Paulus:- the law is not to be deduced from the rule but rule from law.

Rule of law is a legal magzine that suggest that governmental decision behaved by applying no legal principle and everyone should be suggestive to law even the being so no one is above law

Ulpian:- as knowledge of thing divine and human. The science of right and wrong. Austin:- the science of jurisprudence is concern with positive law with laws strictly so called..jurisprudence has nothing to do with goodness or badness of law. he further divided the subject b/w general and particular jurisprudence... Holland define jurisprudence as formal science of positive law.. positive law means actual existing law as distinguish from idol law or what the law should be... Salmond:- he defines jurisprudence as science of law.by law he meant the law of land or civil law....according to him there were 3 kinds of jurisprudence:1. Expository or systematic(present)(analatical school of juris):- excisting laws at that time with the past or present. 2. Legal history(past):- which is concern with legal system in its process of historical development 3. Science of legislation(future):- the purpose of which is to set for what the law ought to be Roscoe pound:- for him law and society were diff. Thing. Jurisprudence, ethics, sociology, politics,economics Therefore, the study of all social sciences will part of jurisprudence.

Notion and concept of law:- if jurisprudence is knowledge of law ,legal theory is an attempt to answer th e quetion what is law. Attempt to define law similqrly on law we have cocepts of consideration i.e property, rights,person etc. To be analyse and debated and applied in pratice. Coury decision do not depend on the answer to the question what is law. Hence this is only a theoratical question with no practical application rather no immidiate practical application. Yet there is neend to define law because of followong reason 1 juris. Is an investigation into legal concept." law is the basic of all legal concept" 2 question like whether international law is true law qnd whether unjust law is law. Can we answered only with reference to defination of law but the counter argumnet is that in such a case the court enquires whether their excist qny such rule as claimed with in the framework of internqtional law qnd doesn't deal with the question whay is law. Likewise its find out whether injustice ueged contravines any fundamental principal under the legal system.they don't begin by defining to find out if unjust law is law 3. Law is the basic concept of jurisprudence legal notion like posession and rights can be explored without reference to the defination of law but in the end completeness involves refrences to a defination of law

4 desire to define law What is law? It is very difficult to question the answer. The term law has variiusly define. A defination must idioly fix the boundaries and fix the limit of the terms with recision law is infact not capable of being define .it can only be explained and hence there is lot of literature on law. Several authors and jurists have attempted to give their version of the term law and for every version their is criticism or a counter argument.

Customs are those tradition which have been followed by the people from the time in memorial that custom has taken a shape of law. According to black stone custom are of two types:1.general customs 2. Local customs General custom are those which are followed by people at large Local customs are the simply governs a small class of people. According to him judges are instrument in recordings these rules of customs and for enforcing them through their decision . He says that judicial process and legislation are subordinate to customs.. According to sir hanry maina:- he defines codification as that of giving statutory recognition to existing customs and tradition. Thus custom and tradition are main source of law...... Customs have been accepted source of law these 2 reasons:1. Authoritative guides or means of justice 2. Rational expectation in continuity Legal custom are those custom which have recognized by court.... Conventional custom(usages) are according to the agreement of parties for example:- trade market contract.. local customs are applicable to locality, district or town...not geographically because sometime certain societies take their custom where they go.......