Conservation of Momentum? This law states that When two or more bodies collide with one another the total momentum of the system remains the same, provided no external force acts upon them. Explanation: Consider two balls of masses m1 and m2. They are initially moving with velocities u1 and u2 in same direction on a straight line. If u1 > u2, then the balls will collide. Let their velocities becomes v1 and v2 after collision. Total momentum of balls before collision Total momentum of balls after collision = = m1u1 + m2u2 m1v1 + m2v2

According to Law of conservation of momentum Total Momentum before collision = Total Momentum after collision m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

Question: Define friction and describe the types of friction? The force, which resists the motion of one surface on another surface, is known as friction. 1-Static Friction: The friction before the motion stars is called the static friction. 2-Kinetic Friction: The friction during motion is called kinetic friction. 3-Rolling Friction: When a body moves with the help of wheels, the friction in this case is called rolling friction. Question: What is force of friction? How friction can be reduced? Friction: The force, which resists the motion of one surface on another surface, is known as friction. Methods to reduce friction: i) Sliding parts should be highly polished to reduce friction. ii) Friction of liquids is less than solids. Therefore oil or grease is applied between the parts of machinery. iii) Rolling friction is less then sliding friction. Therefore sliding friction should be converted to rolling friction by using ball bearings. iv) Front side of vehicles, aeroplanes and ships are shaped wedge like and pointed so that minimum friction is offered by air.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 4) ============================================================

Question: What are the factors on which co-efficient of friction depends? It depends upon i) Nature of the two surfaces ii) Area of sliding surfaces Question: What is the unit of Meu () It is the ratio therefore it has no unit. Question: What is limiting friction? It is the maximum friction present between the two layers of two surfaces of the sliding bodies. Question: Write the formulas of bodies attached to a string? When a body moves vertically downward and the other upward the formulae of acceleration of body and tension in the string will be: a = (m1 m2)g ------------(m1 + m2) 2m1m2g -----------(m1 + m2)

When one body moves vertically downward and the other moves horizontally, then the formulae of acceleration and tension will be: m1g a = ------------(m1 + m2) T = m1m2g -----------(m1 + m2)

Question: When tension in the string and the weight of an object is equal? They are equal if hanging object is in state of rest. =*=*=*=*=

More works/Tasks: Do Exercise from your Book. Do Objectives from book & from any other objective book. Do Numerical with the help of your teacher. Do Interesting Information from book. Do Scientific Reasons with the help of teacher.
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