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Compartment Question Respiratory: 1 Long-acting agonist used for prophylaxis of asthma Respiratory:

Answer Salmeterol [This agent works for 12 hours or more; it may cause tremors and arrhythmias]

Side 3

Ipratropium 1 Aerosolized antimuscarinic agent, used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma Respiratory: Albuterol 1 Prototypic adrenergic agonist, available as an inhaler, used for the management of bronchospasm in asthmatics Respiratory: 1 -adrenergic antagonists used in the treatment of hypertension for patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and smokers Autonomics: 1 Prototypic agonist used for the treatment of both acute heart failure and acute asthma [Other selective agonists include metaproterenol, terbutaline, and salmeterol] Acebutolol Atenolol Metoprolol [Selective blockers that decrease blood pressure, with no bronchoconstriction at low doses] Isoproterenol [This agent has equivalent afnities for and receptors; the activity causes an increase in cardiac contractility and increased heart rate, resulting in increased stroke volume and cardiac output; the activity induces bronchodilation.] Epinephrine Autonomics: 1 Adrenergic agonist used for acute asthma, anaphylactic shock, open-angle glaucoma, and cardiac resuscitation Drugs of Abuse: 1 Overdose causes constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness, and respiratory depression with possible coma and death Antimicrobials: 1 Administered as an aerosol, this drug is used for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection Toxicology: 1 Anticholinesterases used as insecticides and as possible agents of chemical warfare, inducing motor paralysis, respiratory depression, and convulsions Cancer: 1 Glucocorticoid used for the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas, as well as for rheumatoid arthritis and asthma [Adrenergic agonist with afnity for , , , and receptors. At low concentrations the effects of the receptors predominate. receptors cause vasodilation with decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) and decreased diastolic pressure. At higher concentrations, receptors lead to increased cardiac contractility and increased heart rate.] Opioids (Heroin/Morphine/Meperidine/Fentanyl) [Modulate synaptic transmission by binding mu (morphine), delta (enkephalin), and kappa (dynorphin) receptors] Ribavirin [Guanosine analog that inhibits formation, the capping of viral mRNA, and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity; also used for the management of viral hemorrhagic fevers and hepatitis C infection] Organophosphates (Isourophate/Echothiophate/Parathion) [Antidote includes the use of atropine and acetylcholinesterase regenerators, such as pralidoxime] Prednisone [Triggers apoptosis and can lead to hypercortisolism with Cushing-like symptoms. Drug must be tapered gradually to prevent life-threatening adrenal insufciency.] [Not as effective as agonists; dry mouth is a major side effect]

Cardiovascular: Amiodarone 1 Long-acting class II antiarrhythmic associated with pulmonary brosis, thyroid dysfunction, and corneal microdeposits Autonomics: 1 Propanolol Prototypical antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, glaucoma, migraines, and [Nonselective and blocker, not to be used in patients with chronic obstructive angina; as prophylaxis for myocardial infarctions; pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, due to signicant bronchoconstriction.] and at low doses to prevent performance anxiety Respiratory: 1 Used in the treatment of asthma, selectively inhibiting leukotriene synthesis Respiratory: 1 A methylxanthine used in the treatment of asthma for its bronchodilatory effects Respiratory: 1 Nonsedating antihistaminics used for the treatment of allergy Respiratory: 1 Antihistaminics used for the treatment of allergic conditions (e.g., hay fever, urticaria, atopy), as well as for the treatment of motion sickness Respiratory: 1 Opioid agonist available in many over-thecounter cough syrups Respiratory: 1 Zileutin [Leukotrienes can also be inhibited by the LTD4 and LTE4 antagonists zarlukast and montelukast] Theophylline [Inhibits phosphodiesterase, thereby inhibiting the degradation of cAMP to AMP; other methylxanthines include caffeine and theobromine found in cocoa] Fexofenadine Loratadine [These second-generation antihistaminics do not readily enter the CNS, preventing sedation] Diphenhydramine Chlorpheniramine [Inhibit the binding of histamine to H1 receptors; such as older agents have anticholinergic effects, contributing to sedative side effects] Dextromethorphan [Antitussive agent that depresses the cough center in the medulla; unlike dextromethorphan, codeine provides analgesia and has a higher abuse potential] Cromolyn Sodium [This agent also blocks sodium channels, such as the class IA antiarrhythmics]

Stabilizes mast cell and basophil membranes, [Used for prophylaxis only, not for the treatment of acute asthma attacks] preventing the release of histamine in asthmatics Respiratory: Beclomethasone [Beclomethasone and a related agent, budesonide, have very short half-lives in the bloodstream, and therefore cause less systemic effects than other glucocorticoids] Sucralfate

Synthetic glucocorticoid that readily penetrates the airway mucosa; used in the management of asthma Gastrointestinal:

Used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, because it [Requires an acidic environment to polymerize, and therefore, cannot be used in the polymerizes and selectively coats necrotic presence of antacids or H2 blockers] ulcerated tissue
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