LIN Bus: The Local Interconncet Network(LIN) is an another vehicle bus standard and also computer network bus-system

too.It is used in current automobile technology.It provides to communicate between intelligent sensors and actuators serrially.It is designed by a LIN-Consortium in 1999. The consortium members are mainly European cars constructors : Audi AG, BMW AG, Daimler Chrysler AG, Volkswagen AG, Volvo Cars Corporation AB, Motorola and Volcano Communications Technologies. LIN bus can be integrated another buses as CAN to reduce cost because it is small and slow by this way is cheaper.The figure1 and figure2 shows where we used LIN Buses and connects CAN Bus.LIN is a sub-system bus means if CAN was a hand, LIN would be its fingers.

Figure 1 (LIN connection with CAN)

Figure 2(Lin application area on a car)

LIN Main Features: *Low cost single-wire implementation (enhanced ISO 9141)(using one wire) *Speed up to 20Kbit/s (limited for EMI-reasons) *Single Master / Multiple Slave Concept Single master, up to 16 slaves(No arbitration necessary) *configuration flexibilitiy *Low cost silicon implementation based on common UART/SCI interface hardware * Almost any Microcontroller has necessary hardware on chip *Self synchronization without crystal or ceramics resonator in the slave nodes * Significant cost reduction of hardware platform * Guaranteed latency times for signal transmission *Operating at 12V Example of LIN implementation: Up to 16 ECU may be connected to A LIN bus has 40m length.

implemention of LIN with CAN bus is below

Advantages of A LIN Bus: Easy to use, Components available Cheaper than CAN and other communications buses Harness reduction More reliable vehicles Extension easy to implement.

As protocol LIN Bus: Master knows the transmitted data's sequential order and sends the request to slaves by header. Messaging in LIN Bus: A message includes some field are: *synchronization break *sync byte *ID byte *Checksum byte

figure shows a message'fields SYNC Break: Measuring the low phase duration and a databyte length,then compare them.When low phase duration is higher,it works. SYNC Byte: is sent only by the master for slave self-sync.Slave self-sync beyond boudrate system. ID Byte: The identifier byte shows the length of the data and containt.16( message)x4(group)=64 identifier ID [0...3] = message number ID [4...5] = data length see the table of ID4 and ID5 ID 4 ID5 Data length 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes

1 1 8 bytes P[0..1]=parity bits P0 even,P1 odd parity computed on the id bits only. Data Byte: ID5 and ID6 specify the data length from the id field and it can be 2,4 or more bytes.Data can be transmitted by slave or master.

Checksum byte: CRC is computed only data field.The value of CRC sum 256.The carry of the previous one,adds the new LSB.

ERROR DETECTION: If error occurs are not sent to LIN,is managed by ECU 1)Master error detection:Master detects a)During transmissin: i)bit error ii)identifier parity error b)during reception: i)checksum errors ii)no slave answer 2)Slave error detection:slave has to monitor the following error a)during transmission: i)bit error b)during reception:when receiving,slave has to detect; *id parity errors *CRC errors *no slave answer *bad sync frame References: In this atricle,some websites and pdf are took referenced. http://rs-rey.pagesperso-orange.fr/electronic_ressources/Ressources/Networks/LIN/LIN.htm http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_LIN_Bus.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network