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Definition
Instrumentation
is the science and technology of complete measurement systems with which physical quantities are measured so as to obtain data which can be transmitted to recording and display devices.
Industrial Instrumentation
The application of Instruments to a process for monitoring or measuring its activity to direct or control it.
Measurable Quantity
Possibility of math operation ( +, - , * , / ) Notion of ratio Notion of measure Other Quantity Unit Quantity
measure of that quantity State 1 of the Quantity State 2 of the Quantity Measure 1 Measure 2
Basic Measurands
Mechanical Quantities
Thermal Quantities Magnetic Quantities Electrical Quantities Optical Quantities Molecular Quantities
Spring Balance
Always Uses horizontal position (null point) to establish the weight Beam Balance
http://www-lmt.phast.umass.edu/ins/continuum/bolometer-gallery.html
LMT/GTM Instrumentation
Sensor/Transducer Measurands
Input Mechanical Output Mechanical Balance Thermal Magnetic Electric Calorimeter Magneto Elastic Resistive Inductive Capacitive Photo electric Interferometer Ultrasonic
Thermal
Magnetic
Electric
Polarography Photo Electric potentiometry Photo Resistive Electric field Lenses Photographic emulsions spectroscopy chemical indicators
Optic Molecular
Pyranometer Faraday Cell Laser Thermal Dye Paramagnetic Electrolytic Oxygen Cell Cell
Measurement System
Measurand - is the physical quantity to be measured Transducer -converts the physical quantity of one form of energy to another form of energy (usable form) Transmission channel - path over which the signal is conveyed Signal Processing - process of extracting the information form a signal
Filtering
Bourdon Gauge
Spring Force Balance Rotary Amplifier Sensor Transmission Link Rotary Converter
Ellipsometer
Trends
Silicon Technology Based Sensors Instrumentation Networks Virtual Instruments Distributed Control Systems Icon Based v.s. Script Based Programming OLE for Process Control (OPC) System on Chip (SOC)
Need Still Higher Efficiency? LOOK TO INSTRUMENTATION Continuous operation and automation - the keys to productivity in chemical process plants. Plants have had to be made not just efficient but competitive -- and not just domestically but worldwide.
Responding to the challenge, engineers have revamped plants wholesale, by replacing processing equipment by upgrading process instrumentation Newer, better instruments have become critical for higher levels of Productivity, Quantity, Quality, and Optimality to meet demands as tighter safety to meet environmental regulations.
To boost operating efficiency in process plants, manufacturers have come up with new and improved sensors, controllers, process computers, distributed controllers, data-acquisition-and-handling systems, tools for enhancing process control
Maintenance costs.
The modular architecture allows users: to purchase the functionality just needed to address current needs, to later integrate additional hardware and software, to build up to a plant-wide management and information systems.