Introduction

It is the production of patterns and designs on textile materials. It is a branch of dyeing, defined as localized dyeing.

The color applied is in the form of a thick paste containing the dye in a concentrated form.
Fixation of color by suitable after treatment.

 Color is applied in localized areas. Allows for great design flexibility.

Clear-cut edges in design por tion.

Cheapest method of ornamentation. Popular for the beautiful effects it produces. Can cover up yarn or fabric defects.

Difference between Printing and Dyeing

Examine outline of design. In printed fabric outlines are sharply defined on the right side. The design seldom penetrates to the wrong side.

Uneven color on the yarns.

Styles of Printing
Involves mechanical and chemical operations. Manner in which the printed effect is produced. Three styles of printing.

Styles of Printing
DIRECT DISCHARGE RESIST
DIRECT
BLOCK ROLLER

DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE

RESIST
STENCIL ROTARY SCREEN FLAT SCREEN BATIK TIE-DYE

Direct Style
Also called steam style. Most common approach. Color is directly applied in the form of paste. Color is fixed by steaming or curing. Dyestuffs, mordants, vegetable colors and also pigments can be applied to the fabric in direct style. Effects produced by Damask, printing, foam, bubble and flock are all obtained by direct style.

Discharge Style
Fabric is first dyed fully. Then printed with paste(discharging agent) that will destroy color in designed areas. Sometimes another color is applied in place of base color sometimes its left white. Then fur ther treated( steamed, washed) Example: polka dots

Resist Style
Resisting agent is applied to the fabric before it undergoes dyeing. The resisting agents may be mechanical or chemical or both. Durability of fabric is not affected by this style.

Methods of Printing
Block Printing

Roller Printing

Screen Printing

Hand Screen Printing

Flat Screen Printing

Rotary Screen Printing

Stencil Printing

Stencil Printing

Transfer Printing

Ingredients of Print Paste

Dyestuff or Pigments Acid on Silk, Disperse dye for polyester. Solvents Tetralene, Decalene, Ethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol. Solution Salt B, Solution Salt SB prevent oxidiation. Hydroscopic Agents Urea, Glycerin Wetting Agents Turkey Red Oil, Monopol Brilliant Oil

 Defoaming Agents or Defoamers Perminal KB of ICI, Emulsified pine oil, Silicones. Mild Oxidising Agents Sodium Chlorate : Polyster Prints, Resist Salt L, Albatex BD, Ludigol. Acids and Alkalies Citric acid and Tar taric acid, Phosphoric acid. Carriers Benzyl alcohol, Tumescol OP, Dilatin B Miscellaneous Cellulose ethers and esters.

 Thickeners Starches and gums, Sodium Alginate, Emulsion thickeners.

Oxidizing Agents Sodium Dichromate : Indigo, Chlorates, Nitrates, Sodium Bromate. Reducing Agents Sodium Hydrosulphite, Sodium Bisulphite, Tin Salts.
Catalysts Potassium Ferrocyanide, Copper Sulphide, Ammonium Vanadate

Thank You
Insiya Shilpa Susmitha