Chapter 9: Rizals Grand Tour in Europe with Maximo Viola Dresden Rizal visited Dr. Adolf B.

. Meyer He was impressed by the painting of Prometheus Bound. He met Dr. Feodor Jagor at the Floral Exposition . He sent telegraph to Blumentritt. Leitmeritz May 13, 1887 arrived at the railroad station. Blumentritt brought a pencil sketch of Rizal. May 13 to 16 stayed at Hotel Krebs. Rizal enjoyed the warm hospitality of the Blumenttrit family. He impressed the Burgomaster for learning German language in 11 months. He met Dr. Carlos Czepelak, polish scholar and Prof. Robert Klutschak, eminent naturalist. Prague Rizal met Dr. Willkomm, professor of natural history in the University of Prague. He visited the tomb of Copernicus, museum of natural history, bacteriological laboratories, and famous cave (San Juan Nepomunceno). He went in Brunn. Vienna (Capital of Austria) Queen of Danube May 20, 1887 Rizal was fascinated with the beautiful buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes and mystic charm. He met Norfenfals, one of the greatest novelists in Europe. He stayed at Hotel Metropole. He met Masner and Nordmann (good friends of Blumentritt) May 24 he left Vienna on river boat to see the beautiful sights of Danube River. He was impressed with the use of paper napkins during meal. Lintz to Rheinfall Lintz Salzburg Munich (famous beer) Nuremberg (horrible torture machine & doll manufacturing) Ulm (largest & tallest cathedral) Stuttgart

Geneva Linguist speaking people (French, German, and Italian). June 19, 1887 26th birthday of Rizal. June 23 Viola returned to Barcelona and Rizal continued his tour in Italy. Rizal learned to Blumentritt (letter, June 6) the degradation of the Igorots in Madrid. Italy y Turin y Venice y Florence y Milan June 27, 1887 he reached Rome and saw the Capitolium, Tarpeian Rock, Palatinum, Forum Romanum and Amphitheater. June 29, visited Vatican (City of Popes) and impressed with the magnificent edifices building and the St. Peters Church. Chapter 10: First Homecoming (1887 1888) First Homecoming (1887 1888) 1887 (August) Rizal returned in the Philippines after five years sojourn in Europe. Paciano, Silvestre Ubaldo, and Jose M. Cecilio warned Rizal not to return home because Nolis publication challenge the Spanish friars.

Calamba : Happy Homecoming August 8,1887 plentiful tears of joy of homecoming. Paciano accompanied Rizal for his safety. He established medical clinic (P900 P5000). He was known as Dr. Uliman (Aleman) His mother was his first patient. He opened gymnasium (introduce fencing and shooting to the youth). He took part in the towns civic affair. He painted several landscapes and translated the Von Wildernaths poems.

Rizals Reasons for Returning Home Serve the oppressed people. Query on the effects of Noli Me Tangere to the Filipinos and Spaniards. Inquire about Leonor Rivera for remaining silence. July 3, 1887 Rizal boarded the steamer, Djemnah. Rizal acted as interpreter, played chess, and engaged in lively conversation. July 30, 1887 he transferred to steamer, Haiphong going to Saigon. August 2, 1887 he left Saigon going Manila. August 5, 1887 he arrived in Manila.

Manila

Storm Over Noli Me Tangere Rizal went in Malacanan Palace to disprove the subversive ideas of Noli to Governor General. Rizal asked a copy of Noli to Fr. Francisco Sanchez, Jose Bech, and Fr. Federico Faura(ventured an opinion that every thing in it was the truth, but added; You may lose your head for it). Governor General Emilio Terrero (Malacanan Palace) - liberal minded executive, who assigned lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as bodyguard of Rizal (jeopardy). Msgr. Pedro Payo sent the copy of Noli to Fr. Rector Gregorio Echavarria (UST) for examination. Fr. Rectors Examination : 1. Heretical, against church belief. 2. Impious and scandalous in the religious order. 3. Anti-patriotic, subversive of public order 4. Injurious to the government of Spain (political order in the Philippines) December 29, 1887 Fr. Salvador Font, Augustinian curate of Tondo and head of Permanent Commission of Censorship (PCC) found Noli to contain subversive ideas against the church and Spain. Fr. Font recommended the prohibition of its importation, reproduction, and circulation. The banning of Noli raised its cost from 5 pesetas to 250 pesetas (Fernando Canon).

Fr. Jose Rodriguez : Cuestiones de Sumo Interes Fr. Rodriguez, Prior of Guadalupe, published the Cuestiones de Sumo Interes to blast Noli and other antiSpanish writings. Cuestiones de Sumo Interes composed of 8 pamphlets: 1. Porque no los he de leer? (Why should I not read them?) 2. Guardanos de ellos. Porque? (Beware of them. Why?) 3. Y que me dice usted de la peste? (And what can you tell me of plaque?) 4. Porque triufan los impios? (Why do the impious triumph?) 5. Cree usted que de veras no hay pugatorio? (Why do you think there is really no purgatory?) 6. Hay o no hay infierno? (Is there or is there no hell?) 7. Que le parece a usted de esos libelos? (Why do you think of these libels?) 8. Confesion o condenacion? (Confession or Damnation?). Spain : Spanish Cortes Discredited Noli 1 April 1888 General Jose de Salamanca 12 April 1888 General Luis M. De Pando 11 June 1888 Sr. Fernando Vida January 1890 Vicente Barrantes (Spanish Academician of Madrid), bitterly criticized Noli in an article, La Espana Moderna. Defender of Noli Me Tangere Marcelo H. del Pilar Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor Graciano Lopez Jaena Mariano Ponce Fr. Francisco Sanchez Don Segismundo Moret Dr. Miguel Morayta Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt Fr. Vicente Garcia Defended Noli Theologian of Manila Cathedral Translator of Thomas Kempis Imitation of Christ. 18 July 1888 (Singapore) Justo Desiderio Maglaang (penname). Rizal cannot be an ignorant man, as Fr. Rodriguez alleged, because he was a graduate of Spanish universities and was a recipient of scholastic honors. Rizal does not attack the church and Spain, as Fr. Rodriguez claimed,

because what Rizal attacked in the Noli were the bad Spanish officials and not Spain, and the bad and corrupt friars and not the church. Father Rodriguez said that those who read the Noli commit a mortal sin; since Fr. Rodriguez had read the novel, therefore he also commits a mortal sin.

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He could fight better his enemies and serve his countrys cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.

A Poem from Lipa: Himno Al Trabajo Chorus: For our country in war, For our country in peace The Filipino will be ready, While he lives and when he dies. Men: As soon as the East is tinted with light Forth to the fields to plow the loam! Since it is work that sustains the man, The motherland, family and the home. Hard though the soil may prove to be, Implacable the sun above, For motherland, our wives and babes, Twill be easy with our love. Wives: Courageously set out to work. Your home is safe with a faithful wife Implanting in her children, love For wisdom, land, and virtuous life. When nightfall brings us to our rest, May smiling fortune guard our door; But if cruel fate should harm her man, The wife would toil on as before. Girls: Hail! Hail! Give praise to work! The countrys vigour and her wealth; For work lift up your brow serene It is your blood, your life, your health. If any youth protest his love His work shall prove if he be good. That man alone who strives and toils Can find the way to feed his brood. Boys: Teach us then the hardest tasks For down thy trails we turn our feet That when our country calls tomorrow Thy purposes we may complete. And may our elders say, who see us. See! How worthy of their sires! No incense can exalt our dead ones Like a brave son who aspires!

Calambas Agrarian Trouble Governor General Terrero ordered a government investigation of the friar estates (land taxes and tenant relationship). December 30, 1887 the Civil Governor of Laguna made an investigation about the agrarian condition of the localities. Rizal studied the agrarian problem in Calamba and wrote down his findings:

Rizals Findings on the Agrarian Problem of Calamba 1) The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands around Calamba, but also the town of Calamba. The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because of the arbitrary increase of the rentals paid by the tenants. The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the town fiesta, for the education of the children, and for the improvement of agriculture. Tenants who had spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of said lands for flimsy reasons. High rates of interest were charged the tenants for delayed payment of rentals, and when the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated their carabaos, tools, and homes.

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Adios Mi Amore Calamba Friars exerted pressure to Malacanan Palace to eliminate or deport Rizal. Rizal parents received anonymous threats. Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba for 2 reasons: 1) Jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends.