Choose the words on the answer form below which best fit the gaps in this text.

Then click on the button on the answer page next to that word. If you change your mind, you can click another button. Early European Dolls.
Dolls have ..1.. as childrens playthings for thousands of years. However, they were ..2.. manufactured as toys in large numbers in Germany in the ..3.. century. The centres of the industry were factories at Nuremberg, Augsburg, and Sonneberg. The dolls were primitive and ..4.. of wood, clay, rags, and wax. They were dressed in clothes to ..5.. German women of the time. Soon factories in England, France, Holland, and Italy, as well as Germany, began ..6.. dolls dressed in fashions ..7.. of their respective countries. Another ..8.. of doll, "lady" dolls, were extremely expensive and elegant, and were used as gifts ..9.. the aristocracy. These dolls, and the "fashion" dolls, which were later manufactured in Paris, have remained popular ..10.. since. Such dolls were often used to model the latest clothing trends and were sent from one country to another to show off the 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. FCE Use of English part 1 test1 Answer sheet A B C D
existed initially recent fabricated resemblance production clothes brand among also dolls latest adapted Soon resembled been factored fifteenth construction be as produce typical make for for things cloth suitable But fits used first fifteen fabric look like producing those breed to ever prizes then useful Early covering sported final fiveteen made appear produced famous type with until items simpler utilised When felt

latest fashions. Today they are prized collectors ..11.. By the 17th century, however, ..12.. dolls began to appear, made of cloth or leather, and these were very ..13.. as toys for both boys and girls. There were several improvements in manufacturing. Dolls heads became more realistic, and new materials were used. ..14.. in the 18th century manufacturers developed soft leather which ..15.. like human skin, and this was used in the more expensive dolls. Dolls began to look, feel, and move more like humans.

Decide which words best fit the gaps in this text, and then write one word in each space. If you change your mind, you can change what you have written. Film Review - 'Tiger claw' Twenty years ago Bruce Lee inspired a kind of film which has everywhere in the world another kung-fu film, to say that

popular

since - the kung-fu movie. Tiger claw is this one is not likely to be a classic. I don't mean

is anything particularly wrong with this movie as

a of amusement for an evening, but viewers are likely to forget about it as soon as they walk out of the cinema. The plot is rather simple - girl is kidnapped by villian, boy rescues her after a series of car chases, shootings, and, of

lots of violent hand-to-hand combat.

It all happens in Hong Kong, which is the scene for the other five kung-fu films made by director Hu Dekawu. Some of the special effects are very

good, while

are just ridiculous. If you want to

what I

mean, look for the scene just a cigarette So

the hero destroys an armoured car by using and his teeth.

you go to see this film? Well, if you like this sort of thing, you will

probably think it worth

five pounds for. If not, I suggest

you stay at home and see what is on the TV. Spielberg movie coming out next month!

your money for the new

Re-write the sentences below without changing their meaning. You must use the word given in bold without changing it in any way. You can also add up to another four words.
1. What he did next really surprised us. taken We were did next.

6.You will get everything you have ever wanted. come All your wishes

what he

2. We will never forget that experience. an That was experience.

7. Everybody thinks that Frank stole the money. of Everybody money.

the

3. Terry is the shortest member of the team. than No-one in the team

8. Did she say who the dog belonged to?. dog Did she say

was?

Terry. 9. They are going to get married next June.. planned Their

4. This is the first time anyone has done that. before

has anyone done

next June.

that. 5. I really wish that I had studied harder.. more If only

10. I haven't eaten fish since last Wednesday.. time The Wednesday.

fish was last

Look at the passage below and decide which word in each line is not necessary, or is ungrammatical. Write this word in the box in the answer section, or if the line is correct, put a check in the box instead.

Example:
0. I think everyone should have an ambition - a sort of target for to aim at. 00. And if you do suceed in your ambition, it is a really fantastic feeling. 0. 00.

1. Last year I succeeded in having an ambition which I have had for many years, 2. and I went on a safari in Africa. Ever since I was a child, I had wanted to go to 3. what the books called the "Dark Continent". By later, when I was a teenager 4. in England, it seemed as though this dream would never come to true, since I came 5. from a poor family, and it was difficult even to afford holidays by the sea. 6. But when I grew older, I went to frequent college, and later qualified as an 7. accountant. Now I have my own business, and by saving in money every year, I had 8. finally enough to take myself and my family go on the holiday of a lifetime. 9. We decided to go to Kenya, and see the animals in the magnificent Serengetti park. 10. When we arrived, it was spring in the Africa, and the park was just beginning 11. to get green. We were amazed at how many animals we could see, and how much 12. unconcerned they were about people in vehicles who managed to come quite close 13. to them and take a lot of photograph pictures. I have now several albums of 14. photographs, and I like to take them out and look at them to 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Answer sheet

remind myself 15. that dreams can become in reality. Now my wife wants to go the Far East!

The length of your answer should be between 180 and 200 words. Please write your answer in the space provided.

You have seen this advertisement in your local paper:

You know that the new building site is on the site of historic woods near your town. Write a letter to your local newspaper expressing your opinion about the destruction of these woods.

Read the article carefully. Match these chapter headings 1- 8 with the appropriate parts of the article, marked A - G, and put your answers in the boxes below. You do not need one of the chapter headings..

The Life and Work of J. Tolkein.

Many authors become masters of a particular genre of fiction. But very few can claim to have had such an effect that they virtually have created the genre for themselves. One such author is J R R Tolkein. From his prolific imagination was created not only Middle Earth; the stage for his giant fantasy The Lord of the Rings, but also a whole genre of fantasy fiction which has since become known as "sword and sorcery". Before Tolkein's work was published, fantasy was set in what was very near to the present for the authors. Also, the genre was very close to horror, and authors such as Lovell and Bram Stoker moved easily between the two. The the great American writer Edgar Allen Poe had recently brought out a work of what we would today call horror stories, but he had entitled it Tales of Mystery and Imagination, suggesting that he thought of it as fantasy. Tolkein's distinctive contribution was to create a pseudo-medieval world and to populate it with wise wizards, bold knights, and a massive cast of other characters, including dwarfs, elves, and most of the other creatures of our folk memory. He also created his own contribution, the hobbit. Hobbits were small people, who had distinctive hairy feet. They were characterised by honest common sense and rather complex social lives. In all his works, it is evidently the hobbits with whom Tolkein sympathises the most. What madeTolkein's work so compelling was that it was a perfectly realised work of fantasy. Every detail in his stories rings true. This is because Tolkein spent so much time working and thinking about Middle Earth that the actual part which we have on paper is only a fraction of his research. His later books show clearly to what extent he had created this entire world, complete with detailed maps and even the languages of the major protagonists. However, although Middle Earth is a towering work of fantasy, it has roots in reality. The Middle Earth of Tolkein is close to his own native Oxfordshire, both in the landscapeof the Shire, and above all in the reactions and behaviour of its characters. The ethos is that of prewar England, possibly because Tolkein could conceive of no other mode of behaviour, but more probably because his book can be read on many levels, and in only the most basic of the levels is the great struggle between light and darkness completely. It must be remembered that Tolkein was writing in a time when one Great War had just finished, and another was about to begin. In his book, he stresses the bravery, and endurance of the small people

Answer sheet
1. How to make fantasy seem real. 2. A new bestseller. 3. Fantasy before Tolkein 4. The Master of Middle Earth.

5. A quiet

man 6. The real Middle Earth 7. A new fantasy creature. 8. The experience of war

without whom victory is impossible. This was the lesson that Tolkein felt had to be learned from the horrors of the Great War - the desicions which shape the destiny of nations are taken by an elite group, but they are implemented by the common people of the country. Though his book brought him world-wide fame, Tolkein continued to live modestly at Oxford University, where he worked. He was a close friend of another great writer of his day, C.S. Lewis, who also taught there. However, while Lewis was more relaxed about his fame, Tolkein never really got used to it, and he was quite embarrassed by the admiration of the many tourists who came to see him.

Read the text carefully and then answer the questions opposite. Clothes
Clothing is a distinctly human artifact. Even more than the use of tools, it distinguishes humans from the other creatures on this planet. While there are other creatures which use implements to a greater or lesser degree, clothing is unique to humanity. Clothing is also uniquely human, in that it serves more than one function. The basic purpose of clothing was originally utilitarian. By putting on an artificial skin, humans were able to move into regions where they otherwise would have been unable to cope with the climate. An extreme example of this use of clothing can be seen among the Eskimos, and other people who live with extreme cold. However, clothing was not only used for protection from the elements, but has also been a means of displaying one's status and sense of style for as long as humans have had civilisation. Thus clothing also developed in countries where there is no real practical need for it, apart from the other, very human function of preserving the modesty of the wearer. Clothing tells us many things about the wearer. It can be used to indicate

Answer sheet
1. Clothes are uniquely human because they a. are artefacts b. have many different functions c. are made by tools d. are worn when they are unneccessary 2. The author thinks that a. clothing is an implement b. there is no real need for clothing in some countries c. clothes are principally for protection from the weather d. people will always wear clothes 3. Which of the following does the author NOT give as a function of clothing? a. To show how wealthy or powerful the wearer is

whether she is a member of a particular group or organisation, the most extreme example of this type of clothing being a uniform. It tells us a lot about the importance of clothing that the clothes a person was wearing have been, literally, the difference between life and death. In war, soldiers recognise friends and enemies by their uniforms. Spies may be shot if captured, but if they go about their business in the uniform of their country, they are regarded as legitimate members of that country's armed forces. Uniforms can also be less formal. Anyone who has seen a group of teenagers walking together will have noticed that their clothing conforms to the standard set by their particular group. Nor are teens the only ones who are subject to such pressures. It is a rare businessman who does not feel the need to wear a suit and tie. Most politicians also try to be neat and well-dressed. People who wish to impress others often do so by the selection of their clothes sometimes by choosing more expensive versions. This can be seen particularly in the fashion industry, where clothing by a particular designer fetches prices which are out of all proportion to the actual utilitarian value of the material. The significance of what we wear and how we wear it is, if anything, becoming more rather than less important as the cultures of the world mix and sometimes come into collision. There have been cases on holiday islands where the locals have a strict conservative tradition and have been outraged by visitors especially female visitors - who wear far less than the minimum that the locals consider decent. The humble headscarf has become a symbol of conformism to religious values, and some westerners are as affronted by a woman wearing one as others in the middle east are upset by

b. To show the wearer's taste c. To adjust our microenvironment d. To avoid indecency 4. According to the article, uniforms a. are mainly worn by soldiers b. have many functions c. show membership of a group d. are alwas worn by teenagers 5. The author suggests that fashion in clothing a. is ridiculous b. is a part of its social function c. is used to show membership of a group d. makes clothes too expensive 6. Teenagers wear very similar clothing to their friends a. because they have the same climate b. to avoid looking different from the others c. because of sexual taboos of undress d. to display their status and style 7. In future clothing will ... a. be worn by other species

its absence. (Yet in medieval Europe, both men and women habitually kept their heads covered in public, and almost always when outdoors.) Indeed, the signals given by clothing as worn by men and women has not decreased because many women now wear what were once "men's" garments. For example today most women are very comfortable wearing jeans. Yet the sight of a man in a dress would raise eyebrows in most western cultures. For even though the signals given by clothing change over time - the ancient Romans thought that only barbarians wore trousers - the signals themselves are as strong as ever. It is impossible not to signal something about yourself in the clothes you wear, for even not trying to say anything is itself a strong signal. Therefore, even though we are steadily managing to adjust our microenvironments to temperatures which are as close to ideal as the human body wants, and even though sexual taboos of undress are being steadily eroded, it is highly unlikely the there will be no use for clothing in our future, unless humanity evolves into a completely new species.

b. be less needed for its original function c. be steadily eroded d. become ideal for the needs of the human body 8. What might be a suitable title for the article? a. The function of clothing. b. Clothing as fashion. c. The future of clothes d. The story of clothes.

Read this text and the paragraphs opposite. Decide where the paragraphs go in the text, and put the correct number next to each. e.g. (X) the paragraphs opposite.

. You do not need two of

Alexandria
(A) Alexandria is a seaport in northern Egypt, where the delta of the river Nile meets the Mediterranean. The modern city is mainly on a peninsula and includes Pharos, where the famous lighthouse stood in ancient times. The part of the city on the peninsula today is a characteristically

1. Gradually, however, the city lost its prosperity. A Jewish revolt let to the removal of the Jewish population and the destruction of a large portion of the city. The Roman emperor Caracalla ordered a massacre of the male inhabitants of the entire city for plotting rebellion.

Egyptian town. (B) The city was founded in 332 BC by Alexander the Great, who planned it as one of the finest ports of the ancient world. His city was large and magnificent. In Alexandria the different peoples of the ancient Mediterranean lived together. (C) After the defeat of Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, the city came under the rule of Rome. Its position made it the centre of commerce between East and West, and fleets of grain ships sailed from Alexandria to Italy year after year. (D) Later the decline of the city almost became ruin, when the Muslims captured it twice in a hundred years. The city deteriorated further after the opening of the sea route around the Cape of Africa to India. (E) At the end of the eighteenth century, Alexandria was captured and held by Napoleon. The French occupation lasted from 1798 to 1801, when the British destroyed the French fleet in the battle of the Nile. (F) In the last hundred years, Alexandria has been Egypts gateway to the outside world. The strong European feel of much of the city has combined with the native Egyptian culture to produce a unique atmosphere, wonderfully captured by the writer Lawrence Durrell in hisAlexandrian Quintet.

2. In fact, the city has long had an association with books, and the famous lost library of Alexandria was one of the great monuments of the ancient world. Today the city is working to build another library, which they hope will be as great. 3. The burning of the Great Library of Alexandria, with its priceless manuscripts, is regarded as one of the great acts of vandalism in history. 4. Until this time, the businessman of the city had made much of their money be arranging for goods to be brought across the Sinai peninsula and then shipped on to Europe from Alexandria. 5. The more European area is on the mainland. Alexandria is a commercial centre and there are many warehouses for cotton, grain, sugar, and wool. The population is between three and four million 6. Here, the Jews came into contact with Greek learning, which profoundly influenced the later religious thought of the world. Under the Ptolemies, the rulers of Egypt after Alexander, the city became the scientific centre of the ancient world. 7. The city of Cairo was smaller than Alexandria for most of its existence, but it was chosen as capital partly because of its more central location. 8. But for a few years teams of scientists and engineers came to examine the pyramids and other ancient works. Many Egyptian antiquities came through Alexandria to Europe, where that continent acquired a fascination with Egyptology which has continued ever since.