Postulates and Theorems that you may use

Here are some postulates and theorems from the chapters that you may reference: y y y y y Postulate 1: If there are two points, then there is exactly one line that contains them Postulate 2: If there is a line, then there are at least two points on the line Postulate 3: If there are three noncollinear points, then there is exactly one plane that contains them Postulate 4: if two points lie in a plane, then the line that contains them lies in the plane Postulate 5 (the ruler postulate): the points on a line can be numbered so that a. To every point there corresponds exactly one real number called its coordinate, b. To every real number there corresponds exactly one point c. To every pair of points there corresponds exactly one real number called the distance between the points d. And the distance between two points is the absolute value of the difference between their coordinates. y y y y Theorem 1 (betweenness of points theorem): if A-B-C, then AB+BC=AC Postulate 6 (the midpoint postulate): a line segment has exactly one midpoint Theorem 2: the midpoint of a line segment divides it into segments half as long as the line segment Postulate 7 (the protractor postulate): the rays in a half-rotation can be numbered so that a. To every ray there corresponds exactly one real number called its coordinate b. To every real number from 0 to 180 inclusive there corresponds exactly one ray c. To every pair of rays there corresponds exactly one real number called the measure of the angle that they determine d. And the measure of an angle is the absolute value of the difference between the coordinates of its rays. y y y y y y y y y y Theorem 3 (betweenness of rays theorem): if large as the angle. Theorem 5: complements of the same angle (or equal angles) are equal Theorem 6: Supplements of the same angle (or equal angles) are equal Theorem 7: If two angles are a linear pair, then they are supplementary Theorem 8: If the two angles in a linear pair are equal, then each is a right angle Theorem 9: If two angles are vertical angles, then they are equal Theorem 10: If two lines are perpendicular, they form four right angles Theorem 11: any two right angles are equal Postulate 8: (The SAS congruence postulate): If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to two sides and the included angle of another triangle, the triangles are congruent. then Theorem 4 (angle bisector theorem): A ray that bisects an angle divides it into angles half as

Postulate 9: (The ASA congruence postulate): If two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to two angles and the included side of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.

y y y y y y

Theorem 12: Two triangles congruent to a third triangle are congruent to each other Theorem 13: If two sides of a triangle are equal, the angles opposite them are equal Corollary to theorem 13: If a triangle is equilateral, it is also equiangular Theorem 14: If two angles of a triangle are equal, the sides opposite them are equal Corollary to theorem 14: If a triangle is equiangular, it is also equilateral Theorem 15 (The SSS congruence theorem): If the three sides of one triangle are equal to the three sides of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.

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Chapter 4 Test
1.) Answer the following as true or false. Please explain why you think it is true (if theres a theorem or a postulate you can cite, mention it) or why you think it is false (giving an example or explaining a definition would be a good idea.) (a) A right triangle has one 90 degree angle

(b) An obtuse triangle has three obtuse angles.

(c) An acute triangle has three acute angles

(d) A right scalene triangle can exist.

(e) An obtuse equilateral triangle can exist.

(f) An acute isosceles triangle can exist.

(g) If two angles of a quadrilateral are equal, the opposite sides are equal.

(h) The two triangles are congruent (note: figure not to scale).

7cm 7cm 42 12cm 42 12cm R 9cm 7cm A M N

(i) If the two triangles are congruent, then we can suppose that

C 3cm

3cm E

(j) If the two triangles are congruent, we can name them like so:

2.) Given: answer the following. (a) What postulate indicates that

and the figures below,

A 2 B E

H 3

(b) What postulate indicates that

3
(c) Why is

D 2 F C

3 G I

3.) Using the figure below, give the reason for each of the following. (a)

(b)

4.) Given (a) Does

, answer the following. Why or why not?

3 a
(b) Is the triangle equilateral? Why or why not?

b 2 c

(c) What is the measure of

T
5.) The figure below appeared in a problem on the SAT exam. In it, PS is a line segment and PQ=QT=TR=RS What is the value of ? Show your reasoning.

y 40 P Q R 40 S

6.) Do the following proof using the diagram provided. Given: Prove: is equiangular; A is the midpoint of  ;

M 4 1 A 3 5 P 2

A
7.) Do the following proof using the diagram provided. Given: Prove: AB=CD and

B 2 1 C D

T
8.) Do the following proof using the diagram provided. Given: Prove: and  and are a linear pair.

Extra Credit: 9.) Solve the simultaneous equations for both x and y