Connecting

with Kids
JPA course curriculum
Division A
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You mIght notIce that she
turns on a floodlIght poIntIng
dIrectly at your car. You
mIght notIce that she appears
to just sIt In her squad car for
a few mInutes. Why does she
do these thIngs: s It just to freak you out: 0oes anyone
have any theorIes:

SometImes, polIce offIcers can seem
IntImIdatIng. f you're In a car that's
been pulled over, It can almost seem
lIke the offIcer Is makIng you waIt,
just to make you nervous. 8ut there
are specIfIc reasons for every polIce
procedure, and the more you know
about the why and how of these
procedures, the less IntImIdatIng
polIce offIcers wIll seem. After
learnIng about why polIce offIcers do
what they do, the next tIme you're
In a car that gets pulled over, you
can be the one stayIng cool and calm
whIle everyone else gets nervous.

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n the JunIor PolIce Academy you wIll learn the
procedures used by law enforcement offIcers and the
reasons behInd those procedures.

Few cItIzens truly understand what polIce offIcers do and
why they do It. Even less understand the vItal role that
law enforcement plays In a communIty. 8y takIng the
mystery out of law enforcement procedures and polIcIes,
we hope to change young people's attItudes toward polIce
and theIr role In
socIety.
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what they do! If you've
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[TEXT N 8LUE APPEAFS DNLY N NSTFUCTDF'S CU0E TD HAN0DUT.]

FIrst, tell the cadets what It Is lIke to be a polIce offIcer.

FDF NSTANCE: ThIs Is a unIque professIon. Yes, there can be a lot of actIon and
drama, but there's also a lot of drudgery and monotony. f all you're lookIng for Is
glamour and excItement, you'll soon become bored.
8ut a polIce career doesn't have to be that way. t
won't be If you approach your job wIth a proper per
spectIve and are doIng It for the rIght reasons.

Yes, there Is satIsfactIon In solvIng a mystery or catch
Ing a crImInal. 8ut the basIc reason for beIng a cop Is
that you can make your communIty a better place In
whIch to lIve. You can't change the world, but you can
make a dIfference In your lIttle part of It.
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SD WHAT S JPA:
0Iscuss wIth the cadets the mIssIon of the program.
Ask the cadets why It Is Important that cItIzens under
stand the role of law enforcement offIcers.

Dn the fIrst day of class, be sure to refer to the stu
dents as cadets. |ake the class seem lIke an academy,
In every way possIble.


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JunIor PolIce Academy motIvates young people to be outstandIng cItIzens through
law enforcement educatIon.

An extensIon of communIty polIcIng, JPA transforms the tradItIonal role of the polIce
offIcer Into one of mentor and frIend. At the same tIme, It encourages our young
cItIzens to be partners, not adversarIes, In buIldIng safer schools and communItIes.

Young people do not understand what polIce offIcers do and why they do It. They
don't understand the role of law enforcement In a communIty, observes DffIcer
|Itchell CarcIa of the Houston PolIce 0epartment. 8ut when we take the mystery
out of law enforcement procedures and polIcIes young people's attItudes toward
polIce and theIr role In socIety are transformed

The JunIor PolIce Academy provIdes a forum where AmerIca's law enforcement
veterans can act as mentors to our young people!

O Cadet Handbooks
Next you're goIng to explaIn how the Handbooks wIll serve as a resource for the
cadets to revIew before a quIz or test. You also reserve the optIon of collectIng
the Handbooks on a regular basIs for one of the course grades.

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PrecIsIon and attentIon to detaIl Is essentIal to be a good polIce offIcer.
Cadets wIll practIce these attrIbutes by keepIng theIr own Handbook. ThIs wIll be a
general use notebook where cadets wIll:

Take notes on lessons
Takes notes on vIdeos and vIsItIng speakers
FIle artIcles from the Current Events 8eat
Fecord the vocabulary words and defInItIons!

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Cadets are encouraged to log on to the JunIor PolIce Academy's websIte for the latest
news on the program's actIvItIes and an extensIve Inventory of
educatIonal materIals.

Dur "Cadet Central" sectIon Is wrItten specIfIcally for young people
enrolled In the program. There you wIll fInd a wealth of InformatIon
regardIng law enforcement.

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0urIng the followIng weeks you wIll actually
experIence what It Is lIke to go through a polIce
academy. Although thIs academy Is not nearly as
comprehensIve or demandIng as a real academy,
you wIll learn many of the same skIlls a polIce
offIcer must learn. And whIle you wIll not
graduate as polIce offIcers, you wll graduate,
wIth full honors, as JunIor PolIce Cadets
InstIlled wIth an apprecIatIon and respect for
law enforcement offIcers and theIr role In socIety.
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Upon completIng the program, JunIor PolIce Academy Cadets are
presented wIth a "CertIfIcate of AchIevement."

8ut just what does a JunIor PolIce Academy educatIon mean: What dIstInguIshes a JPA Cadet from
other students:


x A graduatIng Cadet Is not ready to patrol the streets.but they do apprecIate the commItment and
dedIcatIon and courage a law enforcement offIcer needs to walk the streets each day.

x ProfIcIency wIth fIrearms Is not part of a Cadet's traInIng.but they do understand why It Is necessary for
polIce offIcers to carry weapons.

x Cadets have not known the stress and uncertaInty of stoppIng a speedIng motorIst on a lonely hIghway at
two o'clock In the mornIng.but they do understand why nononsense, bythebook traffIc stops are not
mere theatrIcs, but a law enforcement offIcer's protocol for stayIng alIve.

x Cadets cannot cIte case law wIth the skIll of a lawyer.but they do recognIze the value of a precIse penal
code, applIed justly and faIrly to all.

x Though cadets have not consoled a chIld at the sIte of a horrIfIc traffIc accIdent.they have refIned theIr
defInItIon of a law enforcement offIcer to Include peacemaker and lIfelIne to those In perIl.

x JPA Cadets have not experIenced the agony of losIng a fellow offIcer In the lIneofduty..but they do
respect and honor the sacrIfIces law enforcement demands of every offIcer.

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Conclude the fIrst day by askIng the cadets to lIst words or phrases that
they thInk characterIze law enforcement offIcers.

WrIte the cadets' suggestIons on the board. 0Iscuss whether the job
of law enforcement Is easy or hard, and how the cadets formed theIr
opInIons.


x Ask cadets whether they have changed theIr Ideas about law
enforcement offIcIals.

x Ask them to add to theIr lIst of polIce descrIptIons, any new words or
phrases InspIred by the vIdeo (wrIte the addItIons In a dIfferent color
chalk, If possIble.)

x Let the class dIscuss what they thInk the educatIonal skIlls and
requIrements of a polIce offIcer should be.

x 0Iscuss what qualItIes each cadet would have to develop before
wearIng a badge.

WhIle the program does not produce a sIngle lIcensed law enforcement
offIcer...the JunIor PolIce Academy does graduate tomorrow's cItIzens,
supplyIng each wIth a rIch understandIng of a law enforcement offIcer's
role In socIety.
1. What Is JPA:
2. What Is the JPA websIte:
J. What dIstInguIshes a JPA cadet from other students:
4. What Is the mIssIon of the JPA:
5. LIst two attrIbutes essentIal to be a good polIce offIcer.
JPA AdvIsory CouncIl member, DffIcer
John Clapp and hIs WhIte Settlement,
Texas JPA Cadets.
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Law enforcement has a long
hIstory and goes all the way
back to the earlIest human
cIvIlIzatIons. The fIrst
recorded polIce organIzatIon operated In Egypt durIng the
reIgn of Pharoah Hur |oheb, around 1J40 8C. That's over
J000 years ago! They patrolled the NIle FIver wIth
boats. t's a long way from boats on the NIle to
squad cars on the freeway - how dId we get to
where we are now:

The fIrst organIzed and proactIve polIce force was
formed on September 29, 1829.

SIr Fobert Peel restructured the varIous magIstrate
forces, IncludIng horse and day and nIght patrols
Into a unIfIed |etropolItan PolIce In London,
England. TheIr headquarters were establIshed at 4
WhItehall Place. There was a rear door the offIcers
commonly used and It opened onto Scotland Yard;
hence, the force came to be called Scotland Yard.

8y the way, CDP Is not an acronym for constable on
Patrol. The term actually stems from the slang word
cop, meanIng to grab or catch. t fIrst appeared
around 1700. t's stIll used today, as In cop a plea or
cop out. The word polIce comes from the Creek
polIs meanIng cIty.









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DrIgIns of AmerIcan polIcIng are traced to early EnglIsh socIety. 8efore the
Norman Conquest of England, protectIon of lIfe and property was a self
performed functIon. A pledge system was used whereIn each person In a
vIllage pledged to protect the vIllage agaInst thIeves and marauders.
ndIvIduals were expected to warn others of trouble and to pursue suspected
crImInals.

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FamIlIes banded together for selfprotectIon. A group of ten famIlIes was
called a tIthIng. Each group of ten tIthIngs was supervIsed by a Constable.
The constable can be consIdered the fIrst real polIce offIcer. Constables
dealt wIth serIous breaches of law.

The ShIre Feeve (later translated Into SherIff) supervIsed shIres, sImIlar to
modern countIes. The ShIre Feeve was appoInted by the KIng, Queen, or
local landowner to supervIse and maIntaIn order In the terrItory.

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The watch system, created In the 1Jth century, was more formal than the
pledge system. t employed watchmen to protect property agaInst fIre and
robbery. The local constables supervIsed these watchmen. The watch system
was In place for about 500 years In England.

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Two major developments In the 18th century changed the way the polIce
were organIzed.

1) CItIes Crew: The ndustrIal revolutIon lured the masses to the cItIes for
employment.

2) nventIon of CIn: 8efore the 17th century most people In England drank
only beer and wIne because the only hard lIquor avaIlable to them, brandy,
was much too expensIve. WIth the InventIon of gIn, cheap hard lIquor was
avaIlable to the EnglIsh masses. The EnglIsh government encouraged the
manufacture of gIn as a way to deal wIth graIn surpluses. ConsumptIon of
alcohol doubled In England between 1727 and 174J and wIth thIs Increase
came wIdespread publIc drunkenness and vIolence.

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FecognIzed as the world's fIrst organIzed polIce force, the |etropolItan
PolIce of London was organIzed by SIr Fobert Peel, England's Home
Secretary. Composed of over 1,000 offIcers, or "8obbIes", It was the fIrst
force to be under a mIlItary command structure, as well as the fIrst to have
specIal unIforms.

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Law enforcement In colonIal AmerIca was sImIlar to that In England. The
county SherIff was the prImary law enforcement agent. He was paId by the
fee system a fIxed amount for every arrest made. He InvestIgated cItIzen
complaInts, ran the jaIl and collected taxes. The town |arshall polIced
urban areas.

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|odern AmerIcan polIce departments were fIrst created In the
19th century.

x 18J8 fIrst polIce force created In 8oston
x 1844 New York PolIce 0epartment created
x 1856 PhIladelphIa PolIce 0epartment created

Local polItIcs and polItIcIans often controlled these early urban
polIce departments by determInIng who was hIred and who was
promoted. CettIng hIred and gettIng promoted was more a
questIon of who you knew rather than what you knew. Early
AmerIcan polIce work was prImItIve In nature. |ost offIcers
patrolled on foot. 8ecause there was lIttle formal traInIng or
supervIsIon, corruptIon and brutalIty were common.

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PolIcIng became more technologIcally sophIstIcated around the
turn of the century. PolIce unIforms were fIrst Introduced In 185J
fInally polIce could be IdentIfIed as polIce.

1. The fIrst telegraph polIce boxes were Installed In 1867
fInally polIce admInIstrators could exercIse some supervIsIon
over offIcers.
2. n 1910, the fIrst polIce car was Introduced In Akron, DhIo
fInally polIce were mobIle and could respond quIckly to calls
for assIstance from the publIc or other offIcers.
J. PolIce offIcers' salarIes were also Increased a great deal In
thIs tIme perIod, drawIng better applIcants to the job and
dImInIshIng the appeal of acceptIng brIbes.

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Today there are over 18,000 law enforcement agencIes wIth nearly
500,000 employees

1. J,100 sherIffs
2. Dver 15,000 munIcIpal polIce agencIes
J. 1,700 specIal polIce forces (parks, transIt, aIrport, unIversIty)
4. 2J state polIce forces (all but HawaII)
5. 26 HIghway Patrol
6. 60 federal law enforcement agencIes
7. 1000 campus law enforcement departments
8. 1J IntellIgence agencIes

|ore than 800,000 people are employed In polIcIng wIth more than
600,000 sworn offIcers and about 250,000 cIvIlIans
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Elaborate fIre call boxes
were fIrst Installed In the
WashIngton 0.C. area In
the 1860s. Fed glass wIth etched whIte
letterIng was IllumInated from behInd
wIth a constantly burnIng gas lIght.

ThIs type of box requIred the sender to
break the glass, turn the key and open
the door, then pull down a hook InsIde to
transmIt the alarm to a central alarm
offIce where the box number tapped out
on a bell, flashed on a red sIgnal lIght,
and punched out Its number on a paper
tape regIster much lIke a stock tIcker.

There was also a telegraph key and
sounder InsIde each box, whIch the
chIef, or chIef's drIver could use to order
a greater alarm or fIre allout sIgnal to
the central alarm offIce.

n 192J the decIsIon to convert the
gaslIghts to electrIc was gradually
enforced over the followIng decade, and
the last three gaslIghts were turned off
on June 2J, 19J4.

Each fIre alarm box had a sprIng wound
movement lIke an alarm clock whIch
when the hook was pulled sent In four
rounds of Its locatIon code number to the
alarm offIce.

StartIng In the late 1880's the color
scheme changed when PolIce boxes were
Introduced. PolIce boxes were paInted
blue, and the FIre call boxes paInted red.

PolIce call boxes, on the other hand,
were sealed boxes that a patrol offIcer
would use a key to enter and flIp a
swItch to notIfy a central command
center that hIs patrol was proceedIng as
normal and that no assIstance was
necessary. t also featured a telephone
that offIcers could use to communIcate
problems to the central command.

n most cItIes, walkIetalkIes and car two
way radIos caused the downfall of the
polIce and fIre boxes. The
call boxes In WashIngton
were maIntaIned by the
0epartment of PublIc
Works wIth many remaInIng
In use untIl 1976, when the
911 system of emergency
contact was establIshed In
the cIty.

|ost of the FIre call boxes were
abandoned after the 1968 rIots, when
cIvIl unrest destroyed many of those In
the affected areas, and others were
contInually used for false alarms.

What has replaced call boxes In modern
cItIes: (0Iscuss how 911 has been
adopted to handle emergency calls.)
___________________________________
___________________________________

How has technology changed the way we
report and respond to an emergency:
___________________________________
___________________________________
1. How was order kept before a polIce system was created:
2. Why was a polIce organIzatIon created:
J. What could be consIdered the fIrst real polIce offIcer and what were
hIs dutIes:
4. What two major developments changed the way polIce were orga
nIzed:
5. How does polItIcs affect the way polIcIng Is executed:
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8y focusIng on car chases, InvestIgatIons,
shootouts and other vIsually InterestIng
responsIbIlItIes, fIlmmakers gIve us heart
poundIng actIon movIes but not necessarIly
a very realIstIc depIctIon of what offIcers
do on a daIly basIs.

n realIty, the dutIes of a polIce offIcer are
focused on patrollIng, and ensurIng the day
to day safety of the cIty, town, or hIghway
for whIch they are responsIble. Sure,
there's the potentIal for arrests and
InvestIgatIon, but a polIce offIcer has many
dutIes - not all of whIch are glamorous.
PolIce work Is mostly routIne, untIl It Isn't.

SometImes, It's just fIlIng report paperwork or cleanIng
and InspectIng weapons. Dther tImes It can be
dIagrammIng crIme scenes or seIzIng
contraband
materIals whIch
requIres another
wrItten report.
Fegardless of
what theIr
specIfIc day
entaIls, a day In the lIfe of a polIce offIcer revolves
around only one thIng: keepIng the publIc safe.






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|ost new polIce recruIts begIn on patrol duty, rIdIng
In a polIce vehIcle or walkIng an assIgned foot
patrol. They may work alone or wIth experIenced
offIcers In such varIed areas as congested busIness
dIstrIcts or outlyIng resIdentIal neIghborhoods, or
even gangInfested InnercIty housIng projects.
DffIcers attempt to become thoroughly famIlIar
wIth condItIons throughout theIr area and, whIle on
patrol, must remaIn alert for anythIng unusual.
They note suspIcIous cIrcumstances, such as broken
wIndows In a buIldIng that faces a dark alley or
lIghts In vacant buIldIngs, as well as hazards to
publIc safety, such as burnedout streetlIghts or
fallen trees. DffIcers enforce traffIc regulatIons
and also watch for stolen vehIcles. At regular
Intervals, offIcers report to polIce headquarters
from call boxes, radIos, or telephones.

DffIcers may work alone, but In large agencIes they
often patrol wIth a partner. WhIle on patrol,
offIcers attempt to become thoroughly famIlIar wIth
theIr patrol area and remaIn alert for anythIng
unusual. SuspIcIous cIrcumstances and hazards to
publIc safety are InvestIgated or noted, and offIcers
are dIspatched to IndIvIdual calls for assIstance
wIthIn theIr dIstrIct.

0K((.(SE$'00#R!.(SE$'()$-.R!#(.(S$
0urIng theIr shIft, they may IdentIfy, pursue, and
arrest suspected crImInals, resolve problems wIthIn
the communIty, and enforce traffIc laws. Some
polIce offIcers specIalIze In such dIverse fIelds as
chemIcal and mIcroscopIc analysIs, traInIng and
fIrearms InstructIon, or handwrItIng and fIngerprInt
IdentIfIcatIon.

Dthers work wIth specIal unIts such as horseback,
bIcycle, motorcycle or harbor patrol, canIne corps,
specIal weapons and tactIcs (SWAT). or emergency
response teams. Fegardless of job dutIes or
locatIon, polIce offIcers and detectIves at all levels
must wrIte detaIled reports and maIntaIn
metIculous records that may be Introduced as
evIdence at trIal and used to refresh theIr memorIes
of the IncIdent prIor to testIfyIng In court.

#//#3,%.7(*!)(,./4/(0#$;!$8#2()9(
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'00#R!$'()$',,0#"#(R.%(
x Use approprIate level of force
x |ake judgments about arrestIng or releasIng
suspects or offenders
x dentIfy and apprehend offenders
x Handcuff suspects or prIsoners
x Conduct frIsk and pat down
x AdvIse persons of constItutIonal rIghts
x SeIze contraband
x Use deadly force when necessary
x Execute arrest warrants
x FIre weapons on duty
x Pursue suspect on foot
x Execute search
warrants
x Pursue suspect In
vehIcle
x DbtaIn and serve
protectIon orders and
commIttals
!
.(\#R!.S'!.%($
x Secure and maIntaIn
accIdent, crIme, or
dIsaster scenes
x nvestIgate crImes
agaInst persons and
property
x nvestIgate suspIcIous
and crImInal actIvIty
x ntervIew wItnesses
x nvestIgate suspIcIous
persons or vehIcles
x Collect, document and preserve evIdence
(chaIn of custody)
x |ake judgments about probable cause for
warrantless searches
x Search crIme scene for physIcal evIdence
x nvestIgate complaInts of drug law vIolatIons
x Locate wItnesses to crIme
x nterrogate suspects
x Process crIme scene, fIngerprInts, accIdent
scene, etc.
x Search premIses or property
x Transport property or evIdence
x 0Iagram crIme/accIdent scenes

,'!0%-$
x Enforce crImInal laws
x Fespond to calls for servIce
x 0rIve motor vehIcle under nonemergency
condItIons
x Search persons, vehIcles, and places
A1J
x 0rIve motor vehIcle under emergency
condItIons
x Patrol assIgned area In a vehIcle
x ssue cItatIons for nontraffIc offenses
x |ake checks of varIous types of
premIses
x |ake checks of varIous types of
premIses and buIldIngs (schools,
playgrounds, parks and recreatIon
centers, busInesses, hospItals, churches,
etc.)

!0'++./$#(+%0/#N#(!$
x Enforce traffIc and parkIng laws and
ordInances
x nvestIgate traffIc accIdents
x Check vehIcles for proper regIstratIon
x Fequest emergency assIstance for
accIdents
x AdmInIster roadsIde sobrIety tests

/%NNK(./'!.%($
x CommunIcate wIth dIspatcher, other
polIce vehIcles, and commandIng
offIcers by radIo
x Exchange necessary InformatIon wIth
other polIce offIcers at a scene
x ProvIde accurate oral descrIptIons
x nteract, communIcate, and work wIth
cItIzens


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x WrIte reports
x WrIte cItatIons and summonses
x WrIte memos
x FevIew and sIgn reports to ensure
completeness and accuracy

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x Subdue and arrest a resIstIng/attackIng
IndIvIdual
x Encounter an armed suspect
x Encounter resIstance durIng an arrest or
In an emergency sItuatIon
x SIt or stand for long perIods of tIme
x Fecover weapon from suspect who gIves
It up voluntarIly
x Perform an evasIve maneuver (dodge,
duck, block, push, shove, pull, etc.) In
order to dIsarm a suspect
x Subdue and physIcally restraIn an
IntoxIcated IndIvIdual

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x You must be a cItIzen of the U.S.A
x You must be 20 or older
x You must have a CE0 or hIgh school
dIploma
x You must pass several wrItten and
physIcal exams
x You must NDT be a convIcted felon
You need a college degree to work In
state and federal law enforcement
agencIes

&-.,(,$.%3%3:(&%77(9!6(3##21(
x 12 to 14 weeks of traInIng In a polIce
academy IncludIng classroom InstructIon
(constItutIonal law and cIvIl rIghts, state
laws and local ordInances, and accIdent
InvestIgatIon) and handson
experIence (patrol, traffIc
control, fIrearms usage, self
defense, fIrst aId, and
emergency response)
x CompletIon of a 2year
assocIate's program or 4
year bachelor's program In a
crImInal justIcerelated area
Is encouraged
x Knowledge of a foreIgn
language and physIcal fItness
are both plusses



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x PotentIal for promotIon to a
specIalty area or hIgher rank
x PotentIal to retIre wIth a
pensIon after only 2025
years of servIce. PotentIal
to earn a salary from the
mIdSJ0,000s and upwards

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(
x FInd schools wIth programs that
Interest you.

x Fequest Info from specIfIc polIce
departments to get started on your new
career.

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x Why become a polIce offIcer:
x Who do polIce offIcers serve:
x What are the dangers as well as the
benefIts to fIghtIng crIme and ensurIng
publIc safety:
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A14
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1. Where do most new recruIts begIn workIng:
2. Are there essentIal tasks performed by an offIcer:
J. Name three thIngs an offIcer looks for whIle on patrol:
4. 0Iscuss the dIfference between polIce offIcers on televIsIon
and those on the streets.
5. Name 2 requIrements to become an offIcer:

recognIze the badge of my offIce as a
symbol of publIc faIth, and accept It as
a publIc trust to be held so long as am
true to the ethIcs of the polIce servIce.
wIll constantly strIve to achIeve these
objectIves and Ideals, dedIcatIng myself
before Cod to my chosen professIon
Law Enforcement.

FevIew each part of the PolIce DffIcer's
EthIcal Dath.

0ecIde whIch part you thInk would be
the most dIffIcult to uphold over the
course of a career In law enforcement.

Why do you thInk thIs
aspect of the code Is
Important to a polIce
offIcer:

1. Where do most new
recruIts begIn
workIng:
2. Are there essentIal
tasks performed by an
offIcer:
J. Name three thIngs an
offIcer looks for whIle on patrol.
4. 0Iscuss the dIfference between
polIce offIcers on televIsIon and
those on the streets.
5. Name 2 requIrements to become an
offIcer.



JPA cadets are held to hIgh
ethIcal standards throughout the
program, just as polIce are In
theIr professIonal dutIes.

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A15
Patrol Is the fIrst lIne of defense agaInst crIme. Why:
8ecause It puts you where the people are. t promotes
contact wIth cItIzens so they get to know theIr polIce
offIcer. Patrols allow for offIcers to be nearby when a cry
for help comes In to the dIspatcher. Patrol offIcers may
even stumble upon a crIme or hazardous sItuatIon that
requIres ImmedIate attentIon, such as a street sIgn
twIsted so It mIsIdentIfIes the cross street, the traffIc
sIgnal that Isn't workIng, the pothole left by last nIght's
raIn, the broken tree lImb that brought
down a lIve electrIc lIne, or a gas leak that
could explode when someone lIghts a
cIgarette.

HIstorIcally, patrol work has been the
basIc functIon of polIce In protectIng lIfe
and property and servIng the publIc. The
earlIest polIce forces were called patrols.
London had Its 0ay Patrol, NIght Patrol and
Horse Patrol before SIr Fobert Peel devIsed the fIrst
proactIve polIce force called the |etropolItan PolIce.

As Important as It Is, patrol Isn't necessarIly pleasant
work. n fact, the word patrol Is derIved from the French
patrouIller meanIng to go through puddles. That's what
you'll do walk through lIttered alleys, clImbIng rIckety
back staIrs, slosh through slush In wInter and slog through
mud puddles after summer storms.

The fIrst assIgnment you wIll receIve as a new offIcer wIll
probably be patrol. Your job wIll be to poke your nose
Into places the publIc would pass by wIth lIttle notIce. t
may sound lIke It's not much fun, but when approached
wIth the rIght attItude, patrol Is one of the more
InterestIng aspects of polIce work.
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A16
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|ost cItIzens walk down the sIdewalk oblIvIous to theIr surroundIngs, unless approached
by a beggar or pursesnatcher whIch often comes as a complete surprIse due to theIr lack
of awareness. As an offIcer, It Is Important for you to always be aware of the thIngs that
are goIng on around you and to try to remember all of the detaIls of your surroundIngs.

Learn to observe people, to note theIr dIfferences and dIstInguIshIng features. PractIce
glancIng at people quIckly, then descrIbIng them. From your descrIptIon could a fellow
offIcer pIck out the IndIvIdual from a crowd: You'll fInd that wIth practIce you'll see
more than you ever thought possIble

$**Try thIs wIth the cadets. Have one cadet descrIbe another cadet wIthout lookIng at
them, then see If the others can guess who they are descrIbIng.

The SIxth Sense.$
Some offIcers seem to have a sIxth sense that tells them that person Is wrong. They
have sImply learned to observe detaIls of dress, actIons, mannerIsms, and appearance.
These detaIls may be so mInor they're meanIngless untIl they are vIewed In context of the
total pIcture.

Every tIme you make a good arrest, ask yourself, What tIpped me off that somethIng
was wrong: What caught my attentIon: 8y analyzIng each sItuatIon, you'll dIscover the
seemIngly InsIgnIfIcant actIon or thIng that dIdn't fIt. f you have a partner, talk It over
together. You'll fInd that the vague feelIng you get when somethIng Is wrong has a sound
basIs In your observatIon.!
!
!I5$B66<5B92:=$C5$6BC<57
There are two dIstInct phIlosophIes of patrol. n one, you wear a
dIstInctIve unIform, drIve a marked car wIth a lIght bar on top. The
lIght bar has small bulbs, cruIse lIghts, that Increase your vIsIbIlIty
at nIght. Dn foot, you walk at the curb sIde of the sIdewalk and
generally make yourself as conspIcuous as possIble. ThIs lets your
cItIzens know you are on the job and It forestalls contemplated
actIons by crImInals. ThIs Is the technIque for preventIon.

The other approach Is more effectIve when your purpose Is apprehensIon. You are In
unIform but In an unmarked car wIth concealed emergency lIghts. Dn foot, you walk up
close to the buIldIngs, duck Into doorways, and observe wIthout beIng seen. When your
purpose Is apprehensIon, you are unobtrusIve and avoId InfluencIng a sItuatIon you are
observIng.

When on patrol, use the approach that Is most approprIate. f you are In an area you
can't reach whIle sIttIng In a squad car, park your car and contInue on foot. !
!
'A584$5>A85@=$<5@C8?:=
You've analyzed your patrol area and determIned a patrol routIne that covers It
effectIvely and effIcIently. ThIs routIne Is workIng, so why change It:

Whether on foot or In a car, a crImInal wIll quIckly learn your routIne and plan hIs
actIons accordIngly. f he learns that you always start your evenIng patrol In the less
populated areas then work your way toward the hIgh crIme areas later In the evenIng,
he's goIng to hIt the hIgh crIme area early In your shIft or the resIdentIal area later. !
!
!
K`$
A17
e systematIcaIIy unsystematIc"
You want people to know you're on the
job, but you never want them to know
where you'll be next. 8acktrackIng Is one
technIque to break a patrol routIne, and
It works on foot or on wheels. After
you've walked a partIcularly vulnerable
area, turn around and walk It back the
other way. Dn your walk back, duck Into
a doorway and waIt for a whIle. Dbserve
wIthout beIng observed. f you are In a
car you can drIve around the block and
cover It agaIn, thIs tIme detourIng up the
alley.

,BC<5778?D$BC$?8D2C$$
Use lIght and shadow to your
advantage. When you enter a dark alley
from a lIghted street, waIt for a few
mInutes to let your eyes adjust. ThIs
gIves you a chance to watch for
movement of someone who saw you
enter the alley. You mIght pass the alley
entrance, then double back. Stand where
you are shIelded from the street so you
aren't sIlhouetted agaInst the street
lIghts. Work your way through the alley
by huggIng the sIdes and duckIng behInd
the dumpster. Use your lIght only when
necessary. 8ecause It not only tIps off
the bad guys to your presence, It also
makes a good target at whIch to aIm a
weapon.

When walkIng a beat at nIght, you don't
want to stroll down the street, tryIng
every door and flashIng your lIght around
at random. Even an InexperIenced crook
can keep track of your movements. t
may seem obvIous but It happens, be
cause It's easy for humans to fall Into a
routIne.
!
1?5I$35@<$?:8D2>5<2554
There Is a lot for you to learn about
your patrol area. You need to know
more than just every street name and
how buIldIngs are numbered. Learn the
peculIarItIes of every street, road, and
alley. KnowIng where a hIghcrowned
cross street creates a dIp could be
crItIcal In a hIghspeed chase, just as
knowIng that the dIrt road your fleeIng
suspect just turned down dead ends Into
a lake or that the alley the suspect turns
Into has no exIt.

8ecome famIlIar wIth the buIldIngs on
your patrols, and learn the locatIons of
theIr entrances and exIts are as well as
the sItuatIon of Important thIngs such as
theIr electrIcal control unIts or theIr
securIty alarm. You'll want to know
what types of busInesses operate from
each buIldIng, and where each busIness
stores Its valuables. All of thIs
knowledge should Influence the way that
you patrol.

Every patrol area has locatIons where
trouble Is lIkely to develop. dentIfy
those areas that have had the most calls
for servIce.
1?5I$35@<$?:8D2>5<=
You can't do a good job patrollIng unless
you know the people In the area that you
patrol, know what they know, and have
theIr confIdence and respect. The law
abIdIng cItIzens of your communIty wIll
lIkely never meet you, or you them,
unless they become a vIctIm of a crIme.
t Is up to you to
reach out to the
communIty and meet
the people that lIve
there.

There are many
people whose jobs
put them In good
posItIons to help you.
t's worth cultIvatIng
theIr frIendshIp. 0elIvery persons, hotel
clerks, bellhops, cab drIvers, gas statIon
attendants and securIty guards could be
sources of good InformatIon, and can be
a second set of eyes for you. Even the
people who sIt In the park most of the
day become skIlled observers.

Cet to know the neIghborhood busIness
owners and employees by sIght, If not by
name, and learn theIr personal habIts. f
you know a store manager never opens
before 9:00 a.m., someone movIng
around InsIde at 8:00 a.m. would be
suspIcIous. f you know the clerks
restock the shelves after closIng tIme,
actIvIty InsIde then mIght not be
suspIcIous. 8ut If It Is someone you don't
recognIze, It could be a burglar tryIng to
look lIke an employee.

WhIle you are gettIng to know the peo
ple, get to know theIr cars as well.
Learn who owns whIch cars, and whIch
cars are usually parked In the neIghbor
hood durIng your patrol. WIth thIs
knowledge, you wIll have a better chance
of recognIzIng any suspIcIous actIvIty.
K`$
A18
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!
mprovements In the qualIty and performance of polIce vehIcles, as well as
theIr rIsIng necessIty In the twentIeth century, were the result of technologIcal
advances. As technology Improved the performance of cars, crImInals made
use of theIr hIgher speeds to elude capture. PolIce departments, at fIrst unable
or unwIllIng to Incur the expense of outfIttIng theIr force wIth patrol cars, had
no choIce but to keep up wIth the crImInals. The modern day polIce car Is a
hIgh performance, hIgh speed, law enforcement tool. Today the polIce car Is
as famIlIar as the polIce offIcer. 8ut polIce offIcers have a long tradItIon of
walkIng the beat," or as mounted offIcers. Why dId polIce departments
Implement the use of modern polIce cars In law enforcement:

AutomobIles came Into polIce work shortly after Henry Ford made the fIrst
|odel T, but they dIdn't come Into promInence untIl the 1920s. At fIrst, they
were kept at the statIonhouse so offIcers could respond faster when a call
came In. 0urIng World War , a manpower shortage and the advent of twoway
radIo requIred an Increased emphasIs on the patrol car. The car lets you cover
a larger terrItory and travel faster from poInt to poInt, but It also encases you
In a metal box that separates you from the communIty. |any departments
started walk and talk programs where you had to spend part of each hour
wIth the car parked as you got out and talked wIth people In your patrol area.
ThIs became possIble and more useful wIth the development of suItable
portable twoway radIos. Where closer communIty contact has been
establIshed, crIme has been reduced and the cItIzens have a better
relatIonshIp wIth theIr polIce departments.



#WC:?4:4$'9C8A8C8:=$$
x 0esIgn a polIce car for the future. What types of optIons and equIpment do
you thInk wIll be necessary.

x Have a debate or dIscussIon In your class about the pros and cons of polIce
offIcers usIng polIce cars. Are there any alternatIves to polIce cars:

x How can the polIce offIcers In your communIty develop a better
relatIonshIp wIth communIty members:
1. Why Is "patrol" the fIrst lIne of defense agaInst crIme:
2. Why Is It Important to lIsten to your "SIxth Sense" whIle on patrol:
J. What are the two approaches to patrol:
4. Why Is It Important to change your routIne whIle on patrol:
5. LIst some thIngs you can learn about your neIghborhood to aId In
crIme watch:
JPA cadets learn about patrol unIts
from the InsIde - out..
A19
Ka$ "'b'0)R$%($,'!0%-$
|any law enforcement offIcers
wItness death and sufferIng
resultIng from accIdents and
crImInal behavIor whIch can
take a toll on theIr
psychologIcal wellbeIng.

A career In law enforcement
may also Impact offIcers' prIvate lIves.

PolIce offIcers and detectIves are requIred to work at any
tIme theIr servIces are needed and may work long hours
durIng InvestIgatIons. n most
jurIsdIctIons, whether on or off
duty, offIcers are expected to be
armed and to exercIse theIr arrest
authorIty whenever necessary.

8ut when you are dIspatched on an
emergency call, remember that your
fIrst responsIbIlIty Is to reach your
destInatIon safely. t's lIttle
consolatIon to the accIdent vIctIm who's bleedIng to
death that you would have arrIved sIxty seconds sooner If
that drunken drIver hadn't pulled out In front of you and
caused a crash.

Treat every emergency call lIke an emergency. FoutIne
Is a threat to the polIce offIcer. The seventh response to
a partIcular alarm that's always false just mIght be real.
You can't assume anythIng. Every emergency call Is an
emergency untIl you determIne the facts.





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f you can, avoId approachIng In a manner that allows you to be spotted
from some dIstance away. n the cIty, use a parallel street and cut over at
the last possIble IntersectIon. f It's a holdup, burglary, or prowler call, cut
your sIren several blocks away and extInguIsh your lIghts before
you' are spotted from the destInatIon. Note the regIstratIon
numbers of vehIcles or persons departIng as you near the scene.

When you arrIve, stop a lIttle way down the street. WaIt a
second, sIze up what you can see. s someone waItIng In a car wIth
the engIne runnIng: s someone runnIng off In the opposIte
dIrectIon: f nothIng attracts your attentIon, IdentIfy the best
approach route.

Have a plan. f you're workIng wIth a partner, It's crItIcal that
each of you knows what the other Is goIng to do. Talk about It. A
poor plan Is better than no plan at all.

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Let's say you spot a car that doesn't fIt the area where It's parked. You radIo
the dIspatcher for a motor vehIcle regIstratIon check and It comes back
stolen. 0o you rush rIght over and start rummagIng through It for evIdence:
Df course not. 8etter to drIve on by and posItIon yourself where you can
watch It unobtrusIvely. The thIef may be usIng It to hold up the store, par
tIcularly If It was recently stolen. Dr he may have stopped to pIck up
someone. AdvIse the dIspatcher what you've got. Perhaps a plaInclothes
offIcer wIll want to stake It out. Dnce you're reasonably sure the car has
been abandoned, let the InvestIgators do the rummagIng. They're traIned to
fInd evIdence not obvIous to you, sInce you don't recover stolen cars every
day.

What If, respondIng to an armed robbery call, you fInd the perpetrator stIll
In the store wIth salesclerks and customers: FushIng In could be dangerous
to someone InsIde, or even create a hostage sItuatIon. t's better to waIt a
dIscreet dIstance away for the robbers to come outsIde before you confront
them because ensurIng the safety of the publIc Is your prImary concern.

NarcotIcs cases can be touchy. f you have a narcotIcs squad, they may
work a case for months wIthout makIng an arrest. |any people are Involved
In the drug trade, wIth one level shIeldIng the next hIgher group. f you rush
In and bust the pusher, you could blow the case of an offIcer who was usIng
the pusher to IdentIfy hIs dIstrIbutor. f you come across a drug transactIon
and can dIscreetly check by radIo, do It; get the expert's advIce. f you
arrest a group and recognIze an offIcer workIng undercover, don't
acknowledge hIm or her. Treat hIm the same as everyone else. You can sort
It out later.

There are condItIons that can make a person appear to be IntoxIcated when
they've had nothIng to drInk at all. A blow to the head could have thIs
effect. Carbon monoxIde poIsonIng could, too. A dIabetIc could be sufferIng
from InsulIn shock or even go Into a dIabetIc coma. f you fInd any evIdence
of Injury or a |edIc Alert tag, get ImmedIate medIcal attentIon for the
subject.

"'b'0)R$%($,'!0%-$
StayIng In shape Is crItIcal
to law enforcement
offIcer.
Ka$
A21

What Is the largest sIngle source of polIce lIabIlIty suIts: No, It's not fIrearms or
use of force. t's automobIles. Your car Is a very powerful tool, and you use It
constantly. DperatIng your patrol car calls for exemplary skIlls whenever you are
behInd the wheel. After all, your marked car Is easIly IdentIfIed and cItIzens are
watchIng you.

When you go Into the defensIve drIvIng course durIng traInIng, you need to
practIce control, steerIng, fast but safe lane changes, Uturns, controllIng skIds,
proper brakIng.

Your drIvIng Instructors know what has caused offIcerInvolved accIdents In the
past. They've gIven a lot of thought to how to avoId them and they teach you
technIques they have developed to prevent them. They wIll also try to teach you
judgment. TheIr experIence wIll tell you what you mIght expect from other
drIvers' reactIng to you. And that Is the essence of defensIve drIvIng
antIcIpatIng the other drIvers' actIons.

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|any departments requIre loggIng and reportIng each pursuIt. f the operator's
IdentIty has been establIshed, dIscontInue pursuIt and apprehend later. Courts
have held, In cases where pursuIts resulted In InjurIes or death, It Is the DffIcer's
fault for causIng the fleeIng drIver to do thIngs under stress he would not
ordInarIly do

Just because a motorIst runs doesn't mean he's a felon who can't afford to be
caught. A drIver may run for any number of real or ImagIned
reasons. Df course, you want to catch hIm. 8ut If contInuIng hot
pursuIt puts others at rIsk, you have no choIce but to break off. f
you noted the lIcense plate number, you can always catch hIm
another day. f It's a suspected felon who's runnIng, your radIo can
alert other unIts that may be ahead of hIm. f the only reason to
chase Is that the drIver was speedIng, It's not worth breakIng your
neck or someone else's. The exceptIon Is one who Is lIkely to
endanger others If he contInues.

You need to consIder the kInd of road, weather and wInd
condItIons, amount of traffIc, and what's up ahead before
decIdIng to engage an offender In hot pursuIt. Cood judgment Is the crItIcal
factor.

8ut let's say that all thIngs (and the polIcIes of your department) consIdered, you
decIde to chase. FIrst, realIze that you're goIng to startle other motorIsts when
you swItch on the lIghts and sIren. CIve them a chance to get out of your way.
Then remember that hIghspeed operatIon of a motor vehIcle Is quIte dIfferent
from a Sunday drIve In the country.

WhIle drapIng one arm out the wIndow and restIng the rIght hand at the bottom
of the wheel may seem comfortable, It affords lIttle steerIng control. Where does
the racIng drIver put hIs hands: The left at nIne or ten o'clock, the rIght at three
or two o'clock. That hand posItIon provIdes maxImum control.




Ka$
|otor vehIcle chases are a
major source of lawsuIts
agaInst polIce
departments.
A22
Ka$
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t has happened to anyone who has used a
cell phone. You're makIng a call and noth
Ing happens, you just can't get through,
maybe you only hear statIc. So, you call
later and get through. 8ut what If you
couldn't waIt a few mInutes: What If those
mInutes meant lIfe or death: These days,
for many publIc safety provIders, they do.

CLDSE CALLSDn September 18, 1996, two
detectIves ran after a drug dealer In Kansas
CIty, |D. When they called for backup on
theIr new handheld radIos, they got dead aIr
and theIr sItuatIon got dangerous. As they
cornered the suspect, he shot them both.
These shootIng vIctIms were also vIctIms of
progress. The once dependable polIce radIo
Is lIterally beIng drowned out by a torrent of
InformatIonage servIces, such as wIreless
phones 8lackberrys, 0roIds, Pads, and lap
top computers. Even as polIce, fIre and
emergency medIcal servIces upgrade to
prIcey new radIo systems, dozens of agen
cIes face IncreasIng Interference from more
powerful commercIal wIreless servIces.

What other common emergency sItuatIons
could be hIndered by a lack of ImmedIate
radIo contact:

FDLE DF FECULATDFS As metro popula
tIons swell, polIce, fIre and medIcal agen
cIes lack enough channels to handle the
growth In theIr own ranks. The Federal Com
munIcatIons CommIssIon Is In charge of reg
ulatIng our natIon's aIrwaves but they are
under tremendous pressure to brIng as many
bIllIons of dollars as possIble from auctIon
Ing aIrwaves to the commercIal carrIers that
provIde our cellular servIces.



PDTENTAL PFD8LE|S E SDLUTDNS Cur
rently, offIcers must travel farther to get a
sIgnal, carry cell phones and brIng backup
when enterIng statIcprone areas. The solu
tIon Is to buIld a bIgger network. Packed
wIth new features and buttons, offIcers of
ten have trouble usIng them. Though tIme
and traInIng should ease many of these con
cerns, the new radIo systems are also more
glItchprone. There's a lot more that can
and wIll go wrong.

0Iscuss:

dentIfy an alternatIve solutIon to thIs aIr
wave Issue.

ConsIder the number of cellular or wIreless
devIces In your home and how often your
famIly uses them.

0Iscuss the long term effects of over
populatIng the aIrwaves.

1. How was order kept before a polIce
system was created:
2. Why was a polIce organIzatIon created:
J. What could be consIdered the fIrst real
polIce offIcer and what were hIs dutIes:
4. What two major developments changed
the way polIce were organIzed:
5. How does polItIcs affect the way polIc
Ing Is executed:
1. Why Is thInkIng a call "routIne" dangerous to a polIce offIcer:
2. What are some thIngs an offIcer can do to be "clever" whIle o n patrol:
J. How can an offIcer show cautIon whIle on patrol:
4. 0Iscuss the pros and cons to chasIng a suspect:
A2J
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n addItIon to reducIng InjurIes
and deaths on our roadways,
by gIvIng tIckets, offIcers save
us money.

For example, an unInsured
drIver not wearIng a seat belt speeds down the road,
loses control and hIts a guardraIl. Who pays for rescue
and emergency servIces: Who pays for hIs hospItal stay
and physIcal therapy: Who pays for the guardraIl repaIr:
t Is not the careless drIver, but your local government,
whIch Is generously funded by you, the taxpayer.

Df course, there are much more
Important reasons why traffIc
enforcement Is vItal. LIke makIng
motorIsts wear theIr seat belts,
encouragIng the use of chIld safety
seats, and provIdIng a deterrent to
drIvIng under the Influence or
textIng whIle drIvIng are all valId
Important safety concerns.

n thIs lesson, we wIll be revIewIng the many Issues
surroundIng traffIc enforcement - from the rIghts of
motorIsts to the safety of our offIcers In unIform.
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A24
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|any offIcers are kIlled each year and thousands more are Injured In traffIcrelated IncIdents.
For example, In 1998 about half of all offIcer lIneofduty deaths were related to traffIc IncI
dents. ThIs Is because even the most routIne stop for a traffIc vIolatIon or vehIcle code Infrac
tIon has the potentIal for danger. TraffIc stops have been a leadIng cause of death for polIce
offIcers for the past decade accordIng to the NatIonal Law Enforcement DffIcers |emorIal Fund
In WashIngton. From 2000 through 2009, 118 offIcers were kIlled conductIng traffIc stops, com
pared wIth 82 handlIng domestIc vIolence complaInts and 74 durIng dIsturbance calls.

FoutIne traffIc stops often turn out to be not so routIne. DffIcers fInd unInsured drIvers,
suspended lIcenses, ImpaIred drIvers, Illegal fIrearms drugs and fugItIves. 0IscoverIes lIke these
are all In a day's work for many offIcers. ThIs Is why offIcers are traIned to place a great deal of
emphasIs on theIr safety and take a defensIve posture durIng the stop untIl the rIsk of
confrontatIon or Injury Is dImInIshed.

&-.,(+.3(+%,%C#3/(2!(,!(8.4#(,$.;;%+(/,!0/(.(7%,,7#(#./%#$1(
Whether you are stopped by a state hIghway patrol trooper, a county sherIff's deputy, or a local
polIce offIcer, you are expected to cooperate. Along wIth the offIcer, drIvers and other
occupants can do theIr part In helpIng to create a more professIonal atmosphere durIng the
stop.

x 0rIvers should pull over to the far rIght sIde, safely and quIckly, upon seeIng or hearIng a
polIce sIren
x *0rIvers should show courtesy to the offIcer by rollIng theIr wIndow down completely, turn
off the engIne, remove the keys and place them on the dashboard and keep both hands on
the steerIng wheel untIl Instructed to do otherwIse by the offIcer. f the stop Is at nIght,
the drIver should also turn on the InterIor lIght.
x Dnce stopped, drIvers should not engage In suspI
cIous actIvIty, such as hIdIng thIngs or makIng
sudden moves; these behavIors wIll gIve the of
fIcer reason to search the drIver and/or the vehI
cle.
x 0rIvers should show courtesy to the offIcer by
rollIng down theIr wIndow all the way, keepIng
theIr hands to themselves untIl asked for some
thIng, and turnIng on theIr InterIor lIght If It Is
nIghttIme.
x 0rIvers should remaIn In the car unless asked to
exIt; any sudden moves or eagerness to exIt the
car may result In a search of the drIver.
x A cooperatIve drIver allows the offIcer to speak
fIrst and responds wIthout sarcasm or defense; If
the drIver does not agree wIth the offIcer It Is
better that he or she remaIn sIlent than respond harshly.
x f you are not the subject of the traffIc stop, but are approachIng a stopInprogress,
change lanes or slow down. |ost of our 50 states have enacted "|ove Dver" laws to pro
tect law enforcement and emergency personnel and drIvers can be fIned for not movIng to
the lane farther away from the actIvIty. f traffIc flow prohIbIts a lane change, drIvers
must slow down at least 20 mIles per hour as they pass the locatIon.


(&-9(2%2(9!6(/,!0(8#(1(

The most common reasons are:
x |ovIng vIolatIons, such as speedIng, weavIng, lane straddlIng, runnIng a red lIght or stop
sIgn, reckless operatIon, faIlure to yIeld the rIghtofway, etc.
Kc$
A25
x FegIstratIon or EquIpment 7IolatIons are other reasons a vehIcle may be
stopped. t Is not uncommon for a drIver to be In vIolatIon of a law and not know
It. t's your responsIbIlIty to maIntaIn a safe vehIcle and know the laws governIng
drIvIng prIvIleges.
x CrImInal nvestIgatIons often Involve searchIng for a getaway car Involved In a
crash, robbery, vandalIsm, assault, etc. Your vehIcle may match the descrIptIon
of a suspect's vehIcle.
x Safety concerns are another reason an offIcer may stop your vehIcle. For
Instance, your trunk may be open, somethIng may be hangIng from under your
vehIcle, or you may have left Items on your roof.

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!
Yes, If they have reason (probable cause) to suspect crImInal actIvIty
(such as the smell of marIjuana or alcohol) or to fear for theIr safety,
then they may search the car. f they thInk that the suspect poses a
danger to theIr safety, they are allowed to search the drIver and the
ImmedIate areas wIthIn the drIvers reach (under the seat, the mIddle
console, and may Include the passenger sIde of the car and Its contents, such as
shoppIng bags, a brIefcase or the glove compartment.)
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fIcer's knowIedge are suffIcIent to warrant a prudent person to beIIeve a person
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warrants a "person of reasonabIe cautIon" to concIude that certaIn Items may be
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Yes, as long as the polIce use a neutral polIcy when stoppIng cars (such as stoppIng
all cars or stoppIng every thIrd car) and mInImIze any InconvenIence to the drIvers
Involved.

Is a drIver's IIcense from one state vaIId In aII the other states!$
!
A valId lIcense from one state, Is valId In other states gIven the drIver Is just vIsItIng.
8ut If a drIver makes a permanent move to another state, he or she wIll have to ap
ply for a new lIcense, and possIbly retake some drIvIng exams, In that state. Usually,
you must do thIs wIthIn J0 days after movIng to the new state.

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The polIce themselves cannot suspend or revoke a drIver's lIcense, but the state and
Its courts can and do. 0rIvIng a car Is consIdered a prIvIlege, not a rIght, and a state
won't hesItate to take It away If a drIver behaves IrresponsIbly on the road. A state
may temporarIly suspend a drIver's prIvIleges for a number of reasons, IncludIng:

x drIvIng under the Influence of alcohol or drugs
x refusIng to take a bloodalcohol test
x drIvIng wIthout lIabIlIty Insurance
x speedIng
x reckless drIvIng
Kc$
A26
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BeIore approaching a violator, an oIIicer must get to the
oIIender`s vehicle saIely. This requires properly posi-
tioning the police car to maximize oIIicer saIety. The
most common technique is to position the police car be-
hind the stopped vehicle with the driver`s side tail light
aligned with the hood ornament oI the police vehicle.
This oIIset method creates a saIe path to the driver`s door
Ior the oIIicer because it creates a barrier to oncoming
vehicles, and gives maximum visibility oI the Ilashing
light bar indicating that a law enIorcement action is tak-
ing place. AIter the vehicle is properly positioned, the
Iollowing steps are Iollowed

A. CreetIng and dentIfIcatIon
The peace offIcer must eIther Introduce hImself or make a
courtesy greetIng to the IndIvIdual stopped. The peace offIcer
must 0 hImself and the agency he Is wIth.

8. Statement of 7IolatIon CommItted
The offIcer must tell the person why they are stopped and
emphasIze the serIousness of the vIolatIon. The offIcer must
ask the reason for the vIolatIon and gIve the person an
opportunIty to justIfy hImself.

C. 0 of 0rIver and Check of CondItIons of 7Iolator and 7ehIcle
Every vIolator stopped must present theIrdrIver's lIcense. f
there Is no drIver's lIcense avaIlable, the peace offIcer must
wrIte down a brIef descrIptIon of the person.

0. Statement of ActIon to be Taken
The DffIcer must fIrmly state what actIon wIll be taken and
what wIll happen. The statement must be clear enough for
the IndIvIdual to understand.

E. Take That ActIon
The DffIcer must wrIte a cItatIon, take the person Into custody
or gIve a warnIng whatever the peace offIcer decIdes.


F. ExplaIn What the 7Iolator |ust 0o



The offIcer must explaIn to the IndIvIdual what actIons they
must take: Appear In court; get Into patrol car, etc. (CIve
locatIons of courts)

C. Leave
The DffIcer must never be sorry for gIvIng a tIcket. n a
busIness lIke tone they tell the vIolator goodbye ("Cood
Afternoon")the ImmedIately return to the patrol car.
(
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FevIew traffIc stop procedures. Test the cadet's abIlIty to
follow safety guIdelInes by
supervIsIng a mock traffIc
stop.

(8efore class, posItIon two
vehIcles, one behInd the other, In
the parkIng lot. f possIble,
you should posItIon a squad car
behInd a cIvIlIan
vehIcle.)

TPS: 8rIef each drIver
regardIng the scenarIo, but
the "polIce offIcer" should
not know what to expect.

DptIonal: As well as
followIng the proper procedure,
you may want the cadets to fIll out a
TraffIc TIcket (TraffIc Summons).
Have the cadets wrIte and Issue a
summons for speedIng. |ake copIes of
the drIver's lIcense, Insurance card, and vehIcle regIstratIon to
pass around. n the exercIse dIscuss the Importance of the
offIcer's comments sectIon that Is on the offIcer's copy of the
traffIc summons. SInce drIver's can plead not guIlty and the
polIce offIcer could go to court, Important facts should be
noted on the offIcer's copy of the summons.
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1. Why does a offIcer approach the drIver's sIde at a vehIcle durIng a stop:
2. How do traffIc stops save money:
J. Name J thIngs that the drIver can do to make the offIcer's job easIer:
4. Can passengers be searched as well: Why or why not:
5. Have you ever been In a stopped car: Why: What happened:
JPA Cadets practIce traffIc
stop procedures.
A27
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PolIce offIcers must possess
dIstInctIve qualItIes, both
physIcal and mental, to
successfully perform theIr
dutIes.

As a polIce offIcer, you're on
the go for at least eIght hours
a day. You may need to calm the mother of an Injured
chIld one mInute and chase down a vIolent offender the
next.

You wIll have to swItch from a state of peace and
calm to an adrenalInefIlled struggle for survIval
the next.

8oth physIcally and mentally demandIng, a
polIce offIcer must possess skIlls that few
other professIons demand.

n thIs unIt, we wIll learnmore about the
demands of protectIng the publIc and the
skIlls needed from all offIcers who wear
a badge.
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Strony, verbcl communccton sklls cre necesscry.
Commensurcte mentcl cnd physccl sklls necesscry to wclk/stcnd ]or lony
perods o] tme, respond to emeryences, cnd mcntcn order cmony
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The followIng Is lIst of the skIlls that are unIque to beIng a polIce offIcer.
FevIew them and see If you're up to the job!

As the representatIve of government In the eyes of your cItIzens, your
physIcal appearance and mental attItude reflect on polIce offIcers
everywhere, In your town, state and natIon. You AFE the Image of
government In your jurIsdIctIon. People may see the mayor on televIsIon,
but the one they deal wIth every day Is YDU. DbvIously, you must be neat,
wearIng the proper unIform, cleaned and pressed, shoes shIned and present
a cool, calm demeanor. WhIle other people may have a bad day, you can't.
When you deal wIth the publIc, It's not theIr fault that you feel grumpy be
cause of an argument that mornIng wIth your sIgnIfIcant other. You are stIll
the personIfIcatIon of authorIty. People often wave as you walk by In
unIform or drIve by In a polIce car. Ddds are they don't know you and you
probably don't know them. They are acknowledgIng what you represent, not
you personally. People really do care about theIr polIce.

KeepIng physIcally fIt Is very Important, and more Involved for an
offIcer than a regular cItIzen. ConsIder the demands of the job. You
may rIde In a car all day, then jump out to run a foot race wIth a
fleeIng felon. When you catch hIm, he turns to fIght. He may be the
hIgh school weIghtlIftIng champIon but your job Is to subdue hIm and
take hIm Into custody. Then you have to safeguard hIs well beIng
whIle you take hIm back to the polIce statIon. Your physIcal attItude
has quIckly shIfted from InertIa to exertIon, and your mental
attItude has quIckly shIfted from one of overcomIng an adversary to
protectIng your prIsoner.

All that Is saId about dIet and exercIse Is crItIcal to a successful
polIce career but because of the unIque demands on polIce, you
need to pay attentIon to four specIfIc targets. Can your body handle
the rapId changes and survIve: The fIrst target Is your cardIovascular
and respIratory systems. A properly desIgned exercIse program can
Improve the cIrculatIon of your blood and Increase your lung capacIty.
|uscle strength and stamIna can gIve you an edge over the weIghtlIfter.
PunchIng power Is NDT developed by doIng bIceps curls wIth a dumbbell. t's
developed by punchIng properly. n traInIng, you wIll learn a varIety of
defensIve technIques that enable you to control a person stronger than you.
8ut you have to be able to do those technIques. f your joInts are stIff, your
performance wIll suffer. 8ody fat, not the blubber that hangs over your belt,
fat InsIde your body can lIterally get In the way of movement of your body
parts. A lIthe and welltraIned polIce offIcer could probably walk all over a
Sumo wrestler.

8eIng mentally prepared means that once you've decIded to take an actIon,
you can do It decIsIvely, as aggressIvely as necessary, and rIght NDW! Speed
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A29
of thought and speed of actIon can resolve a sItuatIon before It has a
chance to escalate Into somethIng more serIous. t gIves you the element
of surprIse. f you react before the aggressor expects It, and you get hIm
under control, you have the upper hand. FemaIn cool and calm durIng all
thIs. f you lose control of your temper, you lose control of yourself, and
you wIll have lost control of the sItuatIon.

2#.7%3:(&%,-(0#!07#(

Femember the T7 ad showIng the |arIne 0rIll nstructor rIght up In the
recruIt's face, head up, chIn forward, shoulders back,
hands on hIps: He was expressIng domInance.

Yes, there may be tImes you want to express domInance,
but more lIkely you want to appear Interested and
cooperatIve untIl a subject gIves you cause to appear
otherwIse. And that serves your safety better.

When you enter an elevator wIth another person, ever
notIce how the two of you wIll share the confIned space
equally: |ake It three people In the elevator and they
dIvIde the space Into thIrds. When you enter a crowded
elevator and face the people already there, notIce how
they feel uncomfortable. That's because one's personal
space extends farther to the front than It does to the
sIdes or rear. KnowIng thIs helps you to avoId lettIng
someone get so close you have no tIme to react to an
unexpected threat, and to avoId your precIpItatIng a
aggressIve reactIon by another when you approach hIm.

Everyone Is cIrcled by three zones. The outermost for a polIce offIcer Is
the alert zone. Next Is the defense zone where you are on the defensIve.
The Innermost, about one arm's length plus one hand, Is the attack zone.
t Is In thIs zone where an IntrusIon Is lIkely to cause a reactIon. A
cIvIlIan mIght name these zones socIal, personal and IntImate. t's
Important when talkIng wIth a subject that you don't let hIm get Into the
Inner zone where he could easIly attack you. 8y the same token, If you
just want to talk wIth a cItIzen you don't
approach Into HS Inner zone where you make
hIm feel uncomfortable and possIbly cause
hIm to react. 8esIdes, If you were that close,
he could attack you and you wouldn't have the
reactIon tIme to defend yourself.

Kh$
PhysIcal fItness Is
essentIal to a crIme
fIghter - just as It's an
Important part of every
JPA traInIng.
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0IrectIng traffIc sounds mundane, but It Is
fundamental to beIng a polIce offIcer.
Even If you're assIgned to patrol and you
respond to an automobIle accIdent, you
have to dIrect traffIc around the accIdent
scene. TraffIc Is usually the fIrst problem
your cItIzens complaIn about. Foads and
hIghways are better than they used to be,
but there are some four mIllIon mIles of
publIc roads In AmerIca. AccIdents are so
common, fatalItIes don't always make the
evenIng news. The automobIle has kIlled
more AmerIcans than all of the wars In
whIch the UnIted States has partIcIpated.
0espIte many Improvements, the only
force operatIng In thIs motor mayhem Is
the polIce. EffectIve traffIc enforcement
can potentIally save more lIves than
anythIng else you do.

0IrectIng traffIc Is not an effIcIent use of
polIce personnel. A traffIc sIgnal works 24
hours a day and never needs to go to the
bathroom, but there are specIal events;
the sIgnal beIng replaced, the hIgh school
football game dumpIng 500 cars In one
bunch onto cIty streets, road constructIon,
an accIdent, a parade. When traffIc
exceeds the desIgn capabIlIty of the area,
It's the polIce offIcer to helps It to flow
smoothly.

CIvIng good sIgnals should be emphasIzed
more than It Is. 've seen polIce offIcers
dIrectIng traffIc at dusk wearIng black
gloves, then wIggle theIr fIngers at a car
to tell hIm to come through the
IntersectIon. Who could even see hIs
fIngers: 0rIvers can't obey your sIgnals If
they can't see or don't understand them. n
daylIght, wear whIte gloves. At dusk, wear
florescent orange gloves. Always face the
traffIc that's stopped wIth your sIde
toward the traffIc that's movIng. Your
whole body becomes a sIgnpost. PoInt to
the drIver you want to react to your
sIgnal. don't know why that's effectIve,
but It Is. Then sweep your entIre arm to
IndIcate what you want hIm to do. You
want hIm to cross the IntersectIon In front
of you: PoInt, then sweep your hand and
arm across In front of you. You want hIm
to lake a left turn around you: Sweep your
arm around. You want hIm to turn behInd
you: Sweep your arm but
brIng your hand past your
head on the sIde you want
hIm to turn.

0IrectIng traffIc Is an
opportunIty to have a lot
of fun. 'll bet most
departments have a
traffIc offIcer who can
make a ballet of dIrectIng
traffIc. 've seen many on
televIsIon news shows.

A reflectIve vest and gloves are a must
after dark, but you stIll need a source of
lIght for drIvers to see them. And you don't
want to be standIng In front of theIr
headlIghts. You mIght park your car wIth
the headlIghts shInIng on you. You can use
your flashlIght to extend your sIgnals.
People Interpret a flashlIght movIng sIde
to sIde as a stop sIgnal. When you want
them to go, poInt the lIght at them and
move It just as If you were gIvIng a
daytIme sIgnal. When there are long
approaches to where you're dIrectIng
traffIc, you may need to put out flares or
lIghted barrIers gIve advanced warnIng and
to protect yourself.


1. Why Is the appearance of an offIcer Important:
2. Why Is It Important for polIce offIcers to stay In good physIcal condItIon:
J. How can one's posture express domInance: nterest:
4. What are the three zones around a offIcer:
5. What are the three zones around you:
AJ1
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SometImes these dIsagreements
are wIth strangers, but often we
dIsagree wIth the people that are
closest to us, our famIly and our
frIends.

When conflIct happens between people that care for each
other It Is called a domestc con]lct. Usually, people are
able to settle these mInor conflIcts on theIr own. At
tImes, though, these sItuatIons can get out of control.

The dIsagreement can explode,
resultIng In an argument, shoutIng
match, or at Its worst, a physIcal
altercatIon. When a conflIct reaches
thIs level, law enforcement offIcers
are usually called to defuse the
sItuatIon.

t Is the offIcer's duty to help the
people Involved resolve theIr
dIfferences. ThIs Is known as
Con]lct Resoluton. t Is one of the
most Important skIlls that an offIcer can develop,
because almost every call that an offIcer responds to
Includes some element of conflIct.

SometImes the offIcer's presence Is the cause of the
conflIct. HavIng good conflIct resolutIon skIlls enables
the offIcer to stay calm, and to take control of a hIgh
conflIct, emotIonally charged sItuatIon ensurIng the
safety of everyone Involved.

n thIs unIt, we wIll examIne domestIc conflIcts and learn
skIlls that can help us resolve these sItuatIons.



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ThIs sectIon deals wIth the causes of domestIc conflIct and the offIcer's
role In resolvIng the sItuatIon.

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A domestIc conflIct Is a dIsagreement that occurs between people that
care for one another. ThIs can be between a husband and wIfe, parents
and theIr chIld, sIblIng or close frIends that lIve wIth one another.

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There are countless causes for conflIct sItuatIons to arIse. n a domestIc
settIng, these reasons seem to multIply. SometImes dIsagreements
happen because of the strong emotIons that come wIth a close
relatIonshIp. Dther tImes, havIng many thIngs that are shared and
spendIng a lot tIme together can create more opportunItIes for
people to dIsagree. t Is Important to remember that whatever the
cause of conflIct, the people Involved do care for each other.
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Dne of the most common elements In these sItuatIons Is alcohol
use. 8eIng IntoxIcated affects a person's judgment and ImpaIrs hIs
or her abIlIty to reason. t Is harder for an IntoxIcated person to
understand why there Is a dIsagreement, and how to fIx the
problem. 8ecause hIs or her judgment has been affected, that
person mIght make decIsIons that he or she wouldn't normally
make. n a sItuatIon where emotIons are really hIgh, these factors
can cause the conflIct to reach a state of crIsIs.
!
The offIcer's roIe In domestIc confIIct sItuatIons$
When handlIng a domestIc conflIct, the offIcer has many
responsIbIlItIes. HIs fIrst prIorIty Is to restore order to the scene,
and ensure the safety of everyone there. He must then help the
people that are havIng the dIsagreement to resolve the conflIct.
The offIcer should do everythIng that he can to make sure that the
sItuatIon wIll not repeat Itself.

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0omestIc conflIct sItuatIons are very complex, because the dIspute
happens between people who care for each other. ThIs often
makes It dIffIcult because there Is a chance that the offIcer wIll be
seen as an Intruder, rather than a person who Is there to help. f
thIs happens, the offIcer can become a target, and hIs attempts to
defuse the sItuatIon wIll be more dIffIcult.

*DutlIned below Is a recommended procedure for conflIct resolutIon.
Have the cadets dIscuss each step completely.

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8efore arrIvIng at the scene, try to get a good Idea of what Is
happenIng. t Is Important to know how many people are Involved, If
there Is a potentIal threat and If thIs sItuatIon has happened before.
KnowIng thIs, you can thInk about how your wIll approach the scene,
and how you can prepare for any threats to your safety. f possIble, try
to contact the offIcer that handled the sItuatIon before. She or he may
have addItIonal InformatIon that can help you.

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Take steps to ensure your safety. Never enter a conflIct sItuatIon alone. Always
call for backup, and waIt untIl they arrIve. |ake sure that you let the dIspatcher
and any nearby unIts know exactly what Is happenIng at all tImes. When enterIng
a scene, pay specIal attentIon to everythIng that Is lyIng around to make sure that
there are no weapons, traps or other threats to your safety.

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When you arrIve at the scene, your fIrst step should be to fIgure out what the
problem Is. Why are they fIghtIng: FInd out who Is Involved In the conflIct, and
what caused the problem. You wIll probably have to separate the people that
were Involved. Your partner should take one of the combatants to a dIfferent
room. f there Is anyone else at the scene, they should be asked to waIt
somewhere where they wIll not wItness what Is goIng on.
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The fIrst step In reachIng a resolutIon Is to calm everyone down. Dnce you have
separated the people Involved, let each of them tell you theIr sIde of the story.
Show them that you care about what they are tellIng you by lIstenIng to
everythIng they have to say.

LIsten, LIsten, LIsten.$
t Is very Important to pay full attentIon to everythIng you are told and how It Is
expressed, because a person's body language often speaks louder than theIr
words. |ake sure to lIsten to each sIde of the story ImpartIally. You wIll not be
able to reach any decIsIons or resolve the conflIct untIl you have a full pIcture of
what InItIated the conflIct, and how the sItuatIon got out of hand.

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After everyone has calmed down, brIng them back together to reach a
resolutIon. Let each of them tell hIs or her story In front of the other, and make
sure another argument doesn't break out. WIth your help, they should dIscuss
what caused the problem, and what they can do to keep It from happenIng
agaIn.
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8efore you leave the scene, you should be confIdent that the problem has been
resolved, and that you wIll not have to return. f you have arrested anyone,
make sure that the remaInIng people have been calmed down completely, and
wIll not attack you. 0omestIc sItuatIons present thIs specIal safety challenge
because people often do not lIke to see theIr loved ones arrested. t Is not un
common for a woman who was pleadIng for you to arrest her abusIve husband
one mInute to suddenly attack you In a futIle attempt to free hIm once you've
handcuffed hIm and are attemptIng to place hIm In the back of the patrol car.
He may be the sole means of famIly support and gettIng arrested could negatIvely
Impace hIs earnIng potentIal and jeopardIze the famIly's fInancIal securIty.



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There are a number of dIfferent ways to reach resolutIon In a conflIct
sItuatIon:

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8y IdentIfyIng and separatIng the emotIonal arguments from the
Intellectual ones, an offIcer can help resolve mIscommunIcatIons.

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CollaboratIon occurs when everyone Involved works together to fInd the
best solutIon, and everyone gets hIs or her IndIvIdual needs met.

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n a compromIse, everyone may not get everythIng that they want, but
each person wants there to be resolutIon even If they have to gIve a few
thIngs up.

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SometImes the only way to resolve a conflIct sItuatIon In by separatIng
everyone Involved.

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ArrestIng one or more of the people Involved In a conflIct Is usually the
last resort, unless It Is requIred by law, as In the case of vIsIble Injury to
one of the partIes. Dften, people wIll try to reach a resolutIon usIng
the other strategIes fIrst, to avoId arrest.

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judgment
reason
ImpaIr
domestIc
conflIct

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Have cadets roleplay a conflIct sItuatIon and It's resolutIon. dentIfy
strategIes from thIs lesson as they are used In the exercIse.


1. Name one type of conflIct sItuatIon.
2. How can an offIcer ensure hIs or her safety durIng a conflIct sItuatIon:
J. The best way to resole a conflIct Is by arrestIng someone. True or False:
4. Name 2 strategIes that can be used to resolve a conflIct.
5. 8esIdes law enforcement, what other areas Involve conflIct resolutIon
skIlls:
The abIlIty to resolve conflIcts to
one of the fIrst skIlls cadets wIll
learn.
AJ5
magIne typIng, "laughIng out
loud" verses "LDL." t's so
much quIcker to type just the
few letters.

PolIce have theIr own language of codes to communIcate
sItuatIons wIth each other and theIr dIspatch center.
These codes are used because they're effIcIent and
confIdentIal. Some of the codes are famIlIar, such "104."
8ut many of the codes are secret. Why do you thInk It
would be Important for polIce to keep some of the codes
confIdentIal:

0Iscuss:

x Ask the cadets If they ever use
codes when communIcatIng wIth
theIr frIends. Why do they use
codes In these sItuatIons:

x 0Iscuss the need to keep polIce communIcatIon
confIdentIal.

x Ask the cadets reasons why there Is a need for a
unIform code when communIcatIng wIth polIce
headquarters and other polIce offIcers.

x Ask them what mIght happen If there was confusIon
when delIverIng a message In an emergency
sItuatIon.

n thIs unIt, you'll get an IntroductIon to some of the
codes. You never know - you may fInd yourself askIng
your frIends onlIne to go on a "1012," or, when you're
done chattIng, typIng "1084."


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AJ6
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,-#(,#3(+!2#(
Have the cadets dIvIde up Into groups. Conduct
one of the followIng exercIses to test the cadets'
command of the polIce code:

FadIo 0Ispatch
0IstrIbute hand held radIos (If avaIlable), although
for thIs lesson other objects may stand In for the
real thIng.

Next, dIspatch a group to the parkIng lost and ask
them to fInd a partIcular car. They should then
call In the lIcense number usIng the phonetIc plate
numbers on the chalkboard and ask one group
representatIve at a tIme to spell out the plate.

Charades
Have one cadet from each group come to the front
of the room. The Instructor should wrIte one of
the codes on a pIece of paper. Show what you
have wrItten to the group. WIthout speakIng, have
your group of cadets act out the meanIng of the
code for theIr group. The fIrst group to
successfully guess the code wIns!

0-!3#,%+(.70-.)#,(+-.$,(

A Adam
8 8oy
C Charles
0 0avId
E Edward
F Frank
C Ceorge
H Henry
da
J John
K KIng
L LIncoln
| |ary
N Nora
D Dcean
P Paul
Q Queen
F Fobert
S Sam
T Tom
U UnIon
7 7Ictor
X Xray
Y Young
Z Zebra

"%&+!2#(

101 TransmIssIon Weak
102 TransmIssIon Strong
104 AffIrmatIve/DK
109 Fepeat
1010 NegatIve
1012 Standby
1018 Urgent
1020 LocatIon
102J ArrIved At Scene
1027 0rIver LIcense nfo
1028 7ehIcle FegIstratIon
1029 Wanted/Warrant Check
10J0 Use CautIon
10JJ Emergency
10J4 TIme
10J9 Abandoned 7ehIcle
1050 AccIdent
1060 SuspIcIous Person/7ehIcle
1061 7ehIcle Stop
1070 mproperly Parked Car
1071 mproper Use of FadIo
1078 DffIcer Needs AssIstance
1081 Feturn To StatIon/0ept.
1084 PermIssIon To Leave
1085 AssIst |otorIst

0Iscuss wIth the class the need for usIng a
consIstent set of codes. 0Iscuss why emergency
sItuatIons should be communIcated In code over
the radIo.
1. Why was It necessary to develop a system of communIcatIons between the polIce and
IncomIng calls to the department as a crIme fIghtIng tool:
2. What communIcatIon system was developed:
J. Dn what frequency was the fIrst polIce radIo transmIssIon:
4. Why was the A| frequency generally not a good Idea:
5. 0urIng the 0epressIon years, many people lIstened to the radIo. Why:

Kf$
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AJ7
f you have a specIalIzed skIll, chances are there
Is a specIal unIt of the law enforcement
communIty that Is rIght for you.

Some polIce offIcers specIalIze In such dIverse
fIelds as chemIcal and mIcroscopIc analysIs,
traInIng and fIrearms InstructIon, or handwrItIng
and fIngerprInt IdentIfIcatIon.

About 10 percent of local and specIal law
enforcement offIcers perform jaIlrelated dutIes, and around 4
percent work In courts.

Dthers work wIth specIal unIts such as horseback, bIcycle,
motorcycle or harbor patrol, canIne corps, or specIal weapons and
tactIcs (SWAT) or emergency response teams.

Some law enforcement jobs are more dIffIcult to
obtaIn and more dangerous than others, but all
are rewardIng In theIr own way.




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,%-./#$/%NNK(./'!.%(RZ$(%$#'R*$!'R1$

TalkIng on a polIce radIo Isn't the same as talkIng on the phone. The telephone Is duplex, that Is,
both persons can talk at the same tIme. That's true wIth cellular phones, too. 8ut few radIos are
set up for duplex operatIon. FadIo Is sImplex.

When a polIce offIcer speaks Into theIr radIo only they are heard by others lIstenIng, and they
can't hear If someone else trIes to transmIt at the same tIme. CommunIcatIon does not happen
unless one person transmIts somethIng and another person receIves It AN0 UN0EFSTAN0S T. t
Isn't enough to just hear what the other person saId. f you don't understand what he saId, that's
NDT communIcatIon.

Also consIder that a polIce car can be a noIsy envIronment. t's Important that
you speak dIstInctly and enuncIate words precIsely.

!"#$V#S.((.(S$
!
0urIng the 1920's, polIce departments across the country began experImentIng
wIth radIo as a crImefIghtIng tool. As crImInals were makIng greater use of
automobIles, the polIce were lookIng at technology to help keep pace. They
InvestIgated the use of the radIo to more quIckly dIspatch offIcers to where
they were needed and several years of testIng followed.

KR.(S$'N$0').%$R!'!.%(R$
!
The earlIest polIce radIo "systems" were sImple arrangements wIth local A| radIo broadcasters;
when the polIce receIved a call of suffIcIent Importance, they would phone It to the radIo statIon
where the announcer or engIneer would Interrupt the regular program to announce the call.the
polIce cruIsers kept theIr A| car radIos turned to thIs radIo statIon. ChIcago PolIce, for example,
used WCN's (720A|0 facIlItIes for about a year startIng In 1929. After about a year they decIded
thIs new InventIon was workable, so they applIed to the Federal FadIo CommIssIon and got
lIcenses for three transmItters around ChIcago.

Ask the cadets: What communIcatIon system was developed: (The polIce radIo)
Ask the cadets: Dn what frequency was the fIrst polIce radIo transmIssIon: (A|)

!"#$)#,0#RR.%($*#'0R$
!
t should be remembered that the early 19J0's were the deepest of the depressIon years, and
people dIdn't go out much. WhIle radIos had become very popular, good radIo programs had not
yet been developed. SInce polIce broadcasts were just above the A| broadcast band - most home
radIos could tune them In. At nIght, the sIgnal of the LAP0 could be heard all across the country,
even as far as the east coast and HawaII.

Ask the cadets: Why was the A| frequency generally not a good Idea:
(8ecause If the publIc was lIstenIng to the radIo, the polIce calls could be heard as they were
beIng transmItted)

0IscussIon: 0urIng the 0epressIon years, many people lIstened to the radIo: Why: (People
dIdn't go out much because of lack of money, so the radIo was theIr source of entertaInment)



Notorious for being
unreliable and difficult to
keep on the correct
frequency, these early
wireless radios were state
of the art in the 50s.
Kf$
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!"#$-%R$'(S#-#R,%-./#$)#,'0!N#(!$
!
n the begInnIng, usIng the LAP0 as an example, calls were all receIved by the maIn
CIty Hall swItchboard operators. Those requIrIng polIce servIce were routed by a
conveyor belt on top of the swItchboard to a dIspatcher (a polIceman) In the remote
control room, who would broadcast It to the proper car. DffIcers could receIve
calls, but could not "talk back" to the dIspatcher.

8efore long, It was recognIzed that the tremendous potentIal of polIce radIo could
be better realIzed by a more streamlIned method of calltakIng. A new system that
was InstItuted Increased speed In answerIng and dIspatchIng calls. PolIce DffIcers
worked a "complaInt board" receIvIng IncomIng calls dIrectly from a new telephone
number Instead of havIng them relayed by the cIty hall swItchboard. FoutIne calls
were sent by a conveyor belt to the radIo room whIch had dIspatcher posItIons and a
lInk" operator.

When an emergency call such as a robbery or homIcIde was receIved at the
complaInt board, the offIcer could press a button and hIs telephone conversatIon
would be carrIed over loudspeakers Installed In the 8usIness DffIce 0IvIsIon and In
Fobbery and HomIcIde 8ureaus. ThIs served both to alert detectIves to a possIble
call for them, as well as to reduce the chance of human error by the board offIcer.

0').%$+0#UK#(/.#R$
!
The next development was the polIce radIo band whIch operated on Its own
frequency. The problem here was that communItIes developed around metropolItan
areas and It wasn't possIble to dIrect communIcatIon between polIce, fIre and
emergency unIts. !

At the present tIme, cIty, county and state law enforcement and emergency
servIces have the abIlIty to communIcate wIth one another on the same frequency In
a gIven area. Another development has been communIcatIons between aIrcraft,
ground unIts and water craft.







Kf$
A40
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!
From computer whIz to youth counselor to communIcatIons technIcIan - crIme fIghters come In many
sIzes and skIllsets. There are a varIety of law enforcement jobs avaIlable to those who pass the polIce
exam and make It through polIce academy traInIng.

D7EF7EW
0SCUSS THE CHAN DF CD||AN0 DF THE PDLCE 0EPAFT|ENT.
0STF8UTE THE CA0ET HAN0DUT AN0 EXPLAN THE 07SDNS WTHN A PDLCE 0EPAFT|ENT
CDNCLU0E 8Y CDNSTFUCTNC A CHAFT 0ETALNC THE SU807SDNS WTHN A PDLCE 0EPAFT|ENT

D8JECT7E:
CA0ETS WLL 0E7ELDP AN APPFECATDN FDF THE NNEF WDFKNCS DF THE PDLCE 0EPAFT|ENT AN0
THE SDPHSTCATDN WTH WHCH |D0EFN 0EPAFT|ENTS AFE STFUCTUFE0 TD 8ETTEF SEF7E THE PU8
LC AN0 THE CAUSE DF JUSTCE.

Now, have your cadets take out theIr Cadet Handout for thIs unIt.

f you have a specIalIzed skIll, chances are there Is a specIal unIt of the law enforcement communIty that
Is rIght for you.

Some polIce offIcers specIalIze In such dIverse fIelds as chemIcal and mIcroscopIc analysIs, traInIng and
fIrearms InstructIon, or handwrItIng and fIngerprInt IdentIfIcatIon.

About 10 percent of local and specIal law enforcement offIcers perform jaIlrelated dutIes, and around 4
percent work In courts.

Dthers work wIth specIal unIts such as horseback, bIcycle, motorcycle or harbor patrol, canIne corps spe
cIal weapons and tactIcs (SWAT) or emergency response teams.

Some law enforcement jobs are more dIffIcult to obtaIn and more dangerous than others, but all are re
wardIng In theIr own way.
.)#(!.+*.(S$*%K0$R1.--R$j$$
*%K0$,-'/#$.($-'&$#(+%0/#N#(!$$$$
A41
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!
A PolIce organIzatIon Is organIzed accordIng to operatIonal tasks. The
followIng Is a lIst of dIvIsIons wIthIn a polIce department.

Each polIce department Is dIvIded dIfferently. Some wIll have far fewer
dIvIsIons, whIle others may have many more than are lIsted here.

,BC<57$$
At the center of polIce law enforcement Is patrol. ThIs Involves movement
of unIformed polIce personnel, on foot or In vehIcles, through desIgnated
areas. n most departments, at least half of all polIce personnel are
assIgned to patrol. DffIcers on patrol have a varIety of dutIes that Include
IntervIewIng and InterrogatIng suspects, arrestIng lawbreakers; controllIng
crowds at publIc gatherIngs; enforcIng laws regulatIng publIc conduct;
IntervenIng In personal, famIly, and publIc dIsputes; IssuIng warnIngs and
cItatIons; and provIdIng mIscellaneous servIces to members of the publIc.

RCB;;$+@?9C85?=
Staff functIons are actIvItIes performed by polIce offIcers to help
admInIstrators organIze and manage the polIce agency. Personnel
recruItment, selectIon, and traInIng; plannIng; fInance; employee servIces;
publIc relatIons; and use of cIvIlIan personnel are examples of staff work.

/<8F:$-B>5<BC5<3$
8ecause solutIons to many crImes are found through the applIcatIon of
physIcal and bIologIcal scIences, the crIme laboratory Is of great value to
law enforcement offIcers. f you've ever watched televIsIon's CS, you
know the paInstakIng efforts taken by the varIous 0NA, fIngerprIntIng,
blood and other analysts and how Important they are to establIshIng a sus
pect's guIlt or Innocence

!<B?=65<CBC85?$
PolIce mobIlIty Is crucIal to crIme preventIon and quIckly and effIcIently
respondIng to emergencIes. PolIce offIcers must have the capabIlIty of
movIng safely and swIftly to meet theIr responsIbIlItIes.

/5FF@?89BC85?=$
CommunIcatIons In a polIce agency are the lIfelIne of the organIzatIon.
|ost polIce department communIcatIon systems have three parts: the
telephone system, command and control operatIons, and radIo
communIcatIons.

.?C:778D:?9:
nformatIon Is gathered to keep polIce offIcIals attuned to happenIngs In
theIr areas of jurIsdIctIon by provIdIng InsIght Into communIty condItIons,
potentIal problem areas, and crImInal actIvItIes.

.?C:<?B7$';;B8<=$
Another auxIlIary staff servIce Is Internal dIscIplIne. Transparent dIscIplIne
and accountabIlIty are vItal to maIntaInIng any polIce agency's IntegrIty
wIth employees, elected leaders and the publIc. nternal dIscIplIne, also
known as Internal affaIrs, Involves InvestIgatIon of complaInts related to
polIce department servIces and personnel.
.)#(!.+*.(S$*%K0$R1.--R$j$$
*%K0$,-'/#$.($-'&$#(+%0/#N#(!$$$$
KLd$
A42
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UnIt works wIth the Coroner's DffIce and assIsts In IdentIfIcatIon of deceased
vIctIms.
!
+8?B?98B7$/<8F:$K?8C$
nvestIgates all crIme dealIng wIth:
AT| fraud
CredIt card fraud
Forgery
Scams
CounterfeItIng (bIrth certIfIcates, drIver's lIcenses and other Important docu
ments, even works of art. CounterfeItIng US currency Is a federal crIme and
those InvestIgatIons wIll also lIkely Involve the F8 and/or the Secret Ser
vIce.)
welfare fraud
dentIty theft
FacketeerIng
|oney launderIng
TelemarketIng fraud
Cyber (computer) crIme
Tax evasIon/fraud
Embezzlement
SecurItIes fraud
PyramId schemes

SBF8?D$K?8C$
The UnIt responsIble for the monItorIng, trackIng and enforcement of all
Illegal gamblIng actIvItIes.

"5F8984:$RG@B4$$
nvestIgates murder cases.

*5@C2$R:<A89:=$K?8C$
Youth ServIces UnIt Is responsIble for:
The preventIon and InvestIgatIon of youth vIolence In and around schools.
The InvestIgatIon of property crIme InvolvIng youth.
0ealIng wIth street entrenched youth
AssIstIng School LIaIson DffIcers
(
(((((((((((((((((((((((
:6#//(%,/(;63+,%!3'(
Can you determIne the functIon of the 0IvIsIon or Squad just by Its name:
CIve It a try wIth the lIst below.

1. nternal nvestIgatIons
2. K9 UnIts 0og Squad
J. |edIa LIaIson
4. |ounted Squad
5. Polygraph UnIt
6. Feserve PolIce Force (AuxIlIary PolIce)
7. Fobbery Squad
8. School LIaIson Team
9. 7Ice and 0rugs SectIon
10. 7IctIm ServIces UnIt


KLd$
JPA Cadets stay actIve. FunnIng a real
obstacle course, vIsItIng a PolIce Academy
and just hangIng out wIth other cadets.
A4J
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*%K0$,-'/#$.($-'&$#(+%0/#N#(!$$$$
UK'-.!.#R$%+$'$-#')#0$

As polIce offIcers move up In the chaIn of command, they
wIll lead others so they must develop and then demonstrate
effectIve leadershIp skIlls.

FevIew the followIng attrIbutes of a strong leader. WrIte
each qualIty on the board and dIscuss It wIth your cadets.

EXPLAN TD CA0ETS: As a polIce commander or a leader In
any organIzatIon - from the school yearbook staff to captaIn
of the football team, - you need the loyalty of the people
around you. To help you, here are a few tIps on developIng
loyalty.

V:$,7:B=B?C$B?4$'66<5B92B>7:$
Loyalty starts out by havIng a mutually good feelIng about
the other person. A smIle and a warm "good mornIng" are a
good startIng place. Dver tIme, your pleasant attItude and
approachabIlIty wIll help foster an atmosphere of mutual
understandIng and commItment.

":76$*5@<$,:567:$C5$)5$!2:8<$M5>=$
As theIr commander, you are In a posItIon to elImInate
stumblIng blocks to the successful completIon of your
subordInates' tasks. You may have to cut some "red tape"
for them, make sure they have the rIght equIpment, or
assIgn more resources to help them. 8ut most Importantly,
be sure that you gIve them the encouragement they need to
perform theIr most dIffIcult tasks.
!
V:$"5?:=C$
Far and away thIs Is the sIngle most Important attrIbute that
polIce commanders or any other leader must possess. Keep
your promIses or don't make them. n every personal
contact you have, be upfront and honest. t's always
better to say you don't know the answer to somethIng than
to make stuff up. Then go fInd the answer and get back to
that person. Your reputatIon wIll both follow and precede
you. Femember, the only person who can destroy your
credIbIlIty and damage your IntegrIty Is you. Dnce you've
lost credIbIlIty In someone's eyes, It takes a long tIme to
regaIn theIr trust,
If you ever do.




V:$+B8<$
A true commander Is faIr to allsuperIors, peers and the
people under hIs or her command. Fegardless of theIr race,
color, ethnIcIty, gender, sexual orIentatIon, relIgIous
affIlIatIon, age or dIsabIlIty. Though there are now many
laws on the books that provIde a hefty IncentIve to treat
everyone equally In the workplace, a good commander sets
the tone by not playIng favorItes and ensurIng all employees
have an equal opportunIty to succeed and advance
professIonally.

V:$&8778?D$C5$":76$
True polIce commanders are always
wIllIng to help theIr personnel and theIr
constItuents.
Whether It's clearIng red tape for theIr
subordInates, or solvIng problems for
theIr constItuents, they are always
wIllIng to help In any way they can.

-:B4:<=286$R@FFB<3$
A leader must be a person of
Impeccable character. Honesty begets
honesty. To the contrary, a person who wIll manIpulate or
lIe to a subordInate InvItes dIsloyalty and recIprocal lIes.
Courage, both moral and physIcal, Is a character traIt, and It
Is InfectIous. HumIlIty and empathy before one's
subordInates InvItes both loyalty and respect.
And fInally, a true leader wIll possess an Innate sense of
vIsIon, and the abIlIty to communIcate It to hIs people and
help them see why they've been Instructed to do thIngs a
certaIn way and how It fIts Into the "bIg pIcture" In other
words, how reachIng that specIfIc goal gets them closer to
makIng the vIsIon a realIty.

0:A8:I$U@:=C85?=:
Why Is loyalty so Important to success as a polIce
commander:
How Is loyalty developed by a commander:
LIst three traIts that subordInates want In theIr commander.
0efIne "common sense" as It relates to a polIce leader.
1. Name J other polIce related careers:
2. Name J staff functIons:
J. What would be a good law enforcement job for a student who
lIkes scIence:
4. What about a student who enjoys art:
5. How would your talents fIt Into a law enforcement career:
A44
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5@C$ C2:8<$ /B4:C$ "B?45@C$ ;5<$
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KLL$ R/"%%-$0#R%K0/#$%++./#0$
A lot of changes were made In
school securIty after
ColumbIne - can you thInk of
any examples:

Dne of the changes Is that more and more schools have
an Inschool resource offIcer. These offIcers work In
schools to provIde a more safe, secure, and orderly
envIronment.

These Inschool resource offIcers provIde three
Important servIces: law enforcement, lawrelated
counselIng and
mentor/advIsor/educator. How much
tIme Is spent on each of the three
servIces depends on the school and
the students. What kInds of schools
would you ImagIne would need more
law enforcement: What kInds of
schools mIght need more lawrelated
educatIon:




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aware that schooIs aren't aIways
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ChIef PatrIck Fuller and AustIn JPA Cadets.
A45
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An SFD Is a certIfIed law enforcement offIcer who Is permanently assIgned to a school or
a set of schools. The SFD Is specIfIcally traIned to perform three roles:

1. law enforcement offIcer
2. lawrelated counselor
J. lawrelated educatIon teacher

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The SFD serves as teacher, counselor and role model. The SFD Is not the school
dIscIplInarIan. Father, they brIng full servIce, personalIzed polIcIng to a school
settIng. WIth a fulltIme presence In the schools, the SFD Is an easIly recognIzed
and approachable resource for students.

The ultImate goal of an SFD program Is to maIntaIn and Improve the safety of the
learnIng envIronment In our schools through the reductIon and preventIon of
school vIolence and drug abuse.

WhIle hIs prImary focus Is preventIon and deterrence, the SFD conducts all
crImInal InvestIgatIons on campus, coordInatIng hIs actIvItIes wIth the buIldIng
admInIstrator. Although under the dIrect supervIsIon of the PolIce 0epartment,
he Is consIdered a member of the school faculty and as such, works closely wIth
the prIncIpal and vIceprIncIpal to determIne the best course of actIon.

|any SFD's fInd themselves at the front of the class, provIdIng InstructIon on
topIcs such as the hIstory of law enforcement, search and seIzure, constItutIonal
rIghts, crImInal law, and drug abuse.

The School Fesource DffIcer's dutIes extend far beyond the classroom and normal
work day. The offIcer partIcIpates In PTD and faculty meetIngs, club projects,
student socIal functIons and sportIng events.

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x To foster educatIonal programs and actIvItIes that wIll Increase student's
knowledge of and respect for the law and the functIon of law enforcement
agencIes.

x To act swIftly and cooperatIvely when respondIng to major dIsruptIons and
flagrant crImInal offenses at school, such as: dIsorderly conduct by
trespassers, the possessIon and use of weapons on campus, the Illegal sale
and/or dIstrIbutIon of controlled substances, medIcal emergencIes and rIots.

x To report serIous crImes that occur on campus and to cooperate wIth the law
enforcement offIcIals In theIr InvestIgatIon of crImes that occur at school.

x To cooperate wIth law enforcement offIcIals In theIr InvestIgatIons of crImInal
offenses whIch occur off campus.

x To provIde traffIc control and crossIng guards at schools when deemed necessary for
the safety and protectIon of students and the general publIc when the regular traffIc
control offIcer or crossIng guard Is absent.



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DffIcer John Clapp and
JPA Cadets from WhIte
Settlement, Texas.
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A46

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($#/!6$+#(!;;%+#$/(
!
SFDs emerged from a combInatIon of polIce offIcer Involvement In schools and a
communItyorIented polIcIng phIlosophy that emphasIzes a proactIve and preventIon
orIented approach to polIcIng.

The term School Fesource DffIcer was fIrst used by a polIce chIef In |IamI, FlorIda,
who coIned the term sometIme In the early to mId 1960s. Law enforcement agencIes
and school dIstrIcts In FlorIda are belIeved to be some of the fIrst to launch SFD
programs In the 1960s and 1970s. Dther programs throughout the country, although not
many, also trace theIr establIshment to the 1970s.

The 1980s and early 1990s were not marked by contInuous growth In the number of SFD
programs, but as the 1990s progressed, the SFD approach regaIned momentum as
communIty polIcIng began to be pursued by communItIes throughout the country.

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ThIs resurgence of the SFD approach was stImulated by a lInkage In many
communItIes of the communItyorIented polIcIng phIlosophy wIth concerns
about the safety, securIty, and order of schools. SInce the mId 1990s, the
number of offIcers IdentIfIed as SFDs who are workIng In schools has
Increased.

*6/,(,-#(;.+,/!

x |ore SFDs are assIgned to hIgh schools than to mIddle schools or
elementary schools.

x A slIght majorIty of SFDs are assIgned to provIde coverage to only one
school that Is consIdered by the offIcer to be hIs or her beat.

x The vast majorIty of offIcers assIgned to schools are not rookIe polIce
offIcers but those who have put In street tIme, have experIence wIth
young people In envIronments outsIde the schools, and are volunteers
for theIr SFD assIgnments.

x |ost of the IndIvIduals who are descrIbed wIth the tItle School
Fesource DffIcer are certIfIed or sworn law enforcement offIcers who
technIcally work for eIther polIce or sherIffs' departments.

x |ost SFDs wear theIr law enforcement unIforms at least sometImes
whIle performIng theIr roles as SFDs, and almost all carry a gun whIle workIng
In theIr schools.

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JPA AdvIsory CouncIl member, DffIcer
John Clapp, WhIte Settlement, Texas
A47
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t's not always possIble to predIct behavIor that
wIll lead to vIolence. However, certaIn early
warnIng sIgns may be predIctors of aggressIve
rage or vIolent behavIor toward one's self or
others. Early warnIng sIgns Include:

1) SocIal wIthdrawal: n some sItuatIons,
gradual and eventually complete wIthdrawal
from socIal contacts can be an Important
IndIcator of a troubled chIld.

2) ExcessIve feelIngs of rejectIon: n the
process of growIng up, and In the course of
adolescent development, many young people
experIence emotIonally paInful rejectIon
(whether real or perceIved) from peers, teach
ers, famIly, teammates or others who matter
to them.

J) 8eIng a vIctIm of vIolence: ChIldren who
are vIctIms of vIolence IncludIng physIcal or
sexual abuse, are sometImes at rIsk themselves
of becomIng vIolent toward themselves or
others. StudIes have shown that chIldren who
are vIctIms of vIolence or bullyIng are four
tImes more lIkely to become abusers as adults.

4) Low school Interest and poor academIc
performance: Poor school achIevement can be
the result of many factors. t Is Important to
consIder whether there Is a drastIc change In
performance and/or becomes a chronIc
condItIon that lImIts the chIld's capacIty to
learn.

5) Uncontrolled anger: Everyone gets angry;
anger Is a natural emotIon. However, anger
that Is expressed frequently and explosIvely In
response to mInor IrrItants may sIgnal
potentIally vIolent behavIor toward one's self
or others.

6) HIstory of dIscIplIne problems: ChronIc mIs
behavIor and dIscIplInary problems In school
and at home may suggest that underlyIng
emotIonal needs are not beIng met. These
unmet needs may be manIfested In actIng out
and aggressIve behavIors.

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There Is much students can do to help create
safe schools. Here are some Ideas that
students In other schools have trIed:

1) LIsten to your frIends If
they seem troubled or
confused.
2) Create, joIn, or support
student organIzatIons that
combat vIolence, such as
Students AgaInst
0estructIve 0ecIsIons and
Young Heroes Program.
J) Cet Involved In
plannIng, ImplementIng,
and evaluatIng your school's vIolence
preventIon and response plan.
4) PartIcIpate In vIolence preventIon programs
such as peer medIatIon and conflIct resolutIon.
Employ your new skIlls In other settIngs, such
as the home, neIghborhood, and communIty.
5) Ask for permIssIon to InvIte a law
enforcement offIcer to your school to conduct
a safety audIt and share safety tIps, such as
travelIng In groups and avoIdIng areas known to
be unsafe. Share your Ideas wIth the offIcer.
6) Help to develop and partIcIpate In actIvItIes
that promote student understandIng of
dIfferences and that respect the rIghts of all.

D6#/,%!3/'(

WhIch of these steps have you personally
performed:
0Id It prevent a problem:
1. Why dId SFD's develop:
2. What does an SFD do:
J. What kInds of Issues does an SFD deal wIth:
4. Why would a patrol offIcer enjoy beIng an SFD:
5. 8esIdes JPA, where else do you see your SFD: What Is he or
she doIng and why:
A48
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8asIcally, If It blows up, the 8omb Squad Is watchIng out
for It, and knows how to render It safe, whIch can eIther
mean defusIng It or destroyIng It.

t's the 8omb Squad's job to make sure that AmerIcan
cItIzens are safe from explosIves, and
sometImes that can mean extra tIght
securIty at aIrports.

And, as some of you who've traveled
by aIrplane sInce the terrorIst attacks
on 9/11, sometImes that can mean
that even your shoes are suspect.

|ost 8omb Squad technIcIans have
receIved traInIng from the F8, US
Army ExplosIve DrdInance 0Isposal
personnel and the 8ureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco and FI r ear ms and
ExplosIves.

n thIs unIt, we wIll learn more about
the men and woman whose job It Is
move In, after everyone else has run away!


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A49
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Here Is some sound advIce from the LAP0 8omb Squad for handlIng potentIally explosIve sItuatIons.

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The resIdent should call 911 and request the polIce. Patrol offIcers wIll respond and gIve advIce regardIng bomb
threat procedures and optIons for ImmedIate response.

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0o not handle or dIsturb the suspected Item. mmedIately call 911 and report It to the polIce. mmedIately
evacuate the locatIon and notIfy the polIce from a neIghbor's house or a busIness. Dnly conventIonal telephones
should be used as cellular telephone transmIssIons have the potentIal to detonate an explosIve devIce.

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The 8omb Squad Is notIfIed and responds whenever a suspected explosIve devIce Is found or when
suspIcIous cIrcumstances IndIcate the possIble presence of one, such as when a
large rented vehIcle Is found abandoned outsIde of a potentIal "hIgh value" target,
such as a government buIldIng.

TImothy |c7eIgh, an AmerIcan mIlItIa movement sympathIzer angered over the F8's
handlIng of the Fuby FIdge and Waco actIons, was convIcted In 1997 and executed
by lethal InjectIon In 2001 for the AprIl 1995 bombIng of the Alfred P. |urrah Feder
al 8uIldIng In Dklahoma CIty. HIs coconspIrator, Terry NIchols, Is servIng a lIfe
sentence at a Supermax prIson In Colorado for helpIng to mIx the chemIcals for the
bomb. They parked a rented Fyder truck In front of the fed eral buIldIng fIlled wIth
over 2.5 tons of hIgh grade ammonIum nItrate fertIlIzer, huge drums of IndustrI
al solvents, ammonIum nItrate fuel oIl (an explosIve com modIty
used In mInIng and quarryIng)., several crates of a gel ex plosIve
and spools of shock tube (nonelectrIc fusIng) and cannon fuse
and detonated It.

The blast claImed 168 lIves, IncludIng 19 chIldren under the age of 6, and Injured more than 680 people. t
destroyed or damaged J24 buIldIngs wIthIn a sIxteenblock radIus, destroyed or burned 86 cars, and shattered
glass In 258 nearby buIldIngs, causIng at least S652 mIllIon damage.

WIth the exceptIon of the World Trade Center bombIng on 9/11/01, the Dklahoma CIty bombIng was the largest
law enforcement InvestIgatIon In U.S. hIstory. The F8 conducted over 28,000 IntervIews, collected over three
tons of evIdence, and collected rearly one bIllIon bIts of InformatIon. t remaIns the largest act of domestIc
terrorIsm In our natIon's hIstory.

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PIpe bombs are one of the most dangerous explosIve devIces that you may encounter, as well as one of the most
common. The explosIve fIller may get Into the threads of the pIpe and a small amount of movement may be
enough frIctIon to cause the pIpe bomb to explode. StatIc electrIcIty may jump from your hand to the pIpe
causIng detonatIon. A pIpe bomb can easIly kIll someone who Is J00 feet away from the explosIon because It
propels hundreds, perhaps thousands of pIeces of shrapnel In all dIrectIons.

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Even commercIal explosIves can be unpredIctable. CrystallIzed dynamIte can detonate wIth a sudden tempera
ture change of J degrees or more.

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There are over 50 people kIlled each year by explosIves (not IncludIng major events lIke Dklahoma CIty) and
approxImately 500 people Injured each year by explosIves. AccordIng to the F8's 8omb 0ata Center, most of
these IncIdents occur In resIdentIal areas. The most common explosIves used are black powder, smokeless
powder and fIreworks powders. The most common explosIve devIce encountered In the USA Is the pIpe bomb.

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8omb Squad members do not
dress for comfort.
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A50
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ExplosIve devIces can be contaIned In almost anythIng. 8ombs can be constructed to look lIke
almost any Item and can be delIvered In any number of ways.

|ost bombs are homemade and are lImIted In theIr desIgn only by the ImagInatIon of theIr maker.
Letter and package bombs are not new. WhIle the latest IncIdents have Involved polItIcal terrorIsm,
such bombs are made for a wIde varIety of motIves. The partIcular form of these bombs varIes In
sIze, shape, and components. They have electrIc, nonelectrIc or other sophIstIcated fIrIng systems.

There are dIfferent sIgns that you can look for whIch mIght IndIcate a possIble explosIve devIce:
x &!
x Z!
x !
x ,!
x d!
x D!
x K!
x E!
x !
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Homemade fIreworks and explosIves are very unstable. There Is no set formula for the explosIve
that Is used In Illegal fIreworks. Some of the fIreworks that are made In |exIco are so unstable
and dangerous that they are shIpped wet to prevent them from explodIng prematurely.

The explosIve fIller can be set off by frIctIon, heat, Impact, sparks or flame. f you have a bag
full of Illegal fIreworks and one of them goes off accIdentally, you can assume that all of the fIre
works In the bag wIll go off at the same tIme. A small amount of fIreworks goIng off at sImultane
ously In a vehIcle can kIll everyone who Is In that vehIcle and scatter parts of the car for some
dIstance In all dIrectIons..
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|IlItary devIces are desIgned to kIll. Some of them have complIcated fuses that are desIgned to
detonate the explosIve by the slIghtest movement or Impact. Some of them contaIn poIsonous
gas. t Is usually not the actual explosIon of a mIlItary devIce that kIlls people. t Is usually the
shrapnel (small pIeces of metal) from the explosIon that kIlls people. Shrapnel can travel at J000
feet per second In all dIrectIons from the explosIon. The metal pIeces are razor sharp and wIll
slIce through the human body causIng fatal wounds. |IlItary devIces are often altered by cIvIlIans
and become even more dangerous.
,86:$V5F>=$
PIpe bombs are one of the most dangerous explosIve devIces that you may encounter, as well as one
of the most common. The explosIve fIller may get Into the threads of the pIpe and a small amount
of movement may be enough frIctIon to cause the pIpe bomb to explode. StatIc electrIcIty may
jump from your hand to the pIpe causIng detonatIon. A pIpe bomb can easIly kIll someone who Is
J00 feet away from the explosIon because It propels hundreds, perhaps thousands of pIeces of
shrapnel In all dIrectIons.


U12
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A51
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B$>5F>$BC$F3$759BC85?P$
f you receIve a bomb threat over the phone,
attempt to keep the caller on the lIne as long
as possIble. Ask hIm to repeat the message
and be sure to record every word spoken. f
the caller does not IndIcate the locatIon of
the bomb or the tIme of possIble detonatIon,
you should ask hIm for thIs InformatIon. t Is a
good Idea to Inform the caller that the
buIldIng Is occupIed and the detonatIon of a
bomb could result In death or serIous Injury to
Innocent people.

-8=C:?$;5<$>B9JD<5@?4$=5@?4=$C2BC$FB3$8?489BC:$
caIIer's IocatIon!
As you attempt to keep the caller on the lIne,
lIsten for any partIcular background noIses
such as motors runnIng, background musIc or
other noIse that may gIve a clue as to the
locatIon of the caller. As you are gatherIng
InformatIon about the caller wrIte down as
much InformatIon as possIble. When the polIce
arrIve at your locatIon, be prepared to gIve an
accurate descrIptIon of the caller's voIce
IncludIng any regIonal accents or speech
ImpedIments.

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FIreworks are consIdered explosIve devIces,
and they are extremely dangerous. Every year
numerous chIldren and adults are Injured or
burned as a result of playIng wIth fIreworks.
FIreworks are dangerous and Illegal wIthIn the
cIty lImIts of most cItIes.

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7.02()!8)(/D6.2!
To learn more about thIs vItal part of every
major polIce department, we wIll focus on one
of the best and busIest unIts In AmerIca the
Los Angeles PolIce

-%/,!$9'(.(!3#(8.3(/-!&(
n 1950, PolIce DffIcer 0eWayne Wolfer, assIgned
to ScIentIfIc nvestIgatIon 0IvIsIon (S0) was
probably the fIrst offIcer on the 0epartment
recognIzed as an explosIves expert. He
responded to calls from offIcers In the fIeld when
a possIble explosIve devIce was found.

,!2.9!
A formal 8omb Squad has been servIng the
resIdents of Los Angeles sInce 1950. The 8omb
Squad unIt Is comprIsed of 14 hIghly traIned
offIcers and two explosIve
detectIon canInes. The sectIon
responds to over 900 calls for
servIce yearly and Is
responsIble for the handlIng,
transportatIon and renderIng
safe of all explosIve Items
located wIthIn the CIty. 8ut It
wasn't always thIs way.

/+-!!7(;!$()!8)/(
n 197J, offIcers began
receIvIng formal explosIves traInIng at the newly
establIshed F8 Hazardous 0evIces School at
Fedstone Army Arsenal In HuntsvIlle, Alabama.
The school has been In operatIon for over 25
years and Is consIdered one of the best In the
world. t's the place where the natIons 2600
bomb technIcIans are traIned and certIfIed,
traInIng over 1,250 students per year In both the
basIc and refresher Hazardous 0evIces course
The school traIns over 400 students per year In
both the basIc and refresher Hazardous 0evIces
courses. Craduates of H0S can be found In nearly
every 8omb Squad In the country and many
foreIgn countrIes. |ore than 7,500 fIrst respond
ers have completed the basIc course sInce the
school opened In 1971.
1. LIst three responsIbIlItIes of the 8omb Squad:
2. What should you do If you receIve a bomb threat:
J. Name one of the most dangerous types of bombs:
4. What are the sIgns that a person can look for when tryIng to
IdentIfy an explosIve devIce:
5. What traIts mIght you look for In a person wantIng to be on
the bomb squad:
A52
How would you
explaIn the shape of
your jaw to someone:
How would you
explaIn the dIstance
between your eyes:

t can be hard to know how to descrIbe your own
face, let alone a face you had only seen once.
And ImagIne what a tough job It would be to take
that descrIptIon, and turn It Into a drawIng.

The prImary role of ForensIc ArtIsts (often
known as ComposIte Sketch ArtIsts) Is to lIsten
very carefully to vIctIms or wItnesses of crImes,
and to create drawIngs of theIr descrIptIons.

The sketch artIst relIes heavIly on the memory of
vIctIms and wItnesses, spendIng up to fIve hours
workIng on a sketch.






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ForensIc art (as It Is usually called) plays an Important role In the crImInal justIce system.
WIthout that Infamous and wIdely dIstrIbuted sketch of the Unabomber, the F8 mIght never
have caught Ted KaczynskI.

n order to become a forensIc artIst, a candIdate obvIously must be able to draw accurate
rendItIons of suspects from verbal descrIptIons, but they must also be boardcertIfIed,
trustworthy, and of sound moral character.

n the UnIted States, forensIc artIsts are also traIned In the fIelds of human anatomy,
odontology (study of teeth), age progressIon, psychology, and, In some cases, J0 Imagery.
TheIr talents are called upon for courtroom sketches, wanted posters, draftIng crIme scenes,
medIcal drawIngs for autopsIes, and facIal reconstructIon sketches from skulls.
(
ForensIc artIsts have played an Important role In the IdentIfIcatIon of bodIes, and also helped
polIce capture elusIve crImInals, such as serIal kIller Ted 8undy and FIchard Allen 0avIs, who
kIlled Polly Klaas.
(
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The ForensIc ArtIst must not only be an accomplIshed artIst, but they must be very
compassIonate and work well wIth vIctIms. t Is, after all, the vIctIm of a crIme who wIll most
lIkely be constructIng the Image from memory. To assIst, a ForensIc ArtIst wIll often show the
vIctIm or wItness a bInder full of pIctures of people of dIfferent races, ages and
characterIstIcs.

n the words of one promInent ForensIc ArtIst: |any tImes they can't remember all the pIeces
of the face, so ask them to flIp through untIl somethIng makes them feel warm.

,.4%3:(/-.0#(
The sketches start out as a hazy gray cIrcle roughly In the outlIne of the face. t generally
takes between two and fIve hours to complete a sketch, whIch the ForensIc ArtIst shows to the
wItness along the way and changes to fIt theIr memorIes.
#A#$+%/#(!3#'(%,(.77(-.00#3#2(/!(D6%+479B(
Hold up mage # on the facIng page so that all the cadets clearly see the detaIls of the
photograph. After one mInute, quIckly turn the Image face down on the desk.

ExplaIn that crImes happen very quIckly and most wItnesses only get a glance at the suspects.
Now Instruct the cadets to answer the followIng questIons. (They may work In groups.)

1. Was the male passenger gettIng In/out of the front seat or back seat:
2. 0Id the cab drIver have on a unIform:
J. What was the cab drIver wearIng:
4. 0Id the female have on jewelry: f so, what was she wearIng
5. What was the name of the cab company:
6. Was the cab drIver wearIng glasses: f so, were they sunglasses:
7. What was the male passenger wearIng:
8. Was the female talkIng on a phone or fIxIng her haIr:
9. Was there a car behInd the cab: f so, what color was It.
10. 0Id the cab appear to be In a crosswalk:
11. Was there anyone walkIng across the street: f so, was It a male or female:
12. What was In the street behInd the cab:
1J. What was the natIonalIty of the female:
14. What was the natIonalIty of the passenger:
15. What was the natIonalIty of the cab drIver:
16. Was the male passenger clean shaven or dId he had a mustache or beard:
17. Was there somethIng sIttIng dIrectly behInd the cab: What was It.
18. 0Id the cab drIver have a mustache:
19. Could you tell If the male passenger was reachIng for somethIng:
,%-./#$R1#!/"$'0!.R!$$$
Sketch of the
Unabomber
KLT$
A54
KLT$
mage #1
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CIbson receIved a certIfIcate from the CuInness World Fecords,
Ltd. on February 6, 200J for her composIte sketches that have led
to the arrests of dozens of suspects.
The certIfIcate states: SInce 1982, more than 1J5 crImInals have
been posItIvely IdentIfIed and brought to justIce In Texas, due to
the detaIled composItes drawn by forensIc artIst LoIs CIbson.
PolIce offIcIals claIm these crImInal cases dealIng wIth murder,
rape and robbery would have gone unsolved wIthout LoIs'
drawIngs.
To get a world record Is terrIfIc, saId CIbson, but to set a world
record through my work that has helped brIng to justIce so many
suspects makes It IncredIbly rewardIng.
LoIs has been an exemplary employee wIth the Houston PolIce
0epartment, saId Houston PolIce ChIef C.D. 8radford. Her skIll as
a sketch artIst has proven to be a valuable tool to the HP0. Her
sketches have helped raIse an awareness In the communIty about
suspects whIch has led to several successful arrests and
convIctIons.

A55
KLT$
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PermIt the cadets a full 10
mInutes to memorIze
everythIng they can about the
fugItIves below. At the end of
ten mInutes, Handouts should
be turned over. nstruct the
cadets to answer the QuestIon
Sheet.

AgaIn, dIscuss the dIffIculty of
rememberIng facIal features.


!
$








WANTE0 FDF 0FUC SALES
Name: 8everly Fhodes
Age: J540
Face: 8lack HeIght: 5'4
WeIght: 120 lbs.
HaIr: 8rown
Eyes: 8rown
ComplexIon: |edIum
Scars/|arks: 8eauty mark
(mole) on left cheek. Usually
wears thIck glasses.
WANTE0 FDF |ULTPLE
FD88EFES. THFEATENS
7CT|S WTH AN UZ |ACHNE
CUN. DFTEN ACCD|PANE0 8Y
A YDUNC HSPANC WHD CDES
8Y THE NCKNA|E |DNEY.











WANTE0 FDF AUTD THEFT
Juana Lopez
Age: 21
Face: HIspanIc
HeIght: 5'11
WeIght: 190 lbs.
HaIr: 8rown
Eyes: 8rown
ComplexIon: |edIum
Scars/|arks: |IssIng rIng
fInger on left hand.
WANTE0 FDF FUNNNC A
CHDP SHDP AN0 |ULTPLE
THEFTS DF LUXUFY AUTDS,
PAFTCULAFLY LATE |D0EL
|EFCE0ES8ENZ
CDN7EFT8LES.
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CIrcle the correct answer
questIons 1 through 4 on the
basIs of your memory. YDU
|AY NDT LDDK 8ACK AT THE
FACT SHEET!

1. WIth regard to the person
who Is wanted for drug sales,
whIch one of the followIng
choIces Is correct: (CIrcle the
correct statements.)
x The person poses as a
doctor.
x The person wears glasses.
x The person Is blInd In hIs
left eye.
x The person drIves a
|ercedes8enz
convertIble.

2. WIth regard to the person
wanted for auto theft, whIch
one of the followIng choIces Is
correct: (CIrcle the correct
statements.)
x The person Is mIssIng a
rIng fInger on theIr left
hand.
x The person drIves a whIte
8|W.
x The person goes by the
nIckname of Snow.
x The person walks wIth a
lImp.
1. What Is the prImary role of the Sketch ArtIst:
2. Why Is havIng a good sketch artIst so crItIcal to a polIce department:
J. What are the tools of a Sketch ArtIst:
4. What Is another name for a Sketch ArtIst:
5. Dther than beIng an accomplIshed artIst, what else must a sketch
artIst be:!
A56
KL`$ 1Xf$K(.!$
0ogs play a crucIal role In many law
enforcement actIvItIes, F5=C$of
whIch revolve around theIr most
valuable tool: theIr noses. A dog's
sense of smell Is saId to be
thousands of tImes more powerful than that of humans.
WhIle a human has about 5 mIllIon smell receptors In Its
nose, a dog has more than 220 mIllIon! 8ecause of thIs keen
sense of smell, dogs are able to locate everythIng from dead
bodIes to dIsaster survIvors as evIdenced after the recent
spate of deadly tornadoes that rIpped through the |Idwest.

0ogs can track all sorts of thIngs In all
sorts of places. They can fInd survIvors
In the rubble of an earthquake. They
can fInd drugs hIdden In a suItcase at
the aIrport. They can fInd bombs In
cars, bodIes In forests, and guns In
closets. 0on't thInk that just because a
dog's sense of smell Is up to a mIllIon
tImes more sensItIve than yours that It's
not hard work. All polIce dogs go
through rIgorous traInIng.

WorkIng wIth polIce dogs can be very
sad. Dne man who worked wIth rescue
dogs after an avalanche explaIned that,
"after spendIng about 8 hours goIng
through an avalanche area, we were all exhausted, but a
couple of the dogs were stIll tryIng to fInd anybody they
could. Dnce we had accounted for everybody, a couple
traIners asked some of us to partly bury ourselves so that the
dogs could end theIr day fIndIng a lIve body. The dog that
found me was ecstatIc that It had fInally found somebody to
save."



We've spent a Iot of tIme
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A57
-L`$
K9 UnIts are a valuable part of many polIce
departments. 0ogs perform law enforcement dutIes that
are beyond the physIcal capabIlItIes of human beIngs.

0ogs are prImarIly used for theIr extraordInary sense of
smell. ThIs heIghtened sense can assIst offIcers In
dealIng wIth narcotIcs, explosIve and weapons
detectIon, trackIng and search and rescue.

,-#(+.3%3#(-%/,!$9(
The traInIng of dogs for polIce work was orIgInally
developed In Chent, 8elgIum, around 1900 and was soon
beIng used elsewhere.

8reeds wIth especIally keen senses are used for specIal
purposes, such as detectIng caches of Illegal drugs or for
trackIng fugItIves and mIssIng persons. The most wIdely
traIned dogs for patrol work are the Cerman Shepherd,
8oxers, 0oberman PInschers, AIredale TerrIers,
FottweIlers, Schnauzers, and 8loodhounds.
!
&-9(4F'!()*+,!-./!)/0/,,-.12!
K9 UnIts can be very effectIve In any communIty, but
the choIce to create one Is based upon the departments
workload, crIme statIstIcs and sIze.

2#,#$$#3+#(
PatrollIng In a wellmarked K9 vehIcle Is extremely
effectIve tool for deterrIng crIme. The psychologIcal
advantage of havIng a K9 team patrollIng an area Is
deemed to be tremendous.

A number of years ago, the Yarmouth |assachusetts
PolIce 0epartment started theIr unIt wIth three K9
teams. 0urIng the fIrst year, the unIt worked hard In
reducIng the number of breakIns In theIr busIness
sectors. At the end of the fIrst year of havIng a hIghly
vIsIble K9 unIt, the rate of breakIns decreased 80
whIle surroundIng communItIes experIenced a sudden
rIse In thIs crIme.

.77(%3(,-#(3!/#(
TrackIng Is a prIme functIon of the polIce work dog.
TrackIng suspects from burglarIes, stolen cars, and
robberIes, trackIng lost chIldren or adults Is a functIon
that under the majorIty of condItIons, the human cannot
duplIcate.

AgaIn, It comes down to the fact that the K9's sense of
smell Is many tImes greater than the human. A dog Is
capable of smellIng the odor of a human beIng from
hundreds of yards away when the odor Is carrIed by the
slIghtest amount of wInd or breeze. At least 97 of the
work that the K9 does Is wIth Its nose.
1Xf$K(.!$
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A58
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A small department does not want an offIcer seeIng hIs/
her posItIon as a K9 handler as an excuse to Ignore
ordInary dutIes. All to often thIs has been found to be
one of the maIn reasons for dIsbandIng a K9 UnIt. The
handler should be ready to accept all dutIes of the
regular patrol force, In addItIon to the extra work and
rIsk of beIng a K9 handler.



,-%3:/(,!(+!3/%2#$()#;!$#(;!$8%3:(.(4
F'!()*+!
x Can the dog be donated or wIll It have to be
purchased:
x WIll the dog lIve Indoors or outsIde: f outsIde,
consIder the cost of the kennel fencIng, cement pad,
dog house, etc.
x TraInIng Is paramount and qualIty does not always
come cheap. Who wIll pay for the dog's traInIng:
x Who wIll pay for food and vet bIlls:!

!
4F@(63%,/(%80$!"#(+!8863%,9($#7.,%!3/(
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Dne of the goals of the canIne unIt Is to Increase
communIty relatIons through demonstratIons at schools,
publIc events etc. The canIne demonstratIons prImarIly
focus on chIldren programs, but we have found that the
adults are just as IntrIgued as to the traInIng and abIlItIes
of a SherIff's canIne. |embers of the unIt have
dIscovered that quIte often the publIc Is mIsInformed as
to the uses of the canIne and how they are employed.
Through demonstratIons, handlers educate the publIc on
the fact that canInes are not vIcIous, but actually well
traIned anImals, under complete control, capable of
completIng a wIde varIety of tasks. As a part of the
demonstratIon there Is dIrect InteractIon wIth the canIne
and the publIc whIch demonstrates the socIal sIde of the
canInes. These demonstratIons are usually provIded to
schools, church groups, college career days, communIty
groups, and other publIc functIons.

AssIgnment to the canIne unIt Is voluntary, however, It
requIres a tremendous commItment of personal tIme and
effort to properly maIntaIn a patrol canIne, and the real
compensatIon for that effort wIll be a well traIned canIne
that may save a lIfe one
KL`$
Some of the greatest heroes of 911 were on
four feet.
A59
KL`$
1Xf$K(.!$
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f possIble, have your K9 UnIt or Team gIve a demonstratIon In class Have the K9
offIcer talk about what It Is lIke to work wIth a dog. The cadets wIll love to hear
fIrst hand accounts of how the team worked together to solve a case or catch a
crImInal.
(
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(
StartIng a K9 UnIt Is no sImple task. There are specIfIc thIngs a polIce department
should consIder before your K9 partner goes on patrol. K9 Handlers have often
learned the answers to these questIons unexpectedly wIth embarrassIng or even
tragIc results.

1. Can fIre my weapon next to hIm:
2. Can my back up fIre hIs weapon near the K9 team:
J. Can recall my dog durIng a stressful event:
4. Can he defend hImself alone for more than (5) mInutes of fIght:
5. WIll he search anywhere In a buIldIng, dark rooms, staIrs, crawl
spaces, and basements:
6. How wIll he react to gunfIre In a buIldIng:
7. WIll he exIt the cruIser to come aId me durIng a fIght:
8. What happens If go to the ground fIrst durIng a fIght:
9. WIll he alert or apprehend a passIve subject:
10. Can trust my dog at demonstratIons:
11. 0o have to hold hIm, whIle doIng tactIcal maneuvers, and wIll thIs
affect my abIlIty to shoot durIng a hot sItuatIon:
12. What happens when the suspects goes passIve after a fIght, wIll my
dog stay wIth the suspect or leave:
1J. Can move wIth a bunch of offIcers tactIcally and safely:
14. What If my dog fInds food along the track or In a buIldIng:
15. WIll he stay down and quIet for more than twenty mInutes:
16. WIll he jump a chaIn lInk fence after a suspect, or allow me to
carry hIm over obstacles and up staIrs:
17. s there someone else that can handle my partner If need be:

U@:=C85?=Z$

ConsIder your own dog or a frIends how would they react In the sItuatIons lIsted
above:

What temperament would be requIred for a dog to work well In law enforcement:


1. 0efIne "workIng dog".
2. Where was the traInIng of dogs for polIce departments fIrst
developed:
J. LIst the specIal purposes for whIch workIng dogs are used:
4. What Is "trackIng" and what are Its uses:
5. What do you need to consIder before startIng a K9 unIt:
JPA Cadets are gIven a K9
UnIt demonstratIon.
A60
KLa$ R&'!$
They carry semI and fully automatIc
pIstols, submachIne guns, assault rIfles,
shotguns, and flashbang grenades and
wear heavy body armor.

8ut these are not mIlItary commandos they are the members of a
SpecIal Weapons and TactIcs SWAT UnIt, more commonly known as
SWAT. They are the "goto" team In hIgh rIsk, volatIle sItuatIon,
when surgIcal precIsIon and advanced tactIcs are requIred.

These elIte team members traIn frequently and rIgorously, and they
must keep current on the everchangIng scIence of crIsIs resolutIon.
ThIs Is why LAP0 SWAT remaIns the most respected group of Its kInd
on the planet. An old sayIng goes "When people are In trouble they
call the polIce. When the polIce are In trouble they call SWAT!"

Any crItIcal IncIdent such as armed or barrIcaded subjects, hostage
sItuatIons or assIstance wIth the servIce of search and arrest warrants
where there Is a potentIal for vIolence Is a sItuatIon where a SWAT
team mIght be deployed. These are the offIcers that come In when
lIves are on the lIne.


SWAT teams are often called In for dealIng wIth armed or
barrIcaded subjects, hostage sItuatIons, or search and arrest
warrants wIth a potentIal for vIolence, but they also appear at
large polItIcal protests. Why do you thInk a protest mIght be a
good reason to brIng In the SWAT team: How do you thInk the
offIcers on the SWAT team treat a protest sItuatIon dIfferently
than a hostage sItuatIon:







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nstructor wIll Introduce cadets to the
functIons of a SWAT UnIt and the
tactIcal strategIes these hIghly
traIned offIcers use when fIghtIng
crIme.
!
!)*#+,%"#/'(
Cadets wIll gaIn a better
understandIng of the SWAT UnIt's
specIal mIssIon In fIghtIng crIme.

!
&&
A61
-La$
IT'S ALL IN THE NAhE $
What we now take for granted dId not exIst untIl around 1968. 0aryl
Cates, then the future LAP0 chIef, Is generally credIted wIth creatIng
the fIrst SWAT team. Cates orIgInally wanted to call the unIt, 'SpecIal
Weapons Attack Team', but changed the name for publIc relatIon's
purposes. Cates saw a dIstInct need for a polIce unIt lIke thIs In Los
Angeles In the late 60s, where rIots were IncreasIngly common.

ThIrtythree years later, 90 percent of polIce agencIes surveyed In
cItIes wIth a populatIon over 50,000 have SWAT unIts. Seventy percent
of cItIes wIth a populatIon under 50,000 have SWAT teams. There
are pros and cons to thIs and JJ years of experIence wIth SWAT
has some polIce admInIstrators standIng on dIfferent sIdes of the
SWAT fence.

As the name ImplIes (SpecIal Weapons and TactIcs) the team
members are Issued specIal weapons IncludIng: semIautomatIc
and fully automatIc fIrearms, long range precIsIon rIfles, flash
bang dIversIonary devIces, tear gas grenades, ballIstIc shIelds,
vests and helmets. Also, as the name states, they traIn In specIal
tactIcs. These tactIcal methods are desIgned to brIng a crItIcal
IncIdent to a close wIth the least amount of rIsk to the offIcers
and cItIzens.

&"*$!"#$(##)$+%0$'$R&'!$!#'NP$
PublIc Safety - nothIng comes before thIs, and If you're dealIng
wIth a heavIly armed, barrIcaded suspect who Is holdIng hostages,
you are not thInkIng straIght If you thInk he/she wIll surrender to
an offIcer wIth just a sImple knock on theIr door. SWAT Is needed
here. How about a sItuatIon where you have armed suspects at
large In a wooded area that has been cordoned off by the local
polIce: s thIs a job for a traffIc cop: Dr do you call In a specIally
traIned unIt whose members have traIned for months to handle
such sItuatIons: t's a nobraIner.

*%K$/'--$R&'!$&"#($R,#/.'-$R.!K'!.%(R$'0.R#Z$
1. The bank robbery In Los Angeles a few years back In whIch the
robbers wore complete body armor and walked around whIle
shootIng fully automatIc weapons was a perfect SWAT callout.
2. What If you're dIspatched to a call of a snIper perched on a tall
buIldIng: A SWAT snIper Is needed here.
J. How about a plane hIjackIng at your local aIrport:
4. How about a suspect or domestIc terrorIst holed up In an
apartment complex wIth enough explosIve materIal to level the
apartments:
5. How about an armed suIcIdal suspect In a crowded fast food joInt:
6. How about a ColumbIne HIgh School sItuatIon:

All these scenarIos call for the expertIse of a SWAT team. SocIal
changes, IncludIng heavIly armed drug traffIckers and the Increased
vIolence assocIated wIth them, are yet another reason to have SWAT on
call.



R&'!$ KLa$
A62
Dne of the most famous and dangerous sItuatIons InvolvIng
LAP0 SWAT played out on the streets of North Hollywood, CA
on February 28, 1997 and was broadcast lIve on Los Angeles
area televIsIon statIons. The North Hollywood 8ank Fobber
Involved two men In full mIlItarygrade body armor, carryIng
fully automatIc rIfles wIth armor pIercIng bullets who were
confronted by polIce as they exIted a bank they'd just
robbed. Patrol offIcers had been alerted to the robbertIn
progress and quIckly realIzed they were out gunned. TheIr
9mm duty weapons and shotguns were useless agaInst the
suspects' body armor.

SWAT was summoned and whIle waItIng for theIr arrIval,
patrol supervIsors hurrIed to area gun shops to borrow auto
matIc rIfles In an attempt to gIve them fIrepower equal to
the suspects, who were wanted In connectIon wIth at least
two armored car robberIes, and were known for theIr range
of hIghImpact weaponry and stateoftheart body armor.
n all, over 2,000 rounds were fIred In that confrontatIon,
InjurIng eleven offIcers and seven cIvIlIans. 8oth suspects
were mortally wounded, one by SWAT offIcers and the other
by hIs own hand.
A6J


+!80!3#3,/(!;(.(/&.,(,#.8(
The followIng components are usually, but not necessarIly, found In a
0epartment's SWAT TEA|.

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The Command Team consIsts of the Team leader and hIs lIeutenants.
They are In constant communIcatIon wIth the other Team members by
way of state of the art headpIeces and must make on the spot
decIsIons about the nature of the engagement dependIng on how the
sItuatIon plays out.
!
!2:$(:D5C8BC5<$
The NegotIatIon Team consIsts of members who have been traIned In
psychology and are able to make a fIeld assessment of any hostage
scenarIo. They are essentIal In dIffusIng a potentIally vIolent and
dangerous sItuatIon.

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The SnIper Team consIsts of members who are hIghly skIlled In the arts
of camouflage and long dIstance shootIng wIth state of the art
weaponry. WhIle theIr maIn task Is to provIde cover and fIre support,
they are also Instrumental In provIdIng uptothemInute IntellIgence
to the Command Post. ThIs InformatIon could be crucIal In makIng
decIsIons regardIng assault plans and lIfe threatenIng sItuatIons. They
are also known as the perImeter or contaInment team.
!
!2:$#?C<3$!:BF$
ThIs name says It all. ThIs team Is comprIsed of members who are
skIlled In the art of explosIves, forced entry and frontal assault. They
are heavIly armed wIth projectIle weapons, smoke bombs, flash bombs
and tear gas.
!
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The true success of a SWAT team, however, Is not
measured In equIpment, but In theIr performance as a
team. A team that Is untraIned, undIscIplIned, and
InexperIenced, Is a lIabIlIty to Its communIty, no matter
how well armed and equIpped they may be.

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8ecause much depends on recruItIng the rIght personnel, polIce
departments typIcally set rIgId standards for servIce In the unIt. These
standards usually Include:
x DffIcers must pass a standard physIcal test that Includes a two
mIle run, push ups, pull ups, and sIt ups.
x They must qualIfy wIth department fIrearms to a hIgher standard
than the nonSWAT patrol offIcer.
x The team members traIn together, as a team, at least once a
month. Quarterly, the physIcal and fIrearms standards are met by
all members of the SWAT team.
x SWAT offIcers traIn on the average of 16 hours per month and
must be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week.


KLa$
A64
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Some of the SWAT Team disciplines include, but are not limited to:
x Critical Decision Making
x Communication Skills
x ndoor Search Techniques and Philosophy
x Outdoor Search Techniques and Philosophy
x Entry Techniques and Philosophy
x Active Counter Measures
x Weapon Retention
x Aviation (Helicopter Deployment)
x Rappelling
x Special Weapons
x Ordinance
x Hostage Rescue
x Officer Rescue
x Vehicle/Bus Assault
x Mental and Physical Disciplines
!
!
Talk about why there is a need for SWAT Teams?
!
Discuss the components of a SWAT Team and how they work
together?

1. What does SWAT mean:
2. 0escrIbe a sItuatIon where you would use a SWAT team.
J. Who Is credIted for creatIng the fIrst SWAT team unIt:
4. LIst the components of a SWAT Team:
5. What standards need to be met to be a member of the SWAT
team:
KLa$
R&'!$
SWAT Team member
demonstrates how to wear
protectIve clothIng.
A65
KLc$ LAW ENFDPCEhENT'S hA(*$"'!R$
For Instance, If you are
walkIng through downtown on
any gIven day It Is possIble to
see a SherIff's 0epartment
squad car, the local polIce department's bIke patrol or
patrol unIt, the Park PolIce 7an and perhaps even a
mobIle unIt from the State PolIce.

s there a connectIon between all of these varIous
departments and If so, who the heck Is In charge: Those
are the questIons we wIll address today. 0o
all these offIcers work together, or for
dIfferent departments:

The UnIted States has the most complex
organIzatIon of polIce departments and
agencIes In the world. Why do you thInk thIs Is
so:

PrIncIple law enforcement agencIes of thIs
country are the 0epartment of JustIce, the
0epartment of Homeland SecurIty, and the
UnIted States Postal ServIce. The 0epartment of JustIce
branches further Into specIalIzed agencIes, most notably
the F8, the 0EA (0rug Enforcement AdmInIstratIon) and
the US |arshals ServIce.
The 0epartment of Homeland SecurIty consIsts of the US
Coast Cuard, the 8ureau of 8order SecurIty, the Secret
ServIce, and the US Customs ServIce. The UnIted States
Postal ServIce Is responsIble for preventIng dangerous,
harmful and fraudulent maIl from cIrculatIng In the
country. They are constantly sIftIng through suspect
pIeces of maIl belIeved to contaIn drugs, poIson,
explosIves and other harmful materIals.
As you can see, law enforcement jobs vary under each
dIvIsIon. Dnce you're qualIfIed to serve In the polIce
force, you wIll be able to match your abIlItIes and
Interests wIth specIalIzed law enforcement jobs.







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A66
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LAW ENFDPCEhENT'S hA(*$"'!R$
NK(./.,'-$,%-./#$
The polIce force of cItIes, townshIps, vIllages, boroughs and Incorporated towns fall Into thIs
category.

Small |unIcIpal 0epartments
Smaller munIcIpal polIce departments provIde polIcIng servIces to the majorIty of AmerIcan cItIzens.
TrIbal polIce departments, such as the DneIda ndIan NatIon PolIce are examples of small munIcIpal
departments.

Large |unIcIpal 0epartments
There are few really large munIcIpal polIce departments In the UnIted States. Two of the bIggest
Include the Los Angeles PolIce 0epartment and the New York (CIty) PolIce 0epartment.

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There are many specIalIzed polIce forces around the country. They Include:
unIversIty polIce departments, school dIstrIct polIce departments and publIc
transIt polIce forces.

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SherIffs and deputy sherIffs patrol more than J,000 countIes In the UnIted Sates.
There are, however, other county polIce forces whose jurIsdIctIons eIther
duplIcate or dIsplace those of the SherIff's 0epartment. A county Is the largest
terrItorIal dIvIsIon for local government wIthIn a state. |ost countIes have a
constItutIonal offIce or sherIff who Is the chIef law enforcement offIcIal for that
area.
!
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Each of the 50 U.S. states has establIshed Its own polIce forces and crImInal
InvestIgatIon agencIes. Some state polIce departments, such as the Alaska State
Troopers, provIde general polIcIng servIces to all areas of a state that are not
served by munIcIpal polIce.

Dther state polIce departments, such as the Utah HIghway Patrol, are restrIcted to
enforcIng laws on the roads and hIghways of a state. Another example of a state
polIce agency wIth restrIcted jurIsdIctIon Is the South 0akota 0epartment of Came
and FIsh. ThIs department Is Involved solely In the enforcement of South 0akota's
game and fIsh laws.

Two of the bestknown statelevel enforcement unIts are the state polIce and the hIghway patrol.
There Is a defInIte dIstInctIon between these agencIes In terms of responsIbIlIty and authorIty.
State polIce engage In a full range of law enforcement actIvItIes IncludIng crImInal InvestIgatIon.
HIghway patrol unIts are concerned almost entIrely wIth traffIc control and enforcement and have
lImIted general polIce authorIty.
!
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The federal government provIdes a wIde varIety of polIce servIces. WIthIn the US 0epartment of
JustIce one fInds the 0rug Enforcement AdmInIstratIon and the Federal 8ureau of nvestIgatIon.

+#)#0'-$VK0#'K$%+$.(\#R!.S'!.%($
The Federal 8ureau of nvestIgatIon (F8) Is responsIble for InvestIgatIng vIolatIons of all federal
laws except those specIfIcally wIthIn the jurIsdIctIon of other federal agencIes. The F8 deals wIth
vIolatIons of sabotage, treason, and espIonage laws as well as Internal securIty matters. Although
the jurIsdIctIon of the 8ureau In crImInal matters Is lImIted, the F8 has responsIbIlIty for enforcIng
numerous federal laws IncludIng terrorIsm, kIdnappIng, extortIon, bank robbery, offenses InvolvIng
Interstate transportatIon, cIvIl rIghts vIolatIons, and assaultIng or kIllIng of a U.S. PresIdent.

A67

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The 0epartment of Treasury establIshed the
8ureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and FIrearms
(8ATF) to enforce laws relatIng to alcohol,
tobacco, fIrearms, and explosIves. The
objectIve of 8ATF Is to encourage voluntary
complIance wIth these laws and to mInImIze
wIllful vIolatIons.

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The 0rug Enforcement AdmInIstratIon (0EA),
an agency of the U.S. 0epartment of
JustIce, has the leadIng role In the fIght
agaInst drug abuse In our country. The
0EA's mIssIon Is to control narcotIc and
dangerous drug abuse effectIvely through
law enforcement, educatIon, traInIng, and
research actIvItIes.

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R#0\./#$
The mmIgratIon and NaturalIzatIon ServIce
(NS) admInIsters our country's ImmIgratIon
and naturalIzatIon laws. These statutes are
concerned wIth the admIssIon, exclusIon,
and deportatIon of alIens and the
naturalIzatIon of legal alIens.

.(!#0('-$0#\#(K#$R#0\./#$
The nternal Fevenue ServIce (FS) Is an
Important enforcement agency wIthIn the
0epartment of the Treasury.

KHRH$/KR!%NR$R#0\./#$
Customs Agents prevent smugglIng, and
customs revenue fraud, cargo thefts, and
traffIckIng Illegal narcotIcs.

KHR$)#,'0!N#(!$%+$'S0./K-!K0#$
The 0epartment of AgrIculture enforces
numerous laws desIgned to protect farmers,
the publIc, and the natIonal forests.

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The 0epartment of 0efense engages In law
enforcement of varIous kInds, IncludIng:
InvestIgatIng crImes wIthIn theIr own
jurIsdIctIons, provIdIng and controllIng
securIty for classIfIed projects, and
gatherIng IntellIgence, and operatIng
counterIntellIgence.



U.S. 0EPAFT|ENT DF THE NTEFDF

As custodIan of the natural resources of our
country, the 0epartment of the nterIor uses
some law enforcement personnel. They are
statIoned In places such as fIsh and wIldlIfe
preserves, hIstorIc sItes, terrItorIes,
reservatIons, and Island possessIons of the
UnIted States.

KHRH$N'0R"'-R$R#0\./#$
The U.S. |arshals ServIce operates
under the general authorIty of the
U.S. Attorney Ceneral In the courts
of the varIous federal dIstrIcts
throughout the UnIted States. n
each of the 94 U.S. judIcIal dIstrIcts,
a U.S. |arshal Is appoInted by the
PresIdent of the UnIted States to be
responsIble for dIrectIng the
actIvItIes of 0eputy U.S. |arshals
and supportIve staff. |arshals are
present at federal court proceedIngs
and carry out such responsIbIlItIes as
maIntaInIng order, removIng unruly
persons, accompanyIng and guardIng
prIsoners, servIcIng orders of the
court, and generally assIstIng the
court In carryIng out decIsIons.

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When It Is not delIverIng maIl, the U.S.
Postal ServIce also engages In law
enforcement actIvItIes. The Postal
nspectIon ServIce searches maIl for drugs,
bombs and chIld pornography. Even the
UnIted States State 0epartment, wIth Its
8ureau of 0IplomatIc SecurIty, has law
enforcement capabIlItIes.

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The U.S. Secret ServIce, created In 1865, Is
one of our natIon's oldest law enforcement
agencIes. t was orIgInally formed as a
bureau of the 0epartment of the Treasury
and was gIven the responsIbIlIty of
elImInatIng the counterfeItIng of currency as
well as the forgIng and cashIng of
government checks, bonds, and securItIes.
KLc$
A68
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LAW ENFDPCEhENT'S hA(*$"'!R$
!2:$NBC92$SBF:k$

DutlIne the followIng InformatIon and
exercIse on the board.

The UnIted States system of Law
Enforcement Is dIvIded Into three parts:
Local, State, Federal.

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ConsIsts of cItIes, towns, countIes,
aIrports, parks, sherIff's departments.
74 of all polIce offIcers are employed In
19,000 local agencIes and departments.

R!'!#Z$$
57 of an offIcer's tIme Is spent
patrollIng hIghways. State PolIce are also
responsIble for motor vehIcle regIstratIon
and drIver's lIcense examInatIons.

+#)#0'-Z$$
LImIted strIctly to enforcIng Federal
laws. |ore than 50 of all Federal
offIcers work for eIther the F8 or the
8ureau of Customs.

U@:=C85?$C2:$/B4:C=$
The followIng federal government
agencIes are workIng hard to protect you,
but why are theIr servIces more
approprIately handled by the federal
government and not by the cItIes or
states. where do they belong: Local,
state or federal:

K?8C:4$RCBC:=$/5B=C$S@B<4$
The U.S. Coast Cuard Is one of AmerIca's
fIve armed forces, and has been around
sInce 1790-even before the Navy! The
Coast Cuard's maIn duty Is, you guessed
It, to guard the coast. 8ut, that's just
the tIp of the Iceberg. The Coast Cuard
has a lot of other jobs as well, IncludIng
search and rescue, Ice patrol, stoppIng
polluters and maIntaInIng lIghthouses.


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The 0HS was formed after the events of
September 11th, 2001, to protect
AmerIca from foreIgn attacks. The 0HS Is
a collectIon of 22 government agencIes
that analyze IntellIgence and plan
responses to future emergencIes.
The 0HS also Issues "Threat
AdvIsorIes" usIng dIfferent colors
to tell you how alert to be.
Fed" Is the most serIous, and
Creen" Is the least serIous.

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,<5C:9C85?$
LIke the Coast Cuard protects
our shores, the 8ureau of
Customs and 8order ProtectIon
guards our borders and over J00
entryways Into the U.S. All
people, anImals and goods
passIng through our aIrports,
ports and roadsIde checkpoInts
are carefully Inspected. The 8ureau has
over J5,000 employees-and that's not
IncludIng all the dogs that snIff
contaIners for anythIng Illegal! To
dIscover more, vIsIt http://
cbp.customs.gov.


1. Name several types of law enforcement agencIes In thIs country:
2. What are the two best know state law enforcements unIts:
J. What Is the F8 responsIble for:
4. What does the US Secret ServIce do:
5. The 0epartment of Homeland SecurIty was developed because of
what event:
A69
|ost people would be surprIsed
to know that the offIce of
sherIff has a proud hIstory that
spans well over a thousand years, from the early |Iddle
Ages to our own hIghtech era.

WIth few exceptIons, today's sherIffs are elected offIcIals
who serve as the chIef lawenforcement offIcer for a
county.

Although the dutIes of the sherIff vary
from jurIsdIctIon to jurIsdIctIon, the
sherIff's offIce Is generally actIve In all
three branches of the crImInal justIce
system: law enforcement, the
courts and correctIons. ThIs
means that a sherIff's deputy
has jurIsdIctIon everywhere In
that county, IncludIng areas wIth
theIr own polIce departments.



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KLh$ SHEPIFF'S 0EPAPThENT$
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A70
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SHEPIFF'S 0EPAPThENT$
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&
The offIce of sherIff was a development that began over 1000 years ago In England. The
sherIff supreme was the law In the county and he was presIdent of Its court. He led
mIlItary forces of the shIre (a shIre Is sImIlar to a county In thIs country), executed all
wrIts (court orders), and, for the fIrst century after the Conquest, judged both crImInal
and cIvIl cases. From the tIme of Henry (reIgned 115489), however, hIs jurIsdIctIon
was severely restrIcted as a result of the growIng jurIsdIctIon of the curIa regIs (kIng's
court). HIs duty thereafter was to InvestIgate allegatIons of crIme from wIthIn hIs shIre,
to conduct a prelImInary examInatIon of the accused, to try lesser offenses, and to
detaIn those accused of major crImes for the ItInerant justIces.

The new offIces of coroner (fIrst mentIoned In 1194), of local constable (fIrst mentIoned
In 1242), and of justIces of the peace (fIrst known In the 12th century as custodIes pacIs,
keepers of the peace) all took work and dutIes from the sherIffs.

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&
n the UnIted States, the sherIff Is customarIly an elected publIc
offIcer In hIs county, the chIef executIve offIcer, and an offIcer of
the court, wIth a term usually of from two to four years. The deputy
Is appoInted by the sherIff and Is delegated dutIes. The sherIff and
deputy are peace offIcers and thus have the power of polIce offIcers
In the enforcement of crImInal law. 0eputy SherIffs are county law
enforcement offIcers who patrol assIgned dIstrIcts wIthIn theIr
jurIsdIctIon to enforce federal, state and local laws.
The majorIty of countIes throughout the US have the offIce of
SherIff, whIch In varyIng degrees has responsIbIlIty for county
polIcIng, jaIls, and court actIvItIes. They may also assume some of
the functIons of the local polIce department and are empowered to
call out the posse comItatus (the force of the county, a
summonIng of prIvate cItIzens to assIst In maIntaInIng peace). The
term "posse: derIves from thIs and Is stIll used In many parts of the
country.

The SherIff's 0epartment Is also responsIble for IssuIng traffIc cItatIons on county roads,
performIng traffIc dutIes In desIgnated geographIc areas and maIntaInIng order durIng
publIc demonstratIons and parades. They also are responsIble for enforcIng laws In
county and state parks and game reserves.


As Thomas Jefferson wrote In hIs "THE 7ALUE DF CDNSTTUTDNS", the DffIce of
SherIff Is the most Important of all the executIve offIces of the county.

x How does the offIce of SherIff dIffer from that of ChIef of PolIce:
x What Is the tradItIonal model for SherIff's as defIned from western movIes:
x How do you suppose a SherIff's role In the communIty has changed sInce the days of
the old west:


7+(02'(516+(5,))6'(3$570(17(
SherIffs and deputy sherIffs enforce the law on the county level. SherIffs are usually
elected to theIr posts and perform dutIes sImIlar to those of a local or county polIce
A71
chIef. SherIffs' departments tend to be relatIvely small, most havIng fewer than 25
sworn offIcers. A deputy sherIff In a large agency wIll have law enforcement dutIes
sImIlar to those of offIcers In urban polIce departments. NatIonwIde, about 40
percent of fulltIme sworn deputIes are unIformed offIcers assIgned to patrol and
respond to calls, 12 percent are InvestIgators, J0 percent are assIgned to jaIlrelated
dutIes, and 11 percent perform courtrelated dutIes, wIth the balance In
admInIstratIon. PolIce and sherIffs' deputIes who provIde securIty In cIty and county
courts are sometImes called baIlIffs. That's the person who holds the bIble on whIch
for a wItness to swear to tell the whole truth, and nothIng but the truth. Although It
varIes from county to county, here are some common dIvIsIons wIthIn a SherIff's
0epartment.

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The patrol dIvIsIon Is responsIble for preventIng crIme and maIntaInIng peace
throughout the county. As a part of routIne patrol, the deputIes check suspIcIous
IncIdents and persons, enforce state laws and county resolutIons, make arrests, check
busInesses and resIdences for securIty, conduct crImInal InvestIgatIons, work wIth
juvenIles, InvestIgate farm, IndustrIal and traffIc accIdents, check clubs and taverns,
and handle many other sItuatIons as they occur. The deputIes must be knowledgeable
of the cItIzens' needs and be prepared to assIst at any tIme.

*.%7(2%"%/%!3(
Dne of the largest dIvIsIons wIthIn the SherIff's department,
jaIlers are prImarIly responsIble for the safety and securIty of the
jaIl facIlIty, the Inmates and of the offIcers. When a person Is
lodged In jaIl, a jaIler enters pertInent InformatIon In the
computer and takes several sets of fIngerprInts and a photograph
(mug shot). When a person Is released from jaIl certaIn
computer work and paperwork must also be completed. All these
Items along wIth other documents are routed to the Fecords
0IvIsIon for further handlIng, dIssemInatIon and fIlIng.

+!6$,/(2%"%/%!3(
n many countIes, the SherIff's 0epartment provIdes securIty for local courts, as well
as safe transfer and handlIng of prIsoners. The Courts 0IvIsIon Is responsIble for
maIntaInIng order In the court rooms. ThIs dIvIsIon has court transfer responsIbIlItIes,
whIch Involves takIng prIsoners from the JaIl 0IvIsIons to the courts.

x The Courts 0IvIsIon also may Include the FrIend of the Court Enforcement UnIt.
x ThIs UnIt seeks out IndIvIduals who have become delInquent In theIr chIld
support payments. ThIs unIt serves FrIend of the Court warrants for nonsupport
payments.
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The Felony warrants sectIon tracks down fugItIves and serves arrest warrants.
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The CrImInal nvestIgatIons 0IvIsIon (C0) Is responsIble for any InvestIgatIons
conducted by the SherIff's DffIce that are of a crImInal nature. nvestIgators are
extensIvely traIned In all types of InvestIgatIons to Include homIcIde, rapes, chIld
molestatIon, chIld abuse, property crImes, and all facets from crIme scene processIng
to IntervIewIng.

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A72
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The AmerIcan WIld West earned Its reputatIon
as a land of adventure and lawlessness. A vast
area wIth serIous Issues of crIme, dIsorder,
vIce, and vIolence, the pIoneers of the old
West were In desperate need of some form of
law enforcement.

The offIce of sherIff, wIth Its establIshed
background and hIstory, was a natural balance
for thIs envIronment. Cenerally, communIty
resIdents selected a sherIff by popular vote.

The expansIve and sparsely populated
countrysIde was a perfect fIt for the county
wIde jurIsdIctIon of the SherIff's DffIce. The
SherIff dealt wIth the Isolated nature of the
frontIer by havIng the abIlIty to raIse a posse
as tIme and cIrcumstance dIctated.

The posse was a group of cItIzens who
volunteered to assIst the SherIff In trackIng
down a crImInal suspect. As cItIzens of the
communIty, It was In theIr own best Interest
to see that justIce was served.

The followIng two profIles Illustrate the wIld
sIde of law enforcement In the old west.
!
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Pat Carrett was born In Alabama on June 5,
1850. Pat decIded to become a lawman. n
1880, he pInned on a star for the fIrst tIme as
a deputy sherIff of LIncoln County, N| Soon he
ran for the top slot of sherIff. He easIly won
the electIon. HIs fIrst and greatest assIgnment
was to stop 8Illy The KId, the most notorIous
desperado and kIller In the WIld West.

Carrett and hIs posse fIrst caught up wIth the
KId and returned hIm for trIal. He was found
guIlty, and whIle awaItIng hIs hangIng, 8Illy
managed to kIll both of hIs jaIlers durIng hIs
escape from the county lockup. After
trackIng The KId, Carrett sneaked Into 8Illy's
hotel room and upon hIs return, Carrett kIlled
hIm. The kIllIng brought Carrett Instant fame
and notorIety.

$$&.-)$V.--$"./1%1!
Dn August 2, 1876, the blast of a Colt
Peacemaker rang out above the sounds of the
saloon patrons In 0eadwood, South 0akota's
Number Ten Saloon. The bullet drove through
the skull of the seated card player and came
to rest In the arm of the man he was opposIng.
As the man slumped to hIs death he was stIll
holdIng hIs cards. He had aces and eIghts,
whIch would have been the wInnIng hand. ThIs
varIatIon of cards would from that tIme on be
known as the dead man's hand.

The dead man was none other than the
notorIous WIld 8Ill HIckok, who would breathe
hIs last breath at age thIrtynIne. t ended the
spectacular career of a gunman and a lawman.
He was credIted wIth kIllIng some thIrty to
eIghtyfIve men, dependIng on who was doIng
the countIng.
The WIld addItIon to the name was surely
deserved. After several documented and
notorIous kIllIngs he was appoInted a deputy
U.S. marshal. n 1869, WIld 8Ill was appoInted
sherIff of EllIs County, Kansas to fIll a
temporary vacancy.
1. What does a modern sherIff do:
2. What other dutIes were gIven to earlIer sherIff's:
J. Where dId the offIce of the sherIff begIn:
4. Where dId the term "posse" come from:
5. Name the dIvIsIons wIthIn a sherIff's department:
A7J
State polIce offIcers (sometImes
called state troopers or hIghway
patrol offIcers) arrest crImInals
StatewIde and patrol hIghways to
enforce motor vehIcle laws and
regulatIons.

UnIformed offIcers are best
known for IssuIng traffIc cItatIons
to motorIsts who vIolate the law.
At the scene of accIdents, they may dIrect traffIc, gIve
fIrst aId, and call for emergency equIpment.

They also wrIte reports used to
determIne the cause of the
accIdent. State polIce offIcers are
frequently called upon to render
assIstance to other law enforcement
agencIes, especIally those In rural
areas or small towns.

Each state Is dIfferent, though. n heavIly rural states lIke
Alaska, the State Troopers do a lot of regIonal polIcIng,
InvestIgatIng crImes such as assault and burglary. n South
0akota, a state known for Its recreatIonal areas, that
state polIce department's jurIsdIctIon Is prImarIly game
and fIshIng law.

SInce each state Is dIfferent, It means that you could get
a speedIng tIcket from a state trooper In Utah; arrested
by an Alaska state trooper for robbIng someone, and
wrItten up for fIshIng offseason In South 0akota. t all
depends on the state's partIcular needs and jurIsdIctIons.





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IIce departments don't exIst, such
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7ehIcles, large and small, consume a
large percentage of a law enforcer's tIme
on duty. State troopers are requIred to:

x Enforce traffIc and parkIng laws and
ordInances
x nvestIgate traffIc accIdents
x Check vehIcles for proper
regIstratIon
x Fequest emergency assIstance for
accIdents
x dentIfy owners of vehIcles Involved
In accIdents
x Control, regulate, and dIrect traffIc,
vehIcular and pedestrIan
x Locate wItnesses to accIdents
x 0Irect traffIc usIng barrIers, flares,
and hand sIgnals
x AdmInIster roadsIde sobrIety tests
x Follow suspIcIous vehIcles
x Dperate breathalyzer test apparatus
x Femove hazards from roadway
x Arrange for obtaInIng blood or urIne
samples for sobrIety tests
x Collect physIcal evIdence from
accIdent scenes
x AId the Injured
x AssIst stranded motorIsts
x |easure skId marks
x ssue parkIng cItatIons

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State polIce offIcers provIde servIces to
motorIsts on the hIghways. For example,
they may radIo for road servIce for
drIvers wIth mechanIcal trouble, dIrect
tourIsts to theIr destInatIon, or gIve
InformatIon about lodgIng, restaurants,
and tourIst attractIons.
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State polIce offIcers also provIde traffIc
assIstance and control durIng road
repaIrs, fIres, and other emergencIes, as
well as durIng specIal occurrences such as
parades and sportIng events. They
sometImes check the weIght of
commercIal vehIcles, conduct drIver
examInatIons, and gIve InformatIon on
hIghway safety to the
publIc.

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State PolIce also must
enforce crImInal laws. n
communItIes and countIes
that do not have a local
polIce force or a large
sherIff's department, the State polIce are
the prImary law enforcement agency,
InvestIgatIng crImes such as burglary or
assault. They also may help cIty or
county polIce catch lawbreakers and
control cIvIl dIsturbances.

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A state trooper most often enforces
traffIc laws. The followIng are among the
most commonly broken traffIc laws.
(Laws may vary slIghtly from state to
state.) FevIew and dIscuss.

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No person may operate a motor vehIcle In
a publIc place whIle consumIng an
alcoholIc beverage.
PenaltIes Class C |Isdemeanor: S500
fIne.

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A person Is guIlty of 0rIvIng wIthout
nsurance who operates a motor vehIcle
wIthout a motor vehIcle lIabIlIty
Insurance polIcy In effect.
PenaltIes |Isdemeanor: Up to S500 In
fInes
Up to 6 months In jaIl

+B87@<:$C5$%>=:<A:$!<B;;89$R8D?B7=$
No drIver may faIl to comply wIth a
traffIc sIgnal or faIl to stop at a stop sIgn
at the stop lIne, crosswalk or place where
that person has a vIew of approachIng
traffIc.
PenaltIes |Isdemeanor: S1 to S200 In
fInes

A75
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A person Is guIlty of drunk drIvIng who
operates a motor vehIcle In a publIc
place whIle IntoxIcated and (1) who does
not have normal use of mental or
physIcal facIlItIes due to alcohol or drugs
or (2) who has an alcohol concentratIon
of .10 or more.
FIrst 7IolatIon Class 8 |Isdemeanor: Up
to S2,000 In fInes and 72 hours to 180
days In jaIl
Second 7IolatIon Class A |Isdemeanor:
Up to S4,000 In fInes and J0 days to 1
year In jaIl
ThIrd 7IolatIon Felony Jrd degree:
Up to S10,000 In fInes and
2 years to 10 years In jaIl
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ThIs Is one of the most vIolated laws.
When an emergency vehIcle wIth Its
lIghts flashIng and sIren soundIng
approaches, you must pull over to the
sIde of the road and stop. ThIs gIves the
emergency vehIcle a clear path.

)5$(5C$/<5==$C2:$N:48B?$5<$,<8ABC:$
,<56:<C3$
t Is Illegal to drIve across ANY medIan.
JumpIng the medIan to get on the
frontage road when traffIc Is congested
on the freeway Is not only Illegal and
dangerous, It's arrogant. You're no more
Important than anyone else stuck on the
hIghway.

Along the same lInes, It Is also Illegal to
cross prIvate property wIthout stoppIng
or for the purpose of turnIng left or rIght
from one road to another. n other
words, It's Illegal to cutthrough the gas
statIon at the corner so you don't have to
stop at the stop sIgn or red lIght or to
avoId the lIne of cars waItIng at the sIgn
or lIght.







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x The drIver claIms they were honestly
mIstaken about the law. For example, If
a drIver tells the judge that they honestly
thought It was okay to just slow down
Instead of stoppIng at a blInkIng red
lIght, hIs reply Is almost sure to be,
Sorry, Ignorance of a law really Is no
excuse.

x The drIver argues that theIr vIolatIon
dIdn't harm anybody. AgaIn, sorry, every
one Is legally requIred to stop at a red
lIght even If It's J:00 a.m. and no other
vehIcle Is movIng wIthIn
two mIles.

x The offIcer was
pIckIng on me. ThIs Is
called selectIve en
forcement and Is often
raIsed by a motorIst who
claIms the tIcketIng offIcer Ignored oth
ers who were also vIolatIng the law. t Is
almost ImpossIble to wIn thIs one unless
the drIver can prove that the offIcer had
a motIve to sIngle them out.

x The drIver tells a sympathetIc story.
The fact that theIr chIld, theIr mother or
theIr parakeet was Ill wIll not get them
off. At best, the judge may reduce theIr
fIne a lIttle.

x The drIver questIons the offIcer In
hopes that he wIll slIp up.





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1. What Is another name for the state polIce:
2. Why would all sate polIce departments be dIfferent from an other:
J. Name 2 traffIc vIolatIons and theIr consequences:
4. Name a traffIc law that gets no respect:
5. Name a common excuse for fIghtIng a vIolatIon and why It does not
work:
Cadets vIsIt wIth a Texas Trooper.


The followIng questIons should be dIscussed In class or turned In as an
assIgnment.
1. Why Is a helIcopter so valuable In the hIghspeed pursuIt:
2. Why are hIghspeed pursuIts so dangerous:
J. At what poInt do polIce put the publIc safety fIrst:

0Iscuss the responsIbIlIty of puttIng the safety of others fIrst.
A77
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Everybody loves a
good mystery, and
the Federal 8ureau
of nvestIgatIon Is focused on solvIng those mysterIes. The
F.8.. InvestIgates vIolatIons of all federal laws, except
for those specIfIcally covered by other federal agencIes
lIke the 0EA.

The names of the crImes that the F8 deals wIth certaInly
sound lIke the stuff of movIes: sabotage, treason,
espIonage. 8ut a lot of what the 8ureau does day to day
Includes fInger prIntIng, laboratory examInatIons, polIce
traInIng, publIshIng the annual UnIform CrIme Feports,
and admInIstratIon of the NatIonal CrIme
nformatIon Center.

A team of people workIng together to
publIsh a book of crIme reports doesn't
look especIally excItIng on screen, so we
don't see much about that In movIes.

Fegardless of how excItIng It looks, the
F8 performs a crucIally Important role In
AmerIcan law enforcement.




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FevIew the followIng questIons and answers descrIbIng the role of the F8 In natIonal law enforcement efforts.
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The F8 Is the most Important law enforcement agency of the U.S. Covernment. They are charged wIth the
enforcement of over 200 federal laws. However, sInce September 11th, the F8's fIrst prIorIty has been to
protect the UnIted States from terrorIst attacks.

The F8 focuses on threats that challenge the foundatIons of AmerIcan socIety or Involve dangers too large or
complex for any local or state authorIty to handle alone. n executIng the followIng prIorItIes, the F8 produces
and uses IntellIgence to protect the natIon from threats and to brIng to justIce those who vIolate the law.
1. Protect the UnIted States from terrorIst attack.
2. Protect the UnIted States agaInst foreIgn IntellIgence operatIons and espIonage
J. Protect the UnIted States agaInst cyberbased attacks and hIghtechnology crImes
4. Combat publIc corruptIon at all levels
5. Protect cIvIl rIghts
6. Combat transnatIonal/natIonal crImInal organIzatIons and enterprIses
7. Combat major whItecollar crIme
8. Combat sIgnIfIcant vIolent crIme
9. Support federal state, local and InternatIonal partners
10. Upgrade technology to successfully perform the F8's mIssIon

Dther dutIes Include, but are not lImIted to:
8ank robberIes
Theft of Covernment property
DrganIzed crIme
EspIonage (spyIng)
Sabotage (delIberately damagIng or destructIon of property)
KIdnappIng
TerrorIsm

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As of |ay J1, 2011, the F8 had a total of J5,4J7 employees. That Includes 1J,96J specIal agents and 21,474
support professIonals, such as IntellIgence and analysts, language specIalIsts, scIentIsts, InformatIon technology
specIalIsts, and other professIonals.

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Any author, televIsIon scrIpt wrIter, or producer may consult wIth the F8 about closed cases on theIr
operatIons, servIces, or hIstory. However, there Is no requIrement that they do so, and the F8 does not edIt or
approve theIr work. Some authors, televIsIon programs, or motIon pIcture producers offer reasonably accurate
presentatIons of the responsIbIlItIes, InvestIgatIons, and procedures In theIr story lInes, whIle others present
theIr own InterpretatIons or Introduce fIctIonal events, persons, or places for dramatIc effect.
!
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n the UnIted States and Its terrItorIes, F8 SpecIal Agents may make arrests for any federal offense commItted
In theIr presence, or when they have probably cause to belIeve that the person to be arrested has commItted,
or Is commIttIng, a felony vIolatIon (crImInal act) of U.S. laws. ConcernIng arrests on foreIgn soIl, F8 SpecIal
Agents generally do not have authorIty outsIde the US except In certaIn cases where, wIth the consent of the
host country, Congress has granted the F8 extra terrItorIal power.

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CItIzens should never place themselves In harm's way or conduct theIr own InvestIgatIons. nstead, any
suspIcIous actIvIty about matters under F8 jurIsdIctIon should be reported to the F8 promptly.

A79

.;$ B$ 92874$ 8=$ F8==8?D$ B?4$ 65==8>73$ J84?B66:4E$ >@C$ ?5$ 8?C:<=CBC:$
C<B?=65<CBC85?$8=$=@=6:9C:4E$I877$C2:$+V.$>:D8?$B?$8?A:=C8DBC85?P$

Yes, the F8 wIll InItIate a kIdnappIng InvestIgatIon InvolvIng a mIssIng
chIld (generally twelve years or younger) even though there Is no known
Interstate flIght. The F8 wIll monItor other kIdnappIng sItuatIons when
there Is no evIdence of Interstate travel and can offer assIstance from
the F8 Laboratory and the ChIld AbductIon and SerIal KIller UnIt.

$&2BC$8=$C2:$+V._=$<57:$8?$95@?C:<$C:<<5<8=FP$

Today, the F8 Is part of a vast natIonal and InternatIonal campaIgn
dedIcated to defeatIng terrorIsm. WorkIng handInhand wIth partners In
law enforcement, IntellIgence, the mIlItary, and dIplomatIc cIrcles, the
F8's job Is to neutralIze terrorIst cells and operatIves here In the U.S.
and to help dIsmantle terrorIst networks worldwIde.

The F8 Is unIquely sItuated to fIght terrorIsm, they have both domestIc
IntellIgence and law enforcement capabIlItIes. ThIs gIves the F8 a full
range of optIons to pursue InvestIgatIons, enablIng them not only to
detect terrorIst threats through surveIllance, source development, and
careful analysIs, but to act agaInst those threats through arrest and
IncarceratIon.

At the same tIme, the F8 can mobIlIze quIckly and comprehensIvely to
prevent attacks thanks to a worldwIde network of dedIcated SpecIal
Agents and theIr longstandIng relatIonshIps wIth federal, state, local,
and InternatIonal partners. The F8 has nearly a century of experIence of
workIng wIthIn the boundarIes of the
ConstItutIon, protectIng cIvIl lIbertIes.

(;)%(F(-#$.72$9(!;(,-#(;)%(/#.7(((

Each symbol and color In the F8 seal has
specIal sIgnIfIcance. For example, the
domInant blue fIeld of the seal and the
scales on the shIeld represent justIce.

The cIrcle of 1J stars denotes unIty of
purpose as exemplIfIed by the orIgInal colonIes whIch became the fIrst
states.

The Laurel leaf has, sInce early cIvIlIzatIon, symbolIzed academIc
honors, dIstInctIon and fame. There are 46 Laurel leaves In the two
branches, sInce there were 46 states In the UnIon when the F8 was
founded In 1908.

The sIgnIfIcance of the red and whIte parallel strIpes lIes In theIr colors.
Fed tradItIonally stands for courage, valor, strength, whIle whIte
conveys cleanlIness, lIght, truth, and peace. As In the AmerIcan Flag, the
red bars exceed the whIte by one.

The motto, "FIdelIty, 8ravery, ntegrIty, succInctly descrIbes the
motIvatIng force behInd the men and women of the F8.

The peaked beveled edge whIch cIrcumscrIbes the seal symbolIzes the
severe challenges confrontIng the F8 and the ruggedness of the
organIzatIon. The gold color In the seal conveys Its overall value.

KLf$
A80
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E,#3(8!/,(&.3,#2(;6:%,%"#/E((
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ThIs lIst Is desIgned to publIcIze partIcularly
dangerous fugItIves who mIght not otherwIse
merIt natIonwIde attentIon. The F8 values and
recognIzes the need for
publIc assIstance In
trackIng fugItIves.

FevIew the followIng
questIons wIth the
cadets. Supplement the
answers provIded wIth
current events and any personal knowledge of
the InformatIon provIded.

"%&$N'(*$+KS.!.\#R$"'\#$V##($/',!K0#)$
)K#$!%$,KV-./$'RR.RR!'(/#P!
Dne hundred and forty of the Ten |ost Wanted
FugItIves apprehensIons have resulted from
cItIzens recognItIon of fugItIves through thIs
publIcIty program.

&"%$'/!K'--*$)#/.)#R$&"./"$+KS.!.\#R$S%$
%($!"#$-.R!P!
The CrImInal nvestIgatIve 0IvIsIon (C0) at F8
Headquarters calls upon all 56 FIeld DffIces to
submIt candIdates for the F8's Ten |ost Wanted
FugItIves lIst. The nomInees receIved are
revIewed by SpecIal Agents In the C0 and the
DffIce of PublIc and CongressIonal AffaIrs. The
selectIon of the proposed candIdate(s) Is
forwarded to the AssIstant 0Irector of the C0
for hIs/her approval and then to the F8's 0eputy
0Irector for fInal approval.

&"#($'0#$+KS.!.\#R$0#N%\#)$+0%N$!"#$
-.R!P!
Ten |ost Wanted FugItIves are only removed
from the lIst when they meet one of the
followIng condItIons.
x He/She Is captured.
x The charges are dropped thIs Is not an F8
decIsIon.
x He/She no longer fIts Ten |ost Wanted
FugItIves crIterIa.

n the fIve cases where
fugItIves were removed
for the thIrd reason, It
was determIned that
each fugItIve was no
longer consIdered to be
a partIcularly
dangerous menace to
socIety. When a fugItIve Is removed from the
lIst, another Is added to take hIs or her place.

!0,%!3.7(.+,%"%,9'(
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F8 SpecIal Agents always make for excItIng
guest speakers. We encourage you to arrange for
an agent to address your cadets. PrIor to the
Cuest Speaker's presentatIon (preferably durIng
the prevIous class perIod), revIew wIth the
cadets the specIal agent's professIonal dutIes.
Ask each cadet to wrIte fIve questIons for the
speaker In theIr journal.

R@DD:=C:4$G@:=C85?=$;5<$C2:$=6:BJ:<Z$

1. Why can't local polIce handle the kInds of
crImes the F8 InvestIgates:
2. What kInd of person makes for a successful
agent:
J. How does the uncertaInty that the agency
wIll relocate you affect raIsIng a famIly:
4. What Is the greatest crImInal challenge to
the agency as we enter the next century:
5. How have T7 shows lIke the XFIles helped
or hurt your relatIons wIth the publIc:
6. What Is the greatest mIsconceptIon
about workIng for the F8:
1. What Is the mIssIon of the F8:
2. What types of crIme does the F8 InvestIgate:
J. What entIty serves as checks and balances for the F8: ExplaIn.
4. 0oes the F8 have the rIght to arrest you ,If you have commItted
a crIme In the U.S and then moved to another country:
5. What resources can the F8 provIde local law enforcement when
a kIdnappIng occurs: !
A81
When the 20th century began, the UnIted
StatesgrapplIng wIth Its fIrst drug
epIdemIcgradually InstItuted
effectIve restrIctIons: at home
through domestIc law enforcement
and overseas by spearheadIng a
world movement to lImIt opIum
and coca crops. 8y World War ,
AmerIcan drug use had become so
rare, It was seen as a margInal socIal
problem. The fIrst epIdemIc was
forgotten.

However, durIng the 1960s, drugs lIke marIjuana,
amphetamInes, and psychedelIcs came on the scene, and a
new generatIon embraced drugs. WIth the drug culture
explodIng, our government developed new laws and agencIes
to address the problem.


WhIle AmerIcan crImInals once controlled drug traffIckIng on
U.S. soIl, today sophIstIcated and powerful crImInal groups
headquartered In foreIgn countrIes control the drug trade In
the UnIted States.

The goal of the 0EA Is to target the most notorIous drug
traffIckers and dIsmantle theIr global networks.





R8?9:$ C2:$ LfC2$ 9:?C@<3$
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A82
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(
The 0rug Enforcement AdmInIstratIon was created by PresIdent FIchard
NIxon through an ExecutIve Drder In July 197J In order to establIsh a sIngle
unIfIed command to combat "an allout global war on the drug menace."
At Its onset, 0EA had 1,470 SpecIal Agents and a budget of less than S75
mIllIon. Today the 0EA has more than 5,200 SpecIal Agents and a budget of
more than S2.6 bIllIon, workIng not only In every state across the US, but
also In countrIes around the world. n fact, the 0EA's bIggest challenge
today Is the dramatIc evolutIon of InternatIonal organIzed crIme.

The mIssIon of the 0rug Enforcement AdmInIstratIon (0EA) Is to enforce the
controlled substances laws and regulatIons of the UnIted States and brIng to
the crImInal and cIvIl justIce system of the UnIted States, or any other com
petent jurIsdIctIon, those organIzatIons and prIncIpal members of organIza
tIons, Involved In the growIng, manufacture, or dIstrIbutIon of controlled
substances appearIng In or destIned for IllIcIt traffIc In the UnIted States,
and to recommend and support nonenforcement programs aImed at reduc
Ing the avaIlabIlIty of IllIcIt controlled substances on the domestIc and In
ternatIonal markets.

WhIle AmerIcan crImInals once controlled drug traffIckIng on U.S. soIl,
today sophIstIcated and powerful crImInal groups headquartered In
foreIgn countrIes control the drug trade In the UnIted States.

The goal of the 0EA Is to target the most notorIous drug traffIckers and
dIsmantle theIr global networks.
(
.(8.//%"#(632#$,.4%3:(
In 2002, around 14 million Americans were using illegal drugs
on a regular basis, a number that has not risen since 1999.
Americans spent roughly $64 billion on illegal drugs in 2000.
That's over three times as much as the government spends
fighting drugs.
!
The National Office of Drug Control Policy spends around $19 billion
a year trying to stop the drug trade. Drug use in the U.S.
costs billions more, through crime, hospital stays, and indi-
rectly lost work days.
!
The "war on drugs" is being waged on many fronts; both to
slow the supply of drugs flowing into the U.S. and to reduce
the demand for drugs. This includes tougher punishments
for drug users and dealers, increased enforcement of anti-
drug laws, and international efforts to help other nations
with their own anti-drug programs.
But what exactly is the war on drugs and how do we fight
it?
!








A8J

;%:-,%3:(,-#(&.$(!
The fight against drug use in the U.S. dates back to the late 1800s. Be-
fore then, the dangers of some drugs were not fully known and the gov-
ernment did little to regulate them.
!
The original Coca-Cola beverage, first created in 1886, got its name from
one of its main ingredients: cocaine. It was marketed as "a nerve and
brain tonic" and a cure for headaches. But it wasn't long before people
realized that cocaine was dangerously addictive, and the creators of
what would one day become the world's most popular soft drink elimi-
nated the drug from the recipe around 1900. Since then a lot has
changed.
!
.(3#&(:#3#$.,%!3(!;(2$6:/(
New drugs have been discovered and invented, and public
opinion has swung back and forth. In 1971, President Richard
Nixon called drug use "public enemy number one," and enact-
ed laws to fight the importation of narcotics.

Ten years later, President Ronald Reagan declared a more mil-
itant "war on drugs." But it was his wife, First Lady Nancy
Reagan, who coined: "Just Say No."
!
-!&(,!(;%:-,(,-#(&.$!
Many think the best way to limit drug use is to help people
understand how harmful it is. Drugs can destroy health, careers, mar-
riages, families and whole neighborhoods. Almost every American teen-
ager gets some drug education in school as early as elementary school.

But some people, including a minority of police officers, advocate a more
radical solution to the drug problem: legalize it. They cite Prohibition of
alcohol in the early 1900s, and its dismal failure at combatting the prob-
lem of alcoholism, even though the ban of alcohol was added to the US
Constitution, which requires ratification by three-quarters of the US
states.

The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States
Constitution (along with the Volstead Act, which defined "intoxicating
liquors to exclude those used for religious purposes) established Prohi-
bition in the United States. The Amendment was unique in setting a
time delay before it would take effect following ratification, and in setting
a time limit for this ratification by the states, its ratification was certified
on January 16, 1919.

Demand for liquor continued, and the new law resulted in the criminali-
zation of producers, suppliers, transporters and consumers. The police,
courts and prisons were overwhelmed with new cases; organized crime
increased in power, and corruption extended among law enforcement
officials.

When alcohol was made illegal, underground breweries and distilleries
sprang up and flourished, secret, hidden clubs called "speak-easys took
root literally behind the walls and in the basements of "respectable
businesses, the price of alcohol skyrocketed, and mobs of gangsters
killed each other in an effort to control this huge illegal market. In gen-
eral, the use of alcohol did not go down. The amendment was repealed
in 1933 by ratification of the twenty-first amendment, the only instance
in United States history of repeal of a constitutional amendment.
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Some people contend that the lessons oI prohibition
should be applied to drugs. II drugs were legal, they
argue, the government could control it and earn tax
revenue Irom it. More importantly, prices would go
down, and so would the huge proIit margins Ior
dealers.

Drug gangs would have less incentive and drug-related
violence would decrease. Most oI all, say proponents
oI legalization, drug use would be treated as a medical
problem, not a legal problem. Alcohol and nicotine
are legal drugs and they kill Iar more people every
year than marijuana or cocaine. Non-violent drug
users should be put in treatment, they say, not prison.
(
The American public has not bought into
the idea of legalization on a large scale.
Most people still think that the government
has an obligation to try to keep drugs off
the street and to punish people who
manufacture, sell and use them.
!
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Illegal drugs are produced on farms, in
laboratories, and in backyards all across
the world. Although millions of dollars
worth of drugs are produced within our
borders, millions more also come from
other countries on boats, planes and in
drug smugglers' suitcases.
!
6/.:#!
Drug use in the U.S. peaked in the late
1970's. Since then, drug use has declined
or leveled-off among most age groups, but
many anti-drug experts are worried the
trend could start to rise again unless young
people are taught how dangerous drugs
can be.

.$#(&#(&%33%3:(,-#(&.$1(
Many believe the only way to win the war
against drugs is to go beyond teaching that
drug use is wrong, and make drugs more
difficult to get and more expensive to get.
Many people are trapped in urban
environments where selling drugs is the
best or sometimes the only way to make
money. Others turn to drugs as an easy
way to "feel good" fast and escape from
worries or problems that they don't know
how to handle.

It is a growing belief that the booming drug
trade and high addiction rates are rooted in
these deeper social problems and it is
going to take a lot more than police
crackdowns to solve them.
(
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What Is the best way to stop the drug trade and
end addIctIon: Should some drugs be legalIzed:
Are teens becomIng numb to antIdrug
messages:

+.S"!.(S$)0KSR$!"0%KS"$!"#$N#).'$
The government uses televIsIon, radIo, movIe
traIlers, the Internet, and celebrIty
spokespeople to delIver antIdrug messages.

SAYINC "ND' SINCE THE 180S$
The WhIte House started to take on the teenage
drug problem In the 1980's wIth FIrst Lady Nancy
Feagan and her "Just Say No" campaIgn.
CommercIals such as "ThIs s Your 8raIn Dn
0rugs" have been produced sInce 1987.

"THE FDF800EN FFUT PHENDNE|DN"
CrItIcs say the ads have the same problems that
the antIcIgarette campaIgns have. They say the
ads create a "forbIdden fruIt phenomenon"
temptIng youths Into usIng IllIcIt drugs. These
crItIcs argue that the money would be better
spent buIldIng healthy alternatIves lIke school
programs and communIty centers.
What do your cadets thInk:!

1. What Is the goal of the 0EA:
2. What does 0EA stand for:
J. What jurIsdIctIon does the 0EA oversee:
4. LIst three dutIes of a 0EA agent.
5. LIst two qualIfIcatIons you mIght need to become a 0EA agent.!
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A85

QuestIon: What law
enforcement agency
wIll probably be sent to apprehend them: The local polIce
from Texas: The local authorItIes from Colorado or
CalIfornIa:

The U.S. |arshal, that's who!

As you may remember from "The FugItIve,"
wIth HarrIson Ford, the U.S. |arshals have
prImary jurIsdIctIon for catchIng fugItIves
and escaped federal prIsoners.

The |arshals use both tradItIonal
methods and sophIstIcated technologIes
for fugItIve InvestIgatIons, IncludIng
tactIcal equIpment, electronIc surveIllance
and aerIal surveIllance. TactIcal equIpment
Includes covert audIo and vIdeo alarms and sensors; dIgItal,
narrowband, encrypted wIreless communIcatIons; and
radIo and satellIte communIcatIons equIpment, such as
tactIcal repeaters, base statIons and portable tower
traIlers.




Let's say a crImInal steals a car In CalIfor
nIa. Then decIdes to move to Texas, where
he or she Is caught stealIng another car.
The person Is caught, convIcted and sent to
HuntsvIlle, Texas to serve tIme In a jaIl.
However, beIng quIte the clever crImInal,
they escape from jaIl and are spotted In New Drleans.
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A86
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The U.S. |arshals ServIce Is the
natIon's oldest and most versatIle
federal law enforcement agency.
SInce 1789, U.S. |arshals have
served the natIon through a varIety
of vItal law enforcement actIvItIes.
(
The |arshals ServIce occupIes a
unIquely central posItIon In the
federal justIce system. t Is Involved
In vIrtually every federal law
enforcement InItIatIve.
ApproxImately 4,000 0eputy
|arshals and career employees
perform the followIng natIonwIde,
daytoday mIssIons:

x FugItIve nvestIgatIons
x ProtectIng the Courts
x PrIsoner Custody and
TransportatIon
x WItness SecurIty
x Asset SeIzure
x SpecIal DperatIons and
Programs
!
;6:%,%"#(%3"#/,%:.,%!3/((
The U.S. |arshals ServIce has
prImary jurIsdIctIon natIonwIde In
conductIng and InvestIgatIng matters
InvolvIng escaped federal prIsoners,
probatIon, parole, bond default
vIolators and warrants generated by
0rug Enforcement AdmInIstratIon
(0EA) InvestIgatIons and certaIn
other related felony cases.

n 2010, the |arshals apprehended
more than J6,100 federal fugItIves,
clearIng approxImately J9,100 felo
ny warrants.
(
!
8!/,(&.3,#2(;6:%F
,%"#/!
The |arshals ServIce has maIntaIned
Its own 15 |ost Wanted fugItIves
lIst sInce 198J. The hIghprofIle lIst
Includes AmerIca's most dangerous
career crImInals.

nvestIgatIons carrIed out by the
men and women of the |arshals
ServIce result In the annual
apprehensIon of about J0,000
fugItIve felons. Dver the last fIve
years, |arshals ServIce personnel
apprehended more than 1J0,000
fugItIves In both the UnIted States
and foreIgn countrIes.
!
0$!,#+,%3:(,-#(+!6$,/((
US |arshals provIde personal
protectIon to federal judges, court
offIcIals, wItnesses, and jurors. ThIs
means ensurIng securIty and
maIntaInIng decorum wIthIn the
courtroom Itself, as well as personal
protectIon for judIcIal offIcers,
wItnesses, and when warranted,
jurors away from the court facIlItIes.

The U.S. |arshals ServIce assumes
custody of IndIvIduals arrested by all
federal agencIes and Is responsIble
for the housIng and transportatIon of
prIsoners from the tIme they are
brought Into federal custody untIl
they are eIther acquItted or
Incarcerated.

0$%/!3#$(+6/,!29(
Each day, the |arshals ServIce has
In Its custody over 27,000 detaInees
who are housed In federal, state and
local jaIls throughout the natIon.
ndIvIduals who are arrested or
detaIned for vIolatIon of a federal
statute must be brought before a
magIstrate or judge for an InItIal
hearIng. After the hearIng, prIsoners
may be released or remanded Into
the custody of the |arshals ServIce
to stand trIal. f convIcted, It Is the
|arshals ServIce's responsIbIlIty to
delIver the prIsoner to an InstItutIon
to serve the Imposed sentence.

0$%/!3#$(,$.3/0!$,.,%!3(
n 1995, the JustIce PrIsoner and
AlIen TransportatIon System (JPATS)
was created. The merger created a
more effIcIent and effectIve system
for transportIng prIsoners and
crImInal alIens. Dperated by the
|arshals ServIce, JPATS Is one of the
largest transporters of prIsoners In
the world, handlIng hundreds of
A87
requests every day to move prIsoners
between judIcIal dIstrIcts, correctIonal
InstItutIons and foreIgn countrIes.

Dn average, more than 200,000 prIsoner and
alIen movements a year are completed by
the |arshals ServIce vIa coordInated aIr and
ground systems. |ost of these prIsoners are
transported aboard ServIceowned aIrcraft
and vehIcles.

SInce 1984, the |arshals ServIce has
acquIred a fleet of aIrcraft that Includes
three 8oeIng 727s, a 0C9, several smaller
jets and some turboprop aIrplanes.

&%,3#//(/#+6$%,9((
The UnIted States |arshals ServIce provIdes
for the securIty, health, and safety of
government wItnesses, and theIr ImmedIate
dependents, whose lIves are In danger as a
result of theIr testImony agaInst organIzed
crIme, drug traffIckers, terrorIsts and other
major crImInals.
!
/0#+%.7(!0#$.,%!3/(.32(
0$!:$.8/((
AddItIonal mIssIons have Included the
protectIon of athletes at the 1996 DlympIc
Cames In Atlanta, the IntegratIon of schools
and other InstItutIons durIng the CIvIl FIghts
movements of the 1960s and the formatIon,
In 1971, of the SpecIal DperatIons Croup
(SDC), a force of hIghly traIned and
dIscIplIned tactIcIans who handle terrorIst
and hostage sItuatIons and other volatIle,
emergency IncIdents.
!
The |IssIle Escort Program Is another
responsIbIlIty of the |arshals ServIce. 0eputy
|arshals are specIally traIned to provIde
securIty and law enforcement assIstance to
the 0epartment of 0efense and the U.S. AIr
Force durIng the movement of nuclear
warheads between mIlItary facIlItIes.


8.$/-.7/( /#$"%+#( 0%!3##$#2(
,-#(.%$(/#+6$%,9(
n the wake of Sept. 11, 2001, the Sky
|arshals Program (posted law enforcers on
commercIal aIrcraft) has gotten a lot of
attentIon. And whIle deputy marshals are
often mentIoned as beIng Involved, It's been
nearly J0 years sInce the |arshals ServIce
had anythIng to do wIth It.
The very mentIon of sky marshals aboard
commercIal flIghts brIngs comfort to many
aIr travelers, but It Is the Federal AvIatIon
AdmInIstratIon (FAA) that currently
maIntaIns the program.
(
From 19697J, the |arshals ServIce dId
Indeed manage the Sky |arshal Program. 8ut
the program had Its roots before then.

n the 60's, laws were passed governIng
Interference wIth flIght crew members or
flIght attendants and carryIng weapons
aboard aIrcraft. The laws were enacted
because of a rash of aIr pIracy IncIdents on
commercIal jets In the 1960s.

The |Iddle East had erupted Into chaos on
several occasIons, leavIng no aIrlIne entIrely
safe, saId 0avId Turk, |arshals ServIce
hIstorIan.

The |arshals ServIce - specIfIcally Its |IamI
offIce In Southern FlorIda - developed an
antIaIr pIracy program In Dctober 1969.
nspector John 8rophy became chIef of a unIt
of fIve specIalIsts bent on combatIng terror
In the skIes. |arshals would sIt In the back of
the plane and watch what was goIng on.
|ost of the sky marshals were meant to be
covert In theIr work, so they wore no specIal
attIre. f not In the planes themselves, they
were statIoned around checkIn counters and
gates In JJ key aIrports around the country.
!
!2:$+8<=C$VBDDBD:$.?=6:9C5<=k$
The sky marshals also checked passengers'
luggage for suspIcIous Items. They performed
the same securIty tasks that aIrport
personnel does now In the aftermath of Sept.
11.

An unblemIshed record
The IndIvIduals wIth fIrsthand Involvement of
the Sky |arshals Program are proud of theIr
accomplIshments, knowIng that they left
behInd a legacy of safe, commercIal aIr
travel. The agency ended Its management of
the Sky |arshal Program In 197J, when all
aIrport securIty dutIes were transferred to
the FAA.





KQL$
Tommy Lee Jones, the
bIg screen's most
famous |arshal from
"The FugItIve".
A88
-Lc$
KHRH$N'0R"'-R$R#0\./#$

&'(!#)$V*$KHRH$N'0R"'-R$$
Not all fugItIves are wrongly accused
characters lIke HarrIson Ford In "The
FugItIve". |ost are dangerous crImInals.

FIchard 7allee (below) Is an actual
fugItIve wanted by the U.S. |arshall
ServIce. Ask the cadets to track hIm down
and apprehend hIm gIven the InformatIon
provIded.

0./"'0)$\'--##!
|urder of Covernment
WItness

ALAS:
FIchard 7ALLEY
SEX:
|ale
FACE:
WhIte
0ATE DF 8FTH: 11/10/57
PLACE DF 8FTH: Quebec
HECHT: 5'10
WECHT: 200 L8S
EYES: 8lue
HAF: 8rown
SKNTDNE: |edIum
SCAFS/TATTDDS: Unknown
SSN: Unknown

WAFFANT SSUE0:
Northern 0IstrIct of New York
0ATE DF WAFFANT: August 28, 1996
WAFFANT NU|8EF: 520254J18
$
$
+@D8C8A:$+B9C=Z$
Hell's Angel (member of the Three FIvers,
Quebec chapter.) Car bomb murdered
government Informant In Plattsburg, New
York. 7ALLEE escaped from CanadIan
authorItIes whIle awaItIng extradItIon to
the U.S. HIs escape was effected wIth the
assIstance of armed assocIates. 7ALLEE Is
a member of a large scale InternatIonal
cocaIne smugglIng organIzatIon. He Is a
demolItIons expert wIth a vIolent crImInal
hIstory.

CDNS0EFE0 AF|E0 AN0 0ANCEFDUS. 0D
NDT ATTE|PT TD APPFEHEN0 THS
PEFSDN YDUFSELF. FEPDFT ANY
NFDF|ATDN TD THE NEAFEST US|S
0STFCT DFFCE.

.//%:38#3,'(
1. Where mIght he have found refuge:
2. What groups would you questIon to
learn hIs whereabouts:
J. What types of crImInal actIvIty mIght
he currently be lInked to:
4. Prepare of lIst of possIble strategIes
for cornerIng 7allee.

1. What Is the U.S |arshals ServIce prImary focus:
2. For whom does the U.S. |arshals ServIce provIde protectIon: !
J. What Is JPATS: !
4. Why were |arshal's Installed abroad aIrcraft:
5. n what type of InvestIgatIons Is the U.S. |arshals ServIce In
volved:!
-QL$
KHRH$N'0R"'-R$R#0\./#$
KQL$
KHRH$N'0R"'-R$R#0\./#$
A89
(5IE$ 2BA:$ 35@<$ 9B4:C=$ CBJ:$
5@C$ C2:8<$ /B4:C$ "B?45@C$ ;5<$
C28=$@?8CH$$$
KQQ$ R#/0#!$R#0\./#$
They are Secret ServIce
agents, and theIr job Is to
protect the PresIdent and hIs
famIly.

Secret ServIce agents are lIke
the weddIng planners of secure
PresIdentIal travel. Whenever the PresIdent, 7Ice
PresIdent, or theIr famIlIes, travel anywhere outsIde of
WashIngton, 0.C., the Secret ServIce works wIth the host
cIty and state law enforcement to joIntly establIsh the
securIty measures needed for total protectIon. The Secrel
ServIce facIlItates keepIng the PresIdent secure. And yes,
agents do swear to "take a bullet" to protect the
PresIdent.

WhIle PresIdentIal safety Is one
of the responsIbIlItIes of the
Secret ServIce, the department
was orIgInally establIshed to deal
wIth monetary Issues. Secret
ServIce offIces deal wIth
counterfeIt money, forgery,
credIt card fraud, as well as cell phone fraud. So, If you
have a cell phone, YDU'FE gettIng Secret ServIce
protectIon, too!
&2:?:A:<$35@$=::$?:I=$
95A:<BD:$5;$C2:$,<:=84:?C$
or hIs famIIy, you'II may no-
C89:$C2:$BD:?C=$8?$=@8C=$8?$
C2:$>B9JD<5@?4E$FB?3$5;$C2:F$
I8C2$=FB77$:B<$68:9:=$B?4$=@?X
D7B==:=H$!2:3$B7IB3=$755J$=:<85@=E$
B?4$=::F$C5$>:$755J8?D$:A:<3X
I2:<:$B77$BC$5?9:H$
!"#$"%#&'((
!"#$%##& '()& -)#0,*#"3"1"'")#& ,+& '()&
#)$-)'&#)-4"$)2&
!"#'-"3%')& '()& $.!)'& (.*!,%'& .*!&
-)4")5& '()& ,-/.*"9.'",*@& ("#',-8&
.*!&!%'")#&,+&'()&#)$-)'&#)-4"$)2&
$,*$1%!)& 38& 0-)0.-"*/& +,-& .&
7,$?& 0-)#"!)*'".1& 4"#"'& ',& 8,%-&
#$(,,12&
!
!)*#+,%"#'(
$.!)'#&5"11&1).-*&',&.00-)$".')&'()&
-,1)&,+&'()&#)$-)'&#)-4"$)2&&
!
A90

n 2010, the Marshals apprehended more than
36,100 federal fugitives, clearing approximately
39,100 felony warrants.

U.S. Marshals' task forces combine the efforts of
federal, state and local law enforcement agencies
to locate and arrest the most dangerous fugitives.
They also serve as the central point for agencies
to share information on fugitive matters.

The U.S. Marshals currently lead 75 district fugi-
tive task forces and seven regional fugitive task
forces dedicated to investigating violent crime
and locating and apprehending wanted criminals.

Marshals-led district task forces arrested 81,900
state and local fugitives in 2010, clearing approxi-
mately 108,200 state and local felony warrants.

The seven regional fugitive task forces are locat-
ed in New York/New Jersey, Capital area, South-
east, Florida/Caribbean, Gulf Coast, Great Lakes
and Pacific Southwest.

Marshals' regional fugitive task forces closed
more than 52,000 felony warrants by arrest, in-
cluding 1,953 homicide warrants, in 2010.
Gang Operations
The U.S. Marshals Service targets violent fugi-
tives with gang affiliations in support of the De-
partment of Justice's priority of fighting gang vio-
lence. The existing Marshals network of 82 task
forces is used for gang operations. The Marshals
arrested more than 4,800 gang members in
2010.

Task forces agency-wide participated in Opera-
tion Gang Surge, which identified areas of high
gang violence in 2010. The operation produced a
288% increase in gang arrests over the previous
quarter. Operation Triple Beam took place in
Tulsa, OK, in August 2010 and involved more
than 40 federal, state and local law enforcement
officers. During this highly successful operation,
163 gang members were arrested and 46 fire-
arms were seized.

The Marshals Service is a key member of Gang-
TECC, the National Gang Targeting, Enforce-
ment & Coordination Center, an anti-gang task
force created by the Attorney General.
A91
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The U.S. Secret ServIce, one of the natIon's oldest federal InvestIgatIve
law enforcement agencIes, was founded In 1865 as a branch of the U.S.
Treasury 0epartment. The orIgInal mIssIon was to InvestIgate
counterfeItIng of U.S. currency. t was estImated that onethIrd to one
half of the currency In cIrculatIon at that tIme was counterfeIt.
!
n 1901, followIng the assassInatIon of PresIdent WIllIam |cKInley In
8uffalo, New York, the Secret ServIce was assIgned the responsIbIlIty of
protectIng the PresIdent. Today, the Secret ServIce's mIssIon Is two fold.
!
0$!,#+,%!3(!;(,-#(0$#/%2#3,(.32("%+#(0$#/%2#3,(.32(
!,-#$/5((
8y law, the Secret ServIce Is authorIzed to protect the PresIdent, 7Ice
PresIdent, PresIdentelect, 7Ice PresIdentelect, and theIr ImmedIate
famIly members; former PresIdents and theIr spouses; mInor chIldren of a
former PresIdent untIl the age of 16; major PresIdentIal and 7Ice
PresIdentIal candIdates, and wIthIn 120 days of the general electIon, theIr
spouses; vIsItIng foreIgn heads of government or heads of state; and
others If authorIzed by the PresIdent.
!
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0$#/%2#3,1((
The Secret ServIce strIves to maIntaIn a safe envIronment for the
PresIdent and other protectees. To accomplIsh thIs task, the Secret
ServIce calls upon other federal, state and local agencIes to assIst on a
daIly basIs. For example, when the PresIdent Is at the WhIte House, the
Secret ServIce UnIformed 0IvIsIon, the |etropolItan PolIce 0epartment,
and the U.S. Park PolIce patrol the streets and parks nearby. When the
PresIdent travels, an advance team of Secret ServIce agents works wIth
the host cIty and state law enforcement and publIc safety offIcIals to
joIntly establIsh the securIty measures needed to protect hIm.
!
&-.,( ,90#/( !;( +$%8#/( 2!#/( ,-#( /#+$#,( /#$"%+#(
%3"#/,%:.,#1((
The Secret ServIce has prImary jurIsdIctIon to InvestIgate threats agaInst
Secret ServIce protectees; counterfeItIng of U.S. currency or other U.S.
Covernment oblIgatIons; forgery or theft of U.S. Treasury checks, bonds or
other securItIes; credIt card fraud; telecommunIcatIons fraud; computer
fraud; IdentIfy fraud; and certaIn other crImes affectIng federally Insured
fInancIal InstItutIons.











A92

(
&-.,(4%32(!;(,$.%3%3:(2!(/#+$#,(/#$"%+#(.:#3,/(
$#+#%"#1((
Secret ServIce agents receIve the fInest law enforcement traInIng In
the world. New agent traInees are InItIally sent to the Federal Law
Enforcement TraInIng Center, Clynco, CeorgIa, where they
are enrolled In the CrImInal nvestIgator TraInIng Program
(CTP).

ThIs 9week course, desIgned to traIn new federal
InvestIgators In such areas as crImInal law and InvestIgatIve
technIques, provIdes a general foundatIon for the agency
specIfIc traInIng to follow.

Upon successful completIon of CTP, new agent traInees
attend the 11week SpecIal Agent TraInIng Course at the
Secret ServIce TraInIng Academy, 8eltsvIlle, |aryland. ThIs
course focuses on specIfIc Secret ServIce polIcIes and procedures
assocIated wIth the dual responsIbIlItIes of InvestIgatIons and
protectIon.

!
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!
1865 The Secret ServIce 0IvIsIon began on July 5, 1865 In
WashIngton, 0.C., to suppress counterfeIt currency. ChIef WIllIam P.
Wood was sworn In by Secretary of the Treasury Hugh |cCulloch.

1901 Congress Informally requested Secret ServIce PresIdentIal
protectIon followIng the assassInatIon of PresIdent WIllIam |cKInley.

1917 Congress authorIzed permanent protectIon of the PresIdent's
ImmedIate famIly and made threats dIrected toward the PresIdent a
federal vIolatIon.
!
1961 Congress authorIzed protectIon of former PresIdents for a
reasonable perIod of tIme.

196J Congress passed legIslatIon for protectIon of |rs. John F.
Kennedy and her mInor chIldren for 2 years. (PublIc Law 8J195).

1968 As a result of Fobert F. Kennedy's assassInatIon, Congress
authorIzed protectIon of major PresIdentIal and 7Ice PresIdentIal
candIdates and nomInees.


KQQ$
A9J
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0$!,#+,%3:(,-#(0$#/%2#3,(

The PresIdent of the UnIted States Is comIng to vIsIt your school In one week. The JunIor
PolIce Academy cadets have been asked by the Covernor to prepare your school for a vIsIt.

t wIll be necessary for you, as a Secret ServIce SpecIal Agent, to Instruct your cadets to
make ready your school for the vIsIt. The PresIdent wIll be speakIng to the entIre school In
the audItorIum. LIst below all the preparatIons you wIll need to make your school
envIronment safe for the PresIdent:


0$%!$(,!("%/%,'(

LIst of securIty preparatIons In the week prIor to the PresIdent's vIsIt:





26$%3:'(

LIst of securIty measures taken durIng the PresIdent's vIsIt:








1. What Is the Secret ServIce:
2. What was the orIgInal mIssIon of the Secret ServIce:
J. LIst three of the InvestIgatIve dutIes of the Secret ServIce:
4. Who assIsts the Secret ServIce In protectIng the PresIdent:
5. Why Is the Secret ServIce so Important to our monetary system:!
JPA Cadets learn fIrst hand the
efforts requIred to protectIng our
natIon's leader durIng a vIsIt from
PresIdent 8Ill ClInton.
PrIor to takIng offIce as PresIdent,
Cov. Ceorge W. 8ush meets wIth JPA
Cadets What kInds of securIty
changes do you thInk 8ush had to
adopt after becomIng PresIdent: