Introduction to Valve Technology

Presented by

Part 2 Valves Request Criteria

Presented by

 2006 OMB Valves

Information from the Client

The following information shall be provided by the client, as a minimum :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. type of valve (ball, or gate, or globe, ) design code or standard rating pressure, ANSI Class or PN size of valve NPS (inches) or DN (mm) valve ends (flanged, threaded, mechanical joints, buttweld ends and schedule number) material of the valve body and internal parts

6.

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Information from the Client 4 .Size

Nominal Size
Nominal size is a convenient number, integer or simple fraction which approximates the actual size. It is not generally related to the manufacturing dimensions. The relationship between inside diameter (ID) and nominal pipe size is given by Annex A of ASME B16.34.

Diameter Nominal Size

8 10 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

DN

Nominal Pipe
1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

NPS

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Information from the Client 4 .Size

ANSI B16.34 - Annex A

Nominal Pipe Size
1/2" 3/4" 1" 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 22" 24" 26" 28" 30"

150
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 13.25 15.25 17.25 19.25 21.25 23.25 25.25 27.25 29.25

300
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 13.25 15.25 17.00 19.00 21.00 23.00 25.00 27.00 29.00

400
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 13.12 15.00 17.00 87.00 20.75 22.62 24.50 26.37 28.25

Class 600 900

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.87 9.75 11.75 12.87 14.75 16.50 18.25 20.12 22.00 23.75 25.50 27.37 0.50 0.69 0.87 1.12 1.37 1.87 2.25 2.87 3.87 4.75 5.75 7.50 9.37 11.12 12.25 14.00 15.75 17.50 19.25 21.00 22.75 24.50 26.25

1500
0.50 0.69 0.87 1.12 1.37 1.87 2.25 2.87 3.87 4.75 5.37 7.00 8.75 10.37 11.37 13.00 14.62 16.37 18.00 19.62 21.25 23.00 24.62

2500
0.44 0.56 0.75 1.00 1.12 1.50 1.87 2.25 2.87 3.62 4.37 5.75 7.25 8.62 9.50 10.87 12.25 13.50 14.87 16.25 17.62 19.00 20.37

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Information from the Client 3 .Ratings

Nominal Pressure
Nominal Pressure is a convenient round number for reference purposes. According to ANSI B16.34
ANSI Class (lb.) 150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500 4500 PN (bar) 20 50 68 100 150 250 420 760

According to API 6A
API Class (lb./in2) Maximum Rated Pressure (bar) 2,000 138 3,000 207 5,000 345 10,000 690 15,000 1,034 20,000 1,380

All equipment of the same nominal size DN (nominal diameter) and designated by the same PN (nominal pressure) shall have compatible mating dimensions. PN according to DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norme) does not exactly correlate to ANSI pressure class and may vary significantly.

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Information from the Client 4 .Material

Material Selection
Material selection is generally made by the end-user rather than the valve supplier. Materials for the body and internal parts are selected according to the type of the fluid, the working conditions, and durability requirements. The valve body and bonnet (pressure containment parts) are constructed of materials listed in ANSI B16.34 and in the relevant ASTM specifications. Materials may be obtained in a variety of forms including forging, casting, plate, bar, and tubular.

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Material Selection

Pressure/Temperature Ratings
Materials are grouped in ASME-ANSI B16.34 where the same pressure/temperature ratings apply. The primary types of materials used for valve body along with their common service applications are listed below. Carbon Steel Killed Carbon Steel Crome-Moly Alloy Steel Nickel Low-Alloy Steel Austenitic Stainless Steel Duplex Stainless Steel Martensitic Stainless Steel High-Moly Austenitic Stainless Steel Nickel Alloys High Temperature Service Low Temperature Service Very High Temperature Very Low Temperature Corrosive, Cryogenic Corrosive (gas and oilfield) Corrosive (API 6A) Corrosive, Seawater Special Corrosive Applications

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Material Selection

ANSI B16.34 - Material Ratings

Each material classification below has limitations. The note references in brackets following the material classification refer to the notes below.
A105 (1)(6) A216 Gr. WCB (1) A350 Gr. LF2 (1) A515 Gr. 70 (1) A516 Gr. 70 (1)(2) A537 Cl. 1 (3) A675 A696 A672 A672 Br. 70 (1)(4)(5) Gr. C Gr. B70 (1) Gr. C70 (1)

(1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800F, the carbide phase of steel may be converted to graphite. Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use above 800F. (2) Not to be used over 850F. (3) Not to be used over 700F. (4) Leaded grades shall not be used where welded or in any application above 500F. (5) For service temperatures above 850F, it is recommended that killed steels containing not less than 0.10% residual silicon be used. (6) Only killed steel shall be used above 850F.

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Material Selection

Standard Class vs. Special Class

Pressure/temperature ratings are specified by ASME-ANSI B16.34 for Standard Class and Special Class. Flanged end valves are rated only as Standard Class. Welded end valves which successfully pass the non-destructive examinations required by the Standard Class (i.e. radiographic and ultrasonic tests) may be designated as Special Class. Special Class valves may be used for more severe working conditions (higher temperature or higher pressure) in the limits of the tables of the standard, for each group of materials. Intermediate pressure ratings may be considered: pressure rating and wall thickness shall be determined by linear interpolation.

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Material Standard Class ANSI B16.34 Selection

Working Pressures (psig)
150 285 260 230 200 170 140 125 110 95 80 65 50 35 20 300 740 675 655 635 600 550 535 535 505 410 270 170 105 50 400 990 900 875 845 800 730 715 710 670 550 355 230 140 70 Temp. (F) -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 Class 600 900 1,780 2,220 1,350 2,025 1,315 1,970 1,270 1,900 1,200 1,795 1,095 1,075 1,065 1,010 825 535 345 205 105 1,640 1,610 1,600 1,510 1,235 805 515 310 155 1500 3,705 3,375 3,280 3,170 2,995 2,735 2,685 2,665 2,520 2,060 1,340 860 515 260 2500 6,170 5,625 5,470 5,280 4,990 4,560 4,475 4,440 5,200 3,430 2,230 1,430 860 430 4500 11,110 10,120 9,845 9,505 8,980 8,210 8,055 7,990 7,560 6,170 4,010 2,570 1,545 770

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Material Special Class ANSI B16.34 Selection

Working Pressures (psig)
150 290 290 290 290 290 275 270 265 240 200 130 85 50 25 300 750 750 750 750 750 715 700 695 630 515 335 215 130 65 400 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 950 935 925 840 685 445 285 170 85 Temp. (F) -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 Class 600 900 1,500 2,250 1,500 2,250 1,500 2,250 1,500 2,250 1,500 2,250 1,425 1,400 1,390 1,260 1,303 670 430 260 130 2,140 2,100 2,080 1,890 1,545 1,005 645 385 195 1500 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,565 3,495 3,470 3,150 2,570 1,670 1,070 645 320 2500 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 5,940 5,825 5,780 5,250 4,285 2,785 1,785 1,070 535 4500 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 11,250 10,690 10,485 10,405 9,450 7,715 5,015 3,215 1,930 965

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Information from the Client 5 Valve Ends

Valve Ends
Valve ends are determined by the client and must be appropriate for connecting the valve to the pipe. They may be : - flanged - butt welded ends - threaded - socket welded ends - mechanical joints

limited to small size (usually 2) limited to small size (usually 2)

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Valve Ends

Flanged Ends
Client to advise of flange facing style
flat facing (FF) raised facing (RF) ring type joint (RTJ)

Main applicable standards

ASME-ANSI B16.5 MSS SP-6

2 1500 Gate after Cryo test

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Valve Ends

Butt Weld Ends

Client to advise pipe schedule number Main applicable standard
ASME ANSI B16.25

2 1500 Gate Pressure seal 3/4 600 Check

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Valve Ends

Threaded Ends
Used for small size valves usually up to 2 Main applicable standard
ANSI B1.20.1 JIS and other modified version are used in niche markets

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Valve Ends

Socket Weld Ends

Used for small size valves usually up to 2 In case of ball valves may require a nipple extension to avoid ruining of soft seat when welding to pipe Main applicable standard
ANSI B11.1 JIS, Australian standards and other modified version are used in niche markets Recently updated to increase tolerances (OD dimension larger)

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Valve Ends

Mechanical Joints
Proprietary design not covered by intl standards Client to advise supplier of mechanical joints, reference number, and to provide free issue drawing (unless differently agreed) for valve end machining.

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Valve Ends

Mechanical Joints
A mechanical joint has three components: a metal seal ring, the hubs, and a clamp assembly. The seal ring resembles a T in cross section. The clamp fits over the two hubs, and the seal ring rib ensures proper seal alignment. As the hubs are drawn together by the clamp assembly, the seal ring lips deflect against the inner sealing surfaces of the hubs.

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Valve Ends
Mechanical Joints for Offshore Applications
Main Advantages
smaller and lighter than flanged connections faster and easier make up than flanged connections maintains metal/metal seal in the most severe services, not requiring periodic re-tightening internal pressure reinforces the seal

16 2500 class