Analysis SPM Additional Mathematics

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(a) One to one relation.

(b) {(1, b), (2, a), (3, c)}
(a)
(c)
Set Q
16
12
9
6
4
6
Set A
Set B
(b)

(i) Many to one relation.

(ii) Objects = 2, 2, 4, 6
Images = 4, 6, 8
(a) (i) Domain = {a, b, c, d}

Codomain = {e, f, g}

(ii) Range = {e, f, g}
(b) Many to many relation.
(a)

(b)
(c)
(d)
(a)
Domain = {1, 1, 3, 5}
Codomain = {1, 9, 25}
9
5
Range = {1, 9, 25}
Set Q
7
5
3
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Not a function.
Not a function.
A function.
A function.
10

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
One to one relation.

Many to one relation.
One to many relation.
Many to many relation.
12

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
One to one function.

Not one to one function.
13

(a) Yes
(c) No
14

(a) f : x a x
(b) f : x ax2
15

(a)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)
(a) Codomain = {a, b, c}

Range = { b }
(b) 3, 6, 9
(iv)
(a)
(b)

12
Set Q
(ii)

Multiple of
2
3
4
Set P
6
8
(b) {(2, 6), (2, 8), (2, 12), (3, 6),

(3,9), (3, 12), (4, 8), (4, 12)}
Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010
Set P
A function.
Not a function.
Not a function.
A function.
(a) Many to one relation.

(b) (i) Images = p, q

Range = {p, q}

(ii) No object
(i) 3
(ii) 25
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Set P
11

(b)

8 9 12 25 49
17

(a)

(b)

(c)

8
2
(a) f(3) + g(4)

3
3
+ 2 + (4) 1

=
3
4

= 3 + 2

= 5
(b) 2f(6) 3g(8)
6
3

= 2 + 2 3 (8) 1
3
4

= 8 15

= 7
(c) f(12) g(12)
12
3
+2
(12) 1

=
3
4

= 2 + 10

= 8
(d) f(3) g(4)
3
3

= + 2 (4) 1
3
4

= 1 + 4

= 5
(i)

(b) Yes
(d) Yes
f(1) = 5 2(1)

= 7
f(2) + f(2)
= [5 2(2)] + [5 2(2)]
= 1 + 9
= 10
2
2
g = 7
+4
7
7

= 6
1
1
g
g
7
7
1
1
= 7 + 4 7 + 4
7
7
= 5 3
= 2
() ()
() ( )
[( ) ] [( ) ]
f(x) = g(x)
5 2x = 7x + 4
9x = 1
1
x =
9
f(x) = 9
5 2x = 9
2x = 4
x = 2
( ) (
( ) [
) [
) [
f(0) = 7
m(0) + n = 7
n = 7
f(3) = 2
3m + n = 2
3m 7 = 2
3m = 9
m = 3
\ m + n = 3 + (7) = 4
f(x) = 3x 7
f(3) = 3(3) 7

= 2
f(x) = 2
3x 7 = 2
3x = 9
x = 3
18
f(3) = 10

a(3)2 + b = 10

9a + b = 10 1

f(2) = 10
a(2)2 + b = 10

4a + b = 10 2

1 2 : 5a = 20

a = 4

Substitute a = 4 into 1 :

9(4) + b = 10

b = 10 36

= 26
4
a

\ =

26
b
2

=
13

19 f(x) = 3x 2

(a) f(2) = 3(2) 2

= 8

f(1) = 3(1) 2

= 1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(b)
f(x)
3x 2

3x 2

3x

x
=
=
=
=
=
8
8
8 or 3x 2 = 8
10
3x = 6
10
x = 2
3
x
x
x or 3x 2 = x
2
4x = 2
1
1
x =
2
(c)
f(x)
3x 2

3x 2

2x

x
=
=
=
=
=
20

(a) k = 1
(b) 0 < f(x) < 3
21

(a)

(b)
22

(a)

(b)

(c)

f(x) = x2 2x + 3
f(1) = (1)2 2(1) + 3
= 6
\m=6
f(4) = 42 2(4) + 3
= 11
\ n = 11
2 < f(x) < 11
h(3) h(2) = 8 4

= 4
f(2) + g(12) = 9 + 8

= 4
h(2) 3 h(1) = 4(4)

= 16
8
h(3)
(d)
=
4
h(1)

= 2
23

(a) s
(c) u
(e) u
(b) s
(d) w
(f) w
24

(a) 4
(c) 3
(b) 3
(d) 1
25 (a)
f = g

3x + 4 = x2 + 6

x2 3x + 2 = 0

(x 1)(x 2) = 0

x = 1 or x = 2

(b)
fg = gf

f(x2 + 6) = g(3x + 4)

3(x2 + 6) + 4 = (3x + 4)2 + 6

3x2 + 22 = 9x2 + 24x + 22

6x2 + 24x = 0

6x(x + 4) = 0

x = 0 or x = 4
26 (a)
f 2 = g

2(2x + 3) + 3 = 3x + 6

4x + 9 = 3x + 6

x = 3

(b) 3(3x + 6) + 6 = 2x + 3

9x + 24 = 2x + 3

7x = 21

x = 3
27

fg(a) =
f(a 3) =
(a 3)2 + 4 =
a2 6a + 5 =
(a 1)(a 5) =
a = 1 or a = 5
8
8
8
0
0
28 fg(4) + 2

f(2) + 2

4 2m + 2

6 2m

4m

m
29

=
=
=
=
=
=
gf(2)
g(4 2m)
3(4 2m) + 14
26 6m
20
5
(a)
gf(x) = x + 5

4f(x) 1 = x + 5

4f(x) = x + 6
x+6

f(x) = 4
(b)
gf(x) = x
f(x)

1 f(x) = x
f(x) = x xf(x)
f(x) + xf(x) = x
f(x)[1 + x] = x
x

f(x) = 1 + x , x 1
(c)
fg(x) = 2x2 13x + 22

f(x 3) = 2x2 13x + 22

f(k) = 2(k + 3)2 13(k + 3) + 22

= 2(k2 + 6k + 9) 13k

39 + 22

= 2k2 + 12k + 18 13k

17

= 2k2 k + 1

\ f(x) = 2x2 x + 1
(d) fg(x) = 4x2 + 12x

f(2x + 1) = 4x2 + 12x
k1 2
k1

f(k) = 4
+ 12
2
2
k2 2k + 1

= 4
+
4

6(k 1)

= k2 2k + 1 + 6k 6

= k2 4k 5

f(x) = x2 4x 5
30

(a)
fg(x)

2g(x) + 4

2g(x)

g(x)

\ g(2)

(b)
31

f 2(x) = 16x 15
f (ax + b) = 16x 15
a(ax + b) + b = 16x 15
a2x + ab + b = 16x 15
a2 = 16 and ab + b = 15
a = 4
4b + b = 15
= 4(0)
5b = 15

b = 3
( ) ( )
(
)
=
=
=
=
=
=
4x2 + 2x
4x2 + 2x
4x2 + 2x 4
2x2 + x 2
2(2)2 + 2 2
8
fg(x) = x 2
2x + 1
f
= x 2
x
1
2
f(k) =
k2
1
2
f(x) =
x2
1
2
\ f(4) =
42
1
= 1 2
\ a + b = 4 + (3)

= 1
32

g(2) = 5
4a + b = 5 1
gf(1) = 1
g(1) = 1
a + b = 1 2
1 2 : 3a = 6

a = 2
8 + b = 5

b = 3
\ a = 2, b = 3
33 (a) 2

(b) f(a) = 8

a + 5 = 8

a = 3
34

(a) a
(c) a
35

(a)
y = 3x 2

y + 2 = 3x
y+2

x = 3
x+2

\ f 1 : x a 3
5x + 2
(b)
y = 3x 2

3xy 2y = 5x + 2

3xy 5x = 2y + 2

x(3y 5) = 2y + 2
2y + 2

x = 3y 5
2x + 2

\ f 1 : x a 3x 5 , x
3x + 2
(c)
y = 4x

4xy = 3x + 2

4xy 3x = 2

x(4y 3) = 2
2

x = 4y 3
2

\ f 1 : x a 4x 3 , x
(b) q
(d) b
5
3
3
4
x1
y = 4 x

4y xy = x 1

x + xy = 4y + 1

x(1 + y) = 4y + 1
4y + 1

x = y + 1
4x + 1

\ f 1 : x a x + 1 , x 1
3x

(e)
y = 5x 2

5xy 2y = 3x

x(5y 3) = 2y
2y

x = 5y 3
3
2x

\ f 1 : x a 5x 3 , x 5

(d)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(f)
2x 5
2
2y = 2x 5
2x = 2y + 5
2y + 5
x =
2
2x + 5
1
\f :xa
2
y =
36

(a) 7 5y = x

5y = 7 x
7x

y = 5
7x

\f:xa 5

(b)
5y 1
3y 2 =
5y 1 =
3xy + 5y =
y(3x + 5) =
3xy 2x
2x 1
2x 1
2x 1

y = 3x + 5
2x 1
5

\ f : x a 3x + 5 , x
3
y+4
(c)

=
x
3

y + 4 = 3x

y = 3x 4

\ f : x a 3x 4
(d)
(a)
= x
= xy 3x
= 3x
= 3x
3x

y = x 3
3x

\f:xa x3,x3
2
(e)
y = x
3
3

y =
x
2
3

\f:xa x
2
5
(f) y = x
5

y = x
5

\f:xa ,x0
x
37
3y
y3
3y
xy 3y
y(x 3)
f(6) =
12 + k
3 =
12 + k =
k =
5
5
15
3
2x + 3
(b)
y = x 3

xy 3y = 2x + 3

xy 2x = 3y + 3
x(y 2) = 3y + 3
3y + 3

x = y 2
3x + 3

f 1(x) = x 2 , x 2
3(7) + 3

f 1(7) = 7 2
38

39

40

41

18
= 9
= 2
42

x+2
y = x 3
xy 3y = x + 2
xy x = 3y + 2
x(y 1) = 3y + 2
3y + 2
x = y 1

f 1(x) = 3x + 2 , x 1
x1
3(4) + 2
1

f (4) =
41
14

=
3
1

y =
x+3
xy + 3y = 1
xy = 1 3y

x = 1 3y
y
1
3x
1
,x0
f (x) =
x
1
f (m) = 3
1 3m = 3
m
1 3m = 3m
6m = 1
1

m =
6
fg(x) = 1 + 4x
2x 3
3
f(x) = 1 + 4x , x
2
2x 3
y = 1 + 4x
2x 3
2xy 3y = 1 + 4x
x(2y 4) = 3y + 1
x = 3y + 1
2y 4
\ f 1 : x a 3x + 1 , x 2
2x 4
y 1 = x
5
y = 5x + 1
f(x) = 5x +1
3 y
2
3 y
y
g(x)
fg(x)

y
10x
= x
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2x
3 2x
3 2x
f(3 2x)
5(3 2x) + 1
16 10x
16 10x
16 y
x = 16 y
10
( fg)1(x) = 16 x
10
16 6
1
( fg) (6) =
10
= 1
g1(x) = 1 x
x
g1(y) = x
1 y = x
y
1 y = xy
xy + y = 1
y(x + 1) = 1
1
y =
x+1
1 ,
g(x) =
x1
x+1
1
gf(x) = g
x1
1
=
1
+1
x1
1
=
x
x1
= x 1 , x 0
x
h(x) = gf(x)
= x 1 , x 0
x
y = x 1
x
xy = x 1
1 = x xy
1 = x(1 y)
1
x =
1 y
1 ,
\ h1 : x a
x1
1 x
( )
( )
( )
(a) f : x ax + 4
(b) a = 1
(a)

(b)

f(m2 7m + 6) = g(m + 2)
m2 7m + 6 + 2 = (m + 2)2 7(m + 2)
+ 6
m2 7m + 8 = m2 + 4m + 4 7m
14 + 6
m2 7m + 8 = m2 3m 4
4m = 12
m = 3
(a) (i) Objects = 3, 2, 3

Range = {4, 9}

(ii) 2
(b) Not a function because f 1 is not
one to one function.
(a)
f(x 2) = (x 2)2 5

= x2 4x 1
5f(2) = 5[(2)2 5]

= 5(1)

= 5
f(2) =
k
=
2k
k =
2k =
k =
1
1
2k
2
1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(b)
xy y =
xy =
x =
f 1(x) =
f 1(3) =
(a)
(b)
y =
1
x1
1
y+1
y+1
y
x+1
x
3 + 1
3
2
3
f(1) = 12
24
= 12
p + q
2 = p + q
p q = 2 1
f(1) = 6
24
= 6
p+q
p + q = 4 2
1 + 2 : 2p = 6

p = 3
Substitute p = 3 into 1 :
3 q = 2
q = 1
p = 3, q = 1
f(x) = x
24

= x
3x + 1

24 = 3x2 + x

3x2 + x 24 = 0

(3x 8)(x + 3) = 0
8

x = or x = 3
3
7 (a) At x-axis, y = 0,

0 = 2x 1
1

x =

2
1

\k=
2

(b) |2x 1| = 3

2x 1 = 3 or 2x 1 = 3

2x = 4
2x = 2

x = 2
x = 1

1 < x < 2
8

9

3x
2x
2xy + x = 3
x(2y + 1) = 3
3
x =
2y + 1
3
f1(x) =
2x + 1
3
3x
=
2x + 1
2x
6x = 3 + 5x 2x2
2x2 + x 3 = 0
(2x + 3)(x 1) = 0
3
x = or x = 1
2
y =
f(mx + n) = m(mx + n) + n

= m2x + mn + n
Compare with f 2(x) = 4x 9

m2 = 4
m = 2
When m = 2, 3n = 9

n = 3
When m = 2, n = 9

n = 9
10

(a) f(3x + 2) = 3(3x + 2) + 2

f 2(x) = 9x + 8
(b) f 2(2) = 9(2) + 8

= 26

f 2(1) = 9(1) + 8

= 1

Range : 1 < f 2(x) < 26
11

(a)

(b)

12

(a)

(b) gf(3) = 32 + 1

= 10
13
(a) 25
m = 5, n =
14
(a) (i)
(b) g(x ) = x 2

g(k) = ( k )2 2

= k 2

g : x ax 2
20
(a) f 1(y) = x
yk

= x
2

y k = 2x

y = 2x + k

f(x) = 2x + k

f(1) = 1

2 + k = 1

k = 3
1
1
(b) f
= 2
+3
2
2

= 4
21

(a)
gf(5) =

g(2) =

4m 2 =

4m =

m =
(b) f
gf = g(2x + 1)
= (2x + 1)2 1
= 4x2 + 4x
4x2 + 4x = x2 1
3x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
(3x + 1)(x + 1) = 0
1
x = or x = 1
3
f(x) = x and g(x) = x + 1
gf = g(x2)
= x2 + 1
gf : x ax2 + 1
2
(b) 2
3
2
(ii) 7
2
15
fg(x) = x2 + 4x + 5

[g(x)]2 + 1 = x2 + 4x + 5

[g(x)]2 = x2 + 4x + 4

= (x + 2)2

g(x) = x + 2

g : x ax + 2
5
16 (a) f (1) = 3(1) +
1

= 8
5

(b)
3x + = 8
x

3x2 8x + 5 = 0

(3x 5)(x 1) = 0
5

x = or x = 1
3
17

h(x) =
=
=
=
y =
x =
h1(x) =
h (3) =
gf(x)
g(2 3x)
2 3x + 4
6 3x
6 3x
6y
3
6x
3
63
3
1
18

19

(a)
f 1(y) = x
2y 1
= x

3y

2y 1 = 3x xy

2y + xy = 3x + 1

y(2 + x) = 3x + 1
3x + 1

y =
2+x
3x + 1

f(x) =
2+x

f(x) = 2
3x + 1

= 2
2+x

3x + 1 = 4 + 2x

x = 3
3(2) + 1
(b) gf(2) = g
2+2
7

= g
4
7

= 4
4

= 7
[
()
()
y = 2x m
y+m
x =
2
1
m
f 1(x) = x +
2
2
Compare with f 1(x) = nx +
1
2
5
2
() ()
( )
10
10
10
12
3
4
=
x3
4
4
3
x3
4

=
13 3x
x3
4x 12

=
13 3x
ax b .
Compare with
c dx
a = 4, b = 12, c = 13, d = 3
( )
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
22

23

( )
3
(a) A , 4
2
(b) 4 < f(x) < 3
(c) |2x 3| 4 = 2

|2x 3| = 2

2x 3 = 2 or 2x 3 = 2

2x = 5
2x = 1
5
1

x =
x =
2
2
(a) y = 3x 2
y+2

x =
3
1
2
f 1 : x a x +
3
3
1
2
(b) 3x 2 = x +
3
3

9x 6 = x + 2

8x = 8

x = 1

When x = 1, y = 3(1) 2

= 1

P(1, 1)
(c) 2 < f(x) < 7, 0 < f 1(x) < 3
( )
( )
1
x+1
1

=
1
+1
x+1
x+1,

=
x 2
x+2
1

gf = g
x+1
1

= 3
+1
x+1
x+4,

=
x 1
x+1
x+1
x+4

(b)
=
x+2
x+1

x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + 6x + 8

4x = 7
7

x =
4
18
+ 8x
25 (a)
f(x) =
x

f (x) = 0
18

2 + 8 = 0
x
18

= 8
x2
9
2

x =
4
3

x =
2
3

= (. 0)
2
3

Range : < f(x) < 30
2

(b)
y = 8 3x
8y

x =
3
8x
1

f (x) =
3
24
(a) f 2 = f
( )
( )
g(8 3x) =
=
8x
=
3
8 x =
28x =
x =
8 3(8 3x)
9x 16
9x 16
10
27x 48
56
2
(c) h(x) = ax b

At (3, 2), 2 = 3a b

b = 3a 2 1

y = ax b
y+b

x =
a
x+b

h1(x) =
a

For the point of intersection
where x = 4,
x+b

ax b =
a

a2x ab = x + b

4a2 ab = 4 + b 2

4a2 a(3a 2) = 4 + 3a 2

a2 a 2 = 0

(a 2)(a + 1) = 0

a = 2(. 0)

When a = 2, b = 3(2) 2

= 4
6
26 (a) (i) y = 5
x
6

= 5 y
x
6
x =
5y
6
,x5

f 1 : x a
5x
6
6
= 5

(ii)
5x
x
6
6
+ = 5

5x x
30

= 5
x(5 x)

30 = 25x 5x2
2

5x 25x + 30 = 0

x2 5x + 6 = 0

(x 2)(x 3) = 0

x = 2 or x = 3
x3

(b) (i) y =
2

x = 2y + 3

g1 : x a2x + 3
x3

(ii) 2x + 3 =
2

4x + 6 = x 3

3x = 9

x = 3
27 (a) gf

(b) g1f

(c) f 1g
28

(a)

f(x) = x + 6x + 1

= (x2 6x 1)

= (x2 6x +(3)2 (3)2 1]

= [(x 3)2 10]

= 10 (x 3)2
2
y = f(x)
O
(b) Because for x > 3, its one to

one function.
(c)
y = 10 (x 3)2

(x 3)2 = 10 y
29

(a)
f(3) = 4
g(4) = 6

3a + 5 = 4
b
= 6

3a = 9
4 + 6

a = 3
b = 12

a = 3, b = 12
(b) gf(3) = 6, f 1g1(6) = 3
(c)
30 (a)

x 3 = 10 y
x = 10 y + 3
f 1 : x a 10 x + 3
gf(x) = g(3x + 5)
12

=
3x + 5 + 6
12 ,
11

=
x
3x + 11
3
f(2) = 1
p 2q = 1 1
g(2) = 2
6
= 2
2q 1
6 = 4q 2
4q = 8
q = 2
Substitute q = 2 into 1 :
p 2(2) = 1
p = 1 + 4
= 3
p = 3, q = 2

(b)
(i)

f(y) = 3 2y
x = 3 2y
2y = 3 x
3x

y =
2
3x
1

f (x) =
2
3y

f 1 : y a
2
3y
(ii) gf 1(y) = g
2
6

=
3y
2
1
2
31 (a)

( )
( )
6
,y2
2y
6
gf 1 : y a
,y2
2y

(i) f 2 = f(6 3x)

= 6 3(6 3x)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(ii) y = 9x 12
y + 12

x =
9
(b)

(c)
y = 6 3x
6y
x =
3
6x
1
f (x) =
3
6x
1 2
1
(f ) = f
3
6x
6
3
=
3
x + 12
=
9
\ ( f 1)2 = ( f 2)1
= 9x 12
(f 2)1(x) =
x + 12
9
( )
( )
(b) Number of solutions = 2
33

(a)

(b)

34 (a)
12
4 2
3

Range : 0 < y < 12
32 (a)
y
4
y = x + 1
y = 2x 4
1
O
(i)
f(2) = 5
4a b = 5 1
f(3) = 15
9a b = 15 2
2 1 : 5a = 10

a = 2
4(2) b = 5
b = 3
(ii) f(x) = 2x2 3

f(1) = 2(1)2 3

= 1
2x2 3 = x
2x2 x 3 = 0
(2x 3)(x + 1) = 0
3
x = or x = 1
2
x
f 2(x) = f
m nx
x
m nx

=
x
mn
m nx
x
m nx

= m2 mnx nx
m nx
x

= 2
m mnx nx
x

= 2
m (mn + n)x
(b)
x
2x
2y xy = x
2y = x(1 + y)
2y
x =
1+y
2x
f 1(x) =
, x 1
1+x
1
2
2
1
1
f
=
1
2
1+
2

2

=
3
y =
35

(a)
f(2) = 9

4a + 1 = 9

4a = 8

a = 2

gf(2) = 25

6(2)2 + b = 25

24 + b = 25

b = 1

a = 2, b = 1
(b) g(2x2 + 1) = 6x2 + 1
()
()
(
(
k1 +1
2
k
1 +1
= 6
2
g(k) = 6
= 3k 2
g : x a3x 2
x
4 3x
m2 = 4
or mn + n = 3
m = 2

3n = 3
= 2(. 0)
n = 1
m = 2, n = 1
Compare with f 2(x) =
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Quadratic Equations
1 (a) No
(c) Yes
(b) No
(d) Yes
2 (a) 3x2 12x = 0, a = 3, b = 12, c = 0

(b) x2 25 = 0, a = 1, b = 0, c = 25
(c) x2 8x + 8 = 0, a = 1, b = 8,
c=8
(d) x2 + x 5 = 0, a = 1, b = 1,
c = 5
3 (a) 3, 8
1
(c) 2 , 4

2
4 (a) 4, 0

(c) 7
1
2
(c) 4, 2
5 (a) 2,
(b) 1, 5
(d) 0, 5
(b) 4, 9
(d) 4,
5
2
(b) 5, 4
(d) 3, 2
6 x + 9x + 2p = 0
When x = 5,
(5)2 + 9(5) + 2p = 0

2p = 20

p = 10
2
7 mx2 5x 3 = 0

When x = 3,
m(3)2 5(3) 3 = 0

9m = 18

m = 2
8 (a)

ax2 + 5x = 12
When x = 2,
a(2)2 + 5(2) = 12

4a = 2
1

a =
2
1 2

(b)
x + 5x = 12
2

2

x + 10x 24 = 0

(x + 12)(x 2) = 0

x = 12 or x = 2

\ x = 12
9 x2 + (2p 1)x + (p2 3p 4) = 0

When x = 0,
p2 3p 4 = 0
(p + 1)(p 4) = 0
p = 1 or p = 4
10 x2 2x = 5

When x = a,
a2 2a = 5
(a 2) = 5
5
a 2 =

1 2
=
(shown)
Cerdik
Cerdik Publications
Publications Sdn.
Sdn. Bhd.
Bhd. (203370-D)
(203370-D) 2010
2010
11 (a) (x + 6)(x + 2) = 32

x2 + 8x 20 = 0

(x + 10)(x 2) = 0

x = 10 or x = 2

(b) (x + 4)2 3(x + 4) = 10

x2 + 8x + 16 3x 12 = 10

x2 + 5x 6 = 0

(x + 6)(x 1) = 0

x = 6 or x = 1

(c)
8x2 16 = 7x2

x2 16 = 0

(x + 4)(x 4) = 0

x = 4 or x = 4
x+6
1
(d)
=
x(x + 3) 2

2x + 12 = x2 + 3x
2

x + x 12 = 0

(x + 4)(x 3) = 0

x = 4 or x = 3

(e) 4y2 12y + 9 = 6y + 1

4y2 18y + 8 = 0

2y2 9y + 4 = 0

(2y 1)(y 4) = 0
1

y = or y = 4
2

(f) 2x2 + 3x 2 = x2 + 16

x2 + 3x 18 = 0

(x + 6)(x 3) = 0

x = 6 or x = 3
12 (a)
x2 + 8x = 20

x2 + 8x + (4)2 = 20 + (4)2

(x + 4)2 = 36

x = 36 4 or x = 36 4

= 2 = 10

\ x = 2 or x = 10

(b)
5y2 30y = 18
18

y2 6y =

5
18
y2 6y + (3)2 =
+ (3)2
5

63
(y 3)2 =

5
63
63
+ 3 or y =
+3
y =
5

5

= 6.55 = 0.55

\ y = 6.55 or y = 0.55

(c)
2y2 12y = 15
15
y2 6y =

2
15
y2 6y + (3)2 =
+ (3)2
2

33
(y 3)2 =

2
33
33
+ 3 or y =
+3
y =
2

2

= 7.062 = 1.062

\ y = 7.062 or y = 1.062

(d)

(e)

x2 4x = 21
x2 4x + (2)2 = 21 + (2)2

(x 2)2 = 25
x = 5 + 2 or x = 5 + 2
= 7 = 3
\ x = 7 or x = 3

3y2 + 6y = 2
2
y2 + 2y =

3
2
y2 + 2y + (1)2 =
+ (1)2
3

5
(y + 1)2 =

3
5
5
1 or y =
1
y =
3

3

= 0.291 = 2.291

\ y = 0.291 or y = 2.291

(f)
5y2 30y = 18
18
y2 6y =

5
18
y2 6y + (3)2 =
+ (3)2
5

63
(y 3)2 =

5
63
63
+ 3 or y =
+3
y =
5

5

= 6.5496 = 0.5496
\ y = 6.5496 or y = 0.5496
13 (a) 2x2 + 5x 3 = 0

x =
5 52 4(2)(3)
2(2)
5 49
4
5 + 7
5 7
or
4
4
1
or 3
2
1

\ x = or x = 3
2
(b) x2 + 3x 28 = 0

(c)

3 32 4(1)(28)
2(1)

x =

3 121
2
3 + 11
3 11
or
=
2
2

= 4 or 7
\ x = 4 or x = 7
x2 2x 8 = 0
2 (2)2 4(1)(8)
2(1)

x =
2 36
2
2+6
26
or
=
2
2

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
978-983-70-3258-3
ISBN:

= 4 or 2

\ x = 4 or x = 2
(d) 12x2 7x 12 = 0

7 (7)2 4(12)(12)
2(12)

x =

7 625
24
7 + 25
7 25
or
=
24

24
1
3
= 1 or

3
4
1
3

\ x = 1 or x =
3
4
(e) 5x2 6x 8 = 0

(f)

x =
6 196
10

6 + 14
6 14
or
=
10
10
4
= 2 or

5
4
\ x = 2 or x =
5
4x2 8x 5 = 0
=
x =

14

6 (6) 4(5)(8)
2(5)
2
8 (8)2 4(4)(5)
2(4)
8 144
8
8 + 12
8 12
or
8
8
1
1
or

2
2
1
1
\ x = 2 or x =
2
2
= 2
(a) x2 3x 5 = 0

+ b = 3

ab = 5
(b) 2x2 + 6x = 5x + 9
2x2 + x 9 = 0
x 9
x2 + = 0
2 2

1
+ b =

2
9
ab =
2

(c)
2x2 + 2 = 3x
2x2 3x + 2 = 0
3
x2 x + 1 = 0
2

3
+ b =

2
ab = 1

1
1
(d)
=
x(x + 1) 4
x2 + x 4 = 0
+ b = 1

ab = 4
15 (a) x2 (6 + 10)x + (6)(10) = 0

x2 16x + 60 = 0
(b) x2 (10 + 7)x + (10)(7) = 0

x2 + 3x 70 = 0
2
1
2 1
(c) x2
x+
= 0
+
3 2
3 2

7
2
x2 x + = 0
6
6

6x2 7x + 2 = 0
(d) x2 (7 3)x + (7)(3) = 0

x2 + 10x + 21 = 0
1 1
1 1
2
(e) x
x+
= 0
+
3 3
3 3

2
1
x2 x + = 0
3
9

9x2 6x + 1 = 0
(f) x2 (0 + 4)x + (0)(4) = 0

x2 4x = 0
) ( )( )
) ( )( )
16 3x 5x + 2 = 0
5
a + b =

3
2
ab =
3

1 1
+
+
=

(a)
b
5
3
=
2

3
5
=

2

2 + 2
+
=
(b)

b
( + b)2 2b

=
b

5 2
2
2
3
3
=
2
3

13
9
=
2

3
13
=

6

(c) 2 + 2 = 2( + b)
5
= 2
3

10
=

3
3 3
3( + )
+
=
(d)

b
5
3
3
=
2

3
15
=

2
2
()
()
() ()
( )
()
()
()
17 2x + 4x 7 = 0

+ b = 2
7
b =

2
2

(a) ( 1) + (b 1) = ( + b) 2

= 2 2

= 4
( 1)(b 1) = b b + 1

= b ( + b) + 1
7
= (2) + 1

2
1
=

2
1
= 0
\ x2 (4)x +
2

1
x2 + 4x
= 0
2

2

2x + 8x 1 = 0
2 2
2( + b)
(b)
+
=
ab

( )
2(2)
7

2
8
=

7
2 2
4
=
ab

4
=
7

2
8
=

7
8
8
\ x2 x = 0
7
7

7x2 8x 8 = 0

(c) 4 + 4b = 4( + b)

= 4(2)

= 8

(4)(4b) = 16b
7

= 16

2

= 56

\ x2 + 8x 56 = 0

(d) 2 + b 2 = ( + b)2 2b
7
= (2)2 2

2

= 4 + 7

= 11

(2)(b 2 ) = (b)2
7 2
=

2
49
=

4
49
\ x2 11x +
= 0
4

4x2 44x + 49 = 0

+
(e)
+
=

5 5 5
2
=

5
b
b
=
5 5 25

7
2
=

25
7
=

50
2
7
\ x2 + x
= 0
5 50

50x2 + 20x 7 = 0

( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(f)
2b + b2 = b( + b)
7
= (2)

2

= 7
(2b)(b2) = (b)3
7 3
=

2
343
=

8
343
\ x2 7x
= 0
8

2
8x 56x 343 = 0
( )
18 x2 2(m + 1)x + m(m + 1) = 0

+ 2 = 2(m + 1)

3 = 2m + 2
2m + 2
=
1

3
(2) = m(m + 1)
22 = m(m + 1) 2
Substitute 1 into 2 :
2m + 2 2

2
3

2(4m2 + 8m + 4)
8m2 + 16m + 8

m2 7m 8
(m + 1)(m 8)
m = 1 or m = 8
= m2 + m
=
=
=
=
9m + 9m
9m2 + 9m
0
0
2
19 px + (p 1)x + 2p + 3 = 0
2
x2 +
(p 1)
2p + 3
x+
= 0
p
p
(p 1)
+ b =
p

2p + 3
b =
p

(p 1)
(a) + () =
p

0 = 1 p

p = 1
1
2p + 3
=
(b)
p

p = 2p + 3

p = 3
()
20 + ( + 2) = (2 h)

2 + 2 = h 2

2 = h 4
h4
1
=

2
( + 2) = h
2 + 2 = h 2
( ) ( )
h4 2
h4
+2
= h
2
2

2
h 8h + 16
+ h 4 = h
4

2
h 8h + 16 + 4h 16 = 4h

h2 8h = 0

h(h 8) = 0
h = 0 or h = 8

Substitute h = 8 into 1 :
84

=

2
= 2
+ 2 = 2 + 2

= 4
(a) The roots are 2 and 4.
(b) h = 8
21 2(x2 + 3x + 2) = n
2x2 + 6x + 4 n = 0

+ ( + 3) = 3

2 = 6

= 3
4n
( + 3) =
1

2

Substitute = 3 into 1 :
4n

3(3 + 3) =

2

0 = 4 n

n = 4
22
x2 + 3k2 5kx = 1 2k
x2 5kx + 3k2 + 2k 1 = 0

+ 4 = 5k

5 = 5k

= k

(4) = 3k2 + 2k 1

42 = 3k2 + 2k 1 1

Substitute = k into 1 :
4k2 = 3k2 + 2k 1
k2 2k + 1 = 0
(k 1)(k 1) = 0
k = 1
23 x2 3x 2 = 0

+ b = 3

b = 2
x2 6x + p = 0
h h
+
= 6
b

h( + b) = 6b

3h = 12

h = 4
h h
= p
b

h2
= p
b

h2 = p(2)

(4)2 = 2p

2p = 16

p = 8
\ h = 4, p = 8
( )( )
24 3x2 + 5x + 1 = 0

5
+ b =
3
1
b =
3
mx2 4x + n = 0
4
+ 3 + b + 3 =
m
4
+ b + 6 =
m
5
+ 6
3
13
3
( + 3)(b + 3)
b + 3( + b) + 9

1
5
+ 9
+3
3
3
13
3

n
12
\ m =
,n=4
13
( )
4
m
4
=
m
12
=
13
n
=
m
n
=
m
13
=
n
12
13
=
n
12
= 4
=
25 2x2 + kx + 24 = 0

k
1
2
b = 12 2
+ b =
Substitute = 4 + b into 2 :

b(4 + b) = 12
b 2 + 4b 12 = 0
(b + 6)(b 2) = 0
b = 6 or b = 2
Substitute b = 6 into 1 :

k
2
k
8 =
2
k = 16
4 + b + b =
k
2
k
8 =

2

k = 16
\ k = 16 ( 0)

4 + b + b =
26 x2 9x + 2k = 0

a + b = 9 1

ab = 2k 2
Substitute a = 2b into 1 :

3b = 9
b = 3
(2b)(b) = 2k

2k = 18

k = 9
27 mx2 + 7x n = 0
7
n
x2 + x = 0
m m

7
m
n
ab =
m
1
7
4 + =
2
m
7
7
=
2
m
a + b =
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
m = 2
1
n
4
=
2
m
n
2 =

2

n = 4

\ m = 2, n = 4
()
28 x2 hx k = 0

+ b = h

b = k
3 + 5 = h

h = 2

3(5) = k

k = 15

\ h = 2, k = 15
29

p + 1 + q + 1 = 1

p + q = 1

p = 1 q 1
(p + 1)(q + 1) = 12
pq + p + q + 1 = 12 2
q(1 q) 1 q + q + 1 = 12

q2 + q 12 = 0

(q + 4)(q 3) = 0

q = 4 or q = 3

When q = 4, p = 1 (4)

= 3

When q = 3, p = 1 3

= 4
\ p = 3, q = 4; p = 4, q = 3
30 a + 3a = p

4a = p
p
a =
1

4
a(3a) = q
3a2 = q 2
( )
p 2

3
= q

4
2
3p
= q
16

2

3p = 16q (shown)
31 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

2x2 + 5x 3 = 0
b2 4ac = 52 4(2)(3)

= 25 + 24

= 49 ( 0)
\ Two distinct roots.
2 4x x2 = 0
b2 4ac = (4)2 4(1)(2)

= 16 + 8

= 24 ( 0)
x2 6x + 11 = 0
b2 4ac = (6)2 4(1)(11)

= 36 44

= 8 ( 0)
\ No roots.
x2 + x 4 = 0
b2 4ac = 12 4(1)(4)

= 1 + 16

= 17 ( 0)

(e)

(f)

x2 6x + 9 = 0
b2 4ac = (6)2 4(1)(9)

= 36 36

= 0
\ Two equal roots.
x2 4x + 4 = 0
b2 4ac = (4)2 4(1)(4)

= 0
\ Two equal roots.
32 (a) 4x2 kx + 25 = 0

(k)2 4(4)(25) = 0

k2 400 = 0

(k + 20)(k 20) = 0

k = 20 or k = 20

(b) (k + 1)x2 + 3k 2(k + 3) = 0

(k + 1)x2 + k 6 = 0

02 4(k + 1)(k 6) = 0

4(k2 5k 6) = 0

k2 5k 6 = 0

(k + 1)(k 6) = 0

k = 1 or k = 6

(c) k2x2 (k + 2)x + 1 = 0

(k 2)2 4(k2)(1) = 0

k2 + 4k + 4 4k2 = 0

3k2 4k 4 = 0

(3k + 2)(k 2) = 0

2

k = or k = 2
3
(d) (4k 14)2 4(2k + 3)(16k + 1) = 0
16k2 112k + 196 4(32k2 + 50k + 3) = 0

112k2 + 312k 184 = 0

14k2 + 39k 23 = 0

(7k + 23)(2k 1) = 0
23
1

k=
or k =
7
2

(e)
(k 3)x2 + 4k + 1 = 4kx 6x

(k 3)x2 + 6x 4kx + 4k + 1 = 0

(6 4k)2 4(k 3)(4k + 1) = 0
36 48k + 16k2 16k2 + 44k + 12 = 0

4k + 48 = 0

4k = 48

k = 12
33 (a)
2x2 + 4c + 3 = 0

02 4(2)(4c + 3) 0

32c 24 0

32c + 24 0
3
4

(b) c x2 + 5x + 1 = 0

52 4c(1) 0

4c 25
25

c
4

(c) x2 + 2cx + c2 5c + 7 = 0

(2c)2 4(1)(c2 5c + 7) 0

4c2 4(c2 5c + 7) 0

20c 28 0
7

c
5

(d) x2 2x + 2 c = 0

(2)2 4(1)(2 c) 0

4c 4 0

c 1
34 (a) (m + 2)x2 2mx + m 5 = 0

(2m)2 4(m + 2)(m 5) 0

4m2 4m2 + 12m + 40 0

12m + 40 0
10

m
3

(b) 3x2 6x + m = 0

(6)2 4(3)m 0

36 12m 0

12m 36

m 3

(c) 5x2 + 4x + 6 3m = 0

16 4(5)(6 3m) 0

16 120 + 60m 0

60m 104
26

m
15

(d)
x2 2mx + m2 + 5m 6 = 0
(2m)2 4(1)(m2 + 5m 6) 0

4m2 4(m2 + 5m 6) 0

20m + 24 0

20m 24
6

m
5

(e) x2 + 2mx + (m 1)(m 3) = 0

(2m)2 4(1)(m 1)(m 3) 0

4m2 4(m2 4m + 3) 0

16m 12 0

16m 12
3

m
4
35 (a)
x + p = 7x px2

px2 6x + p = 0

(6)2 4(p)(p) = 0

36 4p2 = 0

4p2 = 36

p2 = 9

p = 3

\ p = 3 or p = 3

(b) x + py = 10
10 x
y =

p
10 x
Substitute y =
into x2 + y2 = 10:
p

10 x 2
= 10
x2 +
p

2
100 20x + x

x2 +
= 10
p2

2 2
2

p x + x 20x + 100 = 10p2
2 2
(1 + p )x 20x + 100 10p2 = 0
(20)2 4(1 + p2)(100 10p2) = 0
400 4(1 + p2)(100 10p2) = 0
400 4(100 + 90p2 10p4) = 0

360p2 + 40p4 = 0

p2 9 = 0

(p + 3)(p 3) = 0
\ p = 3 or p = 3

(c) 2y + x = p
px
y =

2
px
Substitute y =
into y2 + 4x = 20:
2

px 2
+ 4x = 20
2

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
p2 2px + x2

+ 4x = 20
4

2
2

x 2px + p + 16x = 80

x2 + (16 2p)x + p2 80 = 0

(16 2p)2 4(1)(p2 80) = 0
256 64p + 4p2 4p2+ 320 = 0

576 64p = 0

64p = 576

p = 9

(d)
px 1 = x2 2x + 3

x2 2x px + 4 = 0

x2 + (p 2)x + 4 = 0

(p 2)2 4(1)(4) = 0

p2 + 4p + 4 16 = 0

p2 + 4p 12 = 0

(p + 6)(p 2) = 0

p = 6 or p = 2

(e) (p 2)y = 3x
3x
y =

p 2
3x
Substitute y =
into xy = 1 x:
p2

3x

= 1 x
x
p2

2

3x = (1 x)(p 2)

3x2 = p 2 px + 2x
2
3x + (p 2)x + 2 p = 0
(p 2)2 4(3)(2 p) = 0
p2 4p + 4 24 + 12p = 0

p2 + 8p 20 = 0

(p + 10)(p 2) = 0
p = 10 or p = 2
( )
36 (a) x + 2y = 3
3x
y =

2
3x
Substitute y =
into x2 + y2 = h:
2

3x 2
x2 +
= h
2

2
9
6x
+
x
x2 +
= h
4

2
2

4x + 9 6x + x = 4h

5x2 6x + 9 4h = 0

(6)2 4(5)(9 4h) 0

36 180 + 80h 0

80h 144
9

h
5

(b)
x h = hx2 + 2hx
2

hx + (2h 1)x + h = 0

(2h 1)2 4(h)(h) 0

4h2 4h + 1 4h2 0

4h 1
1

h
4

(c)
2x + h = x2 x + 1

x2 3x + 1 h = 0

(3)2 4(1)(1 h) 0

9 4(1 h) 0

9 4 + 4h 0

4h 5

5

h
4
( )
h2
x

2hx + x = x2 + h2
x2 2hx x + h2 = 0
x2 + (2h 1)x + h2 = 0
(2h 1)2 4(1)(h2) 0
4h2 + 4h + 1 4h2 0

4h 1
1

h
4

(e)
3x + h = 5 3x 2x2

2x2 + 6x + h 5 = 0

62 4(2)(h 5) 0

36 8(h 5) 0

36 8h + 40 0

8h 76
19

h
2
(d)

2h + 1 = x +
37 (a)
2a x = (x 1)2 + a

2a x = x2 2x + 1 + a

x2 x + 1 a = 0
(1)2 4(1)(1 a) 0

3 + 4a 0

4a 3
3

a
4
1
(b)
ax 3 = x +
x

ax2 3x = x2 + 1

(a 1)x2 3x 1 = 0

(3)2 4(a 1)(1) 0

9 + 4(a 1) 0

9 + 4a 4 0

4a 5
5

a
4

(c) x + 3y = a
ax
y =

3
ax
Substitute y =
into y2 = 2x + 3:
3

ax 2
= 2x + 3
3

2
2

a 2ax + x = 18x + 27
x2 + (2a 18)x + a2 27 = 0
(2a 18)2 4(1)(a2 27) 0
4a2 + 72a + 324 4a2 + 108 0

72a + 432 0

a 6
(d) Substitute y = ax + 6 into 2x2 xy
= 3:

2x2 x(ax + 6) = 3

2x2 ax2 6x 3 = 0

(2 a)x2 6x 3 = 0

(6)2 4(2 a)(3) 0

36 + 12(2 a) 0

36 + 24 12a 0

12a 60

a 5

(e)
5x a = x2 + 3x + 3

x2 2x + 3 + a = 0

(2)2 4(1)(3 + a) 0

4 4(3 + a) 0

8 4a 0
4a 8
4a 8
a 2
38 kx2 + 3hx + 2h = 0
(3h)2 4(k)(2h) = 0
9h2 4k(2h) = 0

9h2 = 8hk
8

h = k
9
39

3cx2 7dx + 3c = 0
(7d)2 4(3c)(3c) = 0
49d2 4(3c)(3c) = 0

49d2 36c2 = 0

36c2 = 49d2
c 2 49
=
d 36

c
7
=
d 6

\ c : d = 7 : 6
()
40 (a) x2 + kx + 2k 4 = 0

b2 4ac = k2 4(1)(2k 4)

= k2 8k + 16

= (k 4)2
2

b 4ac 0 for all values of k.

Hence, the roots are real.
(b) x2 + (1 k)x k = 0

b2 4ac = (1 k)2 4(1)(k)

= 1 2k + k2 + 4k

= k2 + 2k + 1

= (k + 1)2

b2 4ac 0 for all values of k.

Hence, the roots are real.
4x 5
x2 + 8
=
3 x

4x2 5x = 3x2 + 24
2
x 5x 24 = 0
(x 8)(x + 3) = 0

x = 8 or x = 3
1
2 3x2 x 10 = x2 2x
2x2 + x 10 = 0
(2x + 5)(x 2) = 0
5

x = or x = 2
2
3 x2 + 10x + 25 3x 12 = 15

x2 + 7x 2 = 0

7 72 4(1)(2)
2(1)

x =
7 49 4(2)
2
= 7 57
2

= 0.275 or 7.275

\ x = 0.275 or x = 7.275
4 x2 + 2x 8 = 6

x2 + 2x = 14
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
x2 + 2x + (1)2 = 14 + (1)2

(x + 1)2 = 15

x = 15 1 or 15 1

= 2.873 or 4.873

\ x = 2.873 or x = 4.873
10
b2 4ac = 121
(9)2 4(2)(h) = 121
81 4(2)(h) = 121

8h = 40

h = 5
5 2x2 4x 3 = 0

a + b = 2
11 a 1 = m 5
a 3

3 = m 5
m = 8
3
ab =

2
a + 3 + b + 3 = a + b + 6

= 2 + 6

= 8
(a + 3)(b + 3) = ab + 3(a + b) + 9
3
= + 6 + 9

2
27
=

2
27
\ x2 8x +
= 0
2

2
2x 16x + 27 = 0
6 mx2 + (m 5)x 20 = 0
(m 5)
a + (a) =
m

0 = 5 m

m = 5
7 2x2 + px + p 1 = 0
p
a + b =

2
p1

ab =
2

a2 + b2 = 4

2
(a + b) 2ab = 4

p 2
p1
2
= 4
2
2
p2
p + 1 = 4
4

p2

p = 3
4

2

p 4p 12 = 0

(p 6)(p + 2) = 0

p = 6 or p = 2
( ) ( )
8 3x x + 2 = 0
1

a + b =

3
2
ab =
3

a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 2ab
2
() ()
1 2
2
=
2
3
3
1 4
=
9 3
11
=
9
9 2x2 9k = 2 3k
2 1 2 9k = 2 3k
2
1

2 = 6k
2

3
= 6k

2
1

k =
4
()
()
13 (a) Substitute x = 5 into x2 + (m + 1)x

+ 3m + 2:

25 + (m + 1)(5) + 3m + 2 = 0

8m + 32 = 0

8m = 32

m = 4

(b) x2 3x 10 = 0

(x 5)(x + 2) = 0

x = 5 or x = 2

\ x = 2
3
14 a
+ 2a =
m
3

3a =
m

1
a =
1
m

1
2a2 =
2

2m
()
1 2
1

2
=
m 2m

2
1
=
m2 2m

m2 4m = 0
m(m 4) = 0

m = 0 or m = 4

\m=4
15 4x2 px + 25 = 0
(p)2 4(4)(25) = 0

p2 400 = 0
(p + 20)(p 20) = 0

p = 20 or p = 20
16 x2 5x + 4p 2 = 0

a + b = 5 1

ab = 4p 2 2

a b = 9 3

1 + 3 :
2a = 14

a = 7

4p = 12
p = 3
17 p + q = p
2p = q
q
p =
1

2

p q = 6 2
12 a + 3a = 4
4a = 4

a = 1
a(3a) = c 4

When a = 1,

3 = c 4

c = 7

7 + b = 5

b = 2

Substitute a = 7 and b = 2 into 2 :
7(2) = 4p 2
q
q = 6
2
3q = 12

q = 4
(4)
When q = 4, p =

2

= 2

\ pq = 2(4)

= 8
18 x2 + (2p 1)x + p2 + 3p 4 = 0
(2p 1)2 4(1)(p2 + 3p 4) 0
4p2 4p + 1 4p2 12p + 16 0

17 16p 0

16p 17
17

p
16
19
k + 3x = 5 3x 2x2
2x2 + 6x + k 5 = 0
(6)2 4(2)(k 5) = 0
36 8(k 5) = 0

76 8k = 0
1

k = 9
2
m
20 a + 3a =
4
m

4a =
4

m
a =
1
16

n
3a2 =
2

4

( )
m 2

3
=
16
2
3m

=
256

n
4
n
4
3m2
n =
64
21 (5)2 4(1)(3 c) 0
25 4(3 c) 0

13 + 4c 0

4c 13
13
c

4
22 q2 4p(9) = 0
q2 + 36p = 0

1 2
q
36
p =
23
x2 + (2x + k)2 = 5
2
x + 4x2 + 4kx + k2 = 5
5x2 + 4kx + k2 5 = 0
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(4k)2 4(5)(k2 5) = 0
16k2 20(k2 5) = 0

4k2 + 100 = 0

k2 = 25

k = 5
24
a + b = 2
h
ab =

2
a2 + b2 = k

2
(a + b) 2ab = k
h
(2)2 2
= k
2

h

42
= k
2

h k = 4 1

(ab)2 = 16
h2
= 16
4

2

h = 64

h = 8 ( 0)
()
()
Substitute h = 8 into 1 :
8 k = 4

k = 4
\ h = 8, k = 4
25 2c x (x 1)2 = c
c x (x2 2x + 1) = 0

x2 x + 1 c = 0

(1)2 4(1)(1 c) 0

1 4(1 c) 0

3 + 4c 0

4c 3
3

c
4
26 a + (a + 3k) = 8

2a = 8 3k
8 3k
a =
1

2
a(a + 3k) = h 2
( )(
)
( )( )
8 3k 8 3k
+ 3k = h
2
2

8 3k 8 + 3k
= h
2
2

2

64 9k = 4h
64 9k2

h =
4

27 x2 2mx + m2 + 5m 6 = 0

(a) (2m)2 4(1)(m2 + 5m 6) = 0

4m2 4(m2 + 5m 6) = 0

24 20m = 0
6

m =
5

(b) 24 20m 0

20m 24
6

m
5

(c) 24 20m 0

20m 24
6

m
5
28 2x2 5x 4 = 0
5

a + b =

2
ab = 2

(a) a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 2ab
5 2
=
2(2)

2
25
=
+4

4
1

= 10
4
2 2b
2(2 + b2)
+
=
(b)
a
ab

b
41
2
4
=

2
41
=

4
2 2b
4b
=
b
a ab

= 4
41
\ x2 + x + 4 = 0
4

4x2 + 41x + 16 = 0
()
( )
( )( )
29 3x2 + 2mx m = 0

(a) (2m)2 4(3)(m) = 0

4m2 + 12m = 0

4m(m + 3) = 0

m = 0 or m = 3

\ m = 3
1
m
(b) a
=

3

3 = m

m = 3
2m
(c) a + 3a =
3

2m
4a =
3

1
a = m 1
6

m
3a2 =

3
m

a2 = 2
9

()

m2
m
=
36 9
m = 4
30 (a) 2(x2 x 2) = p

2x2 2x 4 p = 0

a + b = 1 1

a b = 5 2

1 + 2 : 2a = 6

a = 3


3 + b = 1

b = 2
4 p
ab =

2
4 p
6 =

2

12 = 4 p

p = 8
(b)
mx2 + nx k = 0
n
m
k
ab =
m
kx2 mx 1 n = 0
m
a + b =
k
1 n
ab =
k
m
n
=
k
m
so, m2 = kn
m2
k =
1
n
1 n
k
and
=
k m
m mn = k2
k2 = m(1 + n) 2
a + b =

( )
m2 2
= m(1 + n)
n
m4
= m(1 + n)
n2

m3 = n2(1 + n)

31 x2 + hx + k = 0

(a) 2 + 6 = h

h = 4

2(6) = k

k = 12

\ h = 4, k = 12

(b)
x2 4x 12 p = 0

(4)2 4(1)(12 p) 0

16 4(12 p) 0

64 + 4p 0

p 16
32 (a)

(b)

2x2 + kx 12 = 0
When x = 4,
2(4)2 + k(4) 12 = 0

32 4k 12 = 0

4k = 20

k = 5

2x2 + 5x 12 = 0

(2x 3)(x + 4) = 0
3
x = or x = 4
2
33 (a) 2x2 12x + k = 0

k
x2 6x + = 0
2

a + 5a = 6

6a = 6

a = 1
k
5a2 =
2

k = 10

(b) 2x2 12x + 10 = 0

x2 6x + 5 = 0

(x 1)(x 5) = 0

x = 1 or x = 5

\ The roots are 1 and 5.
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
34 (a)
x2 4x 1 = 2mx 10m
x2 + (4 2m)x + 10m 1 = 0
(4 2m)2 4(1)(10m 1) = 0
16 + 16m + 4m2 40m + 4 = 0

4m2 24m + 20 = 0

m2 6m + 5 = 0

(m 1)(m 5) = 0

m = 1 or m = 5

(b) 2x2 + 5x + 3 k = 0

(5)2 4(2)(3 k) 0

25 8(3 k) 0

1 + 8k 0
1

k
8
35
1 c = 3x2 2x
2
3x 2x + c 1 = 0

(a) (2)2 4(3)(1) 0

4 12(c 1) 0

16 12c 0

12c 16
4

c
3

(b) 16 12c = 0

12c = 16
4

c =
3

(c) 16 12c 0

12c 16
4

c
3
36 3mx2 7nx + 3m = 0

(a) (7n)2 4(3m)(3m) = 0

49n2 36m2 = 0

49n2 = 36m2
m2 49

=
n2 36

m 2 49
=
n 36

m
7
=
n 6

\m:n=7:6

(b) 3(7)x2 7(6)x + 3(7) = 0

21x2 42x + 21 = 0

x2 2x + 1 = 0

(x 1)(x 1) = 0

x = 1
()
1
[(x + 3) + (2x 2)](x 1) = 112
2
1
(3x + 1)(x 1) = 112
2

3x2 2x 1 = 224

3x2 2x 225 = 0
(b) (3x + 25)(x 9) = 0
25

x=
(Reject) or x = 9

3

The length of QR = 2x 2

= 2(9) 2

= 16 cm
37 (a)
38 (a) (3x + 2)2 + (2x + 2)2 = (5x)2

9x2 + 12x + 4 + 4x2 + 8x + 4 = 25x2

12x2 20x 8 = 0

3x2 5x 2 = 0 (shown)
(b) (3x + 1)(x 2) = 0
1
x = (Reject) or x = 2

3

\x=2
1
(c) Area = [3(2) + 2][2(2 + 1)]

2
1

= (8)(6)

2

= 24 cm2
39 (a) 2x2 4x + 5 = 0

a + b = 2
5
ab =

2

(b) 2a + 1 + 2b + 1 = 2(a + b) + 2

= 2(2) + 2

= 6

(2a + 1)(2b + 1) = 4ab +

2(a + b) + 1
5
= 4
+ 2(2)
2

+1

= 15

\ x2 6x + 15 = 0
()
40 (a) 2x2 mx + 3 = 0
m
a + b =

2
3
ab =
2

9x2 52x + 4 = 0
1
1
52
+
=
2 b2 9
2 + b2
52
=
(b)2 9
( + b)2 2b
52
=
(b)2
9

() ()
()
m
2
3
2
3
2
52
9
m2 12
52
=
9 9

m2 = 64

m = 8

\ m = 8

(b) 2x2 6x 3 = 0

a + b = 3
3
ab =

2

(i) a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 2ab
3
= (3)2 2

2
3
= 9 2

2

= 12

(ii) (a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2

= a2 + b2 2ab
3

= 12 2

2

= 15

a b = 15

\ a b = 15 (a > b)
( )
( )
( )
41 (a)
( x2 + (17 x)2)( x2 + (17 x)2) = 169

x2 + 289 34x + x2 = 169

2x2 34x + 120 = 0

x2 17x + 60 = 0(shown)

(b) (x 5)(x 12) = 0

x = 5 or x = 12
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
3
1

Quadratic function, a = 1, b = 4, c = 5
f(x) = x2 7x
f(x) = 6 + 4x x3
Not a quadratic function.
4
(e) f(x) = x + 2
x

Not a quadratic function.
(f) Not a quadratic function.
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)

(d)

f(x) 15
15
f(x)
25
10
20
15
(b)
Axis of symmetry
x = 1.5
2.5
f(x)
10
1.5 2 1.5
2.5
f(x)
15
Maximum point
f(x)
(1.5, 9.5)
10
5
4
(b)
f(x)
Axis of symmetry
x=2
3
5
2
1
5
2
10
15
(2, -2)
Minimum point
20
25
(a) Two distinct roots.

(c) Two equal roots.
35
(a)

(b)

(b) No roots.
(d) Two distinct roots.
b2 4ac = (7)2 4(2)(9)

= 49 4(2)(9)

= 23( 0)
No roots.
b2 4ac = (8)2 4(1)(16)

= 64 4(16)

= 0
Two equal roots.
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(c)

(d)

(a) f(x) = x2 + mx + 2m 3

m2 4(1)(2m 3) = 0

m2 8m + 12 = 0

(m 2)(m 6) = 0

m = 2 or m = 6
(b) (4m 2)2 4(m + 2)(4m) = 0
16m2 + 16m + 4 16m2 32m = 0

4 16m = 0
1

m =
4
(c) f(x) = x2 4x 2mx + 10m 1

= x2 + (4 2m)x + 10m 1

(4 2m)2 4(1)(10m 1) = 0

16 + 16m + 4m2 40m + 4 = 0

4m2 24m + 20 = 0

m2 6m + 5 = 0

(m 1)(m 5) = 0

m = 1 or m = 5
(d) (4m 8)2 4(m + 1)(2m) = 0
16m2 64m + 64 8m2 8m = 0

8m2 72m + 64 = 0

m2 9m + 8 = 0

(m 1)(m 8) = 0

m = 1 or m = 8
(a)

(b)

(c)

b2 4ac = (4)2 4(1)(3)

= 16 4(1)(3)

= 16 + 12

= 28 ( 0)
Two distinct roots.

f(x) = x2 4x + 1
2
b 4ac = (4)2 4(1)(1)

= 16 4

= 12 ( 0)
Two distinct roots.
(2k)2 4(1)(3k) 0
4k2 12k 0
4k(k 3) 0
k 0 or k 3
(4k)2 4(5)(k2 20) 0
16k2 20k2 + 400 0
400 4k2 0
k2 100 0
(k + 10)(k 10) 0
10 k 10
(2k2) 4(1)(k2 5k + 7) 0
4k2 4(k2 5k + 7) 0
20k 28 0
20k 28
7

k
5
(d) f(x) = kx2 + 2kx + k 4

(2k)2 4(k)(k 4) 0

4k2 4k(k 4) 0

16k 0

k 0
(a)

(b)

f(x) = 2x2 px2 6x 3

= (2 p)x2 6x 3
(6)2 4(2 p)(3) 0
36 + 12(2 p) 0
60 12p 0
12p 60 0
12p 60
p 5
f(x) = x2 + 4x2 + 4px + p2 5

= 5x2 + 4px + p2 5

(c)

(d)

(5)2 4(2)(3 k) 0
25 8(3 k) 0
25 24 + 8k 0
1 + 8k 0
8k 1
1
k (shown)
8
(2m)2 4(1)(m 1)(m 3) 0
4m2 4(m2 4m + 3) 0
16m 12 0
3
m
4
(shown)

10

11

(4p)2 4(5)(p2 5) 0
16p2 20(p2 5) 0
4p2 + 100 0
4p2 100 0
p2 25 0
p 5 or p 5
(4p)2 4(p)(4p 5) 0
16p2 4p(4p 5) 0
20p 0
p 0
f(x) = (p + 2)x2 2px + p 5
(2p)2 4(p + 2)(p 5) 0
4p2 4(p2 3p 10) 0
12p + 40 0
10
3
( )
(
[
[
(
[
[
9
4
( )]
9
(1)2
4

14
f(x) = 2 x2 3x +

15
(
)
[
( )
[( ) ]
( )
13
= 4 (x + 1)
4
= 4(x + 1)2 13
Minimum value = 13, x = 1
()
= 4 x + 2x + (1)2
()
3
(d) Minimum value = 7, x =
2
1

(e) Minimum value = 1, x =
2
2

(f) Maximum value = , x = 1
3
5
12 (a) y = 2 x2 2x +
2
5

= 2 x2 2x + (1)2 + (1)2
2
3

= 2 (x 1)2 +
2

= 2(x 1)2 + 3


(b) y = x2 2x + 3

= (x2 + 2x 3)

= [x2 + 2x +(1)2 3 (1)2]

= [(x + 1)2 4]

= 4 (x + 1)2

Maximum value = 4, x = 1

(c) y = x2 + 3x + 4
3 2
3 2

= x2 + 3x +
+4
2
2
3 2 7

= x +
+
2
4
7
3

Minimum value = , x =
4
2
4

(d) y = 3 x2 + 2x
3
4
2

= 3 x + 2x + (1)2 (1)2
3
7
2

= 3 (x + 1)
3
y = 4 x2 + 2x
13
(a) Minimum value = 5, x = 3

1
(b) Maximum value = 4, x =
2
(c) Maximum value = 3, x = 6
(
[
[

= 3(x + 1)2 7

(e)
5
1
y = 2 x2 x
2
2
5
5 2 1
5 2
2
= 2 x x +

2
4
2
4
5 2 33
= 2 x
16
4
33
5 2
2 x
=
8
4
33
5

Maximum value = , x =
8
4
(f) y = (x2 4x 5)
2
2

= [x 4x + (2) 5 (2)2]

= [(x 2)2 9)]

= 9 (x 2)2

Maximum value = 9, x = 2
(
)
[ ( )
[( ) ]
( )
5
2
( )]
3 2 5
3
+
2
2
2
3 2 1

= 2 x
+
2
4
3 2 1

= 2 x
+
2
2
3
1
(a) a = 2, p = , q =
2
2
3 1
,
(b)
2 2

= 2 x2 3x +
( )
f(x) = x2 + 5x 6
()
()
5 2
5 2
6
2
2
5 2 49

= x +
2
4
49
5
The least value = , x =
4
2

= x2 + 5x +
( )
16

f(x) = x2 4x k

= x2 4x + (2)2 k (2)2

= (x 2)2 k 4
k 4 = 9
k + 4 = 9

k = 5
17
f(x) = 2x2 + px + 10
p

= 2 x2 x 5
2
p
p 2
p

= 2 x2 x +
5
2
4
4
p 2
p2

= 2 x
5
4
16
80 + p2
p 2
2 x

=
4
8
80 + p2
= 18

8

80 + p2 = 144

p2 = 64

p = 8
(
)
[ ( ) ( )]
[( )
]
( )
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
18

f(x) = x2 + 4x + 12

= (x2 4x 12)

= [x2 4x + (2)2 12 (2)2]

= [(x 2)2 16]

= 16 (x 2)2
The greatest value of f(x) is 16.
19
y =
1 2
(x + 10x + 25 + x2 14x + 49)
2
1
= (2x2 4x + 74)
2
= x2 2x + 37
= x2 2x + (1)2 + 37 (1)2
= (x 1)2 + 36
20

f(x) = x2 + 6mx + 144

= x2 + 6mx + (3m)2 + 144 (3m)2

= (x + 3m)2 + 144 9m2
h = 3m and k = 144 9m2
21
(a) y = (x2 + x 6)
1 2
1

= x2 + x +
6
2
2
1 2
1

= x +
6
2
4
25
1 2

=
x+
4
2
[ ( ) ( )]
[( ) )]
( )
9
5
25
4
6
1 O
2
(
)
7
4
O
4
1
2
81
8
y = x2 4x + 5
= (x2 + 4x 5)
= [x2 + 4x + (2)2 5 (2)2]
= [(x + 2)2 9]
= 9 (x + 2)2
The maximum value is 9.
26

b2 4ac = 16 4(1)(6)
= 16 24
= 8 ( 0)
The curve is a parabola with a
maximum point and does not
intersect the x-axis, so y is always
negative for all real values of x.
27

b2 4ac = 16 4(3)(2)

= 8 ( 0)
The curve is a parabola with a
minimum point and does not intersect
the x-axis so y is always positive for
all value of x.
28

y
7
a
y
5
x
22
y = (x2 + 3x 12)
3 2
3
= x2 + 3x +
12
2
2
3 2
9
= x +
12
2
4
57
3 2
=
x+
4
2
Maximum point = (2, 17)
[
( ) ( )]
[( )
]
( )
=
=
=
=
a(x + 2)2 + 5
a+5
2
2(x + 2)2 + 5
13
5
7 81
Minimum point = ,
4
8
(c) y = (x2 4x 5)

= [x2 4x + (2)2 5 (2)2]

= [(x 2)2 9]

= 9 (x 2)2
2 O
57
4
12
25

= 2 (x + 2)2
(
[
( ) ( )]
[( ) ]
( )
1 25

Maximum point = ,
2 4
7
2
(b) y = 2 x + x 2
2
7
7 2
7
2

= 2 x + x +
2
2
4
4
7 2 81

= 2 x +
4
16
2
7
81

= 2 x +
4
8
(
[
[
17
Maximum point = (2, 9)

5
(d) y = 3 x2 4x
3
5

= 3 x2 4x + (2)2 (2)2
3
17

= 3 (x 2)2
3

= 17 3(x 2)2
1 O
3
2
= 2(x + 2)2 3
The minimum value is 3.
3O

23

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

24
5
y = 2 x + 4x +
2
= 2 x2 + 4x + (2)2 +
y = a(x 1) + 3
At (0, 5), 5 = a + 3

a = 2
y = 2(x 1)2 + 3
y = a(x 1)2 + 8
At (0, 6), 6 = a + 8

a = 2
y = 2(x 1)2 + 8
y = a(x 2)2 1
At (1, 0), 0 = a 1

a = 1
y = (x 2)2 1
y = a(x + 2)2 + 18
At (0, 10), 10 = 4a +18

4a = 8

a = 2
y = 2(x + 2)2 + 18
(
[
11
3
y = 3 x2 2x +
= 3 x 2x + (1)2 +
(
[
[
29
8
= 3 (x 1)2 +
3
= 3(x 1)2 + 8
11
(1)2
3
11
8
5
(2)2
2
Turning point = (1, 8)

y-intercept = 11
30
(a) y = 4 x2 3x
)
( )
7
4
3
3 2 7
= 4 x2 3x +

2
2
4
3 2 7 9
= 4 x

2
4 4
3 2
= 4 x
16
2
[
[( )
( )
( )]
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
y
x-intercept
x-intercept
1
O
2 7
16
y-intercept

(b)
3
2
7
2
3
, 16
2
1
21
y = 2 x2 x
2
2
1
1 2 21
1

2 x2 x +
2
4
2
4
1 2 169
2 x
4
16
169
1 2
2 x
8
4
Minimum point =
[
( )
[( ) ]
( )
( )]
2
11
x2
2
(f)
2x2 7x 4 0

(2x + 1)(x 4) 0

x<
31

(a)
2x2 x 6 0

(2x + 3)(x 2) 0
O 1
4
7
2
Maximum point =
3
2
1 169
,
4 8
3
x or x 2
2
(b)
2x2 3x 2 0

(2x + 1)(x 2) 0
1
2
1
or x 2
2
2
(c)
x x 6 0

(x 3)(x + 2) 0

x 2 or x 3
(d) 2x2 + 5x 12 0

(2x 3)(x + 4) 0
32

(a)
x 4x 5 = 0

(x + 1)(x 5) = 0

x = 1 or x = 5

A(1, 0); B(5, 0)
(b) (i) x 1 or x 5

(ii) 1 x 5
33

2x2 7x + 3 0
(2x 1)(x 3) 0
3
2
3
2
(e)
2x2 + 7x 22 0

(2x + 11)(x 2) 0
4 x
(a)

(b)

6
x2
5
(h)
x2 + 4x + 4 2x + 7

x2 + 2x 3 0

(x 1)(x + 3) 0
36

x2 4x + 2 7
x2 4x 5 0
(x + 1)(x 5) 0
1 x 5
1 x 1 or 3 x 5
37
6
5
21
x-intercept
1
2
1
or x > 4
2
(g) 4(4x2 12x + 9) x2

15x2 48x + 36 0

5x2 16x + 12 0

(5x 6)(x 2) 0

169 y-intercept
8
x-intercept
11
2
x2 + xy + 8 = 0
kx
x2 + x
+ 8 = 0
2
2
2
2x + kx x + 16 = 0
x2 + kx + 16 = 0
k2 4(1)(16) 0
k2 64 0
(k + 8)(k 8) 0

k 8 or k 8
( )
38 (m 4)2 4(1)(1) 0

m2 + 8m + 12 0

(m + 6)(m + 2) 0
x
(x + 3)(x 5) 0
x2 2x 15 0
x2 2x 15
a = 2, b = 15
(x + 2)(x 4) 0
x2 2x 8 0
x2 8 2x
2x2 16 4x
a = 16, b = 4

x 3 or x 1
2
1
2
1
or x 3
2
34

3x2 5x + 1 x2
4x2 5x + 1 0
(4x 1)(x 1) 0
1
4
1
or x 1
4
35

1 x2 4x + 2 7
x2 4x + 2 1
x2 4x + 3 0
(x 1)(x 3) 0
x 1 or x 3
m 6 or m 2
39

(4 k)2 4(2 3k)(2) 0

16 8k + k2 16 + 24k 0
k2 + 16k 0
k(k + 16) 0
16 k 0
40

(c 4)2 4(1)(1) 0
c2 8c + 12 0
(c 2)(c 6) 0
2c6
41
x2 x(2x p) + (2x p)2 = 1
x2 2x2 + px + 4x2 4px + p2 1 = 0

3x2 3px + p2 1 = 0

(3p)2 4(3)(p2 1) 0

9p2 12(p2 1) 0

9p2 12p2 + 12 0

12 3p2 0

3p2 12 0

3p2 12

p2 4

p 2 or p 2
42
hx 9 = x2 + 3x

x2 + (3 h)x + 9 = 0

(3 h)2 4(1)(9) 0

9 6h + h2 36 0

h2 6h 27 0

(h + 3)(h 9) 0

h 3 or h 9
43

x2 + (mx + 2)2 = 2
x2 + m2x2 + 4mx + 2 = 0
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(1 + m2)x2 + 4mx + 2 = 0
16m2 4(1 + m2)(2) 0
16m2 8 8m2 0
8m2 8 0
m2 1
m 1 or m 1
4x2 20x + 25
44
x +
= 5
a2

a2x2 + 4x2 20x + 25 5a2 = 0

(a2 + 4)x2 20x + 25 5a2 = 0

(20)2 4(a2 + 4)(25 5a2) 0

400 4(25a2 5a4 + 100 20a2) 0

20a4 100a2 + 80a2 0

20a4 20a2 0

a2 1 0

(a + 1)(a 1) 0

1 a 1
2
45

(p)2 4(1)(p + 3) 0
p2 4(p + 3) 0
p2 4p 12 0
(p + 2)(p 6) 0
p , 2 or p 6 (shown)
p = 2
At (0, 3), 3 = p2 + q

3 = (2)2 + q

q = 1
p = 2, q = 1
14
(m 3) 4(1)(3 4m) 0
m2 + 6m + 9 + 12 16m 0
m2 10m + 21 0
(m 3)(m 7) 0
3m7
x + 5x + 6 x + 6
x2 + 4x 0
x(x + 4) 0
= x2 + 4x + 1
= (x2 4x 1)
= [x2 4x + (2)2 1 (2)2]
= [(x 2)2 5]
= 5 (x 2)2
Maximum value of y is 5 and
x = 2.
(a)

(b)

y = a(x 1)2 18
At (2, 0), 0 = a(2 1)2 18

0 = a(3)2 18

9a = 18

a = 2
a = 2, p = 1, q = 18
y = 2(x 1)2 18
At A, x = 0, y = 2(1)2 18

= 16
A(0, 16)

b2 4ac 0
(m 1)2 4(1)(4) 0
m2 2m + 1 16 0

m2 2m 15 0
(m + 3)(m 5) 0
m 3 or m 5
(p 1)2 4(1)(p + 4) 0
p2 2p + 1 + 4p 16 0
p2 + 2p 15 0
(p + 5)(p 3) 0
5 p 3
(a)

(b)
y = a(x 1)2 + 4
At (3, 0), 0 = a(3 1)2 + 4

4a = 4

a = 1
a = 1, p = 1, q = 4
x=1
(a)
(b)

x=2
y = a(x 2)2 + 1
At (0, 9), 9 = 4a + 1

4a = 8

a = 2
y = 2(x 2)2 + 1
10

x2 7x + 10 0
(x 2)(x 5) 0
2x5
p = 2, q = 5
11

(a)
(b)

A(1, 3)
y = a(x + 1)2 + 3
At (0, 1), 1 = a + 3

a = 2
y = 2(x + 1)2 + 3
12

(a)

(b)
f(x) = x2 8x + 12
At x-axis,
f(x) = 0

x2 8x + 12 = 0

(x 2)(x 6) = 0

x = 2 or x = 6
At y-axis, x = 0

f(x) = 02 8(0) + 12

= 12
a = 2, b = 6, c = 12
f(x) = (x 4)2 4
13

f(x) = x2 + nx + m

= (x2 nx m)
15

x 4 or x 0
(1, 0)
f(x) = k (x h)2
[ ( ) ( )]
]
[( )
( )
n 2
n 2
m
2
2
n 2
n2

= x
m
2
4
4m + n2
n 2
x

=
2
4
n
4m + (4)2
= 5
= 2 and
2
4

n = 4
4m + 16 = 20

4m = 4

m = 1
m = 1, n = 4

16

(3, 0)
x=2
h=2
At (1, 0), 0 = k (1 2)2

0 = k 1

k = 1
h = 2, k = 1
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
At (0, 10), 10 = a(0)2 + b(0) + c

c = 10
b
c
2
f(x) = a x + x +
a
a
b
b 2 c
b

= a x2 + x +
+
a
2a
a
2a
b 2 4ac b2

= a x +
+
2a
4a2
2
b
4ac b2

= a x +
+
2a
4a
b
= 2
2a
b = 4a
b = 4a 1
4ac b2
= 18
4a
40a b2 = 72a 2
40a (4a)2 = 72a
40a 16a2 = 72a
16a2 + 32a = 0
16a(a + 2) = 0
a = 0 (reject) or a = 2
b = 4(2)
= 8
a = 2, b = 8, c = 10
(
)
[
( ) ( )]
[( )
]
( )
2
Minimum value = 3
When x = 1
f(x)
4
3
= x2 nx +
17

(a)
(b)

h = 1, k = 4
f(x) = (x + 1)2 4

= x2 + 2x 3
At x-axis,
x2 + 2x 3 = 0

(x + 3)(x 1) = 0
x = 3 or x = 1
a = 3, b = 1
At y-axis, f(x) = 02 + 2(0) 3

= 3
a = 3, b = 1, c = 3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
18

(a)

(b)
p = 2, q = 18
At y-axis, 10 = 18 a(0 2)2

10 = 18 4a

4a = 8

a = 2
a = 2, p = 2, q = 18
27

f(x)
O
y = f(x)
10

19

(2, 18)

(a) f(x) = x2 x + 7
( )
( )
1
1
+7
2
2
1 2 27

= x
+
2
4
1
27

p= ,q=
2
4
1
(b) x =
2

= x2 x +
( )
20

(k 4) 4(1)(1) 0
k2 8k + 12 0
(k 2)(k 6) 0
k 2 or k 6
21

(a)
(b)

22

f(x) = x2 + px + 2p 3
p2 4(1)(2p 3) = 0
p2 8p + 12 = 0
(p 2)(p 6) = 0
p = 2 or p = 6
28

f(x) = x2 4x + 3

= x2 4x + (2)2 + 3 (2)2

= (x 2)2 1
p = 2, q = 1
(a) Minimum value = 1
(b) x = 2
29
(a)
3
0
4
2

4x + 4x 3 0

(2x + 3)(2x 1) 0
3
1

x or x
2
2
(b) Minimum value = 4 when x = 3
y
13

30

(a)

(b)
(c)

(d)
31

(a) y = x2 px + 7

= (x2 + px 7)
p 2
p

= x2 + px +
7
2
2
2
p
p2
7

= x +
2
4
28 + p2
p 2
x+

=
4
2
28 + p2

= 16
4
y = p (x 2)2
At (1, 0), 0 = p (1 2)2

0 = p 1

p = 1
p = 1, q = 2
Maximum value = 1
y = 1 (x 2)2
At y-axis, y = 1 (2)2

= 3
A(0, 3)
y = (x 2)2 1
[
( ) ( )]
]
[( )
( )

()
()

33

(a)

(b)

34
(a) f(x) = 2 x2
= 2
= 2
= 2
x2 + x
h 2
h 2
+7
2
2
h 2
h2

= x +
+7
2
4
h

= 2
2

h = 4
When h = 4, the minimum point
(4)2
= 7
4
= 7 4
= 3
(a) f(x) = x2 + 4x + 7 = (x + 2)2 + 3

At y-axis, f(x) = 02 + 4(0) + 7

= 7

A(0, 7); B(2, 3)
(b) h = 4
y = a(x 1)2 + 4
At (3, 0), 0 = a(3 1)2 + 4

4a = 4

a = 1
y = 4 (x 1)2
f(x) = x2 + hx + 7
O 1
1
23
mx + 4 = x 4x + 5

x2 + (4 m)x + 1 = 0

(4 m)2 4(1)(1) 0

16 + 8m + m2 4 0

m2 + 8m + 12 0

(m + 6)(m + 2) 0

6 m 2
1
24 Minimum value = 4 when x =
3
25 (a) p = 1, q = 5

f(x) = a(x 1)2 + 5

At (0, 7), 7 = a + 5

a = 2

a = 2, p = 1, q = 5

(b) y = 2(x 1)2 5
32
k=5
y = a(x 3)2 + b
At (0, 10), 10 = 9a + b 1
At (1, 0), 0 = 4a + b 2
1 2 : 10 = 5a

a = 2
10 = 18 + b
b = 8
y = 2(x 3)2 + 8

28 + p2 = 64

p2 = 36

p = 6 ( 0)
p
q =
2
6

=
2

= 3

p = 6, q = 3
(b) f(x) = 16 (x + 3)2

Maximum value = 16 when

x = 3
(c)
f(x) 0

x2 6x + 7 0

x2 + 6x 7 0

(x + 7)(x 1) 0

7 x 1
26

(a) (4m)2 4(m + 1)(9) = 0

16m2 36(m + 1) = 0

16m2 36m 36 = 0

4m2 9m 9 = 0

(4m + 3)(m 3) = 0
3

m = or m = 3
4
(b)
mx 5 = x2 1

x2 mx + 4 = 0

(m)2 4(1)(4) 0

m2 16 0

(m + 4)(m 4) 0

m 4 or m 4
= x2 + hx +
( )
A(2, 0)
At y-axis, y = 12 + p(0) 02

= 12
B(0, 12)
A(2, 0); B(0, 12)
y = x2 + px + 12
= (x2 px 12)
p 2
p 2
= x2 px +
12
2
2
p 2
p2
= x
12
2
4
2
48 + p
p 2
x
=
4
2
p

= 2
2

p = 4
48 + (4)2

q =
4

= 16
[ ( ) ( )]
[( )
]
( )
(
)
[
( )
( )]
]
[( )
[( ) ]
7
3
x+
2
2
7 2 3
7
+
x2 x +
4
2
2
7 2
4
7 2 3 49
+
x
4
2 16
7 2 25
x
4
16
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
( )
= 2 x
7
4
25
8
7
25
,c=
4
8
25
(b) Minimum value =
8
(c)
a = 2, b =
y = | f(x)|
25
8
3
O 1
2
35

(a)

(b)

(c)

36
f(x) = 2 x2 4x +
7
4
f(x) = 16 4x 2x2
At x-axis, 16 4x 2x2 = 0

2x + 4x 16 = 0

x2 + 2x 8 = 0

(x + 4)(x 2) = 0

x = 4 or x = 2
A(2, 0); B(4, 0)
f(x) = 2x2 4x + 16
= 2(x2 + 2x 8)
= 2[x2 + 2x + (1)2 8 (1)2]
= 2[(x + 1)2 9]
= 18 2(x + 1)2
p=1
For f(x) = 18 2(x + 1)2,
the maximum point is (1, 18).
For f(x) = 9 (x + 1)2,
the maximum point is (1, 9).
(
[
[
3
2
= 2 x2 4x + (2)2 +
5
2

= 2(x 2)2 5
(a) (2, 5)
(b)
y
= 2 (x 2)2
3
(2)2
2
(c)
2x2 8x + 3 k
2

2x 8x + 3 k 0

64 4(2)(3 k) 0

40 + 8k 0

8k 40

k 5
37

(a)
mx 5 = 6x 6 x

x2 + (m 6)x + 1 = 0

(m 6)2 4(1)(1) 0

m2 12m + 32 0

(m 4)(m 8) 0

m 4 or m 8
(b) (2)2 4(1)(p + 3) = 0

4 4(p + 3) = 0

4 4p 12 = 0

4p = 8

p = 2
38

(a)

(b)
(c)

y = a(x + 1)2 18
At (2, 0), 0 = a(3)2 18

9a = 18

a = 2
a = 2, b = 18, c = 1
A(4, 0)
f(x) = |2(x + 1)2 18|
When x = 3, f(x) = |2(16) 18|

= 14
When x = 1, f(x) = |2(4) 18|

= 10
Range : 0 f(x) 14
39

(a)
(b)

(c)
A(4, 0)
f(x) = 8 a(x 2)2
At (4, 0), 0 = 8 a(4)

4a = 8

a = 2
a = 2, p = 2, q = 8
f(x) = 8 2(x + 2)2

(b)

4h h2 = 3

h2 4h + 3 = 0

(h 1)(h 3) = 0
h = 1 or h = 3
f(x)
12
3 1 O

(c) (1, 3) and (3, 3)
41

(a)

42

4
3
x
f(x) = x2 3x + 5
At y-axis, f(x) = 02 3(0) + 5

= 5
P(0, 5)
3 2
(b) f(x) = x2 3x +
+5
2
3 2

2
3 2 11

= x
+
2
4

The coordinates of minimum
3 11
,

point =
2 4
( )
( )
(
( )
)
(a) f(x) = a(x 2) 6

At y-axis, 4 = a(0 2)2 6

4a = 2
1

a =
2
1

a = , p = 2, q = 6
2
(b) x = 2
1
(c) f(x) = (x + 2)2 6
2
2
40 (a) f(x) = x2 + 2hx + (h)2 + 4h (h)2

= (x + h)2 + 4h h2
13
3
1 O
5
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(a)

y=3x 1
x2 3x + y2 = 5 2
x2 3x + (3 x)2 = 5
x2 3x + 9 6x + x2 = 5
2x2 9x + 4 = 0
(2x 1)(x 4) = 0
1

x = or x = 4
2
1

Substitute x = into 1 :
2
1

y = 3
2
1

= 2
2

Substitute x = 4 into 1 :

y = 3 4

= 1
1
1

x = , y = 2 ; x = 4, y = 1
2
2
(b) y = 14 2x 1

2x2 y2 + 6 = 2xy 2

2x2 (14 2x)2 + 6 = 2x(14 2x)
2x2 (196 56x + 4x2) + 6 = 28x 4x2
2x2 + 28x 190 = 0
x2 + 14x 95 = 0
(x + 19)(x 5) = 0

x = 19 or x = 5


y = 14 2(19)

= 52


y = 14 2(5)

= 4

x = 19, y = 52; x = 5, y = 4
(c)

y = 2x + 3 1
2x2 + y2 4x = 39 2
2x2 + (2x + 3)2 4x = 39
2x2 + 4x2 + 12x + 9 4x = 39
6x2 + 8x 30 = 0
3x2 + 4x 15 = 0
(3x 5)(x + 3) = 0
5

x = or x = 3
3
5

3
5

y = 2
+3
3
1

= 6
3


y = 2(3) + 3
= 3
5
1

x = , y = 6 ; x = 3, y = 3
3
3
()
x = 10 2y 1
2y2 7y + x = 0 2
2y2 7y + 10 2y = 0
2y2 9y + 10 = 0
(2y 5)(y 2) = 0
5

y = or y = 2
2
5

Substitute y = into 1 :
2
5

x = 10 2
2

= 5

Substitute y = 2 into 1 :

x = 10 2(2)

= 6
5

x = 5, y = ; x = 6, y = 2
2
(e) x = 4y 11 1

y2 2x = 7 2


y2 2(4y 11) = 7

y2 8y + 22 = 7

y2 8y + 15 = 0

(y 3)(y 5) = 0

y = 3 or y = 5


x = 4(3) 11

= 1


x = 4(5) 11

= 9

x = 1, y = 3; x = 9, y = 5
(f)
(d)

()
2y = 3x 1
3x 1
y =
1
2
2
9x + y = 7 2
3x 1
9x2 +
= 7
2
2
18x + 3x 1 = 14
18x2 + 3x 15 = 0
6x2 + x 5 = 0
(6x 5)(x + 1) = 0
5
x = or x = 1
6
5
6
5
3
1
6
y =
2
3
=
4
3(1) 1
y =
2
= 2
3
5
x = , y = ; x = 1, y = 2
4
6
()
(a) 3x = 2y + 1
2y + 1

x =
1
3
2
2

4x + 9y = 15xy 2

)
)
2y + 1 2
2y + 1
+ 9y2 = 15y
3
3
4y + 4y + 1
4
+ 9y2 = 5y(2y + 1)
9
16y2 + 16y + 4 + 81y2 = 90y2 + 45y
7y2 29y + 4 = 0
(7y 1)(y 4) = 0
1

y = or y = 4
7
1

7
1
2
+1
7

x =
3
3

=
7

2(4) + 1

x =
3

= 3
3
1

x = , y = ; x = 3, y = 4
7
7
(b) 2x = 10 3y
10 3y

x =
1
2

2y + 3x = 5xy 2

10 3y
10 3y

2y + 3
= 5y
2
2

4y + 30 9y = 50y 15y2

15y2 55y + 30 = 0

3y2 11y + 6 = 0

(3y 2)(y 3) = 0
2

y = or y = 3
3
2

3
2
10 3
3

x =
2

= 4

10 3(3)

x =
2
1

=
2
2
1

x = 4, y = ; x = , y = 3
3
2
(c) y = 3x 2 1

2x2 + y2 = 3xy 2

2x2 + (3x 2)2 = 3x(3x 2)
2x2 + 9x2 12x + 4 = 9x2 6x
4
()
()
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
2x2 6x + 4 = 0
x2 3x + 2 = 0
(x 1)(x 2) = 0
x = 1 or x = 2
y = 3(1) 2
= 1
y = 3(2) 2
= 4
x = 1, y = 1; x = 2, y = 4
(d)

y = 7 2x 1
4y 3x = xy 2
4(7 2x) 3x = x(7 2x)
28 8x 3x = 7x 2x2
2x2 18x + 28 = 0
x2 9x + 14 = 0
(x 2)(x 7) = 0
x = 2 or x = 7
y = 7 2(2)
= 3
y = 7 2(7)
= 7
x = 2, y = 3; x = 7, y = 7
(e) y = 3 3x 1

3x + 2y = 6xy 2

3x + 2(3 3x) = 6x(3 3x)
3x + 6 6x = 18x 18x2
18x2 21x + 6 = 0
6x2 7x + 2 = 0
(3x 2)(2x 1) = 0
2
1

x = or x =
3
2
2

3
2

y = 3 3
3

= 1
1

2
1

y = 3 3
2
3

=
2
2
1
3

x = , y = 1; x = , y =
3
2
2
(f) 3y = 2x + 2
2x + 2
1

y =
3
xy

8x 9y =
5

40x 45y = xy 2

2x + 2
2x + 2

40x 45
= x
3
3
1 2

40x 30x 30 = (2x + 2x)
3

3(10x 30) = 2x2 + 2x

2x2 28x + 90 = 0

x2 14x + 45 = 0

(x 5)(x 9) = 0

x = 5 or x = 9
()
()
) (
2(5) + 2

y =
3

= 4

2(9) + 2

y =
3
20

=

3
20

x = 5, y = 4; x = 9, y =
3
(a) y = 5 2x 1

x2 + y2 = 5 2


x2 + (5 2x)2 = 5

x2 + 25 20x + 4x2 = 5

5x2 20x + 20 = 0

x2 4x + 4 = 0

(x 2)(x 2) = 0

x = 2


y = 5 2(2)

= 1

x = 2, y = 1
(b) 2x + 3y = 7
7 3y
1

x =
2

x2 + xy + y2 = 7 2

7 3y 2
7 3y
+y
+ y2 = 7
2
2
49 42y + 9y2 7y 3y2
+
+ y2 = 7
4
2
49 42y + 9y2 + 14y 6y2 + 4y2 = 28
7y2 28y + 21 = 0
y2 4y + 3 = 0
(y 1)(y 3) = 0

y = 1 or y = 3

7 3(1)

x =
2

= 2

7 3(3)

x =
2

= 1

x = 2, y = 1; x = 1, y = 3
) (
(c) 5x + 3y = 2x + y + 1

2y = 1 3x
1 3x
1

y =
2
2
2

3x y = 2x + y + 1 2

1 3x 2
1 3x
+1
3x2
= 2x +
2
2
1 3x
1 6x + 9x2
+1
3x2
= 2x +
2
4
2
2
12x 1 + 6x 9x = 8x + 2 6x + 4
3x2 + 4x 7 = 0
(3x + 7)(x 1) = 0
7

x = or x = 1
3
7

3
)
)
( )
13

y =
7
3
2
= 4
1 3(1)
y =
2
= 1
7

x = , y = 4; x = 1, y = 1
3
(d) 2x + y = 1

y = 1 2x 1

4x2 + 12x + y2 = 1 2


4x2 + 12x + (1 2x)2 = 1

4x2 + 12x + 1 4x + 4x2 = 1

8x2 + 8x = 0

x2 + x = 0

x(x + 1) = 0

x = 0 or x = 1


y = 1 2(0)

= 1


y = 1 2(1)

= 3

x = 0, y = 1; x = 1, y = 3
(e) y = 7 2x 1

x2 xy + y2 = 7 2


x2 x(7 2x) + (7 2x)2 = 7
x2 7x + 2x2 + 49 28x + 4x2 = 7

7x2 35x + 42 = 0

x2 5x + 6 = 0

(x 2)(x 3) = 0

x = 2 or x = 3


y = 7 2(2)

= 3


y = 7 2(3)

= 1

x = 2, y = 3; x = 3, y = 1
(f)

2(x + y) = 10
x + y = 5
x = 5 y 1
x2 y + y2 = 10 2
(5 y)2 y + y2 = 10
25 10y + y2 y + y2 = 10
2y2 11y + 15 = 0
(2y 5)(y 3) = 0
5
y = or y = 3
2
5
2
5
x = 5
2
5
=
2

x = 5 3

= 2
5
5
x = , y = ; x = 2, y = 3
2
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(a)

x = 3 2y 1
xy + y2 = 1 2
y(3 2y) + y2 = 1
3y 2y2 + y2 = 1
y2 3y + 1 = 0
y =
(3) (3)2 4(1)(1)

2(1)
3 5
=
2
= 2.618 or 0.382
Substitute y = 2.618 into 1 :

x = 3 2(2.618)

= 2.236
x = 3 2(0.382)
= 2.236
x = 2.236, y = 2.618;
x = 2.236, y = 0.382
(b)

y = 2 x 1
x2 3x y = 4 2
x2 3x (2 x) = 4
x2 2x 6 = 0
(2) (2) 4(1)(6)

x =
2(1)
2 28
=
2
= 3.6458 or 1.6458
Substitute x = 3.6458 into 1 :

y = 2 3.6458

= 1.6458

y = 2 (1.6458)

= 3.6458
x = 3.646, y = 1.646;
x = 1.646, y = 3.646
(c)

x = y + 4 1
6y + x = 3xy 2
6y + y + 4 = 3y(y + 4)
7y + 4 = 3y2 + 12y
3y2 + 5y 4 = 0
y =
5 5 4(3)(4)

2(3)
2
5 73
6
= 0.5907 or 2.2573
x = 0.5907 + 4
= 4.5907
x = 2.2573 + 4
= 1.7427
x = 4.591, y = 0.591;
x = 1.743, y = 2.257
(d) x = 2y + 3 1

y2 + 2x2 = 5xy 2

y2 + 2(2y + 3)2 = 5y(2y + 3)
2
y + 2(4y2 + 12y + 9) = 10y2 + 15y

y2 + 8y2 + 24y + 18 = 10y2 + 15y
y2 9y 18 = 0
(9) (9)2 4(1)(18)
y =
2(1)
(e) y = 1 3x 1

x2 + 2xy + 2y2 = 10 2

x2 + 2x(1 3x) + 2(1 3x)2 = 10
x2 + 2x 6x2 + 2(1 6x + 9x2) = 10
x2 + 2x 6x2 + 2 12x + 18x2 = 10

13x2 10x 8 = 0
x =
(f) x = 5 3y 1

x2 + y2 = 6x 4y 2

(5 3y)2 + y2 = 6(5 3y) 4y
25 30y + 9y2 + y2 = 30 18y 4y

10y2 8y 5 = 0
(a) y = 2x 2 1
xy

y + 2x =
2

2y + 4x = xy 2


2(2x 2) + 4x = x(2x 2)

4x 4 + 4x = 2x2 2x

2x2 + 2x 4 = 0

x2 + x 2 = 0

(x + 2)(x 1) = 0

x = 2 or x = 1
9 153
2
= 10.6847 or 1.6847
x = 2(10.6847) + 3
= 24.3694
x = 2(1.6847) + 3
= 0.3694
x = 24.369, y = 10.685;
x = 0.369, y = 1.685
=
(10) (10)2 4(13)(8)

2(13)
10 516
26
= 1.2583 or 0.4891
y = 1 3(1.2583)
= 2.7749

y = 1 3(0.4891)

= 2.4673
x = 1.258, y = 2.775;
x = 0.489, y = 2.467
(8) (8)2 4(10)(5)

2(10)
8 264
=
20
= 1.2124 or 0.4124
x = 5 3(1.2124)
= 1.3628

x = 5 3(0.4124)

= 6.2372
x = 1.363, y = 1.212;
y = 6.237, y = 0.412
y =
(b) 2x = 3y + 2
3y + 2
1

x =
2

2xy = 1 2

3y + 2

2y
= 1
2
2

3y + 2y = 1

3y2 2y 1 = 0

(3y + 1)(y 1) = 0
1

y = or y = 1
3
1

3
1

3 + 2
3

x =
2
3

=
2


6

7


y = 2(2) 2

= 2

y = 2(1) 2

= 4
A(2, 2), B(1, 4)
( )
3(1) + 2
2
1

=
2
1
3 1
A ,1 ,B ,
2
2 3
x =
( ) (
x = 3y 3 1
2x 3y = 6xy 2
2(3y 3) 3y = 6y(3y 3)
6y 6 3y = 18y2 18y
18y2 21y + 6 = 0
6y2 7y + 2 = 0
(3y 2)(2y 1) = 0
2
1
y = or y =
3
2
2
3
2

x = 3
3
3

= 1
1
2
1

x = 3
3
2
3

=
2
2
3 1
1,
and ,
3
2 2
()
()
( ) (
(a)

x = 2y + 2 1
x2 + y2 = 2xy + 1 2
(2y + 2)2 + y2 = 2y(2y + 2) + 1
4y2 + 8y + 4 + y2 = 4y2 + 4y + 1
y2 + 4y + 3 = 0
(y + 3)(y + 1) = 0
y = 3 or y = 1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

8

9

10

x = 2(3) + 2
= 4

x = 2(1) + 2

= 0
(4, 3) and (0, 1)
4 + 0 3 + (1)
(b) Midpoint =
,
2
2

= (2, 2)
2x = y + 1
At (m, 3), 2m = 3 + 1

m = 2
3x2 + nxy + y2 = 9
At (2, 3),
3(2)2 + n(2)(3) + (3)2 = 9
12 + 6n = 0
6n = 12
n = 2
m = 2, n = 2
y = 2x 1 1
3x2 2xy + y2 = 9 2
3x2 2x(2x 1) + (2x 1)2 = 9
3x2 4x2 + 2x + 4x2 4x + 1 = 9
3x2 2x 8 = 0
(3x + 4)(x 2) = 0
4
x = or x = 2
3
4
3
4
y = 2 1
3
11
=
3
4 11
The other solution is ,
.
3
3
4x + 4y = 48
x + y = 12
x = 12 y 1
x2 + y2 = 80 2
(12 y)2 + y2 = 80
144 24y + y2 + y2 = 80
2y2 24y + 64 = 0
y2 12y + 32 = 0
(y 4)(y 8) = 0
y = 4 or y = 8
x = 12 4
= 8
x = 12 8
= 4
x = 4, y = 8
( )
(
2x = 1 3y
1 3y
1
x =
2
2
2
3y = x + 2 2
1 3y 2
3y2 =
+2
2
1 6y + 9y2
+2
3y2 =
4
12y2 = 1 6y + 9y2 + 8
3y2 + 6y 9 = 0
y2 + 2y 3 = 0
(y + 3)(y 1) = 0
y = 3 or y = 1
1 3(3)
x =
2
= 5
1 3(1)

x =

2

= 1
The points of intersection are (5, 3)
and (1, 1).
Distance = [1 (3)]2 + (1 5)2
= 16 + 36
= 52
= 7.21 units
1

2

y = 3 2x 1
x2 + y2 = 2 2
x2 + (3 2x)2 = 2
x2 + 9 12x + 4x2 = 2
5x2 12x + 7 = 0
(5x 7)(x 1) = 0
7
x = or x = 1
5
7
5
7
y = 3 2
5
1
=
5
y = 3 2(1)
= 1
7
1
x = , y = ; x = 1, y = 1
5
5
()
x = 1 3y 1
x2 3y2 = 2xy 2
(1 3y)2 3y2 = 2y(1 3y)
1 6y + 9y2 3y2 = 2y 6y2
12y2 8y + 1 = 0
(6y 1)(2y 1) = 0
1
1
y = or y =
6
2
1
6
1
x = 1 3
6
1
=
2
1
2
1
x = 1 3
2
1
=
2
1
1
1
1
x= ,y= ;x= ,y=
2
2
2
6
()
()
y = 1 2x 1
x2 2y2 = 4xy 2
x2 2(1 2x)2 =
x2 2(1 4x + 4x2) =
x2 2 + 8x 8x2 =
x2 + 4x 2 =
x =

4

5

4x(1 2x)
4x 8x2
4x 8x2
0
4 42 4(1)(2)
2(1)
4 24
2
= 0.4495 or 4.4495
y = 1 2(0.4495)
= 0.101
y = 1 2(4.4495)
= 9.899
x = 0.450, y = 0.101;
x = 4.450, y = 9.899
=
y=5x 1
4x2 6y = 24 2
4x2 6(5 x) = 24
4x2 30 + 6x = 24
4x2 + 6x 54 = 0
2x2 + 3x 27 = 0
(2x + 9)(x 3) = 0
9
x = or x = 3
2
9
2
9
y = 5
2
19
=
2
y = 5 3
= 2
9
19
x = , y = ; x = 3, y = 2
2
2
( )
2x 2y = x + y 1
x = 3y 1 1
2x2 11y2 = x + y 1 2
2(3y 1)2 11y2 = 3y 1 + y 1
2
2(9y 6y + 1) 11y2 = 4y 2
18y2 12y + 2 11y2 = 4y 2
7y2 16y + 4 = 0
(7y 2)(y 2) = 0
2
y = or y = 2
7
2
7
2

x = 3
1
7
1

=
7

x = 3(2) 1

= 5
2
1
x = , y = ; x = 5, y = 2
7
7
()
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
[(
) ]
2
6 3y
+ 1 + 6(y 2)2 = 49
2
(7 3y)2 + 6(y 2)2 = 49
49 42y + 9y2 + 6(y2 4y + 4) = 49
15y2 66y + 24 = 0
5y2 22y + 8 = 0
(5y 2)(y 4) = 0
2

y = or y = 4
5
2
6 3y
Substitute y = into x =
:
5
2
2
63
5
x =
2
12
=
5
6 3y
Substitute y = 4 into x =
:
2
6 3(4)
x =
2
= 3
12
2
x = , y = ; x = 3, y = 4
5
5
()
x y = 4
y = x 4 1
2x2 y2 = 17 2
2x2 (x 4)2 = 17
2x2 (x2 8x + 16) = 17
x2 + 8x 33 = 0
(x + 11)(x 3) = 0
x = 11 or x = 3
y = 11 4
= 15
y = 3 4
= 1
x = 11, y = 15; x = 3, y = 1
(11, 15); (3, 1)
y = 3 5x 1
x2 + y2 3x = 2 2
x2 + (3 5x)2 3x = 2
2
x + 9 30x + 25x2 3x = 2
26x2 33x + 7 = 0
(26x 7)(x 1) = 0
7
or x = 1

x=
26
7
into 1 :
Substitute x =
26
7
y = 3 5
26
43
=
26
y = 3 5(1)
= 2
7
43
x = , y = ; x = 1, y = 2
26
26
7 43
,
; (1, 2)
26 26
( )
(a) x = 1 3y 1

2x2 + xy = y2 + 36 2

2(1 3y)2 + y(1 3y) = y2 + 36
2(1 6y + 9y2) + y 3y2 = y2 + 36
14y2 11y 34 = 0
(14y + 17)(y 2) = 0
17
or y = 2

y=
14
17
into 1 :

Substitute y =
14
17

x = 1 3
14
65

=
14


x = 1 3(2)

= 1 6

= 5
65 17
,

M(5, 2) and N
14 14
(b) Midpoint
17
65
2+
5 +
14
14 ,

=
2
2
( )
5 11
,
28 28
( )]
10 px + qy = 2

At (1, 2),

p(1) + 2q = 2

p = 2 2q 1

qx + p2y = 10

At (1, 2),

q(1) + 2p2 = 10

q + 2p2 = 10 2


q + 2(2 2q)2 = 10

q + 2(4 8q + 4q2) = 10

8q2 15q 2 = 0

(8q + 1)(q 2) = 0
1

q = or q = 2
8
1

Substitute q = into 1 :
8
1

p = 2 2
8
9

=
4


p = 2 2(2)

= 2
9
1

p = , q = ; p = 2, q = 2
4
8
( )
11

x = 5 2y 1
2x + y = 2xy 2
2(5 2y) + y = 2y(5 2y)
10 4y + y = 10y 4y2
4y2 13y + 10 = 0
(4y 5)(y 2) = 0
5
y = or y = 2
4
5
4
5
x = 5 2
4
5
=
2
x = 5 2(2)
= 1
5 5
P(1, 2) and Q ,
2 4
()
( )
12

(a) y = 2x 5 1

y2 + (2x + 3)2 = 10 2


(2x 5)2 + (2x + 3)2 = 10
4x2 + 20x + 25 + 4x2 + 12x + 9 = 10

8x2 + 32x + 24 = 0

x2 + 4x + 3 = 0

(x + 3)(x + 1) = 0

x = 3 or x = 1


y = 2(3) 5

= 1

y = 2(1) 5
= 3

A(3, 1) and B(1, 3)
(b) Midpoint
3 + (1) 1 + (3)
,

=
2
2

= (2, 1)
13

y = 3x 7 1
x2 + y2 xy = 7 2
x2 + (3x 7)2 x(3x 7) = 7
2
x + 9x2 42x + 49 3x2 + 7x = 7
7x2 35x + 42 = 0
x2 5x + 6 = 0
(x 2)(x 3) = 0
x = 2 or x = 3
y = 3(2) 7
= 1
y = 3(3) 7
= 2
x = 2, y = 1; x = 3, y = 2
R(2, 1) ; S(3, 2)
Length of RS : [2 (1)]2 + (3 2)2
= 32 + 12
= 10
= 3.162 units
14
xy = 70
x
y
2
22 x
y
7 2
11x
y
7
()
()
1
= 1
= 1
= 1
11x
1 2
7
11
x
x 1 = 70
7
11x2 7x = 490
11x2 7x 490 = 0
(11x + 70)(x 7) = 0
x = 7( 0)
xy = 70
7y = 70
y = 10
x = 7, y = 10
y =
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Indices and Logarithms

1 (a) (3)4 = 3 3 3 3

= 81
2

(b) 64 3 = (43) 3

= 42

= 16
1
3
1
3 3

(c) (125) = [(5) ]

= 5
2

(d) (27) 3 = [(3)3] 3

= (3)2
1
=

(3)2
1
=

9
25 32
5 2 32
=
(e)

81 9
5 3

=

9
125
=

729

1
125 43 =
(f)
125 43
8
8

1
=
5 3 43

2
= 1 4
5

2
16
=

625
1
6
2 (a) 9 9 = 9
= 9 2
= 9
= 3

(c)

3+1
2 2
= 3
= 32
= 9
1
6
2
3
1
2 6
(d) 36 6 = (6 ) 6

(e)

1
2
= 6
= 6
2
3
=
=
=
=
=
16 64 = (42) 2 (43) 3

= 4 42

= 41 + (2)

= 41
1
=

4
Cerdik Publications
Publications Sdn.
Sdn. Bhd.
Bhd. (203370-D)
(203370-D) 2010
2010
Cerdik
1
4 4
(2 ) (2 )
23 21
23 1
22
4
49 4 7 4 = (72) 4 7 4
( )
(2 ) (22)1 (29) 3
22 22 212
22 2 12
212
1
212
1
4096
( )
83
(23) 3
4
7

4 128 22 (27) 7
22

= 2

2 24
22
= 6

2
1
= 4

2
1
=

16
1
27 3
(f)
33 93
(33) 3
1+2
3 3
3
32
31
= 2
3
1
=
3
=
3 3 (32) 3
27 3 81 4
(33) 3 (34) 4
=
9
32

34 31

=

32
33
= 2

3
1
= 5

3
1
=

243
5 (a) (a2b3)5 = a2 5b3 5

= a10b15
a2 2 a2 2
(b)
=

b4 b4 2
a4
= 8

b
1
= 4 8

ab
5
3
16 52 (32 )
(c) 16a 2 4a 2 =
a

4
1

= 4a
4
=

a
1
81 31
27
1
4
= (33) 3 (34) 4 31
= 34 3 31
= 34 + 1 (1)
= 36
= 729
=
=
=
=
= 7
= 71
= 7
1
4
2
3 3
1
4
= 7
= 11
74
1 3
4
= 7 2
4
3
(f)
(e)
1 + 1 1
3 2
6
(d)
25 2 125 3 = (52) 2 (53) 3

= 51 52

= 51 (2)

= 53

= 125
(b) 8 3 41 512 3
2
3
1+2
3 3
3
5 5
1
4
27 3 81 4 = (33) 3 (34) 4

= 34 31

= 34 (1)

= 33
1
=

27
83 25 = (23)3 25

= 29 (5)

= 24
1
=

16
4 (a)
23 16 4 = 23 (24) 4

= 23 23

= 23 + 3

= 20

= 1
3
5
(c) 7 3 49 4 7 6 = 7 3 (72) 4 7 6
8 3 4 2 = (23) 3 (22) 2

= 22 21

= 22 1

= 23
1
=

8
(b) 27 2 3 2 = 3 2 3 2

(c)

(d)

(e)

1+1
3 6
32 16

( ) ( )
[( ) ]
()
53 25 2 = 53 (52) 2

= 53 + 1

= 54

= 625
3 (a)

(b)

( ) [( ) ]
()
1
3

(f)

( )
(d) x8y4 = (x8) 2 (y4) 2

= x4y2
1
= 4 2

xy

(e) (a5b3)2 (a4b3)3

= a10b6 a12b9

= a10 + 12 b6 + 9

= a2b15
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
978-983-70-3258-3
ISBN:
(f)
9h5k4
1
= h5 8k4 3
27h8k3 3
k
=

3h3
2 1
1x+ 2

(g) (2m 3 n 6 )6 = 26(m 3 )6(n 6 )6

= 64m4n1
64m4
=

n

(h)

(i)

1n
2n
(m4) 2 (m 3 )9
= m2n m6n
= m2n 6n
= m8n
1
= 8n
m
1
3
p6q3 = (p6q3) 3

= p2q1
p2
=

q
6 (a) ( m )3 (3 m )4 (6 m )5

(b)

(c)

(d)

3+45
= m 2 3 6
= m2
3p + 1 9p 27 = 3p + 1 32p 33

= 3p + 1 + 2p 3

= 33p 2
23a 1 8a + 1 16
= 23a 1 23(a + 1) 24
= 23a 1 3(a + 1) + 4
= 20
= 1
32k 9k 2 812k 1
= 32k 32(k 2) 34(2k 1)

= 32k + 2(k 2) 4(2k 1)

= 34k
1
= 4k

3
4b + 1 + (b 1)
4b + 1 4b 1
(e)
=
42b
16b

42b

= 2b

4

= 42b (2b)

= 44b
81y + 1 92y + 1
(f)

3y 4 27y + 2
34(y + 1) 32(2y + 1)
=

3y 4 33(y + 2)
34(y + 1) 2(2y + 1)
=

3y 4 + 3(y + 2)
32
= 4y + 2

3

= 32 (4y + 2)

= 34y
1
= 4y

3
3x
3x 31
31
y
=
3y

3
8

= y
3
3
(b) 4(31 x) = 4 x
3

12

=
y
7 (a) 3x 1 3x + 1 =
()
(c) 9x 27 3 31 2
3 x+

= 32x 3 ( 3 3 )

2x
= 3 3x + 2

= 32x 3x 9

= y2 9y
(d) 3x + 3x + 1 + 3x + 2

= 3x + 3x 3 + 3x 9

= y + 3y + 9y

= 13y

(e) 32x + 1 + 33x 1 = 32x 3 +

(f)

8 (27k2)3 h

( )
33x
3
1
= 3y2 + y3
3
= 3x 3 ( 2 )
= 3x 3x + 2
= 3x 3x 9
= y 9y
= 8y
1x+1
3x 9 2

2 1x+1
1 h
= (33k2)3 h(3k)h
3k
= 39 3hk6 2h(3hkh)
= 39 3h hk6 2h h
= 39 4hk6 3h
9 (a)

4n 22n + 1 + 5(4n + 1)
= 22n 22n 21 + 5[22(n + 1)]
= 22n 2 22n + 5(22n 22)
= 22n 2 22n + 20 22n
= 19 22n
\ 19 22n is divisible by 19 for
all positive integers of n.
(b) 2n 1 + 2n + 1 + 2n

= 2n 21 + 2n 21 + 2n
1
=
2n + 2 2n + 2n

2
7
=
2n

2
7
\
2n is divisible by 7 for

2

(c) 4(2n + 2) + 2n + 1 3(2n)

= 4(2n 22) + 2n 21 3 2n

= 16 2n + 2 2n 3 2n

= 15 2n

(d) 3n + 3n + 1 + 3n + 2

= 3n + 3n 31 + 3n 32

= 3n + 3 3n + 9 3n

= 13 3n

10 (a) Let 3a = 2b = 6c = k, then

32=6

1+1
k a k b = k c
k a b = k c
a+b
1
=

ab c
ab

c =
a+b
(b) Let 3x = 4y = 12z = k

then 3 4 = 12
k x k y = k z
1+1
x y

k = k z
x+y 1

=

xy z

xz + yz = xy
xy xz = yz

x(y z) = yz
yz

x =
y z
11 (a) 53 = 125 log5125 = 3
(b) 73 = 343 log7343 = 3
(c) 100 = 1 log101 = 0
1
1
(d) 42 =
= 2
log4
16
16

1
1
(e) 31 = log3
= 1
3
3

3
(f) 6 = 216 log6216 = 3
( )
()
12 (a) log39 = 2 9 = 32
(b) log81 = 0 1 = 80
(c) log101000 = 3 1000 = 103
1
1
(d) log2
= 1 = 21
2
2
1
1
(e) log6
= 2
= 62
36
36

(f) log216 = 4 16 = 24
()
( )
13 (a) log40.25 = x

0.25 = 4x
1
4x =
4

4x = 41

\ x = 1

(b) log5 5 = x

5 2 = 5x
1

\ x =
2
1
(c) log9x =
2

1
x = 9 2
1
= 1

9 2
1
\ x =
3

(d) logx27 = 3

27 = x3

x3 = 33

\ x = 3

(e) log2(3x + 1) = 4

3x + 1 = 24

3x + 1 = 16

3x = 15

\ x = 5

(f) logx + 181 = 2

81 = (x + 1)2

92 = (x + 1)2

x + 1 = 9

\ x = 8

(g) logx(5x 6) = 2

5x 6 = x2

x2 5x + 6 = 0

(x 2)(x 3) = 0

x = 2 or x = 3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

(h) log335 = x

35 = 3x

\ x = 5
14 (a) log264 = x

64 = 2x

26 = 2x

x = 6

\ log264 = 6

(b) log41 = x

1 = 4x

40 = 4x

x = 0

\ log41 = 0

(c) log366 = x

6 = 36x

61 = 62x

2x = 1
1
x =

2
1

\ log366 =
2

(d) log 1 4 = x
2
1 x
4 =

2

22 = 2x

x = 2

\ log 1 4 = 2
()

(e) log80.25 = x

0.25 = 8x
1
= 8x
4

22 = 23x
2
x =
3

2

\ log80.25 =
3

(f) log 2 = x
x
2 = 2

1

2 2 = 2 2

x = 1

\ log 2 = 1

(g) log100.001 = x

0.001 = 10x

103 = 10x

x = 3

\ log100.01 = 3

(h) log241 = x

41 = 2x

22 = 2x

x = 2
\ log241 = 2
1
(i) log5 = x
25

1

= 5x
25

52 = 5x

x = 2
1

\ log5 = 2
25
15 (a)

log245 = log2(9 5)

= log29 + log25

= 2 log23 + log25

= 2p + q

(b)

(c)

log210 = log2(2 5)

= log22 + log25

= 1 + q
log275 = log2(3 25)

= log23 + 2 log25

= p + 2q
16 (a) log10x2y = 2 log10x + log10y

= 2m + n

(b) log10 10xy3
1

= (log1010 + log10x + 3 log10y)
2
1
= (1 + m + 3n)

2
1 + m + 3n
=
2

100 x
(c) log10
y2

= log10100 + log10 x log10y2
1

= 2log1010 + log10x 2log10y
2

1

= 2 + m 2n
2

10y
(d) log10
x

= log1010 + log10y log10x

= 1 + n m
( )
17 (a)

(b)

log320 = log3(4 5)

= 2 log32 + log35

= 2(0.631) + 1.465

= 2.727
log315 = log3(3 5)

= log33 + log35

= 1 + 1.465

= 2.465
1
2
(c) log3
= log32

2
1
= (0.631)

2

= 0.3155
5
(d) log32.5 = log3
2

= log35 log32

= 1.465 0.631

= 0.834
1
10
(e) log33 = log3
3
3

= log310 log33

= log3(2 5) log33

= log32 + log35 log33

= 0.631 + 1.465 1

= 1.096
1
(f) log3 = log31 log38
8

= log31 log323

= log31 3 log32

= 0 3(0.631)

= 1.893
()
18 (a)

loga9
2 loga3
=
loga5a loga5 + logaa

2(0.254)
0.721 + 1
= 0.2952
=

(b) loga(3a2) = loga3 + 2 logaa

= 0.254 + 2

= 2.254
25
(c) loga
3a

= 2 loga5 (loga3 + logaa)

= 2(0.721) (0.254 + 1)

= 0.188
( )

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

( ) ()
( )( )
( )
[ ]
()
81
2
3
+ 2 log2
2 log2
8
3
4
81 4
8 9
= log2
9
16
= log28
= log223
= 3 log22
= 3
8
log48 log42 = log4
2

= log44

= 1
1
log636 + log7
7
= log662 + log771
= 2 log66 + (log77)
= 2 1
= 1
log3(3 3) + log3 3
1
1
= log33 + log33 + log33
2
2
1 1
= 1 + +
2 2
= 2
4
+
2 log105 log102 + log10
35
log1070
19 (a) log2
()
()
= log10
(25)
( )
4
(70)
35
2
( )
= log10100
= 2 log1010
= 2
log32 + log34 log372
(2)(4)
= log3
72
1
= log3
9
= log332
= 2
[ ]
20 (a) 2 logm5 3 logm2

= logm25 logm8
25

= logm
8

(b) loga7 + loga 7

= loga(7 7)

1+ 1
= loga7 2
3
= loga7

2
(c) 2 logp5 + logp4 2 logp3

= logp25 + logp4 logp9
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
( )
( )
() ( )
( )( )
( )
()
= logp
= logp
(25)(4)
9
100
9
3
8
3
(d) 4 log10
+ log10
2 log10
2
75
5

81 8
16 75
= log10
9
25

3

= log10
2

(e) 2 + log25 = 2 log22 + log25

= log2(4 5)

= log220

(f) 3 3 log102 = 3 log1010 3 log102

= log10103 log1023

= log101000 log108
1000
= log10
8

= log10125
[ ]
()
( )
log107
log104
21 (a) log47 =

= 1.4037
log1012
(b) log312 =
log103
= 2.2619
log108
(c) log 1 8 =
1
2
log10
2

= 3
log105.2

(d) log4(5.2) =

log104

= 1.1893
log106.5
(e) log2.56.5 =
log102.5

(f)

= 2.0428
log10p
log105
= 0.7113
log5p =

22 (a) log85 log57 log78

log105
log107
log108
=

log108
log105
log107

= 1
1
1
1
(b)
+
+

logaabc logbabc logcabc

= logabca + logabcb + logabcc

= logabcabc

= 1
(c) 4 log35 2 log53

4 log55
=
2 log53

log53

= 8
(d) logba logcb logac
log10a
log10b
log10c
=

log10b
log10c
log10a

= 1
23 (a) log224 = log2(8 3)

= log28 + log23
= log223 + log23
= 3 log22 + log23
= 3 + 1.585
= 4.585
log224
(b) log824 =

log28
log224
=

log223
4.585

=

3

= 1.528
24 (a) log3a3 = 3 log3a

= 3m
1
(b) log3
= log3a1
a

= log3a

= m

log3a

(c) log9a =
log39
log3a
=

log332
m
=

2
()
25 (a) log2mn = log2m + log2n

= p + q
m
log2
n
m

(b) log4
=
log24
n
log2m log2n
=
2 log22

pq
=

2
log24n
(c) logm4n =
log2m

2 log22 + log2n
=
log2m

2+q
=

p
()
()
()
1
= log41 log4a
a

= 0 b

= b

log48a
(b) log28a =
log42

log48 + log4a
=
log42

log4(4 2) + log4a
=
log42

log44 + log42 + log4a
=
log42

1
1+ +b
2
=
1
2

3
+b
2
=
1

2

= 3 + 2b
26 (a) log4
27 (a)

log464h = log464 + log4h

= log443 + log4h

= 3 log44 + log4h

= 3 + k
log4h
(b) log8h =

log48
log4h
=

log4(4 2)
log4h
=

log44 + log42
k
1+
1
2
2
= k
3
log48h3

(c) log28h3 =
log42
log48 + 3 log4h
=
log42

log4(4 2) + 3 log4h
=
log42

log44 + log42 + 3 log4h
=
log42

1
+ 3k
2
1
2

= 3 + 6k
=
1+
log981
log9y
log992
=
log9y
28 logy81 =

2
x
29 m = 2a log2m = a
n = 2b log2n = b
m3n
(a) log2
8

= log2m3 + log2n log28

= 3 log2m + log2n 3 log22

= 3a + b 3
log2m log2n
(b) log8m + log4n =
+
log24
log28

log2m log2n
+
=

log223 log222

log2m log2n
=
+
2

3
a b
= +

3 2
2a + 3b
=
6

( )
logpk
1
logp
p

logpk
=
1
logpp
30 log 1 k =
p
= h
31 (a) 4x = 8

22x = 23
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
3x + 1
3
6x + 6 = 3x + 1

9x = 5
5

x =
9
\ 2x = 3
3
x =
2

(b) 22x 1 = 32

22x 1 = 25

\ 2x 1 = 5

2x = 6

x = 3

(c) 4x + 1 = 0.25
1
4x + 1 =

4

4x + 1 = 41

\ x + 1 = 1

x = 2
1
(d) ( 2 )3x =

8

3x
x+2
32x = 3 2
x+2
\ 2x =

2

4x = x + 2

3x = 2
2
x =
3
1
(f) 16x =
2

24x = 21

\ 4x = 1
1
x =
4

(g) 54 + x = (0.2)x
1 x
54 + x =

5

54 + x = 5x
\ 4 + x = x

2x = 4

x = 2

(h) 34x = 27x + 3

34x = 33(x + 3)

\ 4x = 3x + 9

x = 9
()
32 (a)
9x 1 =
()
1
3
4x 1
32(x 1) = 31(4x 1)

\ 2x 2 = 4x + 1

6x = 3
1

x =
2

(b)
32x + 1 = 9x 2
2x + 1
3 2 = 32(x 2)
2x + 1
\
= 2x 4
2

2x + 1 = 4x 8

2x = 9
9

x =
2
1 x 1 3 3x + 1
= 2
(c)
4

()
22(x 1) = 2
(d)
22 = 23
3
\ x = 3

2

x = 2

(e) 9x = ( 3 )x + 2

3x + 1
3
\ 2x + 2 =
34x 5 = 3 34x + 5
4x 5
4x + 5
3 2 = 3 3
4x 5
4x + 5
\
=
2 3

12x 15 = 8x + 10

4x = 25
25

x =
4
53x
1
=
(e)
25x + 1 125

53x
= 53
2(x + 1)
5

53x 2(x + 1) = 53

\ 3x 2x 2 = 3

x = 1
1 2x + 1
24x 1
(f)
=

2
128

24x 1
2(2x + 1) =
27

()
4x 8
22x 1 = 2 2
4x 8
\ 2x 1 =

2
4x 2 = 4x 8

8x = 6
3

x =
4
33 (a) 22x + 1 + 2x 3 = 0

21 22x + 2x 3 = 0

Let
y = 2x

2y2 + y 3 = 0

(2y + 3)(y 1) = 0
3
y = or y = 1
2

3
When y =
2

3
x
2 = (inadmissible)
2

When y = 1

2x = 1

2x = 20

\ x = 0

(b)
22x + 3 + 2x + 3 = 1 + 2x

23 22x + 23 2x = 1 + 2x

8 22x + 8 2x = 1 + 2x

Let
y = 2x

8y2 + 8y = 1 + y

8y2 + 7y 1 = 0

(8y 1)(y + 1) = 0
1
y = or y = 1
8

1
When y = ,
When y = 1

8
2x = 1
1

2x =
(inadmissible)

8

2x = 23
\ x = 3
(c)
41 x + 23 x = 12
8
22(1 x) + x = 12
2

8

22 2x + x = 12
2

4
8
+
= 12
22x 2x

Let
y = 2x

4 8
+
= 12

y2 y

4y + 8y2 = 12y3

12y3 8y2 4y = 0

4y(3y2 2y 1) = 0

4y(3y + 1)(y 1) = 0
1
y = 0 or y = or y = 1
3

When y = 0

2x = 0 (inadmissible)
1
When y =
3

1
2x = (inadmissible)
3

When y = 1

2x = 1

2x = 20

\ x = 0

(d)
6(9x) + 3x = 2

6 32x + 3x = 2

Let
y = 3x

6y2 + y 2 = 0

(3y + 2)(2y 1) = 0
2
1
y = or y =
3
2

2

When y =
3

2
x
3 = (inadmissible)
3

1

When y =

2
1
x
3 =
2

1
x log103 = log10
2

1
log10
2
\ x =

log103

(e)

(f)

x = 0.631
52x + 5x + 1 = 6
52x + 5 5x = 6
Let
y = 5x
y2 + 5y 6 = 0
(y + 6)(y 1) = 0
y = 6 or y = 1
When y = 6

When y = 1

5x = 1

5x = 50

\ x = 0

9x = 4(3x) 3

32x = 4(3x) 3
Let
y = 3x
y2 4y + 3 = 0
(y 1)(y 3) = 0
y = 1 or y = 3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

(g)

When y = 1
When y = 3

3x = 1
3x = 3
x
0

3 = 3
3x = 31

x = 0
x = 1
\ x = 0 or x = 1

32x + 1 + 9 = 3x + 3 + 3x
3 32x + 9 = 33 3x + 3x
3 32x + 9 = 27 3x + 3x
Let
y = 3x

3y2 + 9 = 27y + y
3y2 28y + 9 = 0
(3y 1)(y 9) = 0
1
y = or y = 9
3

1
When y =
When y = 9

3
3x = 9
1

x
3 =
3x = 32

3

\
x = 2

3x = 31

\ x = 1

\ x = 1 or x = 2

(h)
5(2x) = 2(4x) + 2

5 2x = 2 22x + 2

Let
y = 2x

5y = 2y2 + 2

2y2 5y + 2 = 0

(2y 1)(y 2) = 0
1

y = or y = 2
2

1

When y =
When y = 2

2
2x = 2
x
1

2 = 2 \ x = 1

\ x = 1

\ x = 1 or x = 1
34 (a)

(b)

8x 1 = 4y
2
= 22y
3x 3 = 2y
3x 2y = 3 1
27x = 3y + 3
33x = 3y + 3

3x = y + 3

3x y = 3 2
2 1 : y = 0
3(x 1)
3x 2(0) = 3

3x = 3

x = 1
\ x = 1, y = 0

3x 92y = 27

3x 34y = 33

3x + 4y = 33

x + 4y = 3 1
1
2x 4y =

8

2x 22y = 23

2x 2y = 23

x 2y = 3 2
1 2 : 6y = 6

y = 1
x + 4(1) = 3

x = 1
\ x = 1, y = 1

(c)

7x y = 49
7x y = 72
x y = 2 1
7x + y = 343
7x + y = 73
x + y = 3 2
1 + 2 : 2x = 5
5
x =

2

Substitute x =
5
into 1 :
2
5
y = 2
2
5
y = 2

2
1
y =

2
5
1

\x= ,y=
2
2

(d)
3x 81y = 27

3x 34y = 33

3x + 4y = 33

x + 4y = 3 1
1
2x 8y =

16

2x 23y = 24

2x + 3y = 24

x + 3y = 4 2

y = 7
1 2 :

(e)

(f)

x + 4(7) = 3
x + 28 = 3

x = 25
\ x = 25, y = 7

52x + y = 625

52x + y = 54

2x + y = 4 1
1
24x 2y =

16

24x 2y = 24

4x 2y = 4

2x y = 2 2
1 + 2 : 4x = 2
1
x =

2
Substitute x =
()
1
into 1 :
2
1
2
+ y = 4
2
1 + y = 4

y = 3
1
\x= ,y=3
2

8x = 2y + 1

23x = 2y + 1

3x y = 1 1

5y = 25x + 1

5y = 52(x + 1)

y = 2x + 2

2x y = 2 2
1 2 : x = 3
35

3(3) y = 1

y = 9 1
= 8
\ x = 3, y = 8
y = mxn 5
7 = m(2)n 5
m(2)n = 12 1
22 = m(3)n 5
m(3)n = 27 2
2 n 12
=
1 2:

3 27
n
2
4
=
3 9

2 n
2 2
=
3 3

\ n = 2
()
()
() ()
Substitute n = 2 into 1 :
m(2)2 = 12

4m = 12
\ m = 3
\ m = 3, n = 2
36 (a)
0.1x = 0.25

x log100.1 = 5 log100.2

x = 3.4949

(b)
2x 3x = 5x + 1

6x = 5x + 1

x log106 = (x + 1) log105

x log106 = x log105 + log105
x (log106 log105) = log105

x = 8.8275

(c)
3x + 1 = 7

(x + 1) log103 = log107

x + 1 = 1.7712

x = 0.7712

(d)
4x = 9(5x)
4 x
= 9
5

4
x log10
= log109
5

x = 9.8467

(e)
2x = 3x 2

x log102 = (x 2) log103

x log102 = x log103 2 log103
x (log103 log102) = 2 log103

x = 5.419

(f)
3x + 1 = 4x

(x + 1) log103 = x log104

x log103 + log103 = x log104

x (log104 log103) = log103

x = 3.819
()
()
37 (a) 5 logm6 logm96 = 4

logm
( )
65
= 4
96
4
m = 81
m4 = 34
\ m = 3

(b)
log1025 + log10x log10(x 1) = 2

25x
log10
= 2
x1

( )
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

25x
= 100
x 1
25x = 100x 100
75x = 100
4
x =
3
log104 + 2 log10p = 2

log104p2 = 2

4p2 = 100

p2 = 25

p = 25
= 5
\ p = 5 (5 is rejected)
2 log103 + log102x = log10(3x + 1)
log10(32 2x) = log10(3x + 1)
log1018x = log10(3x + 1)
18x = 3x + 1
15x = 1
1
x =
15
log2(2x + 5) 2 log22x = 2
2x + 5
log2
= 2
(2x)2

2x + 5
= 4
4x2

2x + 5 = 16x2

16x2 2x 5 = 0

(8x 5)(2x + 1) = 0
5
1
x = or x =
8
2
log10(x + 6) = log10(3x 2)

x + 6 = 3x 2

2x = 8

x = 4
38 (a)
log5x = 4 logx5 + 3
log55
log5x = 4
+3
log5x

4
log5x =
+3

log5x

Let
y = log5x
4
y = + 3

y

y2 = 4 + 3y

y2 3y 4 = 0

(y + 1)(y 4) = 0

y = 1 or y = 4

When y = 1 When y = 4

log5x = 1 log5x = 4

x = 51
x = 54
1

= 625
=

5
1

\ x = or x = 625
5

(b) log3x + log9x = 6
log3x
log3x +
= 6
2 log33

1
log x + log3x = 6
2

3

log3x x = 6

( )
3
2
x = 36
3
2

x = 729
2

x = 729 3
2
= (36) 3

= 34

= 81

(c) log4(6 x) log28 = log93

log4(6 x) log223 = log99 2

1
log4(6 x) 3 =

2
7
log4(6 x) =
2

7

6 x = 4 2
7

6 x = (22) 2

6 x = 128

x = 122

(d)
1

log5x log25(x + 10) =
2
log5(x + 10) 1

log5x
=
log525 2

1
1

log5x log5(x + 10) =
2
2

x
1

=
log5
x + 10 2

1
x
= 5 2
x + 10

x = ( 5)( x + 10)

x2 = 5(x + 10)

x2 5x 50 = 0

(x + 5)(x 10) = 0

x = 5 or x = 10

\ x = 10

(e)
log3x + 2 = 3 logx3
3
log3x + 2 =

log3x

Let
y = log3x
3
y + 2 =

y

y2 + 2y 3 = 0

(y + 3)(y 1) = 0

y = 3 or y = 1

When y = 3
When y = 1

log3x = 3 log3x = 1

x = 33
x = 3
1
=

27

1

\x=
or x = 3
27

(f) 4 log4x = 9 logx4
9
4 log4x =

log4x

Let
y = log4x
9

4y =

y
9
y2 =
4

3
y =
2

3
3
When y =
When y =

2
2
3
3
log4x =
log4x =
2
2

3
2
3
2
x = 4 3

x = 4
3
= (22) 2 = (22) 2
1
= 8 =
8
\ x = 8 or x =
1
8
39 (a) log10y = 2 log10x

log10xy = 2

xy = 100
100

y =
x

(b)
2 log10xy = 2 + log10(x + 1)
+ log10y
x2y2
log10
= 2
y(x + 1)

x2y
= 100
x + 1

100(x + 1)

y =
x2

(c) 3 + log2(x + y) = log2(x 2y)
x 2y

3 = log2
x+y

x 2y
8 =

x+y

8x + 8y = x 2y

10y = 7x
7

y = x
10

(d) 3 + log10x = 2 log10y
y2
log10 = 3
x

y2
= 1000
x

2

y = 1000x

y = 1000x
40 (a)
2x(4y) = 128
x

2 22y = 27

x + 2y = 7 1

log10(4x y) = log102 + log105

log10(4x y) = log10(2 5)

log10(4x y) = log1010

4x y = 10 2

2 2: 8x 2y = 20 3

9x = 27
1 + 3 :

x = 3

(b)

3 + 2y = 7
2y = 4

y = 2
\x=3,y=2
log5(3x y) + log56 = log524

log56(3x y) = log524

6(3x y) = 24

3x y = 4 1

75x 73y = 1

75x 3y = 70

5x 3y = 0 2
1 3: 9x 3y = 12 3
4x = 12
3 2 :

x = 3

3(3) y = 4

y = 9 4

= 5
\ x = 3, y = 5
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
()
1
3
5x + 1
2
4 + 5x + 1
22n 1
22(1 n)
= 22n 1 2(1 n)
= 24n 3
5a
55 1
5
5a + 1 5a 1
4
=
6 53a 6 53a

24 a
5
5
=

6 53a
4
= 52a

5

\ Compare with m 5an
4
we have m = and n = 2.
5

a
( )
(64 3 x3)5
[(26) 3 x3]5
5 5
4 3 3
5 5
4 4 3 3
(16 x ) [(2 ) x ]
(24x3)5
=
5

(25x 3 )3

220x15

215x5

= 25x10

= (2x2)5

\ Compare with (2xm)n we have
m = 2 and n = 5.
=
2(2x + 4)
2
()
1
3
6 92x + 4 =
(3x + 3)
3
= 31(3x 3)
2x + 4 = 3x + 3

x = 1
7 2
1
32
=
2
3(x 1)
1
+y
= k z
1 1
1
+ =
x y z
x+y
1
=
xy z
xy
(shown)
z =
x+y
kx
2
3
= 34
5x + 1

4 +
= 4
2

5x + 1

= 8
2

5x + 1 = 16

5x = 15

x = 3
2n + 1 2n 2
41 n

) = 34
23(x 1) = 21 2 2
3
23(x 1) = 2 2
3
3x 3 =

2
9
3x =

2
9 4x + 1 + 7(2x) = 2
22(x + 1) + 7(2x) = 2
22x + 2 + 7(2x) = 2
4 22x + 7(2x) = 2

Let
y = 2x

4y2 + 7y = 2
4y2 + 7y 2 = 0
(4y 1)(y + 2) = 0
1
y = or y = 2

4
1
When y =

4
1
2x =
4

2x = 22

x = 2

When y = 2


\ x = 2
3
5
10 32 16

3
11
3
5 5
1
4 4
= (2 ) (2 )
= 23 21
= 22
= 4
3
a 2 b 3 = 4 2 27 3
3
3
c 4 16 4
12

1
4
(22) 2 (33) 3
3
4 4
(2 )
2332
= 3
2
= 32
= 9

1

2

1
2
+ y = 4
2

1 + y = 4

y = 3
1
\ x = , y = 3
2
()
k x k y = k z
35x + 1 = 81
34(3
3
2
8 Let 2x = 3y = 6z = k
2 3 = 6
1 8x 1 = 322x + 5
(23)x 1 = (25)2x + 5
3x 3 = 10x + 25
7x = 28

x = 4
2
x =
14 2x 4x 1 = 82x 1
2x 22(x 1) = 23(2x 1)

23x 2 = 26x 3

3x 2 = 6x 3

3x = 1
1

x =
3
15 4x + 2 32x = 576
(16 4x)(9x) = 576

4x9x = 36

36x = 36

x = 1

( ) ()
( )
9
64
16

1
2
27
64
2
3
3
8
3
8
8
3
9
16

16
=
9
=
17

y = nxm 4
8 = n(2)m 4
12 = n(2)m 1
71 = n(5)m 4
75 = n(5)m 2
4
2 m
=
1 2:

25 5
2 2
2 m
=
5 5

m = 2
()
() ()
Substitute m = 2 into 1 :
12 = n(2)2
n = 3
\ m = 2, n = 3
2n + 1 + 4(2n + 2) 3(2n)
= 2 2n + 4(4 2n) 3(2n)
= 2 2n + 16 2n 3 2n
= 15 2n
\ 15 2n is divisible by 15 for all
positive integers of n.
13
52x + y = 625

52x + y = 54

2x + y = 4 1

22(2x y) = 24

4x 2y = 4

2x y = 2 2

4x = 2
1 + 2 :
1
x =

2
2
3
(2k)3(2k)
18
1
4 3
(16k )

19

Let
2
3
(2k)3(2k)
(2k)
4
3
3 2 4
3 3
= (2k)
= 2k
log7x = 9 logx7
9 log77
log7x
y = log7x
9
y =
y
y2 = 9
y = 3
log7x =
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

When y = 3
When y = 3
log7x = 3 log7x = 3

x = 343
x = 73
1

=

343
1
\ x = 343 or x =
343
20 3 log7x 2 = log7y
3 log7x log7y = 2
x3
log7
= 2
y

3
x

= 49
y

x3

y =
49

()
21 2 logx4 + log4x = 3
1
2 logx4 +
= 3
logx4

Let y = logx4
1
2y + = 3
y

2y2 3y + 1 = 0
(2y 1)(y 1) = 0
1
y = or y = 1

2
1
When y =
When y = 1

2
logx4 = 1
1
log 4
=
x = 4
x

2
1
2

x = 4

x = 16
\ x = 16 or x = 4
22

logmp2q = 8
2 logmp + logmq = 8 1
q2
logm = 6
p
logmp + 2 logmq = 6 2
2 2: 2 logmp + 4 logmq = 12 3
5 logmq = 20
1 + 3 :
logmq = 4
Substitute logmq = 4 into 1 :
2 logmp + 4 = 8
2 logmp = 4

logmp = 2
\ logmq = 4, logmp = 2
23

log4mn = 10
log4m + log4n = 10 1
2 log8m = 3 log8n
2 log4m 3 log4n
=
log48 log48

2 log4m 3 log4n = 0 2

1 2: 2 log4m + 2 log4n = 20 3

5 log4n = 20
3 2 :

log4n = 4

n = 44

= 256

log4m + log4256 = 10
log4m + 4 log44 = 10
log4m = 6

\ m = 4096, n = 256
m = 46
= 4096
5
3
log22x + log x = 5
2
3
3 log22
log22x + 3 log2x = 5

log2(2x)(x3) = 5

2x4 = 32

x4 = 16

x = 2
( )
24 log82x + log2x =
27 p
33 p 2
= logp
25 logp
125
53
1
= 3 logp 3 + logp p
2

3 logp 5
1
= 3x + 3y
2

1
log3x = 2 log3z
2
log3y x = log3z2
y x = z2
z2
x =
y
z2 2
x =
y
z4
=
y2
26 log3y +

()
27 log45 log56 log67 log78

log25
log26
log27
log28
log25
log26
log27
log24
log28
log24
31 log10(2x + 7) = 1 + log10x
2x + 7
log10
= 1
x

2x + 7
= 10
x

2x + 7 = 10x

8x = 7
7

x =
8
()
1
= log41 log4n
n

= m

(b) log28n = log28 + log2n
log4n

= 3 log22 +
log42

= 3 + 2m
32 (a) log4
1
1
33 log28 + log3 + log2
9
2
= 3 log22 2 log33 log22
= 3 2 1
= 0
34 log1045 = log10(9 5)

= log109 + log105

= 2 log103 + log105

= 2(0.477) + 0.699

= 1.653
3 log22
=
2 log22
= 3
2
28 log927 log381 =
30 log2x 2 = log4(x 4)
log2(x 4)
log2x 2 =

2 log22
2 log2x 4 = log2(x 4)
x2
log2
= 4
x4

2
x
= 16
x 4

2

x = 16x 64
x2 16x + 64 = 0
(x 8)(x 8) = 0

x = 8
=

=
log327
log381
log39
3
4
2
6
29 log5x = 4 logx5
log x = 4
5 log5x

Let y = log5x
4
y =

y

y2 = 4

y = 2

When y = 2
When y = 2
log5x = 2 log5x = 2
1

x = 25
x =

25
1
\ x = 25 or x =
25
35 log264p = 6
log226p = 6
6p log22 = 6

6p = 6

p = 1
3 log22
log23
3
=
p
36 log38 =

37 logh10h = logh10 + loghh

1
=
+1

log10h
1
= +1

k
1+k
=

k
38 logm

( )
5m2
= logm5 + 2 logmm 3 logm3
27
= q + 2 3p
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
3
10
= log2[3 (5 2)]
= log23 (log25 + log22)
= 1.585 2.322 1
= 1.737
39 log20.3 = log2
=

=
=
=
() ( )
( )( )
()
2
81
3
+ log2
2 log2
3
8
4
4 81
9 8
log2
9
16
log28
3 log22
3
40 2 log2
41
log98 = a
3 log22
= a
log29
3
log29 =
a

log93
log43 =
log94

1
=

2 log94
1
=

2 log24

log29
1
4 log22
log29
=
10
1
4a
3
3
=
4a
=
( )
42

uv = 25
v = logu25
2 log55
v =

log5u
2
log5u =
v
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(4h)2 + (3h)2
25h2
h2
h
=
=
=
=
10
100
4
2
AB = (1 3) + (3)
BC = [1 (1)]2 + (5)2
CD = [(3 (1)]2 + [2 (5)]2
DA = (3 3)2 + (2 3)2

= 25

= 5 units
AB = BC = CD = DA
ABCD is a rhombus.
RP = SP
(2 y)2 + (3 x)2
= (2 y)2 + (4 x)2
4 4y + y2 + 9 6x + x2
= 4 + 4y + y2 + 16 8x + x2
13 6x 4y = 20 8x + 4y
2x 8y 7 = 0
AB = (6 2)2 + (6 1)2

= 41 units
BC = (1 6)2 + (10 6)2

= 41 units
AC = (1 2)2 + (10 1)2

= 82
AB = BC = 2AC
A, B and C are the vertices of a
right-angled triangle.
(a) PQ = [3 (4)]2 + (3 2)2
= 25
= 5 units
= 25
= 5 units
= 25
= 5 units
QR = (3 4)2 + [3 (4)]2

= 50 units
= 50 units
(b)

PR = (4 4)2 + [2 (4)]2

= 100

= 10 units
PQ = QR PR
PQR is an isosceles triangle.
AB = (1 5)2 + (1 2)2

= 25

= 5 units
BC = (1 1)2 + [2 (1)]2
10
CA = (1 5)2 + (2 2)2

= 16

= 4 units
Perimeter = 5 + 3 + 4

= 12 units
(a) P(x, 0), M(5, 2) and N(1, 4)

MP = NP
22 + (5 x)2 = 42 + (1 x)2
4 + 25 10x + x2 = 16 8y + y2 + 1
29 10x = 17 + 2x
12x = 12
x = 1

P(1, 0)
(b) Q(0, y), M(5, 2) and N(1, 4)

MQ = NQ
(2 y)2 + 52 = (4 y)2 + (1 0)2

4 4y + y2 + 25 = 16 8y + y2 + 1
29 4y = 17 8y
4y = 12
y = 3

Q(0, 3)
8

9

= 9
= 3 units
3 + h 4 + k
= (5, 7)
,
2
2
3 + h
4+k
= 5 and
= 7
2
2
3 + h = 10
4 + k = 14

h = 13
k = 10
h = 13, k = 10
m2 + n2
= 5
2
2
2
m + n = 10 1
m+n
= 1
2
m + n = 2
m = 2 n 2
(2 n)2 + n2 = 10
4 4n + n2 + n2 = 10
2n2 4n 6 = 0
n2 2n 3 = 0
(n + 1)(n 3) = 0
n = 1 or n = 3

m = 2 (1)

= 3
m = 2 3
= 1
m = 3, n = 1; m = 1, n = 3
11

12

13

p+8
= 4
2
p + 8 = 8
p = 0
p = 0, q = 1
5+q
= 3
2
5 + q = 6
q = 1
and

(a) Midpoint of AC
6 + (4) 4 + 6

=
,
2
2

= (1, 5)
(b) Midpoint of AC = midpoint of BD

Let D be (x, y),
x+8 y+7

= (1, 5)
,
2
2
x+8
y+7

= 1 and
= 5
2
2

x + 8 = 2
y + 7 = 10

x = 6
y = 3

D(6, 3)
Midpoint of AC
1+ 2 4 + 5
=
,
2
2
1 9
=
,
2 2
Midpoint of BD
4+ 5 6 + 3
=
,
2
2
1 9
=
,
2 2
1 9
The same point ,
is the
2 2
midpoint of AC and BD, so the lines
AC and BD must bisect one another.

(
( )
(
( )
( )
BD = AC
4 + (2) 4 + 4
p + (7) 6 + q
=
,
,
2
2
2
2
p 7
6 +q
= 1
and
= 0
2
2
p 7 = 2

q = 6
p = 9
p = 9, q = 6
)(
14 y = 1 2x 1

y2 + (2x + 3)2 = 10 2


(1 2x)2 + (2x + 3)2 = 10

1 4x + 4x2 + 4x2 + 12x + 9 = 10

8x2 + 8x + 10 = 10

x2 + x = 0

x(x + 1) = 0

x = 0 or x = 1

When x = 0, y = 1 2(0)

= 1

When x = 1, y = 1 2(1)

= 3

A(0, 1); B(1, 3)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
20
(a)
y = 3
B(4, 3)
Midpoint of AB
0 + (1) 1 + 3
=
,
2
2
1
= , 2
2
2 + 4 7 + 9
(a) A =
,
2
2

= (1, 8)
6+4 1+9

B =
,
2
2

= (5, 5)
(b) AB = (5 8) + (5 1)
PQ = (1 7)2 + [6 (2)]2
3m + 8n
= 5
m+n

3m + 8n = 5m + 5n

3n = 2m
3
m

=
2
n

m:n=3:2
3(4) + 2(1)

(b) k =
3+2
10

=
5

=2
1 5 1 6 5
22 (a) Area =
2 2 6 7 2
1

= (30 7 12 2 +
2

36 + 35)

= 40 unit2
1 0 4 6 5 0

(b) Area =
2 0 1 5 3 0
1

= (20 + 18 6 + 25)
2

= 28.5 unit2

15

(
(
)
(
(
= 25
= 5 units
= 100
= 10 units
1

AB = PQ
2
2(3) + 3(2) 2(3) + 3(2)
(a) P =
,
2+3
2+3

= (0, 0)
2(4) + 3(1) 2(2) + 3(3)
(b) P =
,
2+3
2+3

= (1, 1)
17
(a) M =

16

18
(a) P =

19

2 + 0 , 3 + 1
2
2

= (1, 1)
3+x, 0+4
(b) (1, 1) =
2
2
3+x
0+y

= 1
= 1
2
2

x = 1
y = 2
S(1, 2)
21
= 1
= m + n
= 4n
4

=
6
2

=
3

m:n=2:3
2(3) + 3(2)
(b) k =
2+3
66

=

5

= 0
(a)
3(4) + 1(4) 3(3) + 1(1)

,
3+1
3+1

= (2, 2)
1(1) + 2(2) 1(2) + 2(4)
(b) P =
,
1+2
1+2

= (1, 2)
7m + (3n)

m+n
7m 3n
6m
m

n
2x + 1(2)
(a)
= 0
3

2x + 2 = 0

2x = 2

x = 1

and
2y + 1(4)

= 2
3

2y + 4 = 6

2y = 10

y = 5

B(1, 5)
2x + 5(3)
(b)
= 1
7

2x + 15 = 7

2x = 8

x = 4

and
2y + 5(4)

= 2
7

2y 20 = 14

2y = 6
23

24

1 t 2t 2 t
2 3 3 1 3
1

=
(3t 2t + 6 + 6t + 6 + t)
2
1

=
(8t + 12)
2

= 4t + 6
(b) 4t + 6 = 14

4t = 8

t = 2
(a) A =
1 5 2 8 5
= 24
2 10 1 r 10
1
(5 + 2r + 80 20 8 5r) = 24
2
1
(57 3r) = 24
2
1
(57 3r) = 24
2
57 3r = 48
3r = 9
r = 3
or
1
(57 3r) = 24
2
57 3r = 48
3r = 105
r = 35
r = 3 or r = 35
1 1 m 4 1
= 6
2 2 3 5 2
25

26

27

28

29

1
(3 + 5m + 8 2m 12 5) = 6
2
1
(3m 6) = 6
2
1
(3m 6) = 6
2
3m 6 = 12
3m = 18
m = 6
or
1
(3m 6) = 6
2
3m 6 = 12
3m = 6
m = 2
m = 6 or m = 2
(a) Area of ABC

1 4 3 4 4

=
2 1 5 3 1
1

= (20 + 9 4 3 + 20 12)
2
1

= (30)
2

= 15 unit2

Area of ACD
1 4 4 2 4

=
2 1 3 3 1
1

= (12 + 12 2 + 4 + 6 + 12)
2
1

= (44)
2

= 22 unit2
(b) Area of ABCD

= Area of ABC + Area of

ACD

= 15 + 22

= 37 unit2
1 1 0 2 1

2 5 2 k 5
2 10 + 4 + k
k 4
k
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 4
3 + 11 1 + (3)
,
2
2

= (4, 1)

Let S be (x, y),
x+4
y+9

= 4 and
= 1
2
2

x + 4 = 8
y + 9 = 2

x = 4
x = 11

S(4, 11)
(b) Area of PQRS
1 3 4 11 4 3

=
2 1 11 3 9 1
1

= (33 12 + 99 + 4 4 + 121
2

+ 12 + 27)
1

= (280)
2

= 140 unit2
(a) M =
m2 + 4 2m
= 1
6m
m2 2m + 4 = 6 m
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

30

31

32

33

34

m2 m 2 = 0
(m + 1)(m 2) = 0
m = 1 or m = 2
6 (k)
= 3
k2
6 + k = 3k + 6
4k = 12
k = 3
2 (1)
h2
=
21
42
h2
= 3
2
h 2 = 6
h = 8
(a) y (3) = 3(x 2)

y + 3 = 3x 6

y = 3x 9
(b) y 4 = 2[x (1)]

y 4 = 2(x + 1)

y 4 = 2x 2

y + 2x = 2
1
(c)
y 6 = (x 5)
3

3y 18 = x 5

3y x = 13
2
(d) y 7 = [x (5)]
5
2

y 7 = x 2
5
2

y = x + 5
5
k2
= 4
3 2
k 2 = 20
k = 22
3 15
(a) m =
1 5

= 2

y 15 = 2(x 5)

y 15 = 2x 10

y = 2x + 5
(b) At x-axis, y = 0

2x = 5
5

x =
2
5

A ,0
2

At y-axis, x = 0

y = 5

B(0, 5)
52

AB = 52 +
2
( )
()
125
4

= 5.59 units
52
35 m =
63

= 1

y 2 = 1(x 3)

y 2 = x 3

x y = 1 1

x + 2y = 5 2
1 2 : 3y = 6

y = 2

x (2) = 1
x = 1
The point of intersection is (1, 2).
36

2x + y = 2 1
3x + 6y = 3 2
1 6: 12x + 6y = 12 3
3 2 :
9x = 9

x = 1
2(1) + y = 2
y = 0
x + 2y + h = 0
At (1, 0), 1 + 2(0) + h = 0

h = 1
37

x + y = 4 1
3x + y = 2 2
2 1 : 2x = 2

x = 1
1 + y = 4
y = 5
Two points are (0, 0) and (1, 5).
The equation is :
5 0
y
=
10
x
y = 5x
38

3x y = 1 1
2x + 3y = 8 2
1 3: 9x 3y = 3 3
2 + 3 :
11x = 11

x = 1
3 y = 1
y = 2
The equation is:
y (2) = 2[x (1)]
y + 2 = 2(x + 1)
y + 2 = 2x 2
y + 2x = 4
39

(a) A(1, 1) and C(4, 3)

The equation is:
3 (1)
y (1)

=
4 (1)
x (1)
4
y+1

=
5
x+1
5y + 5 = 4x + 4
5y 4x = 1

B(3, 2) and D(0, 2)

The equation is:
2 (2)
y (2)
=
03
x3
4
y+2
=
3
x3
3y + 6 = 4x + 12
3y + 4x = 6
(b) 5y 4x = 1 1

3y + 4x = 6 2
1 + 2 : 8y = 5

5

y =
8
Substitute y =
()
5
into 1 :
8
5
4x = 1
8
25
4x =
+1
8
33
=
8
33
x =
32
The point of intersection is
33 5

, .
32 8
(a) y x = 1 1

3y x = 1 2
2 1 : 2y = 2

y = 1
1 x = 1
x = 2
P(2, 1)
The equation of AB is:
y + 1 = 2(x + 2)
y + 1 = 2x + 4
y = 2x + 3
3

A(0, 3) and B , 0
2
3
2m + n(0)

(b)
=
2
m+n

4m = 3m 3n

m = 3n
m

= 3
n

m:n=3:1
AB 3

=
BP 1
2(6) + 1(3) 2(6) + 1(0)
41 (a) C =
,
2+1
2+1

= (3, 4)
60
y

(b)
=
6 (3)
x+3

9y = 6x + 18

9y 6x = 18

3y 2x = 6

(c) Q(0, 6) and C(3, 4)

The equation is:
46
y6

=
3
x

3y 18 = 2x

3y + 2x = 18
40

( )
3 2
4 (1)
5
5
5x 5
5
1
42
(a)
y2

x (1)
y2

x+1
5y 10
5y + 5x
y + x
(b)

y+x=1 1
y 2x = 5 2
1 2 : 3x = 6

x = 2
y + 2 = 1
y = 1
P(2, 1)
=
=
=
=
=
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(c)
4m + n(1)
= 2
m+n
4m n = 2m + 2n
2m = 3n
3
m
=
2
n
AP : PB = 3 : 2
43

(a) 2x = y + 6

y = 2x 6

m1 = 2

y = 2x + 4

m2 = 2

Parallel
(b) x + y = 3

y = x + 3

m1 = 1

44

45

2x + 2y = 5
2y = 2x + 5
5

y = x +
2

m2 = 1

Parallel
x y
(c)
+ = 1
2 3

3x + 2y = 6

2y = 3x + 6
3

y = x + 3
2
3

m1 =
2

2y + 3x = 8

2y = 3x + 8
3

y = x + 4
2
3

m2 =
2

Parallel
(d) 2x 5y + 4 = 0

5y = 2x + 4
2
4

y = x +
5
5
2

m1 =
5

2y = 5x + 6
5

y = x + 3
2
5

m2 =
2

Not parallel
(a) m = 4, (1, 2)

y 2 = 4(x + 1)

y 2 = 4x + 4

y = 4x + 6
2
(b) m = , (1, 1)
3
2

y + 1 = (x + 1)
3

3y + 3 = 2x 2

3y + 2x = 5
1
(a) m = , (2, 3)
2
1

y 3 = (x 2)
2

2y 6 = x + 2

2y + x = 8
(b) m =
(c)
(d)
46
(a)
(b)
1
, (6, 1)
2
1
y 1 = (x + 6)
2
1
y 1 = x + 3
2
1
y = x + 4
2
4
m = , (4, 1)
3
4
y + 1 = (x 4)
3
3y + 3 = 4x + 16
3y + 4x = 13
2
m = , (3, 5)
3
2
y + 5 = (x + 3)
3
2
y + 5 = x 2
3
2
y = x 7
3
5 (3)
2
=
p+8
3
24 = 2p + 16
2p = 8
p = 4
2
m = , (4, 5)
3
2
y 5 = (x 4)
3
3y 15 = 2x 8
3y 2x = 7
47

(a)

(b)

y x = 2 1
y + 2x = 1 2
2 1 : 3x = 3

x = 1
y 1 = 2
y = 1
A(1, 1)
m = 3, A(1, 1)
The equation is:
y + 1 = 3(x 1)
y + 1 = 3x 3
y = 3x 4
48

(a) x + y = 5
x y = 3

y = x + 5
y = x 3

m1 = 1
m2 = 1

Perpendicular
(b) 2x + y = 1

y = 2x + 1

m1 = 2
x + 2y = 4
2y = x + 4
1

y = x + 2
2
1

m2 =
2

Not perpendicular
(c) y = 3x + 6
x = 3y + 7

m1 = 3
3y = x 7
7
1

y = x
3
3
1

m2 =
3
Not perpendicular
x y
(d)
= 1
3 5

5x 3y = 15

3y = 5x 15
5

y = x 5
3
5

m1 =
3

5y + 3x = 10

5y = 3x + 10
3

y = x + 2
5
3

m2 =
5

Perpendicular
49

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
50
(a)
(b)
51
(a)
(b)
m = 1, (0, 0)
The equation is:
y = x
m = 2, (3, 2)
The equation is:
y + 2 = 2(x 3)
y + 2 = 2x 6
y = 2x 8
m = 2, (4, 5)
The equation is:
y + 5 = 2(x + 4)
y + 5 = 2x 8
y + 2x + 13 = 0
1
m = , (5, 6)
2
The equation is:
1
y 6 = (x 5)
2
2y 12 = x + 5
2y + x = 17
1
m=
2
1
y= x+n
2
1
At (4, 5), 5 = (4) + n
2

n = 5 + 2

= 3
1
m = , n = 3
2
2
k
=
3
3
k = 2
35
m1 =
2 4
1
=
3
m2 = 3
4 + (2) 5 + 3
Midpoint =
,
2
2

= (1, 4)
The equation of perpendicular
bisector is:
y 4 = 3(x 1)
y 4 = 3x + 3
y + 3x = 7
4 (8)
m1 =
2 3
12
=
5
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(c)
(d)
52
(a)

(b)

(c)
m2 =
5
12
(
( )
3 + (2) 8 + 4
,
2
2
1

=
, 2
2
bisector is:
5
1
y + 2 =
x
12
2
5
12y + 24 = 5x
2
24y + 48 = 10x 5
24y 10x + 53 = 0
87
m1 =
43
= 1
m2 = 1
3+4 7+8
Midpoint =
,
2
2
7 15

= ,
2 2
bisector is:
15
7
y = 1 x
2
2
15
7
y = x +
2
2
2y 15 = 2x + 7
2y + 2x = 22
y + x = 11
63
m1 =

1 2
= 1
m2 = 1
2 + (1) 3 + 6
Midpoint =
,
2
2
1 9

=
,
2 2
bisector is:
9
1
y = 1 x
2
2
2y 9 = 2x 1
2y 2x = 8
y x = 4
42
mAB =
13

= 1
mCD = 1
Midpoint of AB
1+3 4+2
=
,
2
2
= (2, 3)
The equation is:
y 3 = 1(x 2)
y = x + 1
At (4, t),
t = 4 + 1
= 5
Let D be (0, y),
0+4 y+5
= (2, 3)
,
2
2
y+5
= 3
2
Midpoint =
55

(a)
(x + 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 3

x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 9

x2 + y2 + 2x + 6y + 1 = 0
x2 + y2 = 3
(b)

x2 + y2 = 9
2

x + y2 9 = 0
(x 2)2 + (y 5)2 = 3
(c)

x2 4x + 4 + y2 10y + 25 = 9

x2 + y2 4x 10y + 20 = 0
(x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 3
(d)
2

x 2x + 1 + y2 + 4y + 4 = 9

x2 + y2 2x + 4y 4 = 0
56

(a)
(x + 1)2 + y2 = (x 1)2 + y2
2

x + 2x + 1 + y2 = x2 2x + 1 + y2

2x + 1 = 2x + 1

4x = 0

x = 0
( )
y + 5 = 6
y = 1
D(0, 1)
1
(a) m = , A(2, 3)
3

The equation is:
1

y + 3 = (x 2)
3

3y + 9 = x + 2

3y + x = 7
(b) 3y + x = 7 1

y 3x = 1 2
1 3 : 9y + 3x = 21 3

2 + 3 :

10y = 20

y = 2


6 + x = 7

x = 1

P(1, 2)
24
2 (1)
2

=
3

The equation is:
2

y 9 = (x + 2)
3

3y 27 = 2x 4

3y + 2x = 23
3
(b) m = , A(1, 4)
2

The equation is:
3

y 4 = (x + 1)
2

2y 8 = 3x + 3

2y 3x = 11
(c)
3y + 2x = 23

2y 3x = 11
1 3: 9y + 6x = 69

2 2: 4y 6x = 22

3 + 4 :

13y = 91

y = 7


3(7) + 2x = 23

21 + 2x = 23

2x = 2

x = 1

D(1, 7)
54
( )
(
( )
53

( )
(
(
(b)
(c) (x 2)2 + (y 4)2
x2 + (y 2)2 = (x 2)2 + y2
(d)

x2 + y2 4y + 4 = x2 4x + 4 + y2

4 4y = 4 4x

4x 4y = 0

x y = 0
(a) m =
(x + 1)2 + (y 1)2
2
2
= (x 1) + (y + 1)
2
2
x + 2x + 1 + y 2y + 1
= x2 2x + 1 + y2 + 2y + 1
2x 2y + 2 = 2x + 2y + 2
4x 4y = 0
x y = 0
= (x 8)2 + (y 6)2
x2 4x + 4 + y2 8y + 16
= x2 16x + 64 + y2 12y + 36
20 4x 8y = 100 16x 12y
12x + 4y 80 = 0
3x + y 20 = 0
57 (a)
2PA = PB

2 (x + 4)2 + y2 = (x 4)2 + y2

4(x2 + 8x + 16 + y2) = x2 8x + 16 + y2
4x2 + 4y2 + 32x + 64 = x2 + y2 8x + 16
3x2 + 3y2 + 40x + 48 = 0

(b)
3PA = 2PB

3 (x + 4)2 + y2 = 2 (x 4)2 + y2
9(x2 + 8x + 16 + y2) = 2(x2 8x + 16 + y2)
9x2 + 9y2 + 72x + 144 = 2x2 + 2y2 16x + 32
7x2 + 7y2 + 88x + 112 = 0

1
2
3
4
(c)
PA2 + PB2 = 10
( (x + 4) + y ) + ( (x 4) + y ) = 10
2
x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 + x2 8x + 16 + y2 = 10

2x2 + 2y2 + 22 = 0

x2 + y2 + 11 = 0

(d)
3PA = PB

3 (x + 4)2 + y2 = (x 4)2 + y2
9(x2 + 8x + 16 + y2) = x2 8x + 16 + y2
9x2 + 72x + 144 + 9y2 = x2 8x + 16 + y2
8x2 + 8y2 + 80x + 128 = 0

x2 + y2 + 10x + 16 = 0
58

59
PA =
(x 3)2 + (y 2)2 =
x2 6x + 9 + y2 4y + 4 =
y2 6x 4y + 13 =
x
x
x2
0
PA = 3PB

(x 2)2 + y2 = 3 (x + 4)2 + y2

x2 4x + 4 + y2 = 9(x2 + 8x + 16 + y2)

x2 4x + 4 + y2 = 9x2 + 72x + 144 + 9y2
2
8x + 8y2 + 76x + 140 = 0
2x2 + 2y2 + 19x + 35 = 0
60

PA = x + 3
(x 3)2 + y2 = x + 3
x2 6x + 9 + y2 = (x + 3)2
x2 6x + 9 + y2 = x2 + 6x + 9
y2 = 12x
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
61
3OP = 2PA

3 x2 + y2 = 2 (x 2)2 + y2

9(x2 + y2) = 4(x2 4x + 4 + y2)

9x2 + 9y2 = 4x2 16x + 16 + 4y2
2
2
5x + 5y + 16x 16 = 0
62
(x 4)2 + y2 = x

x2 8x + 16 + y2 = x2

y2 8x + 16 = 0
1

2

3
h2 + k2
= 5
2
2
2
h + k = 10 1
h+k
= 1
2
h + k = 2
h = 2 k 2
(2 k)2 + k2 = 10
4 4k + k2 + k2 = 10
2k2 4k 6 = 0
k2 2k 3 = 0
(k + 1)(k 3) = 0
k = 1 or k = 3
Substitute k = 1 into 2 :
h = 2 (1)
= 3
Substitute k = 3 into 2 :
h = 2 3
= 1
h = 3, k = 1; h = 1, k = 3
p + (7) 6 + q
,
2
2
4 + (2) 4 + 4
=
,
2
2
p 7
= 1
and
2
p 7 = 2
p = 9
p = 9, q = 6
6+q
= 0
2
q = 6
Area = 6 unit2
1 2 5 1 2
2 3 r 4 3 = 6
1
(2r + 20 3 15 + r 8) = 6
2
1
(3r 6) = 6
2
3r 6 = 12
or
3r 6 = 12
3r = 18

3r = 6
r = 6

r = 2
y = 5 2x 1
x2 + y2 = 10 2
x2 + (5 2x)2 = 10
x2 + 25 20x + 4x2 = 10
5x2 20x + 15 = 0
x2 4x + 3 = 0
(x 1)(x 3) = 0
x = 1 or x = 3
y = 5 2(1)
= 3
y = 5 2(3)
= 1
P(1, 3) and Q(3, 1)
Midpoint of PQ
1 + 3 3 + (1)
=
,
2
2
= (2, 1)
1 0 2 4m 0
2 0 3m 6 0 = 0
10

12 12m2 =
12m2 =
m2 =
m =
1
mBC =
2
B(0, 3)
30
1
=
0
2
= 6
(a)
(b)
x = y + 6 1
y2 = 8x 2
y2 = 8(y + 6)
y2 8y 48 = 0
(y + 4)(y 12) = 0
y = 4 or y = 12
x = 4 + 6
= 2
x = 12 + 6
= 18
A(2, 4) and B(18, 12)
AB = [12 (4)]2 + (18 2)2
Midpoint =
0
12
1
1

11
3t (t + 2)
t3
=
t2 t
2t
2t(2t 2) = (t 3)(t2 t)
4t2 4t = t3 t2 3t2 + 3t
t3 8t2 + 7t = 0
t2 8t + 7 = 0
(t 1)(t 7) = 0
t = 1 or t = 7
( )(
3t
t2
)
( )( )
t 3 (t + 2)
= 1
2t t
3 5
= 1
t t
2
t = 15
t = 15
(a) Midpoint of AB
6 + (2) 1 + 7

=
,
2
2

= (4, 4)
71

mAB =
2 (6)
3

=
2
2

mPQ =
3

The equation of the line PQ is:
2

y 4 = (x + 4)
3

3y 12 = 2x 8

3y + 2x = 4
(b) 3y + 2x = 4

At y-axis, x = 0

3y + 2(0) = 4

3y = 4
4

y =
3
4

P 0,
3

At x-axis, y = 0

3(0) + 2x = 4

2x = 4

x = 2

Q(2, 0)
( )
12
1 + 7 8 + (2)
,
2
2

= (3, 3)
The equation of the line through (3, 3)
and parallel to the line 2x + 5y = 9:
2
y 3 = (x 3)
5
5y 15 = 2x + 6
5y + 2x = 21
= 512
= 22.627 units
x 2y = 1 1
x + 3y = 6 2
2 1 : 5y = 5

y = 1
x 2(1) = 1
x = 3
3x + 4y = 8
4y = 3x + 8
3
y = x + 2
4
3
m=
4
The required equation is:
3
y 1 = (x 3)
4
4y 4 = 3x + 9
4y + 3x = 13
)
( )( )
3 3
2k
)(
3 1

2 10
6
1

2k 2
3
3
k
= 1
= 1
= 1(2 k)
= k 2
= 1
)( )
5 (3) 5 2
3 (1) 3 9
1

= 2
2

= 1
Since mAB mAC = 1, the angle
BAC is the right angle and
hence ABC is a right-angled
triangle.
13
(a) mAB mAC =
( )
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

14

15

16

(b) Area of ABC

1 3 1 9 3

= 2 5 3 2 5
1

= (9 2 + 45 + 5 + 27 6)
2
1

= (60)
2

= 30 unit2
4 + 8 6 + (2)
Midpoint =
,
2
2

= (2, 2)
2 6
Gradient =
8 (4)
2

=
3
So gradient of the perpendicular
3
bisector = .
2
Equation of the perpendicular
bisector is:
3
y 2 = (x 2)
2
2y 4 = 3x 6
2y 3x = 2
(a)
2x + 3y = 7 1

3x 4y = 2 2
1 4:
8x + 12y = 28 3
2 3:
9x 12y = 6 4
3 + 4 :
17x = 34

x = 2


2(2) + 3y = 7

3y = 3

y = 1

A(2, 1)

Hence, the equation of the line
through A(2, 1) and passes
through B(5, 7) is
71
y1

=
52
x2

y 1 = 2(x 2)

y 1 = 2x 4

y = 2x 3
71
(b) Gradient of AB =
52

= 2

So the gradient of the
1

perpendicular line = .
2

The equation of the
perpendicular line through
A(2, 1) is:
1

y 1 = (x 2)
2

2y 2 = x + 2

2y + x = 4
(a) Area of ABC

1 1 7 1 1

= 2 2 6 2 2
1

= (6 + 14 2 + 14 6 2)
2
1

= (24)
2

= 12 unit2
(b) The equation of the line AC:

6 (2)
y+2

=
71
x1

3y + 6 = 4x 4

3y 4x = 10 1
3

mBD = and B(1, 2)
4

The equation of the line BD:
3

y 2 = (x 1)
4

4y 8 = 3x + 3

4y + 3x = 11 2
1 3 : 9y 12x = 30 3
2 4 : 16y + 12x = 44 4
3 + 4 :
25y = 14
14

y =
25
14

Substitute y =
into 1 :
25
14

3
4x = 10
25
42

4x =
+ 10
25
292

=
25
73

=
25
73 14

D
,
25 25
( )
(
3+9 5+1
17 C =
,
2
2

= (6, 3)
51
3

mAB =

so mCD =
39
2
2

=
3

The equation of the perpendicular
bisector of AB is:
3

y 3 = (x 6)
2

2y 6 = 3x 18

2y 3x = 12 1

The equation of the line OD is:
2

y 0 = (x 0)
3

3y = 2x

3y + 2x = 0 2
1 2: 4y 6x = 24 3

2 3: 9y + 6x = 0 4

3 + 4 :

13y = 24
24

y =
13
24

Substitute y =
into 1 :
13
24
3x = 12

2
13
108

3x =
13
36

x =
13
36 24

D
,
13 13
( )
(
18

(2k)2 + k2 = (2k + 1)2 + (k 3)2

4k2 + k2 = 4k2 + 4k + 1 + k2 6k + 9
2k + 10 = 0
2k = 10
k = 5
19

x
y
+
=1
2a 3a
14
9
(b)
= 1
+
2a
3a
(a)
( )
7 3
= 1
a a
4
= 1
a
a = 4
20
Midpoint of AB =

21

0+8 5+7
,
2
2
= (4, 6)
75
80
1

=
4
So gradient of the bisector = 4
Equation of the bisector of AB is:
y 6 = 4(x 4)
y 6 = 4x + 16
y + 4x = 22 1
Midpoint of BC = (6, 4)
71
mBC =
84
3

=
2
2
So gradient of the bisector =
3
Equation of the bisector BC is:
2
y 4 = (x 6)
3
3y 12 = 2x + 12
3y + 2x = 24 2
2 2: 6y + 4x = 48 3
3 1 :
5y = 26
26

y =
5
26
Substitute y =
into 1 :
5
26
+ 4x = 22
5
84
4x =
5
21
x =
5
21 2 6
The point of intersection is
.
,
5 5
Let R be (x, y),
PR = QR
mAB =
(x + 3)2 + (y 1)2
= (x + 1)2 + (y 7)2
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 2y + 1
= x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 14y + 49
6x 2y + 10 = 2x 14y + 50
4x + 12y = 40
x + 3y = 10 1
y 2x = 6 2
1 2: 6y + 2x = 20 3
2 + 3 :
7y = 14

y = 2
x + 3(2) = 10
x + 6 = 10
x = 4
R(4, 2)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
22

mPQ = 1
10
= 1
3
10 = 3 +
+ = 13 1
+ 3 + 10
,
Midpoint of PQ =
2
2
+ 10
+3
+5
=
2
2
+7
= 5
2
+ 7 = 10
= 3 2
1 + 2 : 2 = 16

= 8
+ 8 = 13
= 5
= 5, = 8
23

(x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = (x 1)2 + y2

x2 4x + 4 + y2 6y + 9
= x2 2x + 1 + y2
13 4x 6y = 1 2x
2x + 6y 12 = 0
x + 3y 6 = 0
24

(a)

(b)

(c)
25

(a) Let C be (0, y),

mBC = 5
mPQ = 3 and R(2, 3)

The equation of the line PQ:
y 3 = 3(x + 2)
y 3 = 3x + 6
y = 3x + 9
y = 3x + 9
At x-axis, y = 0

0 = 3x + 9

3x = 9

x = 3
P(3, 0)
At y-axis, x = 0

y = 3(0) + 9

= 9
Q(0, 9)
m(0) + n(3)
= 2
m+n
3n = 2m 2n
2m = n
1
m
=
2
n
PR : RQ = 1 : 2
y1

= 5
01

y 1 = 5

y = 6

C(0, 6)
71
(b) mBD =
8 1
6

=
9
2

=
3
3

mAC =
2
The equation of AC:

3
y 6 = (x 0)
2
2y 12 = 3x
2y 3x = 12
(c) 2y 3x = 12

At x-axis, y = 0

2(0) 3x = 12

x = 4

A(4, 0)
4 + 0 0 + 6

M =
,
2
2

= (2, 3)
1 4 1 0 8 4
2 0 1 6 7 0
1

= (4 + 6 + 48 + 28)
2

= 39 unit2
4 (4)
26 (a) mAB =

2 (6)
8

=
4

= 2
1

mBC =
2

The equation of the line BC:
1

y 4 = (x + 2)
2

2y 8 = x 2

2y + x = 6

(b) 2y + x = 6

At y-axis, x = 0

2y = 6

y = 3

D(0, 3)

The equation of the line AB:

y + 4 = 2(x + 6)

y + 4 = 2x + 12

y = 2x + 8

At x-axis, y = 0

0 = 2x + 8

2x = 8

x = 4

E(4, 0)
03

mAC = mED =
4 0
3

=
4

The equation of AC:
3

y + 4 = (x + 6)
4

4y + 16 = 3x + 18

4y 3x = 2

2y + x = 6 1

4y 3x = 2 2
1 3: 6y + 3x = 18 3

2 + 3 :
10y = 20

y = 2


2(2) + x = 6

x = 2

C(2, 2)

(d) Area =
(c) Area =

28
(a) M =
1
and A(3, 1)
2

The equation of AB:
1

y + 1 = (x + 3)
2

2y + 2 = x + 3

2y x = 1

mAD = 2 and A(3, 1)

The equation of AD:

y + 1 = 2(x + 3)

y + 1 = 2x 6

y + 2x = 7
(b)
2y x = 6 1

y + 2x = 7 2
1 2: 4y 2x = 12 3

2 + 3 :

5y = 5

y = 1


2(1) x = 6

x = 4

D(4, 1)

Area of ACD = 7.5
1 3 x 4 3

= 7.5
2 1 y 1 1
1

(3y + x + 4 + x + 4y + 3) = 7.5
2

2x + y + 7 = 15

2x + y = 8 1

2y x = 6 2
2 2: 2x + 4y = 12 3

1 + 3 :

5y = 20

y = 4

2x + 4 = 8
2x = 4
x = 2
C(2, 4)
Let B be (x, y),
3 + 2 1 + 4
4 + x 1 + y
=
,
,
2
2
2
2
1
3
4 + x
1+y
= and
=
2
2
2
2
4 + x = 1

1 + y = 3
x = 3

y = 2
B(3, 2)
27
1 6 2 0 4 6
2 4 2 3 0 4
1
= (12 + 6 + 16 + 8 + 12)
2
1
= (30)
2
= 15 unit2
(a) mAB =
) (
3 + 5 3 + (1)
,
2
2
= (1, 2)
1 (3)
mCD =
5 (3)
2

=
8
1

=
4
mAM = 4
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(b)

(c)

(d)
29
(a)

bisector of AM:
y + 2 = 4(x 1)
y + 2 = 4x + 4
y + 4x = 2
At y-axis, x = 0
y + 4(0) = 2
y = 2
A(0, 2)
1
mAB = and A(0, 2)
4
The equation of AB:
1
y 2 = (x 0)
4
4y 8 = x
4y x = 8
mBC = 4 and C(5, 1)
The equation of BC:
y + 1 = 4(x 5)
y + 1 = 4x + 20
y + 4x = 19
4y x = 8 1
y + 4x = 19 2
1 4: 16y 4x = 32 3
2 + 3 :
17y = 51

y = 3
4(3) x = 8
x = 12 8
= 4
B(4, 3)
Area
1 0 3 5 4 0
=
2 2 3 1 3 2
1
= (3 + 15 + 8 + 6 + 15 + 4)
2
1
= 25 unit2
2
53
mAB =
1 (5)
2

=
4
1

=
2
mDE = 2
Midpoint of AB,
5 + (1) 3 + 5
D =
,
2
2
= (3, 4)
The equation of DE:
y 4 = 2(x + 3)
y 4 = 2x 6
y + 2x = 2
3 3
mAC =
3 (5)
6

=
8
3

=
4
4
mBF =
3
The equation of BF:
4
y 5 = (x + 1)
3
3y 15 = 4x + 4
3y 4x = 19
(b)
y + 2x = 2 1

3y 4x = 19 2
1 2: 2y + 4x = 4 3

2 + 3 :

5y = 15

y = 3


3 + 2x = 2

2x = 5
5

x =
2
5

G ,3
2
30 (a)
mAB = 3m
41

= 3m
1 1
3

= 3m
2
1

m =
2

(b) mAC = 3m
1

= 3
2
3

=
2

The equation of AC:
3

y 1 = (x 1)
2

2y 2 = 3x 3

2y 3x = 1 1

mBC = m
1

=
2

The equation of BC:
1

y 4 = (x + 1)
2

2y 8 = x + 1

2y x = 9 2
2 1 : 2x = 10

x = 5


2y 3(5) = 1

2y 15 = 1

2y = 14

y = 7

C(5, 7)

( )
()
32

y x = 2 1
y + 3x = 10 2
2 1 : 4x = 8

x = 2
y 2 = 2
y = 4
A(2, 4)
Let C be (x, y),
1 1
2+x 4+y

= 3 ,7
,
2 2
2
2
7
15
2+x
4+y

= and
=
2
2
2
2

x = 5
y = 11

C(5, 11)
(b) mBC = 1 and C(5, 11)

The equation of BC:

y 11 = x 5

y x = 6

33
AC = (5 1)2 + (7 1)2
= 52
= 4 13

= 2 13
AC = 2AB
31
(a) mPQ =
) (
(c) AB = (4 1)2 + (1 1)2
73
46
4

=
2

= 2
(b) mAB = 2 and R(3, 1)

The equation of AB:

y 1 = 2(x 3)

y 1 = 2x + 6

y + 2x = 7
(c) mAC = mRP
(a)

(a) Let D be (x, y),

x+9
y + 11

= 1 and
= 7
2
2

x + 9 = 2
y + 11 = 14

x = 11
y = 3

D(11, 3)
12 7
(b) mAC =
3 (1)
5

=
2

The equation of AC:
5

y 7 = (x + 1)
2

2y 14 = 5x 5

2y + 5x = 9
(c) Let C be (x, y),
3 + x

= 1
2

3 + x = 2

x = 1

and
12 + y
= 7

2

12 + y = 14

y = 2

C(1, 2)
= 13
31
63
2

=
3
The gradient of the
3
perpendicular bisector is .
2
The equation of the
perpendicular bisector of AC:
3
y 7 = (x 4)
2
2y 14 = 3x + 12
2y + 3x = 26
AC = (1 + 3)2 + (2 12)2
= 116
= 10.77 units
1 3 11 1 9 3
(d) Area =
2 12 3 2 11 12

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1
(9 22 + 11 + 108
2
+ 132 3 18 + 33)
1
= (232)
2
= 116 unit2
34
(a) mAB =
82
24
6

=
2

= 3
1

mBC = and B(2, 8)
3

The equation of BC:
1

y 8 = (x 2)
3

3y 24 = x 2

3y x = 22
(b) 3y x = 22 1

y x = 2 2
1 2 : 2y = 24

y = 12


3(12) x = 22

36 x = 22

x = 14

C(14, 12)

Midpoint of AC
4 + 14 2 + 12

=
,
2
2

= (9, 7)

Let D be (x, y),
2+x
8+y

= 9 and
= 7
2
2

2 + x = 18
8 + y = 14

x = 16
y = 6

D(16, 6)
(c) The area of ABCD
1 4 16 14 2 4

=
2 2 6 12 8 2
1

= (24 + 192 + 112 + 4 32
2

84 24 32)
1

= (160)
2

= 80 unit2
35

(a)

3y 5x = 34 1
4y x = 0 2
2 5: 20y 5x = 0 3
3 1 :
17y = 34

y = 2
3(2) 5x = 34
6 5x = 34
5x = 40
x = 8
C(8, 2)
Let B be the point (x, y),
3+8 5+2
x y
=
,
,
2
2
2 2
7
11
y
x

and
=
=
2
2
2
2
x = 11

y = 7
B(11, 7)
mAD = 4 and A(3, 5)
( ) (

(b)
36
(a) Let A be (x, y),
x2 + y2 = 20
x2 + y2 = 20 1
y = 2x 2
x2 + 4x2 = 20
5x2 = 20
x2 = 4
x = 2
y = 2(2)
= 4
A(2, 4)
1

mAB = and A(2, 4)
2

The equation of AB:
1

y 4 = (x 2)
2

2y 8 = x + 2

2y + x = 10

At y-axis, x = 0

2y = 10

y = 5

B(0, 5)

mBC = 2 and B(0, 5)

The equation of BC:

y 5 = 2(x 0)

y 2x = 5 1

y + 3x = 0 2
2 1 : 5x = 5

x = 1


y 2(1) = 5

y + 2 = 5

y = 3

C(1, 3)
1 0 2 0 1 0
(b) Area =
2 0 4 5 3 0
1

= (10 + 5)
2

= 7.5 unit2
37
(a) AB = (6 2)2 + (6 3)2
The equation of AD:

y 5 = 4(x 3)
y 5 = 4x + 12

y + 4x = 17 1

4y x = 0 2
2 4: 16y 4x = 0 3
1 + 3 :
17y = 17

y = 1
1 + 4x = 17
4x = 16
x = 4
D(4, 1)
The area of OABC
1 0 8 11 3 0
=
2 0 2 7 5 0
1
= (56 + 55 22 21)
2
1
= (68)
2
= 34 unit2
BC = (6 6)2 + (6 1)2

= 25

= 5 units
Since AB = BC, ABC is an
isosceles triangle.
2+6 3+1
(b) m =
,
2
2

= (4, 2)
63

mCD = mBA =
62
3

=
4

The equation of CD:
3

y 1 = (x 6)
4

4y 4 = 3x 18

4y 3x = 14 1
13

mAC =
62
1

=
2

So mBD = 2

The equation of BD:

y 6 = 2(x 6)

y 6 = 2x 12

y 2x = 6 2
2 4: 4y 8x = 24 3

1 3 :

5x = 10

x = 2


4y 3(2) = 14

4y = 8

y = 2

D(2, 2)
(c)
DP = 2MP
= 5 units
(x2 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 2 (x 4)2 + (y 2)2

x2 4x + 4 + y2 + 4y + 4 = 4(x2 8x + 16 +

y2 4y + 4)
3x2 + 3y2 28x 20y + 72 = 0
38

3x y = 9 1
2x + y = 1 2
1 + 2 : 5x = 10

x = 2
3(2) y = 9
6 y = 9
y = 3
P(2, 3)
3

mPO = and O(0, 0)
2

The equation of PO:
3

y= x
2
1
(b) mPC = and P(2, 3)
3

The equation of PC:
1

y 3 = (x + 2)
3

3y 9 = x 2

3y + x = 7
(a)

= 25
10
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Statistics
348
1 (a) Mean =
12

= 29

Mode = 25
25 + 31
Median =

2

= 28
42
(b) Mean =

15

= 2.8

Mode = 3

Median = 3
110
(c) Mean =

11

= 10

Mode = 12

Median = 10
141
(d) Mean =

8

= 17.625

Mode = 22
17 + 18
Median =

2

= 17.5
31
2 (a) Mean =
20

= 1.55

Mode = 0
1+2
Median =

2

= 1.5
50
(b) Mean =

25

= 2

Mode = 1

Median = 2
78
(c) Mean =

28

= 2.786

Mode = 1
2+3
Median =

2

= 2.5
x = 8
3 (a)
55 + x
= 8

8

x = 64 55

= 9
x = 6

(b)
36 + y
= 6

7

36 + y = 42

y = 42 36

= 6
x = 6
4
800 + 8x
= 6
140 + x
800 + 8x = 840 + 6x

2x = 40

x = 20
8 (a)
Number of apples
14
12
5 (a) Modal class = 15 19

685
Mean =

40

= 17.125
20 14
5
Median = 14.5 +
12

= 17

(b) Modal class = 161 165
16 024
Mean =

98

= 163.51
49 25
5
Median = 160.5 +
40

= 163.5

(c) Modal class = 50 59
2665
Mean =

50

= 53.3
25 19
10

Median = 49.5 +
16

= 53.25

(d) Modal class = 53 55
1641
Mean =

30

= 54.7
15 9
3
Median = 52.5 +
8

= 54.75
[
[
25 (32 a + 8)
= 0.25
a

a 15 = 0.25a

0.75a = 15

a = 20

b = 32 20
= 12
4
2
0

(b)

54.5 60.5 66.5 72.5

63.8
Mass (g)
Mode = 63.8
Number of people
14
12
10
8
6
7 a + b + 18 = 50

a + b = 32

b = 32 a 1

Median = 58
25 (b + 8)
55.5 +
10 = 58 2
a

x = 68.25
6
1077 + 72x
= 68.25
x + 16
1077 + 72x = 68.25x + 1092

3.75x = 15

x = 4
10
4
2
0

(c)

42.5 48.5 54.5 60.5

50
Age
(years)
Mode = 50
Number of pupils
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
6.5
11.5 16.5 21.5

14.25
Arrival time
(minutes)
Mode = 14.25
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(d)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
38.5

9 (a)
55
10

= 5.5

Mode = 6

Median = 6

(b) (i) New mean = 5.5 + 1

= 6.5

New mode = 6 + 1

= 7

New median = 6 + 1

= 7

(ii) New mean = 5.5 2

= 3.5

New mode = 6 2

= 4

New median = 6 2

= 4
10 (a) Mean =
Number of workers
43.5 48.5
45.75
Amount
spent (RM)
53.5
Mode = 45.75
Cumulative frequency
40
35
30
25
m
20
15
10
5
0

(b)
24.5
29.5
Median = 43.75
34.5
39.5 44.5
43.75
49.5
54.5
59.5
Length (mm)
100
90
80
70
40
30
20
12 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Range = 5 1

= 4
Interquartile range = 4 1

= 3
Range = 6 1

= 5

= 3
Range = 6 0

= 6
Interquartile range = 4.5 2

= 2.5
Range = 8 4

= 4

= 4
13 (a) Range = 28 3

= 25
10 0
5
Q1 = 0.5 +
10

= 5.5
30 24
Q3 = 10.5 +
5
6

= 15.5

Interquartile range = 15.5 5.5

= 10
(b) Range = 75.5 5.5

= 70
40 19
Q1 = 30.5 +
10
68

= 30.5 + 3.088

= 33.588
[
[
10
0
0.5

11 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(iii) New mean = 5.5(3)

= 16.5

New mode = 6(3)

= 18

New median = 6(3)

= 18
1
(iv) New mean = 5.5
2

= 11
1
New mode = 6
2

= 12
1
New median = 6
2

= 12
Range = 32 15

= 17

= 13
Range = 9 2

= 7
Interquartile range = 7 3.5

= 3.5
Range = 16 7

= 9

= 6
Range = 8 2

= 6

= 4
60
50
10.5
Median = 33.5
20.5
30.5 40.5
33.5
50.5
60.5
70.5
Mark
80.5
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
120 87
10
51
= 40.5 + 6.471
= 46.971
Interquartile range
= 46.971 33.588
= 13.383
Range = 70.5 42.5

= 28
25 8
Q1 = 48.5 +
4
17

= 52.5
75 69
Q3 = 60.5 +
4
16

= 62


= 9.5

(d) Range = 65.5 10.5

= 55
14 13
Q1 = 40.5 +
20
15

= 41.83
42 28
Q3 = 50.5 +
10
20

= 57.5

Interquartile range

= 57.5 41.83

= 15.67

(c)

Q3 = 40.5 +
[
[
[
[
]
]
80
14 (a) x =
10

= 8
668
2 =
(8)2
10

= 2.8

= 2.8

= 1.673
25
(b) x =

5

= 5
135
2 =
(5)2
5

= 2

= 2

= 1.414
72
(c) x =

12

= 6
494
2 =
(6)2
12

= 5.167

= 5.167

= 2.273
48
(d) x =

8

= 6
300
2 =
(6)2
8

= 1.5

= 1.5

= 1.225
140
15 (a) x =
20

= 7
1016
(7)2
20
= 1.8
= 1.8
= 1.342
264
(b) x =

40

= 6.6
1814
2 =
(6.6)2
40

= 1.79

= 1.79

= 1.338
240
(c) x =

40

= 6
1512
2 =
(6)2
40

= 1.8

= 1.8

= 1.342
30
(d) x =

15

= 2
80
2 =
(2)2
15

= 1.333

= 1.333

= 1.155

2 =
2740
16 (a) x =
40

= 68.5
188 980
2 =
(68.5)2
40

= 32.25

= 32.25

= 5.679
1560
(b) x =

30

= 52
81 750
2 =
(52)2
30

= 21

= 21

= 4.583
430
(c) x =

20

= 21.5
10 340
2 =
(21.5)2
20

= 54.75

= 54.75

= 7.399
855
(d) x =

50

= 17.1
17 155
2 =
(17.1)2
50

= 50.69

= 50.69

= 7.12
60
17 x =
10
= 6
420
2 =
(6)2
10

= 6

= 6
= 2.449
(a) x = 6 + 2

= 8

2 = 6

= 2.449
(b) x = 6(3)

= 18

2 = 32 6

= 54

= 3 2.449

= 7.347
6
(c) x =

2

= 3
6
2 = 2
2

= 1.5
2.449
=

2

= 1.2245
18 Range = 35 23

= 12


= 5.5
(a) New range = 12

New interquartile range = 5.5
(b) New range = 12

New interquartile range = 5.5
1
(c) New range = 12

2

= 6

New interquartile range
1

=
5.5

2

= 2.75
12
(d) New range =

4

= 3
5.5
New interquartile range =

4

= 1.375
x = 4
19 (a)
x
= 4
5

x = 20
20 + x

= 4

6

20 + x = 24

x = 4
(b)
2 = 2
x2
(4)2 = 2

5

x2 = 90

The new variance,
90 + 42
=
(4)2
6

= 1.667
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
20 (a)
3+4
(b) m =

2

= 3.5
200
160
Q3
120
80
Q1
40
20

(b)
3.5
6.5
9.5
12.5
15.5 18.5
18.2
21.5
24.5
Interquartile range = 24.94 18.2

= 6.74
27.5
24.94
Life span
(weeks)
30.5
100
90
80
Q3
60
50
40
Q1
20
10
0
19.5
24.5
29.5
34.5
31
39.5
Interquartile range = 42.5 31

= 11.5
44.5
42.5
28 + x
= 10
4
28 + x = 40

x = 12
\ The fourth number is 12.
1
2 (a) RM250
49.5
54.5
Age (years)
59.5
= 3
)
)
x = 8
6 (a)
7x
+
4

= 8

4

7x + 4 = 32

7x = 28

x = 4
(b) When x = 4 the set of data is 2, 7,
7 and 16.
358
(8)2
2 =
4

= 25.5
x = 9
7 (a)
2m
+
18

= 9

4

2m + 18 = 36

2m = 18

m = 9

70
30
100
60
1
2
49 + y2 11 + y 2
1
= 3
4
4

2

49 + y2
121 + 22y + y2
= 12.25
16

4
2
2
196 + 4y 121 22y y = 196

3y2 22y 121 = 0

(3y + 11)(y 11) = 0
11
y=
or y = 11
3

\ y = 11
5
140
0
0.5
15 10
5
10
= 14.5 + 2.5
= 17
4 m = 14.5 +
180
= 5
164 + (9 n)2 + (9 + n)2

(9)2 = 5
4

164 + 81 18n + n2 +
81 + 18n + n2
81 = 25
4

2
2n + 326 = 424
2n2 = 98
n2 = 49
n = 7
\ m = 9, n = 7
(x x)2
N

150
=

20
= 7.5
8 2 =
1270 + x
= 240
(b)

6

1270 + x = 1440

x = 170

\ Mukhrizs weekly wage is
RM170.
3 (a)
Number of goals scored 0
Number of matches
(a) Median mark = 34.5

(b) Q1 = 27.5

Q3 = 42.5

\ Interquartile range
= 42.5 27.5
= 15
(c) 400 275 = 125 students
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
10

x = 3.5
6 + 3k + 8 + 20 + 6
= 3.5
k + 10

3k + 40 = 3.5k + 35
0.5k = 5
k = 10
35
11 (a) x =
7

= 5
287
2 =
(5)2
7

= 16
(b) 16m2
( )
( )
73
12 Q1 = 39.5 +
5
5
= 43.5
21 18
Q3 = 49.5 +
5
6

= 52
\ Interquartile range = 52 43.5

= 8.5
108
13 (a) x =
6

= 18
2184

(b) 2 =
(18)2
6

= 40
14 New mean = 4(2) 3

= 5
New variance = 22(1.5)

= 6
20m
15 (a) x =
5

= 4m

2 = 8
2
90m

(4m)2 = 8

5
90m2 80m2
= 8
5

2

10m = 40

m2 = 4

m = 2

\ m = 2
16
2 = 4n
50
( m )2 = 4n
5

10 m = 4n

m = 10 4n
= 20
17 (a) Student A : x
5
= 4
90
(4)2
=

5
= 2
= 1.414
20

Student B : x =
5
= 4
98
(4)2
=

5
= 3.6
= 1.897
(b) Student A
18 (a) m = 4
78
(b) x =
20

= 3.9
356
(3.9)2
=

20

= 2.59

= 1.609
22
Number of
matches
19 (a) k = 9, l = 5
(b) Estimated mode = 12.5
20 (a) x = 5
(b) x + 11
x
2
x + 11 2x

x 11

x 11

\ x = 10
x = 2
(c)
x
+
12
+
6
+
12

= 2
x + 11

x + 30 = 2x + 22

x = 8
21 (a)
Number of cars
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5 100.5 110.5

92.5
Speed (km h1)
(b) Estimated mode = 92.5
25 (a)
(a) Number of
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
goals scored
(b) (i) m = 3
(ii) Interquartile range = 3
3 + 8 + 15 + 8 + 5 + 18
(iii) x =
20

57
=

20

= 2.85
229
(2.85)2
=

20

= 3.3275

= 1.824
23 (a) (i)
(ii)

m=8
Interquartile range
= 13 3.5
= 9.5
72
(iii) x =

9

= 8
792
2 =
(8)2
9

= 24
72 + x
(b)
= 8
10

72 + x = 80

x = 8
24 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Frequency
2 3 4 5 2 1 3
Mode = 2
2+3
m =
2
= 2.5
Range = 6 0

= 6
x = 52
20
= 2.6
192
(2.6)2
=
20
= 2.84
= 1.685
10
8
6
4
2
0
50.5
Mode = 76.5
(b) m = 70.5 +

= 77.5
60.5
70.5 80.5
76.5
90.5 100.5 110.5
Mass (g)
18 11
10
10
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
2818
(c) x =

36

= 78.278
26
Number of workers
Number of books
Number of students
13
46
79
10 12
10
13 15
16 18
(a) Q1 = 3.5 +
(b)
= 5.643
(
(
14
12
10
8
6
4
10 5
3
7
30 20
Q3 = 9.5 +
3
10

= 12.5

\ Interquartile range
= 12.5 5.643
= 6.857
371

(b) x =
40

= 9.275
4249
(9.275)2
=
40

= 20.1994

= 4.494
42.5
46.5 50.5
48.7
Number of
hours
54.5
Mode = 48.7
1860

(c) x =
40

= 46.5
87 418
(46.5)2
=
40

= 23.2

= 4.817
29 (a) (i) Median mark = 29.5

(ii) Interquartile range = 37.5 21.5

= 16

(b) 40 marks
Frequency
30 (a)
12
10
40
35
32.5
30
6
4
Q3
25
38.5
27 (a)
34.5
20
0.5
5.5 10.5
9.5
15.5
20.5
25.5
30.5
Time
(minutes)
15
Mode = 9.5
325
(b) x =

30

= 10.833
4455
2 =
(10.833)2
30

= 31.146
15 4
5
(c) m = 5.5 +
12

= 10.083
10
5
0
25.5
30.5
35.5
36
40.5 45.5 50.5

41.75 46 48
55.5
60.5 Length (mm)

(i) m = 41.75

(ii) Interquartile range = 46 36

= 10

(iii) The number of leaves which are longer than 48 mm

= 40 33

= 7 leaves
(b) (i) p = 9, q = 3
28 (a) Range = 52.5 36.5

= 16

Modal class = 47 50
Q1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
x = 50
(ii)
3m + 112
= 50
5

3m + 112 = 250

3m = 138

m = 46
12 652
2
(b) =
(50)2
5

= 30.4
30.4
New variance =

22

= 7.6

(ii)
Frequency
12
10
8
6
4
33 (a) (i) x = 6
x
= 6

5

x = 30
2
0
25.5
30.5
35.5
40.5 45.5
42.5
Mode = 42.5
50.5
55.5
60.5 Length (mm)
Score
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of
students
(c)
14
34
64
76
80
Number of students
70
60
1
(ii) New standard deviation = 2 (2)

2

= 5
50
40
x2
(8)2 = 3

50
x2
64 = 9
50

x2 = 3650
(b) =
30
20
10
34 (a) (i) x = 8
x
= 8

50

x = 400

(ii)
= 3
80
76
0
5.5
1
2
= 2
x2
1
(6)2 = 2
5

2
x2
36 = 6.25
5

x2 = 211.25
(b) (i) New mean = (6 1)(2)

= 5(2)

= 10
1680
31 (a) x =
80

= 21
(b)
(ii)
10.5
15.5
20.5
25.5
21.5
30.5
35.5

= 8.824
= 2.97
120
35 (a) x =
10

= 12
1650

2 =
(12)2
10

= 21
120 k
(b) (i)
= 11

9

120 k = 99

k = 21
1650 212

(ii) 2 =
(11)2
9

= 13.33
Score
(i) Median score = 21.5

(ii) The percentage of students whose scores are 31

and above
80 76

=
100
80

= 5%
32 (a) (i) x = 3m + 112
3650 + 82
(8)2
51
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Circular Measures
18
p
180
1
= p radian

10
45
(b) 45 =
p
180
1
= p radian

4
(c) 80 = 80 p
180
4
= p radians

9
(d) 150 = 150 p
180
5

= p radians

6
225
(e) 225 =
p
180
5
= p radians

4
(f) 300 = 300 p
180
5
= p radians

3

20
2 (a) 20 =
p
180

= 0.349 radian
42.5
(b) 42.5 =
p
180

= 0.742 radian
75
(c) 75 =
p
180

= 1.309 radians
(d) 142 25 = 142 25 p
180

= 2.486 radians
250
p
(e) 250 =
180

= 4.363 radians
320 15
(f) 320 15 =
p
180

= 5.589 radians
1 (a) 18 =
0.72
180
p

= 41 15
1.5

(b) 1.5 rad =
180

p

= 85 57
2.425
(c) 2.425 rad =
180

p

= 138 57
5
p
6
5
180
(d)
p rad =
6

p

= 150
3 (a) 0.72 rad =
CerdikPublications
PublicationsSdn.
Sdn.Bhd.
Bhd.(203370-D)
(203370-D)2010
2010
Cerdik
4
p
5
4
(e)
180
p rad =
5

p

= 144
7
p
4
7
(f)
180
p rad =
4

p

= 315
4 (a) s = 8(1.6)

= 12.8 cm
290
(b) s = 20
180

= 20(5.061)

= 101.22 cm
(c) s = 10(0.65)

= 6.5 cm
3
(d) s = 50
4

= 117.81 cm
( )
PR
= sin 0.7 rad
10
PR = 10(sin 0.7 rad)
= 6.442 cm
OR
= cos 0.7 rad
10

OR = 10(cos 0.7 rad)

= 7.648 cm

QR = 10 7.648

= 2.352 cm

\ Perimeter of the shaded region

= 7 + 6.442 + 2.352

= 15.794 cm
(b) sPQ = 6
2

= 9.425 cm

PQ = 62 + 62

= 72

= 8.485 cm


= 9.425 + 8.485

= 17.91 cm
(c)

3 cm
15
4

= 3.75 radians
8
(b) q =
7

= 1.143 radians
15
(c) q =
12

= 1.25 radians
9
(d) q =
18

= 0.5 radian
6 (a) q =
q
2
(a) p = 9(1.047) + 2(9)(sin 30)

= 9.423 + 9

= 18.423 cm
(b) p = 10(2.5) + 2(10)(sin 1.25 rad)

= 25 + 18.98

= 43.98 cm
106 16
(c) p = 15
+ 2(15)
180

(sin 53 8)

= 27.821 + 24.001

= 51.822 cm
1.25 cm
S
1.25
sin q =
3

q = 24 37
49 14
= 3
+ 2.5
180

= 3(0.859) + 2.5

= 5.077 cm
(d) sPQ = 8(0.6)

= 4.8 cm
PR
= tan 0.6 rad
8

PR = 8(tan 0.6 rad)

= 5.473 cm

OR = 5.4732 + 82

= 9.693 cm

RQ = 9.693 8

= 1.693 cm


= 4.8 + 5.473 + 1.693

= 11.966 cm
7 p = rq + 2r sin
7
10
= 0.7 rad
8 (a) POQ =
()
12
0.8

= 15 cm
22
(b) r =

2.2

= 10 cm
9

(c) r =

1.003

= 8.97 cm
35

(d) r =

3.491

= 10.03 cm
5 (a) r =
(d) p = 8(1.5) + 2(8)(sin 0.75 rad)

= 12 + 10.906

= 22.906 cm
ISBN:978-983-70-3258-3
978-983-70-3258-3
ISBN:
C
8 cm
30
8
= tan 30
OR

8
OR =

tan 30

= 13.856 cm
BR = AP = 24 13.856

= 10.144 cm
240
sPQR = 8
180

= 8(4.189)

= 33.512 cm
sAQB = 24
3

= 25.133 cm
= 2(10.144) + 33.512 + 25.133
= 78.933 cm
()
OB
2
10
=
BD 1
2BD = 8
BD = 4 cm
sAB = 8(0.5)

= 4 cm
sCD = 12(0.5)

= 6 cm
= 2(4) + 4 + 6
= 18 cm
20
= tan 0.5 rad
AC
20
AC =

tan 0.5 rad

= 36.61 cm
20
= sin 0.5 rad
OC
20
OC =

sin 0.5 rad

= 41.717 cm
BC = 41.717 20

= 21.717 cm
AOC = 0.5
2

= 1.071 rad

sAB = 20(1.071)

= 21.42 cm
= 36.61 + 21.717 + 21.42
= 79.747 cm
11
12
A
5 cm
9 cm E
13 cm
B
4 cm

CD = 132 52

= 144

= 12 cm
5
cos BAE =

13
BAE = 67 23

= 1.176 rad
ABC = 2 1.176

= 1.966 rad
= 12 + 9(1.176) + 4(1.966)
= 30.448 cm
10
20
1
= rad

2

= 0.5 radian

(b) sBC = 20( 0.5)

= 52.832 cm
13 (a) AOB =
1 2
(5) (2.4)
2

= 30 cm2
1
(b) A = (8)2
3

2

= 33.51 cm2
1
300
(c) A = (20)2
180

2

= 1047.198 cm2
1
10
(d) A = (10)2
9

2

= 174.533 cm2
14 (a) A =
()
( )
( )
1 2
r (2) = 64
2

r2 = 64

r = 8 cm
(b) 1 2(4.4) = 55
r
2

r2 = 25

r = 5 cm
1 2 2
(c)
= 12
r
3

2
2

r = 36

r = 6 cm
1 2
(d)
r (3.5) = 175

2

r2 = 100

r = 10 cm
1
(6)2(q) = 27
2

18q = 27

q = 1.5 radians
(d)
12
10

= 1.2 rad
1
1
Area = (102)(1.2) (102)
2

2
(sin 1.2 rad)

= 60 46.602

= 13.398 cm2
5
(b) q =
p rad
12
1
5
1
Area = (12)2
p (12)2
12
2

2
5
sin p rad
12

= 94.248 69.547

= 24.701 cm2
1
2
1
(c) Area = (10)2 p (10)2
5
2

2
2
sin p rad
5

= 62.832 47.553

= 15.279 cm2
C
(d)
17 (a) q =
( )
(
)
( )
(
)
12 cm
15 (a)
( )
1
(5)2(q) = 10
2

25q = 20
20
q =

25
4

= radian

5
1
(b)
(8)2(q) = 24
2

32q = 24
3
q =

4

= 2.356 radians
1
(c)
(10)2(q) = 30
2

50q = 30
3
q = radian

5
16 (a)
13 cm
12
sin q =

13
q = 67 23

= 1.176 rad
AOC = 2 1.176
= 2.352 rad
1
1
Area = (13)2(2.352)
2

2
(13)2(sin 2.352 rad)
= 198.744 60.001
= 138.743 cm2
18 Area of the shaded segment

1 2
1
=
r (1.8) r2(sin 1.8 rad)
2
2
= 0.9 r2 0.4869 r2
= 0.4131 r2
Area of circle = r2
The ratio of the shaded segment to
0.4131r2
the circle =
r2

0.4131
=

3.1416
4131
=

31 416

= 81 : 616
2
180
6
= 60
1
= rad
3
19 AOB =

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
sAB = 4
1

r = 4
3

r = 12 cm
3
BOC = 180

6

= 90
1
= rad

2
1
COD = 180

6

= 30
1
= rad

6
Area of shaded segment BC
1
1
1

= (12)2 (12)2 sin 90
2
2
2
= 36 72
Area of shaded segment CD
1
1
1
= (12)2 (12)2 sin 30
6
2
2
= 12 36
\ Area of the shaded region
= 36 72 + (12 36)
= (48 108) cm2

= 66.366 30
= 36.366 cm2
( )
23 (a) sPQ = 12

8q = 12
3

q = radians

2
(b) Area of minor sector TOR
1
3
= (4)2
2

2

= 12 cm2

Area of circle = (4)2

= 16

Area of the shaded region

= (16 12) cm2
()
( )
( )
1
(5)(12)
2

= 30 cm2

Area of sector OPQ
1
= (5)2(1.176)

2

= 14.7 cm2


= 30 14.7

= 15.3 cm2
(b) Area of sector OPQ
1
1
= (14.142)2 p
4

2

= 78.538 cm2
1
Area of DORQ = (10)(10)

2

= 50 cm2


= 78.538 50

= 28.538 cm2
20 (a) Area of DOPR =
( )
21

AP
= tan 0.6 rad
10
AP = 6.841 cm
8
6
4
=

3

AOX = 53 8

= 0.927 rad
1
(b) Area of DAOX = (6)(8)

2

= 24 cm2

Area of sector AOB
1

= (6)2(0.927)

2

= 16.686 cm2


= 24 16.686

= 7.314 cm2
1 (a) tan AOX =
1
Area of OAPB = 2 (10)(6.841)
2

= 68.41 cm2
1
Area of sector OAB = (10)2(1.2)

2

= 60 cm2
= 68.41 60
= 8.41 cm2
1
Area of semicircle = (6.5)2()

2

= 66.366 cm2
1

Area of DPQR = (5)(12)

2

= 30 cm2
22
A
10 cm
O
6 cm
6

10
3
=

5
q = 36 52

AOB = 73 44

= 1.287 rad
Area of the shaded segment
1
1
= (10)2(1.287) (10)2 sin 73 44
2
2
= 64.35 47.998
= 16.352 cm2
= p(10)2 16.352
= 314.159 16.352
= 297.81 cm2
sin q =
( )
5
3 (a) sACB = 15
3

= 78.54 cm
(b) Area of the shaded region

1
= (15)2
(15)2 sin
3
2
3

2

= 117.81 97.428

= 20.38 cm2
()
4 (a) sAB = 2

12q = 2
q = radian

6
\ AOB = radian
6

1

(12)2 sin
= (12)2
6
2
6

2

= 37.699 36

= 1.699 cm2
()
5 Area of DOAT = 60
1
(10)(AT) = 60
2

AT = 12 cm
12
tan AOT =

10

= 1.2

AOT = 50 12

= 0.876 rad
\ Area of the sector AOB
1
= (10)2(0.876)

2
= 43.8 cm2
6 (a) sAB = 10(0.8)

= 8 cm
1
1
= (10)2(0.8) (5)(10)
2

2
sin 0.8 rad

= 40 17.934

= 22.07 cm2
7 (a) sAB = 6(0.5)

= 3 cm
BC
(b)
= tan 0.5 rad

6

BC = 6 tan 0.5 rad

= 3.278 cm

1
1
= (6)(3.278) (6)2(0.5)
2

2

= 9.834 9

= 0.834 cm2
8 (a)
O
9 cm
Q
12 cm
9
12
3
=
4
OTQ = 36 52
PTQ = 2(36 52)
= 73 44
= 1.287 radians
tan OTQ =
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

1
1
= 2 (9)(12) (9)2(1.855)
2
2

= 108 75.128

= 32.872 cm2
9 2r + rq = 15
r(2 + q) = 15
15
r =
1

2 + q
1 2
r q = 9 2
2
1 15 2
q = 9
2 2 + q

225q = 18(4 + 4q + q2)

225q = 72 + 72q + 18q2
18q2 153q + 72 = 0
2q2 17q + 8 = 0
(2q 1)(q 8) = 0
1
q = or q = 8 (rejected)

2
1
Substitute q = into 1 :
2

15
=6
r=
1
2+
2

1
r = 6, q = radian
2

sAB = 6(0.5)
= 3 cm

sCD = 10(0.5)
= 5 cm
= 2(4) + 3 + 5
= 16 cm
14 (a)
11 (a) sACB = 24

6q = 24

q = 4 radians
(b) Area of minor sector AOB
1
= (6)2(2p 4)

2

= 41.097 cm2
12 (a) CAO = 45
= rad

4
sCD = 8.485
4

= 6.664 cm
1
1
= (8.485)2
(6)(6)
4
2

2

= 28.27 18

= 10.27 cm2
15 (a) sAB = 6(0.9)

= 5.4 cm
1 2
1
=
(6) (0.9) (3)2sin 0.9 rad
2

2

= 16.2 3.525

= 12.675 cm2
16 (a) 2q + 6q + 8 = 12

8q = 4
1

q = radian

2
1
1
1
1
(2)2
=
(6)2
2
2
2

2

= 9 1

= 8 cm2
()
()
17 (a)
13 cm
()
4
sin BOT =

5

BOT = 53 8

\ q = 53 8

= 0.927 radian
(b) Area of the minor segment BCD
1 2
1
=
(5) (1.854) (5)2
2
2

sin 1.854 rad

= 23.175 12.002

= 11.173 cm2
()
13 Let r be the radians of sector COD

1
1
r2(0.5) (6)2(0.5) = 16
2
2
1 2

r (0.5) = 25
2

r2 = 100

r = 10 0
5 cm
4 cm
( )
10 sAB = 10(0.6)
= 6 cm
BP
= tan 0.3 rad
10

BP = 10 tan 0.3 rad

= 3.093 cm
= 2(3.093) + 6
= 12.186 cm
12 cm

(b)

12
sin q =

13
q = 67 23
\ AOC = 2(67 23)

= 134 46

= 2.352 radians
sABC = 13(2.352)

= 30.576 cm
(c) Area of the shaded region

1
= (13)2 (13)2 sin 134 46
2

= 530.93 59.99

= 470.94 cm2
18 (a) Let r be the length of OQ
1
1
r + (r + 2) + 4 = 10
3 3
2
2
r + = 6
3 3

2r + 2 = 18

2r = 16

r = 8

\ OQ = 8 cm
1
1
1
1
=
(8)2
(10)2
3
2
3

2

= 16.67 10.67

= 6 cm2
()
19 (a) q = 45
p
= radian

4
()
( )
4

= 11.107 cm

sACB = 10

= 31.416 cm


= 31.416 + 11.107 + 14.142
+ 5.858

= 62.52 cm
1
(c) Area of semicircle = (10)2

2

= 157.08 cm2

Area of sector CBD
1
1
= (14.142)2
4

2

= 78.54 cm2


= 157.08 78.54

= 78.54 cm2
(b) sCD = 14.142
( )
()
()
1
3
1
3
(2k)2
= 30
(3k)2
4
2
4
2
27 2 12 2
k k = 30
8
8

15 2
k = 30
8

k2 = 16

k = 4 0
3
(b) sCD = 12
4

= 9 cm
3
sAB = 8

4

= 6 cm

\ The difference in length

= 9 6

= 3 cm
20 (a)
()
()
1 2
(8) q = (2)2
2
32q = 4
1
q = rad

8
p
\ AOB = radian
8
21 (a)

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
()
()
p
8
= 0.785 cm
p
sCD = 8
8
= 3.412 cm
\ Perimeter of the shaded
region ABDC
= 0.785 + 3.142 + 12
= 15.927 cm
(b) sAB = 2

sAB 4
22 (a)
=
sBC 5

10q
4
=
10 q 5
2

( )
( )
q
2

9q = 2
2
q = rad

9
2
(b) sAB = 10
9

= 6.981 cm
5q = 4
( )
T
10 cm
B
O
CT
= sin 0.436 rad
10
CT = 10 sin 0.436 rad
= 4.223 cm
BC = 8.446
= 20 + 6.981 + 8.446
= 35.427 cm
23 (a) sBC = 10(1.2)

= 12 cm
(b) (i) Area of sector COB
1
= (10)2(1.2)

2

= 60 cm2
1.2
(ii) CAO =

2

= 0.6 rad
C
10 cm
0.9708 rad
O
CT
= sin 0.9708 rad
10

CT = 10 sin 0.9708

= 8.2534 cm

CA = 2(8.2534)

= 16.507 cm
Area of sector CAD

1
= (16.507)2(0.6)

2

= 81.744 cm2

(c) Area of DAOC
1
= (10)2(sin 1.9416)

2

= 46.602 cm2

Area of COD

= 81.744 46.602

= 35.142


= 60 35.142

= 24.86 cm2
24 (a) Area of sector LOM

1
= (8)2(1.25)

2

= 40 cm2
LN
(b)
= tan 1.25 rad

8

LN = 8 tan 1.25

= 24.077 cm
1
Area of DLON = (8)(24.077)

2

= 96.308 cm2


= 96.308 40

= 56.308 cm2
25 (a) PRQ = 2(0.9)

= 1.3416 rad

1
1
= (10)(10) sin 1.3416 rad
2

2
(10)2(0.9)

= 48.692 45

= 3.69 cm2
(b) sRS = 10(0.9)

= 9 cm
R
10 cm
0.9 rad
PT
= cos 0.9 rad
10
PT = 10 cos 0.9
= 6.216 cm
PQ = 2(6.216)
= 12.432 cm
Perimeter of the shaded region
= 9 + 10 + (12.432 10)
= 21.432 cm
(b)
6 cm
3 rad
2
O
SU
3
= sin rad
6
2
3
SU = 6 sin
2
= 5.985 cm
\ RT = 5.985 cm

(c)
12
5.985
T
5.985

12

ROT = 29 55

= 0.522 radian
(d) Area of sector OQR
1
= (12)2(0.522)

2

= 37.584 cm2

Area of DORT
1
= (10.401)(5.985)

2

= 31.125 cm2


= 37.584 31.125

= 6.459 cm2
sin ROT =
6
cos POQ =
10
3
=

5

POQ = 53 8

= 0.927 radian
(b) sAB = 3(0.927)

= 2.781 cm

PQ = 102 62

= 8 cm


= 7 + 8 + 3 + 2.781

= 20.781 cm
(c) Area of the shaded region
1
1

= (6)(8) (3)2(0.927)
2

2

= 24 4.172

= 19.828 cm2
27 (a)
28 (a)
15 cm
26 (a) 12q = 18
18

q =

12
3
= radians

2
1.1 rad
F
AF
= sin 1.1 rad
15
AF = 15 sin 1.1 rad
= 13.368 cm
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

(b)
AC = 2(13.368)
= 26.736 cm
A
13.368
F
20 cm
D
13.368
sin ADF =

20

ADF = 41 57

ADC = 2(41 57)

= 83 54

= 1.464 radians
(c) sABC = 15(2.2)

= 33 cm

sAEC = 20(1.464)

= 29.28 cm


= 33 + 29.28

= 62.28 cm

Area of segment AEC
1
1

=
(20)2(1.464) (20)2
2
2

sin 1.464 rad

= 292.80 198.86

= 93.94 cm2
Area of segment ABC

1
1
=
(15)2(2.2) (15)2 sin 2.2
2
2
= 247.50 90.956
= 156.544 cm2
= 156.544 93.94
= 62.604 cm2
1
(20)2(0.8)
2
4
=
1
1
5

2
2
(20 + r) (0.8) (20) (0.8)
2
2

5(160) = 4(0.4r2 + 16r)

1.6r2 + 64r 800 = 0

r2 + 40r 500 = 0

(r + 50)(r 10) = 0

r = 10 0
(b) sPQ = 20(0.8)

= 16 cm

sRS = 30(0.8)

= 24

\ Perimeter of region A
= 16 + 24 + 20

= 60 cm
29 (a)
OC
= cos 1.5 rad
16

OC = 16(cos 1.5 rad)

= 1.132 cm

\ BC = 16 1.132

= 14.87 cm
(b) AC = 162 1.1322

= 15.96 cm

sAB = 16(1.5)

= 24 cm


= 24 + 15.96 + 14.87

= 54.83 cm

Area of sector OAB
1

= (16)2(1.5)

2

= 192 cm

Area of DAOC
1
= (1.132)(15.96)

2

= 9.033 cm2


= 192 9.033

= 182.97 cm2
30 (a)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Differentiation
1
(a) lim
( )
x 1
x+1
2
x 1
= lim (x + 1)(x 1)
x 1

(x + 1)

= 1 1

= 2
x2 9
(b) lim
x3
x3
(x + 3)(x 3)
= lim
x3
(x 3)

= lim (x + 3)
x3

= 3 + 3

= 6
x2 x 12
(c) lim 2
x 4 x 11x + 28
(x + 3)(x 4)
= lim
x 4 (x 4)(x 7)

(x + 3)
= lim
x 4 (x 7)

4+3
=

47
7

=
3
x2 2x
(d) lim
x2
x2 4
x(x 2)
= lim
x 2 (x + 2)(x 2)

x
= lim
x2 x + 2

2
=

4
1
=

2
(a) lim
( )
(
( )
x+1
x1
x 1
x+x
= lim
x
x 1
xx
1
1+ x
= lim
x
1
1 x
( )
( )
( )
1+0
10
= 1
2x + 1
(b) lim
x
x
2x 1
x +x
= lim
x
x
x

1
= lim 2 +
x
x

= 2
=
( )
( )
( )
(c) lim
( )
x
x+5
= lim
( )
x
x
x 5
x+x

1
= lim
5
x
1+ x

1
=
= 1

1 + 0
3 4x
(d) lim
x 6 7x
3
x 4
= lim
x
6
x 7

4
=

7
x2 + 7x
(e) lim
x
x2 4
x2 7x
+
x2 x2
= lim
2
x
x 4
x2 x2

7
1+ x
= lim
x
4
1 2
x

= 1
2x3 5x2 + 4x 6
(f) lim
x
3 8x3
2x3 5x2 4x 6
3 + 3 3
x3
x
x
x
=
3 8x3
x3 x3

5 4 6
2 x + x2 x3
= lim
x
3
8
x3

2
=

8
1

=
4
(a) lim
( )
( )
( )
( )
x0
(b) lim
x0
(c) lim
x0
(d) lim
x0
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
x
=
x1
=
x+1
=
x1
=
x+3
=
1x
=
2
=
3+x
(e)
( )
94
(a) mAB =
= 5
3 2
dy
(b)
= 4
dx
0
01
0
0+1
01
1
0+3
10
3
2
2
=
3 + 0 3

(d)

( )

(f)

)
)
(c)
(a) lim(x2 3x + 1) = 22 3(2) + 1

x2

= 1
x 3
()
3
3
=
x2 (3)2
3
=

9
1
=

3
5
lim 4 + 2 = 4 + 0
x
x
= 4

lim 3x(x 2) = 3(1)
x1

= 3
4x
43
lim
=
x3 x + 2
3+2
1
=
5

lim (x 2)(x 3)
x4
= (4 2)(4 3)
= 2
(b) lim

y = 3x 4
y + y = 3(x + x) 4
y = 3x + 3x 4 (3x 4)
y = 3x
y = 3

x
dy
y = 3
= lim
dx x 0 x

(b)
y = 2x2 + 3

y + y = 2(x + x)2 + 3

= 2[x2 + 2x x + ( x)2] + 3

y = 2x2 + 4x x + 2( x)2 +

3 (2x2 + 3)

y = 4x x + 2( x)2
y = 4x + 2 x
x

dy
y
= lim
dx x 0 x

= 4x

1
(c)
y =
x
1
y + y =

x + x
1
1
y =

x + x x
y = x (x + x)

x(x + x)
x
y =

x(x + x)
y =
1

x x(x + x)
y = lim y

x x 0 x
1

= 2
x
(a)

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1 2
x
2
1
y + y = (x + x)2

2
1
= [x2 + 2x x + ( x)2]

2
1
1
= x2 + x x + ( x)2
2

2
1 2

x
2
y = x x + 1 ( x)2
2

y = x + x
2

x
y
y
= lim

x x 0 x

= x
(e)
y = 2x3

y + y = 2(x + x)3

= 2(x + x)(x + x)2

= 2(x + x)[x2 + 2x x +

( x)2]

= 2[x3 + 2x2 x + x( x)2 +

x2x + 2x(x)2 + (x)3]

y = 2x3 + 4x2 x + 2x( x)2

+ 2x2 x + 4x( x)2 +

2( x)3 2x3
y = 4x2 + 2x x + 2x2 +
x 4x x + 2( x)2

= 6x2 + 6x x + 2( x)2
y = lim y

x x 0 x

= 6x2
3
(f)
y =
2
x
3
y + y =
2

x + x
3
3
y =
2
2
x

x + x
3
3
=

x + x x
3x 3(x + x)
=

x(x + x)
3 x
=

x(x + x)
y =
3

x x(x + x)
y = lim y

x x 0 x
3

= 2
x
(g)
y = 2x2 3x + 2

y + y = 2(x + x)2 3(x + x)

+2

= 2[x2 + 2x x + ( x)2]

3x 3 x + 2

y = 4x x + 2( x)2 3 x
y = 4x + 2 x 3

x
y = lim y

x x 0 x

= 4x 3
(d)
y =
( )
x
x+2
x + x
y + y =

x + x + 2
x + x
x
y =

x + x + 2 x + 2
(x + 2)(x + x)
x(x + x + 2)
=

(x + 2)(x + x + 2)
x2 + x x + 2x + 2 x
x2 x x 2x
=
(x
+ 2)(x + x + 2)

(h)
y =
2 x
=

(x + 2)(x + x + 2)
y =
2
x (x + 2)(x + x + 2)
y = lim y

x x 0 x
2
=

(x + 2)2
dy
= 6x + 5
dx
dy
= 5x4 21x2 + 6
dx
y = 9x2 4x2
dy
= 18x + 8x 3
dx
8
= 18x + 3
x

y = 4x + 3x1
dy
= 4 3x 2
dx
3
= 4 2
x

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
(e) y = 3x + 4x 2 3
1
dy
= 3 + 2x 2
dx

2
= 3 +
x

1
(f) y = 7x2 + 3x x 2
1
dy
1
= 14x + 3 x 2
dx
2

1

= 14x + 3
2 x
1
2
(g) y = 4x2 + x 2 + 1
3
3
dy
1 2
= 8x x
3

dx

= 8x 1 3
2
3x
x
(h) y = 3x1 5x2
3
1
dy
= + 3x2 + 10x3

dx 3
1 3 10
= + +

3 x2 x3
1
1
3
(i) y = x 2 + 6x 2
2
1
3
3
dy
= x 2 3x 2

dx 4
3
33
=

4 x
x2
=

dy
=
dx
=
(a) y =

=
dy
=
dx
(b) y =
=

dy
=
dx
1 2 1
x +9
2
x
1
2x4 + x2 x1 + 9
2
8x3 + x + x2
1
8x3 + x + 2
x
2x2 + 6x
x
2x + 6
2
y = 2x4 +

(j)
(c) y =
4x3 2x 3
8x
1 2 1 3 1
x x
2
4 8
3
x + x 2
8
3
x+ 2
8x
3x2 4x
x
3
= 3x 2 4x 2
1
1
dy
9 2
=
x 2x 2
dx
2

2
9
=
x x

2
x3 + x
(d) y =
x2

= x + x 1
dy
= 1 x2

dx
1

= 1 2
x
1
(e) y = x +
x
1
= x 2 + x 2
1
3
1 2 1 2
=
x x
2
2

1
=
13

2 x
2x 2
6x2 x + 3
(f) y =
2x

1
1 2 3 1
= 3x x + x
2
2

3
dy
1 2
3
= 3 + x + x 2
4
2

dx
3
1
= 3 + 3 2
2x

4x 2
3
x+ x
(g) y =
x

= x 2 + x 6
7
1
1 2 1 6
dy
x x
=
6

dx 2
1
17
=

2 x
6x 6
x
(h) y = 2 + 2
x

3

= 2x2 + x 2
5
3
dy
3
= 4x x 2
2

dx
4
3
= 3 5
x
2x 2

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
x2 + 2
3 x 1
= x 2 + 2x 2
1
3
3 2 2
=
x x
2

3
1
=
x 3
2
2
x
x2 + 3
=
x2

= 1 + 3x2
(i)
y =

dy
dx
(j)

dy
= 6x3
dx
6
= 3
x

(a) y = (3x + 1)2

= 9x2 + 6x + 1
dy
= 18x + 6

dx
2 2
(b) y = x2 +
x

= x4 + 4x + 4x2
dy
= 4x3 + 4 8x3

dx
8

= 4x3 + 4 3
x
(c) y = (x + 1)(2x 3)

= 2x2 x 3
dy
= 4x 1

dx
(d) y = x( x 4)
= x 2 4x
1
dy
3 2
=
x 4

dx 2
3 x
=
4
2

(e) y = (1 + x )(1 x )

= 1 x
dy
= 1

dx
3 2
x +
(f) y =
x

= x + 6 + 9x 1
dy
= 1 9x 2

dx
9

= 1 2
x
(g) y = (x2 + 3)2

= x4 + 6x2 + 9
dy
= 4x3 + 12x

dx
1 2
(h) y = 2 + 2
x

= 4 + 4x 2 + x 4
dy
= 8x 3 4x 5

dx
8 4
= 3 5
x x

1 2
(i) y = 5x +
3x
10 1 2
= 25x2 +
+ x
3 9

2
dy
= 50x x 3
9

dx
2

= 50x 3
9x
( )
(
10
(a)

( )
(j)
y = (2 5 x )2
= 4 20x + 25x
1
dy
= 10x 2 + 25
dx
10
= 25
x
dy
= 4x 5
dx
dy
When x = 2,
= 4(2) 5
dx

= 3
1
2
3
2
(b) y = 2x x
1
1
dy
3
= x 2 x 2
2

dx
1
3
=
x

x 2
dy
1 3
When x = 9,
= (3)
dx 3 2

25

=
6
(c) y = 3x2 2x 1 + 4
dy
= 6x + 2x 2

dx
2
= 6x + 2
x

dy
2
When x = 1,
= 6(1) + 2
dx
1

= 8
(d) y = 6x2 11x + 4
dy
= 12x 11

dx
dy
When x = 3,
= 12(3) 11
dx

= 25
(e) y = 1 9x 1
dy
= 9x2

dx
9
=

x2
dy
9
When x = 3,
=
dx (3)2

= 1
3 1
(f) y = 4x + + 2
x x
dy
3
2
= 4 2 3
x
x

dx

When x = 1,
dy
3
2
= 4
(1)2 (1)3

dx

= 4 3 + 2

= 3
2x2 x 3
(g) y =
x

= 2x 1 3x1
dy
= 2 + 3x2

dx
3
= 2 + 2
x

3
1 dy
=2+
When x = ,
1 2
2 dx

2

= 2 + 12

= 14
()
3
2
1
2
(h) y = x + x
1
3
dy
= x2 +
2
dx

1
3 x
23
+
2
2 x
x2

dy
1 2
When x = 4,
= 3 +
dx
4 8

= 3
=
1
2
1
2
+ 4x
1
3
1 2
x 2x 2
2
(i)

(j)
11
(a) y = (x3 + 2)(x2 1)

dy
= 3x2(x2 1) + 2x(x3 + 2)

dx

= 3x4 3x2 + 2x4 + 4x

= 5x4 3x2 + 4x
(b) y = (3 + 2 x)(3 2 x)
1
1
dy
= x 2(3 2 x) x 2(3 + 2 x )

dx
1
1
1
1

= 3x 2 2x 2 2 3x 2
y = 2x 2 + 3
1
dy
= x 2
dx 1
=
x
dy 1
=
dx 3
y = 4x2 + 4x + 1
dy
= 8x + 4
dx
1 dy
1
When x = ,
= 8
+4
4 dx
4

= 6
When x = 9,
()

2x 2 2

= 4
(c) y = (x + 2)(x2 + 3x)
dy
= x2 + 3x + (2x + 3)(x + 2)

dx

= x2 + 3x + 2x2 + 7x + 6

= 3x2 + 10x + 6
(d) y = (x2 + 4)(2x2 x + 6)

= 2x(2x2 x + 6) + (4x 1)

(x2 + 4)

= 4x3 2x2 + 12x + 4x3 + 16x
x2 4

= 8x3 3x2 + 28x 4
1
(e) y = (3x3 + 2x)(x2 + + 4)
x
dy
1
= (9x2 + 2) x2 + + 4 +
x

dx

1
2x 2 (3x3 + 2x)
x

2
= 9x4 + 9x + 36x2 + 2x2 +
x

2
+ 8 + 6x4 + 4x2 3x
x

= 15x4 + 42x2 + 6x + 8
(f) y = 5x2(4 x)
1
dy
(5x2)
= 10x(4 x )
2 x

dx
3
3
5
= 40x 10x 2 x 2
2

25 3

= 40x x 2
2
(g) y = x( x 6)
1
dy
(x)
= x 6 +
x
2
dx

(
)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
12
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
(
)( )
( )( )
dy
dx
(b) y
dy
dx
2x + 5
3x 4
2(3x 4) 3(2x + 5)
=
(3x 4)2

6x 8 6x 15
=
(3x 4)2

23
=
(3x 4)2
3
=
5x
0(5 x) (1)(3)
=
(5 x)2

3
=
2
(5 x)
2
x
=
2x 1
2x(2x 1) 2(x2)
=
(2x 1)2

4x2 2x 2x2
=
(2x 1)2

2x2 2x
=
(2x 1)2
2x(x 1)
=
(2x 1)2
(a) y =

2
1
=
x 6

2
1
1
(h) y = x +
1
x
x

dy
1
1
1
= 1 2 1
+ 2
x
x
x

dx
1
x+
x

1 1 1 1 1
= 1 2 + 3 + + 3
x x x
x x

1
2

= 1 2 + 3
x x
(i) y = x (x + 2)
1
dy
=
(x + 2) + x

dx 2 x
1
1 x
=
+ x + x
2

= 3 x + 1

2
x
1
1
(j) y =
x+
x +
x
x

1
1
dy
1
=
3 x+
+
x

dx 2 x 2x 2
1
1
1 2
x +
x
x

1
1
1
=
x + 3
2 x

2
2x 2
1
1 + x
1
+ x 3
5

2
2x
x2
1
5
x2

1
3
=
x 13 +
2 x

2
2
2x
35

2x 2

= x 6 +
(c) y

dy
dx
3x2 + 5x
x

(d) y =
1
2 x
(3x2 + 5x)
x
3
3
3
5 x
6x 2 + 5 x x 2
2
2
x
3
9 2 5 x
x +
2
2
x
5
9
x + x
2
2
2x x4
x2
(2 4x3)(x2) 2x(2x x4)
x4
2x2 4x5 4x2 + 2x5
x4
2x2 2x5
x4
2
2 2x
x
x2 x + 1
2x + 3
(2x 1)(2x + 3) 2(x2 x + 1)
(2x + 3)2
4x2 + 4x 3 2x2 + 2x 2
(2x + 3)2
2x2 + 6x 5
(2x + 3)2
x
x+1
1
(x + 1) x
2 x
(6x + 5) x
dy
=
dx
(e) y =

dy
=

dx
(f)
y =
dy
=
dx
(g) y =
dy
=
dx
=

=

=
(h) y =

dy
=
dx
(i)
y =

dy
=
dx
=
(j)
y =

dy
=
dx
(x + 1)2
1
1
x
x +
2 x
2
(x + 1)2
1
1
x
2 x 2
2
(x + 1)
1x
2 x (x + 1)2
x2 1
x2 + 1
2x(x2 + 1) 2x(x2 1)
(x2 + 1)2
2x3 + 2x 2x3 + 2x
(x2 + 1)2
4x
(x2 + 1)2
12
x3 + 2x
0 (3x2 + 2)(12)
(x3 + 2x)2
12(3x2 + 2)
(x3 + 2x)2
4x + 1
x2 + 3
4(x2 + 3) 2x(4x + 1)
(x2 + 3)2
4x2 + 12 8x2 2x
(x2 + 3)2
12 2x 4x2
(x2 + 3)2
2(6 x 2x2)
(x2 + 3)2
13
(a) y = (1 + 3x) 2
1
dy
1
=
(1 + 3x) 2 (3)

dx 2
3
=
2 1 + 3x

1
(b) y = (5x2 + 2) 3
2
dy
1
= (5x2 + 2) 3 (10x)

dx 3
10x
=
2
2
3

3(5x + 2)
(c) y
dy

dx
(d) y
dy

dx

(e) y
= (x + 2)4
= 4(x + 2)3
= (2 3x2)5
= 5(2 3x2)4(6x)
= 30x(2 3x2)4
8
1
=
x+3
4
7
1
1
= 8 x + 3
4
4
7
1
= 2 x + 3
4
= (x2 + 1)1
( )
( )( )
( )
dy
dx
y
dy
=

dx
=

(g) y =
dy
=

dx
=

(h) y =
dy
=

dx
=

(i)

(j)
14
(a) y = x 1 + x2
1
1
dy
= 1 + x2 + (1 + x2) 2(2x)(x)
2
dx

x2
= 1 + x2 +
1 + x2

1 + 2x2
=
1 + x2

(b) y = x(2x 1)3
dy
= (2x 1)3 + 3(2x 1)2(2)(x)

dx

= (2x 1)3 + 6x(2x 1)2
(f)
(x2 + 1)2(2x)
2x
(x2 + 1)2
3(3 4x)3
9(3 4x)4(4)
36
(3 4x)4
4(2 x)2
8(2 x)3(1)
8
(2 x)3
y = (2 x )6
1
dy
= 6(2 x )5
2 x
dx
3(2 x )5
=
x

y = 2(x2 3) 2
1
dy
= (x2 3) 2 (2x)
dx
2x
=
2
x 3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(c) y
dy

dx

= (2x 1)2 [(2x 1) + 6x]

= (2x 1)2(8x 1)
= x (1 x)2
1
=
(1 x)2 + 2(1 x)
2 x
(1)( x )
(1 x)2
=
2 x (1 x)
2 x
2
(1 x) 4x(1 x)
=
2 x

1 2x + x2 4x + 4x2
=
2 x

5x2 6x + 1
=
2 x

(d) y = x2 1 2x2
1
dy
1
= 2x 1 2x2 + (1 2x2) 2
2

dx

(4x)(x2)
3
2x
= 2x 1 2x2
1 2x2

(e) y =
dy
=
dx

=

=

(f)
2x(1 2x2) 2x3

1 2x2
2x 6x3
1 2x2
2x(1 3x2)
1 2x2
x
1x
1
1 x 1 (1 x) 2
2
(1)(x)
( 1 x )2
x
1x + 2 1x
1x
2(1 x) + x
2 1 x (1 x)
2x
3
2(1 x) 2
2x
y =
2x + 1
1
1
2 2x + 1 (2x + 1) 2
2
dy
(2)(2x)
=
dx
2x + 1

2x
2 2x + 1 2x + 1
=
(2x + 1)

2(2x + 1) 2x
=
(2x + 1)( 2x + 1)
= 2x + 2

3
2
(2x + 1)
2(x + 1)
=
3
2

(2x + 1)
(g) y = (x 9) x 3
1
dy
1
= x 3 + (x 3) 2(x 9)
2

dx
x9
= x 3 +
2 x3

2(x 3) + x 9
=
2 x3

3x 15
=

2 x3
3(x 5)
2 x3
= x 9 + 3x
=

(h) y
dy

dx
15
(a) y = (2x 1)4

dy
= 4(2x 1)3(2)

dx

= 8(2x 1)3
dy
When x = 1,
=8
dx

(b) y = 5 2x
1
1
dy
= (5 2x) 2 (2)
2

dx
1
=
5 2x

1 dy
1
When x = ,
=

2 dx
2
1
(c) y =
2x 3
dy
2
=

dx (2x 3)2
2
1 dy
When x = ,
=
1
2 dx
2
3 2
2

2
1
= =
2

4
3x2 8
(d) y =
5 2x
dy
6x(5 2x) (2)(3x2 8)
=
(5 2x)2

dx
30x 12x2 + 6x2 16
=
(5 2x)2

30x 6x2 16
=
(5 2x)2

When x = 2,
dy
30(2) 6(2)2 16
=
dx
[5 2(2)]2

= 20
3x2
(e) y =
1 4x2
dy
6x(1 4x2) (8x)(3x2)
=
(1 4x2)2

dx
6x 24x3 + 24x3
=
(1 4x2)2

6x
=

(1 4x2)2
6
dy
When x = 1,
=
dx 9

2
=

3
x2 + 4
(f) y =
x2
2x(x2) 2x(x2 + 4)
dy
=
x4

dx
2x3 2x3 8x
=
x4

=

=

=

1
2
9 + 3x + 1 (9 + 3x) (3)(x)
2
3x
9 + 3x +
2 9 + 3x
2(9 + 3x) + 3x
2 9 + 3x
18 + 9x
2 9 + 3x
9(2 + x)
2 9 + 3x
[( ) ]
8
x3
When y = 5 , 5 =
x2 + 4
x2

4x2 = 4

x2 = 1

x = 1
dy

When x = 1 ,
= 8
dx
dy
When x = 1 ,
=8
dx

(g) y = x (2 x)
1
dy
1
= x 2 (2 x) + (1) ( x )

dx 2
2x
=
x

2 x
2 x 2x
=

2 x
2 3x
=

2 x
dy
2 3(9)
When x = 9,
=
dx 2 9

25
=

6
5x
(h) y =
2x
dy
2x 2(5 x)
=
4x2

dx
10
=

4x2
5
=

2x2
5x
When y = 2 , 2 =
2x

4x = 5 x

5x = 5

x = 1
dy
5
When x = 1,
=
dx 2

16

(a)

y = 3x2 4x + 5
When x = 1,

y = 3(1)2 4(1) + 5

= 12
dy
= 6x 4
dx

dy
At x = 1,
= 10
dx

Equation of the tangent:

y 12 = 10(x + 1)

y 12 = 10x 10

y + 10x = 2
(b) y = x2 3x + 4
dy
= 2x 3

dx
dy
=3
At x = 3,
dx


y 4 = 3(x 3)

y 4 = 3x 9

y = 3x 5
2
(c) y = x +
x
2
When x = 2, y = 2 +
2

= 3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
dy
2
=1 2
dx
x
dy
2
At x = 2,
= 1
dx
(2)2

1
=

2

1
y + 3 = (x + 2)

2
1
y + 3 = x + 1

2
1
y = x 2

2
x1
(d) y =
x+1
11
When x = 1, y =

1+1

= 0
dy
x + 1 (x 1)
=
dx
(x + 1)2

2
=

(x + 1)2
dy 1
At x = 1,
=
dx 2

1
y = (x 1)

2

2y = x 1

2y x = 1
(e) y = 1 + 4x x2
1
dy
1
= (1 + 4x x2) 2 (4 2x)
dx
2

2x
=

1 + 4x x2
23
dy
At x = 3,
=
dx 1 + 4(3) 32

1
=

2

1
y 2 = (x 3)

2

2y 4 = x + 3

2y + x = 7
x2 + 5
(f) y =
x+1
6
When x = 1, y =

2

= 3
dy
2x(x + 1) (x2 + 5)
=
dx
(x + 1)2

2x2 + 2x x2 5
=
(x + 1)2

x2 + 2x 5
=

(x + 1)2
dy
2
=
At x = 1,
dx 4

1
=

2

1
y 3 = (x 1)

2

2y 6 = x + 1

2y + x = 7
17
(a) y = 2(x 1)
When x =

( )
( )
1
1
, y = 2 1
2
2
= 2 1
8
1
=
4

dy
= 6(x 1)2
dx

1 dy 6 3
At x = ,
= =
2 dx 4 2

Equation of the normal:
1
2
1
y+ = x
4 3
2

1
2
1

y + = x +
4
3
3
2
1

y = x +
12
3
(b) y = x 1 2x

When x = 4, y = 4 1 2(4)

= 4(3)

= 12
1
dy
1
= 1 2x + (1 2x) 2
dx
2

(2) (x)
x
= 1 2x
1 2x

(1 2x) x
=
1 2x

1 3x
=

1 2x
1 3(4)
dy
At x = 4,
=
dx 1 2(4)

13
=

3

3
y + 12 = (x + 4)

13

13y + 156 = 3x 12

13y + 3x = 168
x
(c) y =
x+1
2
When x = 2, y =
3

dy
x+1x
=
dx (x + 1)2

1
=

(x + 1)2
dy 1
At x = 2,
=
dx 9

2
y = 9(x 2)
3

2
y = 9x + 18
3

3y 2 = 27x + 54

3y + 27x = 56
1
(d) y = 2 +
x

When x = 1, y = 3
1
dy
=
dx x2

dy
=1
At x = 1,
dx


y 3 = 1(x 1)

y 3 = x 1
( )

y x = 2
6
(e) y = 7x
x
When x = 3, y = 7(3)
6
3

= 21 2

= 19
dy
6
=7+ 2
dx
x

dy
2
At x = 3,
= 7 +
dx
3

23
=

3

3
y 19 =
(x 3)

23

23y 437 = 3x + 9

23y + 3x = 446
x2
(f) y =
2x + 1

When x = 2, y = 0
dy
2x + 1 2(x 2)
=
dx
(2x + 1)2

5
=

(2x + 1)2
dy
5
At x = 2,
=
dx 25

1
=

5


y = 5(x 2)

y = 5x + 10

y + 5x = 10
18
(a) y = 8x +
1
2x2
1
= 8x + x 2
2

dy
= 8 x3
dx
1
= 8 3
x

dy
= 0
dx
1
8 3 = 0
x

1
8 = 3

x
1
x3 =

8
1
x =

2
1
1
1
When x = , y = 8
+
2
2

1
2 2

= 4 + 2

= 6
1
The turning point is
,6 .
2

(b) y = 4x + x 1
dy
= 4 x 2

dx
1
= 4 2
x

1
4 2 = 0
x

1
4 = 2

x

For turning point,
() ()
( )
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)
1
4
1
x =
2

1
1
1
When x = , y = 4
+
2
2
1
2

= 2 + 2

= 4
1
1
1
When x = , y = 4 +
2
2
1
2

= 2 2

= 4
1
1
, 4 and , 4
2
2
y = x3 6x2 + 9x
dy
= 0
dx
3x2 12x + 9 = 0
x2 4x + 3 = 0
(x 1)(x 3) = 0
x = 1 or x = 3
When x = 1, y = 13 6(1)2 + 9(1)

= 4
When x = 3, y = 33 6(3)2 + 9(3)

= 0
(1, 4) and (3, 0)
y = x(x 2)2
= x(x2 4x + 4)
= x3 4x2 + 4x
dy
= 0
dx
3x2 8x + 4 = 0
(3x 2)(x 2) = 0
2
x = or x = 2
3
2
2 3
2 2
When x = , y =
4
3
3
3

2
+4
3

32
=

27
When x = 2, y = 23 4(2)2 + 4(2)

= 0
2 32
and (2, 0)
3 , 27

y = 4 x2 16x2
dy
= 0
dx

32
2x + 3 = 0
x

32
= 2x
x3

16 = x4

x = 2
16
When x = 2, y = 4 (2)2 2
(2)

= 4
(2, 4)
y = x2 2x4
dy
= 0
dx

2x 8x3 = 0
x2 =
( ) ()
( )
( ) (
( )
() ()
()

19

2x = 8x3
1
= 4
x2

1
2
x =

4
1
x =
2

1
1 2
1
When x = , y =
2
2
2

2
1
1
= 2
16

4
1
=

8
1
1 2
1
When x = , y =
2
2
2
2

1
1
= 2
16

8
1
=

8
1 1
1 1
,
and ,
2 8
2 8

() ()
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) (
(a) y = x(x 6)2

= x(x2 12x + 36)

= x3 12x2 + 36x
dy
= 0
dx

3x2 24x + 36 = 0

x2 8x + 12 = 0

(x 2)(x 6) = 0

x = 2 or x = 6

When x = 2,

y = 23 12(2)2 + 36(2)

= 8 48 + 72

= 32

When x = 6,

y = 63 12(6)2 + 36(6)

= 216 432 +216

= 0
d 2y
= 6x 24

dx2
d 2y
When x = 2, 2 = 6(2) 24
dx

= 12 0

(2, 32) is a maximum point.
d 2y
When x = 6, 2 = 6(6) 24
dx

= 36 24

= 12 0

(6, 0) is a minimum point.
(b) y = x + 16x 1
dy
= 1 16x 2

dx
16
= 1 2
x

dy
= 0
dx
16
1 2 = 0
x
16
1 = 2
x
x2 = 16
x = 4
16
When x = 4, y = 4 +
4

= 4 + 4

= 8
When x = 4, y = 4 +
16
(4)
2
= 8
dy
3
=
32x

dx2
32
=

x3
d 2y
32
When x = 4, 2 =
dx 64

1
= 0

2

d 2y
32
When x = 4, 2 =
dx 64

1
= 0

2

(c)
y = x3 2x2
dy
= 3x2 4x
dx

dy
= 0
dx

x(3x 4) = 0
4
x = 0 or x =
3

When x = 0, y = 0
4
4 3
4 2
When x = , y =
2
3
3

3
64 32
=

27 9
32
=

2
27
dy
= 6x 4
dx2

d 2y
When x = 0, 2 = 4 0
dx

4 d 2y
4
When x = , 2 = 6
4
3 dx
3

= 8 4

= 4 0
4
32
,
is a minimum point.
3
27

(d) y = 4x + 9x1
dy
9
= 4 2
x

dx
dy
= 0

dx
9
4 2 = 0
x
9
4 = 2

x
9
x2 =

4
3
x =
2

9
3
3
+
When x = , y = 4
2
2

3
2

= 6 + 6

= 12
3
When x = ,

2
9
3
y = 4
+
2

3
2

= 6 6

= 12
() ()
()
()
( )
()
( )
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
d 2y
18
=
dx2 x3
18
3 d 2y
,
=
2 dx2
3 3
2
16
=
0
3
When x =
()
( )
3
, 12 is a minimum point.
2
18
3 d 2y

When x = , 2 =
2 dx
3 3
2
16
=
0

3
3
, 12 is a maximum point.
2

x2 6x + 9
(e)
y =
x

= x 6 + 9x 1
dy
= 1 9x2

dx
dy
= 0
dx

9
1 2 = 0
x

9
1 = 2

x

x2 = 9

x = 3

When x = 3, y = 0

When x = 3, y = 12
d 2y 18
=
dx2 x3

d 2y
18
When x = 3, 2 =
dx 27

2
= 0

3

d 2y
18
When x = 3, 2 =
dx 27

2
= 0

3

x2
(f)
y =
x+1
dy
2x(x + 1) x2
=
dx
(x + 1)2

x2 + 2x
=

(x + 1)2
dy
= 0
dx

x2 + 2x
= 0

(x + 1)2

x(x + 2) = 0

x = 0 or x = 2

When x = 0, y = 0

When x = 2, y = 4
(2x + 2)(x + 1)2
d 2y
2(x + 1)(x2 + 2x)
=
dx2
(x + 1)4

(2x + 2)(x2 + 2x + 1)
2(x3 + 2x2 + x2 + 2x)
=
(x + 1)4

2x3 + 4x2 + 2x + 2x2 + 4x
+ 2 2x3 4x2 2x2 4x
=
(x + 1)4

( )
2x + 2
=
(x + 1)4
d 2y
When x = 0, 2 = 2 0
dx
d 2y
2(2) + 2
When x = 2, 2 =
dx (2 + 1)4
2
=
4

(1)

= 2 0
20
y = ax2 + bx + c
dy
= 0
dx
2ax + b = 0
At x = 2,
4a + b = 0 1
At the point (0, 10),
10 = a(0)2 + b(0) + c
c = 10

18 = a(2)2 + b(2) + 10
4a + 2b = 8
2a + b = 4 2
1 2 : 2a = 4

a = 2
4(2) + b = 0
b = 8
a = 2, b = 8, c = 10
dy
= 0
dx

3x2 12 = 0

3x2 = 12

x2 = 4

x = 2
dy
(b)
= 3x2 12
dx
dy
At x = 3,
= 3(3)2 12
dx

= 27 12

= 15


y + 9 = 15(x 3)

y + 9 = 15x 45

y = 15x 54
22
y = mx +
21

(a)

n
x2
5 = 3m +
n
9
27m = 30
10
m =

9
10
m=
, n = 15
9
23

(a)

(b)
24
(a)
4 (3x) + 4(x) + 4(h) = 1200

16x + 4h = 1200

4x + h = 300

h = 300 4x
Volume of the box,
V = 3x2h
= 3x2(300 4x)
= 900x2 12x3
= 12x2(75 x) (shown)
For the maximum value of V,
dV
= 0
dx

1800x 36x2 = 0
36x(50 x) = 0
Since x 0, x = 50
A
(24 h) cm
x cm
2
24 cm
27m + n = 45 1
2n
dy
= m 3
dx
x
dy
= 0
At x = 3,
dx
2n
= 0
m
27

27m 2n = 0 2
1 2 : 3n = 45

n = 15

27m 2(15) = 0

25

7 cm R
From the diagram,

x
2
7
=
24 24 h

7(24 h) = 12x
12
24 h =
x

7 12
h = 24 x
7

The area of PQR,
1
A = xh

2
1
12
= x(24 x)
7

2
6
= 12x x2
7

6
= x(14 x) (shown)

7
(b) For a maximum value of A,
dA
= 0
dx

12
12 x = 0
7

12
x = 12
7

x = 7
()
(a) sAB = 40 2r

r = 40 2r
40 2r

=
r

(b) Area of sector,
1

A = r 2
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

(c)
26

1 40 2r
= r2
r
2
= 20r r2
= r(20 r) (shown)
For a maximum value of A,
dA
= 0
dr

20 2r = 0

2r = 20

r = 10
d 2A
and so, 2 = 2 0
dr
Hence, for the area, A to be
maximum, r = 10 and the
maximum area is 20(10) (10)2
= 100 cm2.
4
x
dy
4
= 4x 2
x

dx

When x = 2,
dy
4
= 4(2)
(2)2

dx

= 8 1

x = 9

By the chain rule,
dy
dy
dx
=
dt

dt dx

= 9(3)

= 27
2
(b) y =
(2x 3)3
dy
12
=

dx (2x 3)4
dy
When x = 2,
= 12
dx

By the chain rule,
dy
dy
dx
=
dt

dt dx

= 12(3)

= 36
(c) y = (3x 5)4
dy
= 12(3x 5)3

dt
4
When x = ,
3

3
dy
4
= 12 3
5
3

dx

= 12

By the chain rule,
dy
dx
dy
=
dt

dt dx

= 12(3)

= 36
(d) y = 3x2 5
dy
= 6x

dx
1
1 dy
= 6
When x = ,
3
3 dx

= 2

By the chain rule,
dx
dy
dy
=
dt
dt dx

= 2(3)

= 6
(a) y = 2x2 +
[( ) ]
( )
27

28

(a) y = 2x2 + 5x + 2
dy
= 4x + 5

dx
dy
When x = 1,
=1
dx

By the chain rule,
dy
dy
dx
=
dt

dt dx
dx
2 = 1
dt

dx
= 2

dt
(b) y = x(x 4)
dy
= 2x 4

dx
dy
When x = 3,
=2
dx

By the chain rule,
dy
dy
dx
=
dt

dt dx
dx
2 = 2
dt

dx
= 1

dt
(c) y = 2x + 3
1
dy
=

dx 2x + 3
dy 1
When x = 3,
=
dx 3

By the chain rule,
dy
dy
dx
=
dt

dt dx
1
dx
2 =
dt

3
dx
= 6

dt
x
(d) y =
x+2
1 1
x
At y = , =
3 3 x + 2

x + 2 = 3x

2x = 2
x = 1
dy 2
=
dx (x + 2)2
dy 2
When x = 1,
=
dx 9

By the chain rule,
dy
dy
dx
=
dt

dt dx
2
dx
2 =
dt

9
dx
= 9

dt
Let A be the area and r the radius.
Then A = r2.
dr
dA
dA
=
By the chain rule,

dt
dt dr

= 2r(4)

= 8r
dA
(a) When r = 2,
= 8(2)
dt

= 16 cm2 s1
(b) When A = 9, r2 = 9

r2 = 9
r = 3(r 0)
dA
= 8(3)
dt

= 24 cm2 s1
29
8
x
dy
8
= 2x 2
x

dx
(b) By the chain rule,
dy
dy
dx
=
dt dx
dt

dy
8 dx
= 2x 2
dt
x dt

dy
If
= 6 when x = 2,
dt
dx
6 = 2
dt

dx
= 3 units s1
dt

30

31

32

(a) y = x2 +
Let A be the total surface area and x

the length of its side.
Then A = 6x2
By the chain rule,
dA
dA
dx
=
dt
dt dx
= 12x(3)
= 36x
dx
as
= 3 cm s1
dt

When volume = 64, x3 = 64

x = 4
dA
= 36(4)
dt

= 144 cm2 s1
Let V be the volume and r the radius,

4
then V = r3.
3
By the chain rule,
dV
dV
dr
=
dt dr
dt
dr
8 = 4r2
dt
dr
8
=
2
dt 4r
2
dV
=
as
= 8 cm3 s1
dt
r2
When A = 16, 4r2 = 16

r2 = 4

r = 2 (r 0)
dr
2
=
dt (2)2
1
=
cm s1

2
Let A be the area and x the length of

its side. Then A = x2.
By the chain rule,
dA
dx
dA
=
dt
dt dx
dx
12 = 2x
dt
6
dA
dx
= 12 cm2 s1
=
as
dt
dt x
When A = 9, x 2 = 9

x = 3 (x 0)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
dx
6
=
dt 3
= 2 cm s1
1
xy
2
1
=
x(4x x2)

2
1 2 3
= (4x x )

2
(b) If x increases at a rate of 2 units
dx
per second, then
= 2.
dt
dA
dA
dx
=
dt dx
dt

1
=
(8x 3x2)(2)

2

= 8x 3x2

= x(8 3x)

(i) When x = 2,
dA
= 2[8 3(2)]
dt

= 4 unit2 s1

(ii) When x = 3
dA
= 2[8 3(3)]
dt

= 2(1)

= 2 unit2 s1
34
(a)
33

(a) A =
10
50
From the diagram,

r
x
=
10 50

x
r =

5

The volume of the water in the
container is:
1
V = r2x

3
1 x 2
=
x

3 5
2
1
x
=
x

3 25
1
=
x3 (shown)

75
dV
dV dx
=
(b)
dt
dt dx
1
dx
18 =
x2
dt

25
dx
450
=
dt x2

dx
450
When x = 3,
=
dt (3)2

50
=
cm s1

()
( )
( )

(b) When y = 4, x = 2

y = 4.05 4

= 0.05
dy
= 20
dx

dy
Then y
x

dx

0.05 20 x

x 0.0025
36
(a)
y = x3 + 1
3x2
dy
=
dx 2 x3 + 1

(b) When x= 2, x = 2.02 2

= 0.02
dy
and
= 2
dx

dy
Then y
x

dx

2(0.02)

0.04
37
(a)
y = 2x3 7x2 + 15
dy
= 6x2 14x
dx

(b) When x = 2, x = 2.01 2

= 0.01
dy
and
= 6(2)2 14(2)
dx

= 24 28

= 4
dy
Then y
x

dx

4(0.01)

0.04
38
(a)

39

y = 4x3 7x2
dy
= 12x2 14x
dx
dy
= 12(2)2 14(2)
dx
= 20
(a)
35
1
y =
3x + 1
dy
3
=
dx (3x + 1)2

dy
3
When x = 3,
=
dx
100

(b) The approximate change in y,
y dy x

dx
3
(p)

100
3p

100
3x + 2
y =
x+2
dy
3(x + 2) (3x + 2)
=
(x + 2)2
dx
4
=
(x + 2)2
When x = 2, x = 2 + p 2

= p
dy
1
and
=
dx 4

10
dy
Then y
x
dx
1
(p)

4
p
40
(a)
9
x
dy
9
= 3 + 2
dx
x

(b) When x = 3, x = 3 + p 3

= p
dy
9
and
= 3 + 2
dx
(3)

= 4
dy
Then y
x

dx

4p
y = 3x
4
V = r3
3
dV
= 4r2
dr
When r = 4, r = 3.8 4

= 0.2
dV
and
= 4(4)2
dr

= 64
dV
Then V
r
dr

64(0.2)

12.8
42
T = 2
41

l
10
1
2
(l)2
10

1
dT
1 2 2
=
l
10
dl 2
=
10l
When l = 2.5, l = 2.6 2.5

= 0.1
dT
and
=
dl 10(2.5)

=

5
dT
Then T
l
dl
(0.1)

5

0.02
=

y = 1
x
43

( )
= x
1
2
1
dy
= x 2
dx 2
1
= 3
2x2
3
1
10
x = 100.5 100
= 0.5
(a) When x = 100, y =

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

44

dy
1
=
dx 2000
1
1
1
Then
+
2000
100.5 10

(0.5)

0.09975
1
(b) When x = 49, y =
7

x = 49.2 49

= 0.2
dy
1
=
dx
686

1
1
1
Then
+
(0.2)
686
49.2 7

0.14257
1
(c) When x = 25, y =
5

x = 24.05 25

= 0.95
dy
1
=
dx
250

1
1
1
Then
+
24.05 5
250

(0.95)

0.2038
1
(d) When x = 9, y =
3

x = 8.96 9

= 0.04
dy
1
=
dx
54

1
1
1
Then
+
8.96 3
54

(0.04)

0.33407

( )
( )
( )
1
3
y = x
4
dy
1
= x 3
dx
3
1
= 4
3x3

45

(a)

( )

(b)

y =
=
dy
=
dx
2
dy
=
dx2

46
(a)
1
When x = 8, y =
2

x = 8.95 8

= 0.95
dy
1
=
dx
48

1
1
1
Then 3
+
(0.95)
8.95 2
48

0.4802
(c) y = x 5
1
dy
1
= (x 5) 2
dx
2

1
=

2 x5
d 2y
1
=
3
dx2
4(x
5) 2

1
(d) y =
x+1
dy
1
=
(x + 1)2

dx
d 2y
2
=

dx2 (x + 1)3
1
(e) y =
x
dy
= 1 3
dx
2x 2

d 2y
3
=
5
dx2

4x 2
x
(f) y =
x1
dy
(x 1) x
=

dx (x 1)2
1
=
(x 1)2

d 2y
2
=

dx2 (x 1)3
(x + 1)2
x2 + 2x + 1
2x + 2
2
1
x
= x + x1
y = x +
dy
= 1 x2
dx
1
= 1 2
x

2
d 2y
=
dx2 x3

47

y =
dy
=
dx

2
dy
=
dx2

6x 12 =

6x =

x =
(b)
y =
dy
=
dx

2
dy
=
dx2

162
2 4 =
x

2 =

x4 =

x =
(c)
y =
dy
=
dx

d 2y
=
dx2

6(x 2) =

x =
(d)
y =
dy
=
dx

2
dy
=
dx2

6 6x =

x =

48

49

x3 6x2 + 5
3x 12x
d 2y
= 0
dx2
6x 12 = 0
x = 2
dy
= 3(2)2 12(2)
dx
= 12 24
= 12
y = x4 108x
dy
= 0
dx
4x3 108 = 0

4x3 = 108

x3 = 27

x = 3
d 2y
= 12x2
dx2

d 2y
When x = 3, 2 = 12(3)2
dx

= 108
y = x3 2x2 + 3x + 4
dy
= 3x2 4x + 3
dx
d 2y
= 6x 4
dx2
dy
When x = 1,
= 3(1)2 4(1) + 3
dx

= 2
d 2y
When x = 1, 2 = 6(1) 4
dx

= 2
3(x 2)2
1 x2
x
dy
2x(x) (1 x2)
=
dx
x2
x2 1
=
x2
2
dy
2x(x2) 2x(x2 1)
=
dx2
x4
2x
=
x4
2
=
x3
d 2y
dy
2
x2 1
x 2 + 2 + 2 = x 3 + 2
+2
dx
dx
x
x2
2
1
= 2 + 2 1 2 + 2
x

x
2
2
= 22 2+2
x

x

= 0 (shown)
51
(a)
0
2
3x2 x3
50
0
0
12
2
x2 27x2
2x + 54x3
0
162
x4
81
3
(x 2)3
6x 3x
0
1
y = x3 6x2 + 4
dy
= 3x2 12x
dx
11
y =
() ( )
( )
1
x+1
y =
dy
= 1
dx
1
= 1
(x + 1)2
1 = (x + 1)2
x2 + 2x = 0
x(x + 2) = 0
x = 0 or x = 2
1
When x = 0, y =
0+1

= 1
1
When x = 2, y =
2 + 1

= 1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
The coordinates are (0, 1) and

(2, 1).
d 2y
2
(b)
=
dx2 (x + 1)3

d 2y
2
=
dx2 (1 + 1)3

2
=

8
1
=

4
y=
y = 8x1 6x 2
1
dy
= 8x2 3x 2
dx
3
= 82
x
x

dy
8
At x = 4,
= 2
dx
(4)
1 3
=
2 2

= 2
(a) y = x 2 + x 2
dy
1 1 1 3
= x 2 x 2
2

dx 2
1
1
=
3

2 x
2x 2
(x + 1)2
(b) y =
x

x2 + 2x + 1
=
x

= x + 2 + x1
dy
= 1 x2

dx
1

= 1 2
x
a
+ bx2
x
At the point (3, 6), 6 =

3
4
a
+ b(3)2
3
a + 27b = 18 1
dy
and
= 7
dx
a
2 + 2bx = 7
x
a
At the point (3, 6), + 6b = 7
9
a + 54b = 63 2
1 + 2 : 81b = 81

b = 1
a + 27(1) = 18

a = 9
a = 9, b = 1
y =
x2
x2
2x(x 2) x2
dy
=
dx (x 2)2
2x2 4x x2
(x 2)2
x2 4x
=
(x 2)2
dy
For turning points,
= 0
dx
2
x 4x
= 0

(x 2)2

x(x 4) = 0

x = 0 or x = 4
When x = 0, y = 0
42
When x = 4, y =
42

= 8
The turning points are (0, 0) and (4, 8)

3x
y =
2x 3
dy
9
=
4
dx
3(2x 3) 2(3x)
=
(2x 3)2

9
=
(2x 3)2

(2x 3)2 = 4
4x2 12x + 9 = 4
4x2 12x + 5 = 0
(2x 1)(2x 5) = 0
1
5
x = or x =
2
2
9
4
9
4
2x + 1
x2 + 2
At y-axis, x = 0
2(0) + 1
y =

02 + 2
1
=

2
1 1 2x + 1
When y = , = 2
2 2 x +2

x2 + 2 = 4x + 2

x2 4x = 0

x(x 4) = 0

x = 0 or x = 4
dy
2(x2 + 2) 2x(2x + 1)
=
dx
(x2 + 2)2
2x2 + 4 4x2 2x
=
(x2 + 2)2

4 2x 2x2
=

(x2 + 2)2
dy
4 2(0) 2(0)2
When x = 0,
=
dx
(02 + 2)2

= 1
4 2(4) 2(4)2
dy
When x = 4,
=
dx
(42 + 2)2
36
=
324

1

=
9
y=
(a) y
dy

dx

= (x + 6)7(x 9)8
=

=

=
=
(x + 6)6(x 9)7 [7(x 9)

+ 8(x + 6)]
(x + 6)6 (x 9)7 (7x 63
+ 8x + 48)
(x + 6)6(x 9)7(15x 15)
15(x 1)(x + 6)6(x 9)7
12
dy
(b)
= 0
dx

6
7

15(x 1)(x + 6) (x 9) = 0

x = 1, x = 6, x = 9

8

9

10
( )
( )( )
2 8
x
dy
2 7
2
= 8 x2 +
2x 2
x
x
dx
dy
When x = 1,
= 8(3)7(0)
dx

= 0
y =
x2 +
y = (2x 3)3
dy
= 6
dx
3(2x 3)2(2) = 6
6(2x 3)2 = 6
4x2 12x + 9 = 1
4x2 12x + 8 = 0
x2 3x + 2 = 0
(x 1)(x 2) = 0
x = 1 or x = 2
When x = 1, y = [2(1) 3]3

= 1
When x = 2, y = [2(2) 3]2

= 1
(1, 1) and (2, 1)
y =
dy
=
dx
=
=
=
(2x + 3)3(x 4)
3(2x + 3)2(2)(x 4) + (2x + 3)3

6(x 4)(2x + 3)2 + (2x + 3)3
(2x + 3)2[6(x 4) + (2x + 3)]
(2x + 3)2(8x 21)
dy
Compare with
= (2x + 3)2(mx + n)
dx
m = 8, n = 21
11
(a)

12

y = (1 + x)(1 + x )
dy
= 1 + x + 1 (1 + x)
dx
2 x
= 2 x + 2x + 1 + x

2 x
= 1 + 3x + 1

2 x
2 x
3 x
= 1 +
+ 1
2

2 x
(b) y = x(1 + 3x)5
dy
= (1 + 3x)5 + 5(1 + 3x)4(3)(x)
dx

= (1 + 3x)5 + 15x(1 + 3x)4

= (1 + 3x)4 [(1 + 3x) + 15x]

= (1 + 3x)4(18x + 1)

(a) y = 4x + x1
dy
= 4 x2

dx
1

= 4 2
x
1
(b) y = 4x +
x

At the point where x = 2,
1
y = 4(2) +
2

17
=

2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
dy
1
= 4 2
dx
2
15
=

4
17
15
y
=
(x 2)
2 4
4y 34 = 15x 30
4y 15x = 4
At x = 2,
13
(a) y = 3x2 8x + 7
dy
For a minimum point,
= 0

dx

6x 8 = 0

6x = 8
4

x =
3
(b) At x = 2, y = 3(2)2 8(2) + 7

= 3
dy

and
= 6(2) 8
dx

= 4

1
y 3 = (x 2)
4

4y 12 = x + 2

4y + x = 14
17
(a)
y = x2 x + 3
dy
= 3
dx
2x 1 = 3
2x = 2
x = 1
When x = 1, y = (1)2 (1) + 3

= 5
At the point (1, 5), 3(5) (1) = c

c = 16
15
(a)
dy
= 2
dx

2x 2 = 2

2x = 4

x = 2

When x = 2, y = 22 2(2) + 2

= 4 4 + 2

= 2

A(2, 2)
(b) At the point (2, 2),

2 = 2(2) + c

c = 2 4

c = 2
16
(a) y =
14
2x 4
x+2
2(x + 2) (2x 4)
dy
=
(x + 2)2
dx
8
=
(x + 2)2
8
dy
At x = 6,
=
dx (6 + 2)2
8
=

16
1
=

2
Equation of the normal at A:
y 4 = 2(x + 6)
y 4 = 2x 12
y + 2x = 8

18
2x 4
1
x + 2
2
y = 2x 8
(b) y =
2x 4
2x 8 =
x+2
2x2 12x 16 = 2x 4
2x2 + 14x + 12 = 0
x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
(x + 6)(x + 1) = 0
x = 6 or x = 1
y = 2(1) 8
= 2 8
= 6
B(1, 6)
1
2x + 3
dy
2
=
dx
(2x + 3)2

dy
k
Compare with
=
dx (2x + 3)2

k = 2
(b) At the point (1, 1),
dy
2
=
dx [2(1) + 3]2

= 2

1
y 1 = (x + 1)

2

2y 2 = x + 1

2y x = 3
y =
2x 8
y =
x+2
dy
2(x + 2) (2x 8)
=
dx
(x + 2)2

12
=

(x + 2)2
dy
k
Compare with
=
dx (x + 2)2

k = 12
(b) At x-axis, y = 0
2x 8
0 =

x+2

2x = 8

x = 4

P(4, 0)

At y-axis, x = 0
2(0) 8
y =

0+2

= 4

Q(0, 4)

At point P(4, 0),
dy
12
=
dx (4 + 2)2

12
=

36
1
=

3

Equation of the normal at P:

y = 3(x 4)

y = 3x + 12

y + 3x = 12

At y-axis, x = 0
(a)
13
y + 3(0) = 12

y = 12
R(0, 12)
The length of RQ = 12 + 4

= 16 units
x+6
x2

At x-axis, y = 0
x+6
0=
x2

x = 6

A(6, 0)

At y-axis, x = 0
6
y =
2

= 3

B(0, 3)
dy
x 2 (x + 6)
(b)
=
(x 2)2
dx
8
=
(x 2)2

dy
8
At point B(0, 3),
=
(2)2

dx

= 2

Equation of the normal at B:
1
y + 3 = x

2
1
y = x 3

2

At x-axis, y = 0
1
x = 3

2

x = 6

C(6, 0)
6
3
Midpoint of BC =
,
2

2
3
= 3,
2

20
y =
19

21

(a) y =
( )
( )
1
3 1x
= x 3
dy
1 4
= x 3
3
dx
1
=
4
3x 3

1
1
=
3
8 2

x = 7.9 8

= 0.1
dy
1
and
=
4

dx
3(8) 3
1
=
48

1
1
+ 48 (0.1)
Then 1
3
7.9 2

0.5021
When x = 8, y =
( )
y = x3
dy
= 3x2
dx
(a) When x = 1, x = 1.05 1

= 0.05
dy
and
= 3(1)2
dx

= 3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
y dy x
dx

3(0.05)

0.15
When y = 27, x3 = 27

x = 3

y = 26.8 27

= 0.2
dy
and
= 3(3)2
dx

= 27
Then
y dy x
dx

0.2 27 x

x 0.00741
Then

(b)

22
y =

23

24

3x2
x+1
dy
6x(x + 1) 3x2
=
(x + 1)2
dx
3x2 + 6x
=
(x + 1)2
3x(x + 2)
=
(x + 1)2
By the chain rule,
dy
dy
dx
=
dt
dt dx
3x(x + 2) dx
=
(x + 1)2 dt
dy
If
= 4 when x = 2
dt
8 dx
4 =

3 dt
dx
12
=
dt 8

3
=
units per second

2
()
Let A be the area and r the radius.

Then A = r2
By the chain rule,
dA
dA
dr
=
dt
dt dr
dr
5 = 2r
dt

dr
5
=
dt 2r
2.5
=
r
When the circumference = 40 cm

2r = 40
40
r =

2
20
=

2.5
dr
=
dt
20

= 0.125 cm s1
( )
Let V be the volume of sphere and r

the radius, then
4

V = r3
3
dV
= 4r2
dr
When r = 10, r = 9.98 10
and

25
(a) y = x + 5x2
dy
= 1 10x3

dx
10
= 1 3
x

dy
10
When x = 4,
= 1 3
dx
(4)

27
=

32
dy
dy
dx
(b)
=
dt
dt dx
27 dx
2.7 =

32 dt
dx
= 3.2 units per second
dt

30

( )
5
1 3x
dy
15
=

dx (1 3x)2
(b) When x = 2, x =

=
dy
and
=
dx

26
= 0.02
dV
= 4(10)2
dr
= 400
V dV r
dr
400 (0.02)
25.133
(a) y =
Then

28
lim
x2
[
( )
x2 2x
x(x 2)
= lim
x2 4 x 2 (x + 2)(x 2)
x
= lim
x2 x + 2

2
=

2+2
2
=

4
1
=

2
29
(a) For turning point,
dy
= 0
dx

6x2 + 2px = 0
54 6p = 0

6p = 54

p = 9
19 = 2(3)3 + 9(3)2 + q
14
32
(a) mAB =
( )
7
1+
x
x2 + 7x
27 lim 2
= lim
x
x 5 x 1 5
x2
1+0
=

10

= 1
(a) y = x3 3x2 + 4
dy
= 3x2 6x

dx
dy
(b) For turning points,
= 0
dx

3x2 6x = 0

3x(x 2) = 0

x = 0 or x = 2

When x = 0, y = 4

B(0, 4)

When x = 2, y = 23 3(2)2 + 4

= 0

A(2, 0)
(a) A(2, 3) and B(1, 0)

3
mAB =

1

= 3

3px2 3 = 3

At the point A(2, 3),

12p 3 = 3

12p = 6
1
p =

2
1
y = x3 3x + q
2

At the point A(2, 3),
1
3 = (2)3 3(2) + q

2

3 = 4 6 + q

q = 5
1

p = , q = 5
2
(b) The equation of the normal at A:
1
y 3 = (x 2)
3

3y 9 = x + 2

3y + x = 11
(c) At x-axis, y = 0

3(0) + x = 11

x = 11

C(11, 0)
31
2+p2
p
15
25
3
=
5
y dy x
dx
3
p
5
19 = 27 + q
q = 8
p = 9, q = 8
d 2y
(b)
= 12x + 18
dx2
d 2y
When x = 3, 2 = 12(3) + 18
dx

= 18 0

(3, 19) is a maximum point

12
4

= 3

2x 9 = 3

2x = 6

x = 3

When x = 3, y = 32 9(3) + 18

= 0

P(3, 0)
(b) Equation of the normal at P:
1
y = (x 3)

3

3y = x 3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(c) y = x2 9x + 18 1

x = 3y + 3 2

y = (3y + 3)2 9(3y + 3) + 18
y = 9y2 + 18y + 9 27y 27 + 18
9y2 10y = 0
y(9y 10) = 0
10
y = 0 or y =
9
10
Substitute y =
into 2 :
9
10
x = 3
+3
9
19
=
3
19 10
Q
,
3 9
( )
(a) y = x2 3x + 4
dy
= 2x 3

dx

At the point P(1, 2),
dy
= 2(1) 3
dx

= 1

Equation of the tangent at P:

y 2 = 1(x 1)

y 2 = x + 1

y + x = 3
(b) At the point Q(3, 4),
dy
= 2(3) 3

dx

= 3

Equation of the normal at Q(3, 4):
1
y 4 = (x 3)
3

3y 12 = x + 3

3y + x = 15
(c) y + x = 3 1

3y + x = 15 2
33

34

2 1 : 2y = 12

y = 6
6 + x = 3

x = 3
R(3, 6)
b
(a) y = ax +
x
dy
b
= a 2
x

dx
1
dy
At P(3, 5) ,
=

dx 3
1
b
a =
9 3

9a b = 3 1
b
and
5 = 3a +
3

9a + b = 15 2

1 + 2 : 18a = 18

a = 1


9 b = 3

b = 6

a = 1, b = 6
(b)

6
x
xy = x2 + 6 1
y = x +
y = 14 3x 2
35
(a) A(1, 2) and B(0, 1)

3
mAB =

1

= 3

At A(1, 2), 3ax2 6 = 3

3a 6 = 3

3a = 9

a = 3

and 2 = 3(1)3 6(1) + b

2 = 3 + b

b = 5

a = 3, b = 5
(b) Let C be (x, 0),
1
mAC =
3

2
1
=
1 x 3

6 = 1 + x

x = 7

C(7, 0)
(c) Area of ABC
1 1 0 7 1
=

2 2 1 0 2
1
=
(1 + 14 + 7)

2
1
= (20)

2

= 10 unit2

36

x(14 3x) = x2 + 6
14x 3x2 = x2 + 6
4x2 14x + 6 = 0
2x2 7x + 3 = 0
(2x 1)(x 3) = 0
1
x = or x = 3
2
1
2
1
y = 14 3
2
25
=
2
1 25
Q
,
2 2
()
4
V = r3
3
dV
= 4r2
dr
(a) When r = 16, r = 15.9 16

= 0.1
dV
= 4(16)2
and
dr

= 1024
dV
r
Then
dV

dr

1024(0.1)

102.4
(b) By the chain rule,
dr
dV
dV
=
dt

dt dr
15
1000 = 4r2
dr
dt
37
4
(a) V = r3
3
dV
= 4r2

dr

By the chain rule,
dV
dV
dr
=
dt

dt dr
dV
2
= 4r (0.25)

dt
dV
When r = 4,
= 64(0.25)

dt

= 16 cm3 s1
(b) A = 4r2
dA
= 8r

dr

By the chain rule,
dA
dA
dr
=
dt dr
dt

= 8r (0.25)
dA
When r = 4,
= 32(0.25)

dt
= 8 cm2 s1

38
(a)
dr
1000
=
dt 4r2
dA
1000
When r = 5,
=
dt 100
10
=
cm s1

10
x
From the diagram,

r
5
=

x 10
1
r = x

2

The volume of water in the cone,
1
V = r2x

3
1 1 2
= x x

3 2
1 3

=
x (shown)
12
1
(b) V =
x3
12
dV
1
= x2
dx 4

When x = 4, x = 4.05 4

= 0.05
dV
1
and
= (4)2
dx 4

= 4
Then
V = dV x

dx

= 4 (0.05)

= 0.2 cm3
( )
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
39
(a)
1 3
x
3
V =
dV
= x2
dx
By the chain rule,
dV
dV dx
=
dt dx
dt

dx
25 = x2
dt

dx
25
=
dt x2

dx
25
When x = 5,
=
dt 25

1
=
cm s1

(b) A = x2
dA
= 2x

dx

By the chain rule,
dA
dA dx
=
dt dx
dt

1
= 2x

= 2x
dA
When x = 5,
= 2(5)
dt

= 10 cm2 s1
40
(a)
()
V = 2x2 + 16x
dV
= 4x + 16
dx

By the chain rule,
dV
dV dx
=
dt

dt dx
dx
12 = (4x + 16)
dt

dx
12
When x = 2,
=
dt 24

1
=
cm s1

2
(b) 12 = (4x + 16)(0.2)

4x + 16 = 60

4x = 44

x = 11 cm
c
y = 2
(x + 1)3

y = c(x2 + 1)3
dy
= 3c(x2 + 1)4(2x)
dx

6cx
= 2
(x + 1)4

(b) When x = 1, x = 1 + p 1

= p
6c
dy
and
=
16
dx

3c
=
8

dy
x
Then
y

dx
3c
3
p (p)
4
8

c 2
42

(a) 50x + 2y = 480

25x + y = 240

y = 240 25x
41

(a)

(b)
43
(a)
1
(24x)(5x)
2
= 24x(240 25x) + 60x2
= 5760x 600x2 + 60x2
= 5760x 540x2 (shown)
For maximum value of A,
dA
= 0
dx

5760 1080x = 0
16
x =
3

d 2A
and so, 2 = 1080
dx
A is maximum.
16
When x = ,
3
16
y = 240 25
3
2
= 106
3

Hence, the maximum area,
16
16 2
A = 5760
540
3
3
= 15 360 cm2
A = 24xy +
( )
( ) ( )
44

45

(a) 2r + r = 16

r = 16 2r
= 16 2r
r

1 2
A = r

2
1 16 2r
= r2
r

2
1
= r(16 2r)

2

= 8r r2

= r(8 r) (shown)
dA
(b)
= 8 2r
dr
dA
dA
dr
=
dt dr
dt

= (8 2r)(0.05)
dA
When r = 3,
= 2(0.05)
dt

= 0.1 cm2 s1
y
Q
45
10 x
From the diagram,

y
= tan 45

10 x

y = 10 x

Area of PQRS,

A = 2xy

= 2x(10 x) (shown)
dA
= 0
dx

20 4x = 0

4x = 20

x = 5
d 2A
and so 2 = 4 0
dx

Hence, the maximum area is
2(5)(10 5) = 50 cm2.
(a) 2y + 2x + x = 200

2y = 200 2x x
1
y = 100 x x
2

1
A = 2xy + x2
2

1
1
= 2x 100 x x + x2
2
2

1
= 200x 2x2 x2 + x2
2

1

= 200x 2x2 x2 (shown)
2
dA
= 0
dx

16
200 4x x = 0

x(4 + ) = 200
200
x =

4+

= 28
d 2A
and so 2 = 7.142 0
dx
Hence the maximum area,
1
A = 200(28) 2(28)2 (28)2
2
= 5600 1568 1232
= 2800 cm2
(a) s = r
ds
= r

d
ds
ds
d
=
dt

dt d
d
2 = r
dt

46

When r = 16, 2 = 16
d
dt
d 1 radian per second

=
dt 8
1
(b) A = r2
2
dA
1
= r2
d 2

dA
dA d
=
dt d
dt

1 2 d
= r

2 dt

When r = 16,
dA
1
1
= (16)2
dt 2
8

= 16 cm2 s1

()
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
10 Solution of Triangles
Booster Zone
1 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
6
x
=
sin 40 sin 15
6 sin 40
x =
sin 15
= 14.9 cm
12
x
=
sin 40 sin 120
12 sin 40
x=
sin 120
= 8.91 cm
5.5
8.5
=
sin 123 sin
5.5 sin 123
sin =
8.5
= 0.5427
= 32 52'
7
4
=
sin 110 sin QPR
4 sin 110
sin QPR =
7
= 0.5370
QPR = 32 29'
= 180 (110 + 32 29')
= 37 31'
2 (a)
(b)
8
15
=
sin 10 sin
15 sin 10
sin =
8
= 0.3256
= 19, 161
= 161
4 (a)
25
B'
9
5
=
sin 25 sin ABC
9 sin 25
sin ABC =
5
= 0.7607
ABC = 49 32'
AB'C = 180 49 32'
= 130 28'
(b)
B
6 cm
A
12 cm
20
14 cm
8 cm
8
14
=
sin 20 sin ABC
14 sin 20
sin ABC =
8
= 0.5985
ABC = 36 46', 143 14'
AB'C = 143 14'
5 cm
B'
15
C
9
x
=
sin 75 sin 70
9 sin 75
x=
sin 70
= 9.25 cm
8
5
=
sin 25 sin
8 sin 25
sin =
5
= 0.6762
= 42 33', 137 27'
= 137 27'
9 cm
B'
C
3 (a)
5
10
(e)
=
sin 160 sin PRQ
5 sin 160
sin PRQ =
10
= 0.1710
PRQ = 9 51'
= 180 (160 + 9 51')
= 10 9'
(f)
(d)
20
16
=
sin 20 sin
20 sin 20
sin =
16
= 0.4275
= 25 19', 154 41'
= 154 41'
9
5
(d)
=
sin 8 sin
9 sin 8
sin =
5
= 0.2505
= 14 30', 165 30'
= 165 30'
(c)
6
12
=
sin 15
sin ABC
12 sin 15
sin ABC =
6
= 0.5176
ABC = 31 10', 148 50'
AB'C = 148 50'
(b)
6
10
=
sin 130 sin RQS
6 sin 130
sin RQS =
10
= 0.4596
RQS = 27 22'
10
PR
=
sin 115
sin 42 22'
10 sin 42 22'
PR =
sin 115
= 7.44
PS = 7.44 6
= 1.44 cm
6
12
=
sin 85 sin QRS
6 sin 85
sin QRS =
12
= 0.4981
QRS = 29 52'
RQS = 180 (85 + 29 52')
= 65 8'
6
PQ
(b)
=
sin 95 sin 50
6 sin 95
PQ =
sin 50
= 7.8 cm
5 (a)
6 (a) x2 = 82 + 102 2(8)(10) cos 160

= 314.351
x = 314.351
= 17.73 cm
(c)
16 cm
10
B'
A
7 cm
B
16
7
=
sin 10 sin ABC
16 sin 10
sin ABC =
7
= 0.3969
ABC = 23 23', 156 37'
AB'C = 156 37'
(b) x2 = 42 + 92 2(4)(9) cos 110

= 121.625
x = 121.625
= 11.03 cm
(c) x2 = 72 + 92 2(7)(9) cos 115
= 183.25
x = 183.25
= 13.54 cm
(d) x2 = 52 + 122 2(5)(12) cos 135
= 253.853
x = 253.853
= 15.93 cm
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
7 (a) 172 = 82 + 122 2(8)(12) cos

82 + 122 172
cos =
2(8)(12)
= 0.4219
= 114 57'
(b) 162 = 142 + 202 2(14)(20) cos
142 + 202 162
cos =
2(14)(20)
= 0.6071
= 52 37'
1
(3)(4.5) sin 70
2
= 6.34 cm2
(b) A =
(d)
8 (a) BD2 = 62 + 102 2(6)(10) cos 50

= 58.865
BD = 58.865
= 7.67 cm
(b) 92 = 52 + 7.672 2(5)(7.67)
cos BDC
52 + 7.672 92
cos BDC =
2(5)(7.67)
= 0.0369
BDC = 87 54', 92 6'
BDC = 92 6'
9 (a)
9
10
=
sin 54 sin PQR
sin PQR = 10 sin 54
9
= 0.8989
PQR = 64 1'
QPR = 180 (54 + 64 1')
= 61 59'
1
A = (9)(10) sin 61 59'
2
= 39.73 cm2
(e) 22 = 42 + 52 2(4)(5) cos PRQ

42 + 52 22
cos PRQ =
2(4)(5)
= 0.925
PRQ = 22 20'
1
A=
(4)(5) sin 22 20'
2
= 3.8 cm2
(f) 122 = 62 + 92 2(6)(9) cos ABC
62 + 92 122
cos ABC =
2(6)(9)
= 0.25
ABC = 104 29'
1
A=
(6)(9) sin 104 29'
2
= 26.14 cm2
12 (a)
4
QS
=
sin 15
sin 145
4 sin 145
QS =
sin 15
= 8.87 cm
10 (a) AC =
=
AC =
=
(b)
16.162 = 102 + 172 2(10)(17) cos

102 + 172 16.162
cos =
2(10)(17)
= 0.3760
= 67 55'
1
A=
(10)(17) sin 67 55'
2
= 78.76 cm2
5 cm
2 + 5 2(2)(5) cos 110

35.84
35.84
5.99 cm
8
5.99
=
sin ADC sin 80
5.99 sin 80
sin ADC =
8
= 0.7374
ADC = 47 30'
ACD = 180 (80 + 47 30')
= 52 30'
1
(4)(9) sin 130
2
= 13.79 cm2
11 (a) A =
C
17 cm
9.612 = 12.52 + 172 2(12.5)(17)

cos
12.52 + 172 9.612
cos =
2(12.5)(17)
= 0.8303
= 33 52'
(b) Area of ACT
1
=
(12.5)(17) sin 33 52'
2
= 59.18 cm2
14 (a)
12
13
12
5
= 2.4
VCW = 67 23'
tan VCW =
1
(10)(13)
2
sin 67 23'
= 60 cm2
(b) Area of AVC =
13 cm
13.42 cm
132 = 52 + 13.422 2(5)(13.42)

cos
2
2
2
cos = 5 + 13.42 13
2(5)(13.42)
= 0.2690
= 74 23'
1
A=
(5)(13.42) sin 74 23'
2
= 32.31 cm2
SPM Appraisal Zone
17 cm
(b)
2
9.61 cm
16.16 cm
10 cm
(b) 8.872 = 82 + 122 2(8)(12) cos

QRS
82 + 122 8.872
cos QRS =
2(8)(12)
= 0.6736
QRS = 47 39'
T
12.5 cm
1
(c) A =
(5)(6.2) sin 33
2
= 8.44 cm2
(c) 72 = 62 + 92 2(6)(9) cos

62 + 92 72
cos =
2(6)(9)
= 0.6296
= 50 59'
(d) 202 = 72 + 182 2(7)(18) cos
72 + 182 202
cos =
2(7)(18)
= 0.1071
= 96 9'
13 (a)
1 (a)
6
4
=
sin 85 sin ADC
4 sin 85
sin ADC =
6
= 0.6641
ADC = 41 37'
CAD = 180 (85 + 41 37')
= 53 23'
(b) 42 = 22 + 32 2(2)(3) cos ABC

22 + 32 42
cos ABC =
2(2)(3)
= 0.25
ABC = 104 29'
(c) Area of ABC
1
=
(2)(3) sin 104 29'
2
= 2.91 cm2
Area of CAD
1
=
(4)(6) sin 53 23'
2
= 9.63 cm2
Area of ABCD = 2.91 + 9.63
= 12.54 cm2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(b)
tan =
5
8.76 =
sin 110 sin QSR
5 sin 110
sin QSR =
8.76
= 0.5364
QSR = 32 26'
8 cm
1
(7)(9) sin 65
2
= 28.55 cm2
Area of RQS
1
=
(8.761)(5) sin 37 34'
2
= 13.35 cm2
Area of PQRS = 28.55 + 13.35
= 41.9 cm2
8
6
= 1.3333
= 53 8'
tan =
5
6.7
(b)
=
sin 60 sin RPS
5 sin 60
sin RPS =
6.7
= 0.6463
RPS = 40 15'
PRS = 180 (60 + 40 15')
= 79 45'
1
(6)(8) sin 55
2
= 19.66 cm2
(c) Area of PQR =
12.81 cm
A
16 cm
(c) Area of ATB

1
= (12.81)(12.81) sin 77 17'
2
= 80 cm2
(ii)
P
8 cm
6 cm
R
6.7
8
=
sin 55 sin PRQ
8 sin 55
sin PRQ =
6.7
= 0.9781
PRQ = 77 59'
PR'Q = 180 77 59'
= 102 1'
17.09 cm
(i)
(ii)
5.182 = 922 + 112 2(9)

(11) cos QPS
92 + 112 5.182
cos QPS =
2(9)(11)
= 0.8847
QPS = 27 48'
Area of RQS
= 1 (5.18)(10) sin 45
2
= 18.3 cm2
Area of PQRS
= 23.09 + 18.3
= 41.39 cm2
Area of ABCD
= 23.01 + 12.12
= 35.13 cm2
(b)
10
QS
=
sin 30 sin 105
10 sin 30
QS =
sin 105
= 5.18 cm
(iii) Area of QPS

1
=
(9)(11) sin 27 48'
2
= 23.09 cm2
Area of BCD
1
=
(4)(7) sin 60
2
= 12.12 cm2
(b)
(i)
27 48'
9 cm
(i)
41 8'
Q'
S
8 cm
7 (a)
8
6.08
=
sin 30 sin ADB
8 sin 30
sin ADB =
6.08
= 0.6579
ADB = 41 8'
Area of ABCD = 60 + 96.96

= 156.96 cm2
(iii) Area of ABD

1
=
(6.08)(8) sin 108 52'
2
= 23.01 cm2
R'
Q
28
11.33
=
sin 20 sin BDC
28 sin 20
sin BDC =
11.33
= 0.8452
BDC = 57 41'
BDC = 180 57 41'
= 122 19'
(d) Area of CBD

1
=
(11.33)(28) sin 37 41'
2
= 96.96 cm2
(i) BD2 = 42 + 72 2(4)(7) cos 60

= 37
BD = 6.08 cm
Area of PQRS
= 19.66 + 16.48
= 36.14 cm2
(i)
162 = 12.812 + 12.812 2(12.81)

(12.81) cos ATB
cos ATB
12.812 + 12.812 162
=
2(12.81)(12.81)
= 0.22
ATB = 77 17'
5 (a)
Area of PRS
1
=
(5)(6.7) sin 79 45'
2
= 16.48 cm2
(c)
(b)
1
(12)(20) sin BAD = 60
2
60
sin BAD =
120
= 0.5
BAD = 30
(b) BD2 = 122 + 202 2(12)(20) cos 30

= 128.308
BD = 11.33 cm
6 cm
3 (a) PR2 = 62 + 82 2(6)(8) cos 55

= 44.937
PR = 6.7 cm
4 (a)
6 (a)
(ii)
(c) Area of QPS =
(d)
(ii) AD'B = 180 41 8'

= 138 52'
8
17.09
= 0.4681
= 25 5'
2 (a) QS2 = 72 + 92 2(7)(9) cos 65

= 76.75
QS = 8.76 cm
D'
30
8 cm
6.08 cm
B
5.18 cm
Q
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(ii)
9
5.18
=
sin 27 48' sin PQS
sin PQS = 9 sin 27 48'
5.18
= 0.8103
PQS = 54 7'
PQ'S = 180 54 7'
= 125 53'
PSQ = 180 (27 48'
+ 125 53')
= 26 19'
9 (a)
(i) PR2 = 92 + 182 2(9)(18)

cos 120
= 567
PR = 23.81 cm
(ii)
(iii) Area of PQR

1
= (9)(18) sin 120
2
= 70.15 cm2
Area of PQ'S
1
= (5.18)(9) sin 26 19'
2
= 10.33 cm2
Area of PRS
1
=
(6)(23.81) sin 112 24'
2
= 66.04 cm2
8 (a) CD2 = 182 + 242 2(18)(24) cos 30

= 151.754
CD = 12.32 cm
(b) 12.322 = 19.312 + 252 2(19.31)
(25) cos CAD
19.312 + 252 12.322
cos CAD =
2(19.31)(25)
= 0.8763
CAD = 28 48'
6
23.81
=
sin 12
sin RSP
23.81 sin 12
sin RSP =
6
= 0.8251
RSP = 55 36'
Area of PQRS
= 70.15 + 66.04
= 136.19 cm2
(b)
(i)
12
124 24'
(c) Area of CAD

1
= (19.31)(25) sin 28 48'
2
= 116.28 cm2
23.81 cm
S'
(ii)
10 (a)
6
PS'
=
sin 43 36' sin 12
PS' = 6 sin 43 36'
sin 12
= 19.9 cm
1
(8)(12) sin PQS = 24
2
sin PQS = 0.5
PQS = 30
(b) PS2 = 82 + 122 2(8)(12) cos 30

= 41.723
PS = 6.46 cm
(c)
13
8
=
sin 20 sin QRS
sin QRS = 8 sin 20
13
= 0.2105
QRS = 12 9'
(d) Area of QSR

1
= (8)(13) sin 147 51'
2
= 27.67 cm2
Area of PQRS = 24 + 27.67
= 51.67 cm2
55 36'
R 6 cm S
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
11 Index Number
7.8
100 = 104
q
7.80 100
q=
104
= 7.50
Booster Zone
13 230
100
12 600
= 105
1 I10/08 =
2 I09/07
3 (a) I06/05 =
=
(b) I10/08 =
=
(c) I04/08 =
=
(d) I09/06 =
=
4 (a)
(b)
r
100 = 112
5.00
112 5.00
r=
100
= 5.60
4564
=
100
3260
= 140
840
100
1200
70
1.80
100
1.20
150
2600
100
2000
130
2.10
100
1.50
140
420
100 = 105
P0
420 100
P0 =
105
= RM400
P1
100 = 87.5
1200
87.5 1200
P1 =
100
= RM1050
560
100 = 112
P0
560 100
P0 =
112
= RM500
P1
100 = 125
60
125 60
P1 =
100
= RM75
29
(c)
100 = 145
P0
29 100
P0 =
145
= RM20
P1
100 = 90
80
90 80
P1 =
100
= RM72
11
100
10
= 110
5 p=
(s + 1)
100
s
s+1
0.05s
s
p = 110, q
6
=
=
=
=
=
105
1.05s
1
20
7.50, r = 5.60, s = 20
P08
P
1.26
05 =
1.20
P00
P00
P08
= 1.05
P05
p = 1.05 100
= 105
1.32
P05
= 1.10
P00
P05
1.32
=
1.10
P00
= 1.2
q = 1.2 100
= 120
P08
1.25 = 1.16
P00
P08
= 1.16 1.25
P00
= 1.45
r = 1.45 100
= 145
p = 105, q = 120, r = 145
125(2) + 110(5) + 105(3)

(b) I =
10
1115
=
10
= 111.5
120(4) + 110(3) +
105(2) + 125(1)
9 (a) I09/07 =
10
1145
=
10
= 114.5
115(4) + 104(6) +
105(8) + 110(2)
20
2144
=
20
= 107.2
(b) I09/07 =
105(2) + 115.5(4) +
108(3) + 115(6)
15
1686
=
15
= 112.4
(c) I09/07 =
128(2) + 110(6) +
m + 85(4)
10 (a)
= 105
13
m + 1256 = 1365
m = 109
122(4) + 120m +
132(5) + 86(2)
(b)
m + 11
1320
110m
m
(c)
24
7 x=
100
24
= 100
y
100 = 125
24
125 24
y=
100
= 30
36
100
24
= 150
x = 100, y = 30, z = 150
z=
115(6) + 120(5) + 150(4)

8 (a) I =
15
1890
=
15
= 126
(d)
120(m 2) +
112m + 115(2)
2m
232m 10
2m
m
= 110
= 110m + 1210
= 110
=1
= 115
= 230m
= 10
=5
150(m + 5) +
130(2) + 90m
+ 110(7)
= 125
2m + 14
1780 + 240m = 250m + 1750
10m = 30
m =3
115(2) + 8m +
125(4) + 105(6)
11 (a)
= 116
20
1360 + 8m = 2320
8m = 960
m = 120
(b) I10/05 = 116 1.05

= 121.8
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
110(3) + 105(4) +
115(2) + 140(1)
12 (a) I07/04 =
10
1120
=
10
= 112
y = 1.50 and z = y + 0.30

= 1.50 + 0.30
= 1.80
(c)
120(3) + 125(4) +
115(2) + 130(1)
(b) I09/04 =
10
1220
=
10
= 122
(i)
(ii)
122
(c) I09/07 =
100
112
= 108.93
18.00
100
12.00
= 150
(b)
(c)
(d)
r
100 = 125
7.20
125 7.20
r=
100
=9
150(7) + 140(3) +
125(6) + 110s
s + 16
2220 + 110s
23s
s
= 133
= 133s + 2128
= 92
=4
(b)
110 1.05 = 115.5

112 1.1 = 123.2
124 0.95 = 117.8
115
115.5(2) + 123.2(5)
+ 117.8(5) + 115(2)
(b) I10/06 =
14
1666
=
14
= 119
(c)
150(3) + 125(6) +
120(4) + 112.5(2)
(i) I10/07 =
15
1905
=
15
= 127
(ii)
(b)
3 (a)
P10
100 = 119
2500
119 2500
P10 =
100
= RM2975
(i)
(ii)
x
100 = 125
1.20
125 1.20
x=
100
= 1.50
y + 0.30
100
y
y + 0.3
0.2y
y
= 120
= 1.2y
= 0.3
= 1.50
4.70
100 = 127
P07
4.70 100
P07 =
127
= RM3.70
(c) I11/07 = 127 1.1

= 139.7
SPM Appraisal Zone

1 (a)
125(4) + 150(7)
+ 120(6) + 130m
= 133
m + 17
2270 + 130m = 133m + 2261
3m = 9
m=3
0.90
100
0.60
= 150
y
100 = 125
1.20
125 1.20
y=
100
= 1.50
0.90
100 = 112.5
z
0.90 100
z=
112.5
= 0.80
x = 150, y = 1.50, z = 0.80
28
100 = 140
q
28 100
q =
140
= 20
14 (a) A :
B:
C:
D:
P09
100 = 133
5
133 5
P09 =
100
= RM6.65
2 (a) x =
13 (a) p =
(b)
(i)
4x + 720 = 1240
4x = 520
x = 130
0.50
100 = 125
P06
0.50 100
P06 =
125
= RM0.40
P08
= 1.4
P06
P06
= 1.1
P04
P08
= 1.4 1.1
P04
= 1.54
I08/04 = 1.54 100
= 154
I08/06 = 124
140(2) + 4x
+ 105(3) + 125(1)
= 124
10
(ii)
4 (a)
P08
100 = 124
2.50
124 2.50
P08 =
100
= RM3.10
1.80
100 = 150
x
1.80 100
x =
150
= 1.20
y
100 = 175
0.80
175 0.80
y =
100
= 1.40
1.20
z =
100
1.00
= 120
x = 1.20, y = 1.40, z = 120
130(5) + 150(3) + 175(2)
+ 125(4) + 120(1)
15
2070
=
15
= 138
(b) I07/05 =
(c) Let a = new weightage of banana

b = new weightage of
pineapple
6 + 5 + 2 + a + b = 20
13 + a + b = 20
a + b = 7 ... 1
I = 137
130(6) + 150(5) + 175(2)
+ 125a + 120b
= 137
20
1880 + 125a + 120b = 2740
125a + 120b = 860
25a + 24b = 172 ... 2
1 24 : 24a + 24b = 168 ... 3
2 3 :
a=4
4 +b= 7
b= 3
a = 4, b = 3
4.80
100
4.00
= 120
5 (a) p =
q
100 = 112
2.50
112 2.50
q=
100
= 2.80
2.75
100 = 125
r
r = 2.20
p = 120, q = 2.80, r = 2.20
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

(b) I08/06
120(4) + 112(3) + 125(1)

+ 150(2)
=
10
1241
=
10
= 124.1
P08
(c)
100 = 124.1
2000
124.1 2000
P08 =
100
= RM2482
(i)
(ii)
P04
100 = 120
8.50
120 8.50
P04 =
100
= RM10.20
16.50
100 = 132
P00
16.50 100
P00 =
132
122 000 + 150z = 137z + 123 300

13z = 1300
z = 100
(c)
1.50
1.20
1.32
V :
1.10
1.47
W:
1.05
1.04
X :
1.30
(i) U :
= RM1414
100 = 80
(ii) I10/09 = 110
60
100
50
= 120
y
100 = 140
42
140 42
y=
100
= 58.8
x = 120, y = 58.8
7 (a) x =
(c)
Price
index in
2010
(2008
= 100)
Weightage
Noodles
120
Sweet
potatoes
105
Bean curds
102
Bean
sprouts
104
Onions
110
2.20
100 = 105
P08
P08 = RM2.10
Item
I08/07
Coffee
105
Milk
150
Sugar
125
Cream
150
105(4) + 150(3)
+ 125(2) + 150(1)
(ii) I08/07 =
10
1270
=
10
= 127
9 (a)
Ingredient
P10
100 = 120
1.50
P10 = RM1.80
P10
100 = 111
4.50
111 4.50
P10 =
100
= RM5
P09
100 = 141.4
1000
141.4 1000
P09 =
100
100 = 140
125(2) + 120(3)
+ 140(4) + 80m
(ii)
= 125
m+9
1170 + 80m = 125m + 1125
45m = 45
m=1
(c)
10 (a) (i)
(i) I10/07 = 141.4 1.1

= 155.54
U : 125, V : 120, W : 140,

X : 80
(ii)
1414
10
= 141.4
100 = 125
100 = 120
120(4) + 200(2) + 150(1)

+ 128(3)
=
10
=
(b)
(b) (i)
P10
100 = 137
4100
137 4100
P10 =
100
= RM5617
8 (a) I09/07
= RM12.50
(b)
120(5) + 105(3) + 102(1)

+ 104(2) + 110(4)
15
1665
=
15
= 111
I10/08 =
120(200) + 140(700)
+ 150z
= 137
z + 900
(d) I10/06 = 124.1 1.2

= 148.92
6 (a)
I10/08 = 137
(b)
(b)
(i) I10/08 = 127

(ii)
P10
100 = 127
2500
127 2500
P10 =
100
= RM3175
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
SPM-Cloned Questions
Chapter 1: Functions
1 (a) 7
(b) 2, 3
1
2 h(x) = x m
2
1
Let y = x m
2
1
x=y+m
2
x = 2y + 2m
h1(x) = 2x + 2m
Compare with h1(x) = nx + 6
2m = 6 and n = 2
m=3
m = 3, n = 2
3 h(x) = 3x 5
Let y = 3x 5
3x = y + 5
y+5
x =
3
x+5
h1(x) =
3
x+5
1
gh (x) = g
3
x+5
= 2 1
3
2x + 10 3
=
3
2x + 7
=
3
3
4 (a) k(x) =
4x
3
Let
y =
4x
4y xy = 3
xy = 4y 3
4y 3
x =
y
4x 3
k 1(x) = , x 0
x
1
4 3
2
1
(b) k 1 =
2
1
2
1
=
1
2
= 2
5 (a) Many to one relation.
x2 1
(b) f : x
6 (a) Let y = m(x)
Then y = 2x 5
2x = y + 5

y+5
x =
2
x
+
5
1
m (x) =
2
(b)
7 (a)
(b)
8 (a)
(b)
3 + 5
m1(3) =
2
=1
nm(x) = n(2x 5)
= (2x 5)2 + 3(2x 5) 4
= 4x2 20x + 25 + 6x 15 4
= 4x2 14x + 6
3 and 7
Domain = {3, 5, 7}
Let y = f(x)
Then y = 2x 3
2x = y + 3
y+3
x =
2
x+3
f 1(x) =
2
1
1 x
f g(x) = f + 1
4
x
+1+3
4
=
2
x + 16
4
=
2
x + 16
=
8
1
hg(x) = x + 5
2
1
x
h + 1 = x + 5
2
4
x +1
Let k =
4
x
=k1
4
x = 4k 4
1 (4k 4) + 5
h(k) =
2
= 2k 2 + 5
= 2k + 3
h(x) = 2x + 3
(c)
p = 5 2(9)
= 13
p = 7, q = 1; p = 13, q = 9
2 2x2 + 4x + p = 0
Sum of roots:
+ 3 = 2
4 = 2
1
= 1
2
Product of roots:
p
(3) =
2
p
32 = 2
2
1 2 p
3 =
2
2
3
p
=
4
2
6
p=
4
3
=
2
1
3
1
The roots are and 3 =
2
2
2
3
and p = .
2

x2 + 2k + 10 = x 3kx
x2 + (3k 1)x + 2k + 10 = 0
For two distinct roots,
b2 4ac 0
2
(3k 1) 4(1)(2k + 10) 0
9k2 6k + 1 8k 40 0
9k2 14k 39 0
(9k + 13)(k 3) 0
Chapter 2: Quadratic
Equations
1 Sum of roots:
p+q+q3=2
p + 2q = 5
p = 5 2q 1
Product of roots:
(p + q)(q 3) = 24
pq 3p + q2 3q = 24 2
q(5 2q) 3(5 2q) + q2 3q
5q 2q2 15 + 6q + q2 3q
q2 8q 9
(q + 1)(q 9)
q = 1 or q
p = 5 2(1)
=7
13

9
13
k or k 3
9
4
x2 + 6x + a = 2x + 1
x + 4x + a 1 = 0
For the line not to intersect the curve,
b2 4ac 0
42 4(1)(a 1) 0
16 4a + 4 0
20 4a 0
4a 20
a5
2
=
=
=
=
=
24
24
0
0
9
5 (a)
4x2 11x + 6 = 0
(4x 3)(x 2) = 0
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
The maximum value is 11 and the

axis of symmetry is x = 1.
3
x = or x = 2
4
(b)
kx2 + px = 9
kx2 + px 9 = 0
For two equal roots,
b2 4ac = 0
p2 4(k)(9) = 0
p2 + 36k = 0
2 (5x + 4)(x 1)
5x2 x 4
5x2 3x 2
(5x + 2)(x 1)
6 x2 + x k = 0
Since 2 is one root of the equation,
(2)2 + (2) k = 0
k=42
=2
7
x 2x = p 2
x2 2x + 2 p = 0
For two different roots,
b2 4ac 0
(2)2 4(1)(2 p) 0
4 8 + 4p 0
4p 4
p1
Chapter 3: Quadratic
Functions
1 f(x) = 3x2 6x + 8

= 3
= 3
= 11

2 or x 1
x
5


Chapter 4: Simultaneous
Equations
1y=1x
1
2
y = 2 2x 1
y2 = 2x + 10 2
(2 2x)2 = 2x + 10
4 8x + 4x2 = 2x + 10
4x2 10x 6 = 0
2x2 5x 3 = 0
(2x + 1)(x 3) = 0
1
x = or x = 3
2
1 into :
Substitute x =
1
2
1
y = 2 2
2
=3
y = 2 2(3)
= 4
1
, 3 ; (3, 4)
2
5 (a) a = 4
(b) x = 4
Product of roots:
2q 2
1
p (q) =
p
q = 2q 2
q=2
p+3
2 =
p
2p = p + 3
p=3
p = 3, q = 2
(b) Sum of roots:
p + (3q) = 3 3(2)
= 3
Product of roots:
p(3q) = 3[3(2)]
= 18
The quadratic equation with roots
p and 3q is
x2 (3)x + (18) = 0
x2 + 3x 18 = 0
= 3
4 (a) p = 2
(b) q = 4
(c) f(x) = a(x 2)2 + 4
At point (0, 2),
2 = a(2)2 + 4
4a = 2
1
a =
2
px2 px + 2q = 2 + 4x
px2 + (p 4)x + 2q 2 = 0
(a) Sum of roots:
p+4
1 + q =
p
p
1 + pq = p + 4
pq = p + 3
p+3
q = 1
p
8
x + 2x
3
2 2 8
2
x2 + 2x +
2
2
3
11
(x + 1)2
3
3(x + 1)2

2(x 1)
2x 2
0
0
3 (a) k = 1
(b) x = 1
(c) (1, 4)
(b) f(x) = x2 kx + 13
k 2
k
= x2 kx + + 13
2
2
k 2 + 13
k2
= x
4
2
k
k2
= 3 and p = 13
2
4
36
k=6
= 13
4
= 13 9
=4
k = 6, p = 4

6 f(x) = x2 + 2x a2
= x2 + 2x + (1)2 a2 (1)2
= (x + 1)2 a2 1
a2 1 = 10
a2 = 9
a = 3
7 (a) f(x)
= x2 2px + 2p2 + 9
= x2 2px + (p)2 + 2p2 + 9 (p)2
= (x p)2 + p2 + 9
p2 + 9 = h2 + 6p
h2 = p2 6p + 9
= (p 3)2
h = p 3 (shown)
(b) p = h2 + 1 1
h=p3 2
p = (p 3)2 + 1
p = p2 6p + 10
p2 7p + 10 = 0
(p 2)(p 5) = 0
p = 2 or p = 5
h=23
= 1
h=53
=2
p = 2, h = 1; p = 5, h = 2
8 (a) At f(x)-axis, x = 0
f(x) = 02 k(0) + 13
= 13
A(0, 13)
y 3x = 7
y = 3x + 7 1
x2 + y2 xy = 7 2
x2 + (3x + 7)2 x(3x + 7) =
x2 + 9x2 + 42x + 49 3x2 7x =
7x2 + 35x + 42 =
x2 + 5x + 6 =
(x + 3)(x + 2) =
x = 3 or x = 2
y = 3(3) + 7
= 9 + 7
= 2
y = 3(2) + 7
= 6 + 7
=1
x = 3, y = 2; x = 2, y = 1
7
7
0
0
0
ef=3
f=e3 1
e2 4f = 10 2
e2 4(e 3) = 10
e2 4e + 2 = 0
4 (4)2 4(1)(2)
e =
2(1)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
3
y = or y = 3
2
3 into :
Substitute y =
1
2
3
x = 10 2
2
=7
x = 10 2(3)
=4
3
x = 7, y = ; x = 4, y = 3
2
4 8
=
2
= 3.414 or 0.586
Substitute e = 3.414 into 1 :
f = 3.414 3
= 0.414
Substitute e = 0.586 into 1 :
f = 0.586 3
= 2.414
e = 3.414, f = 0.414; e = 0.586,
f = 2.414
1
y2 = 4 2 y
2
2
y = 8 2y
y2 + 2y 8 = 0
(y + 4)(y 2) = 0
y = 4 or y = 2
1 (4)
x=2
2
=2+2
=4
1
x = 2 (2)
2
=21
=1
x = 4, y = 4; x = 1, y = 2
5
x + 2y = 10
x = 10 2y 1
2y2 7y + x 1 = 0 2
2y2 7y + 10 2y 1 = 0
2y2 9y + 9 = 0
(2y 3)(y 3) = 0
Chapter 5: Indices and

Logarithms
1
81h
4 logh = logh81 + loghh logh16
16
= 4 logh3 + 1 2 logh4
= 4p + 1 2q
5 log8
k 2p = 3
k = 2p 3 1
p + pk 4k = 0 2
p + p(2p 3) 4(2p 3) = 0
p + 2p2 3p 8p + 12 = 0
2p2 10p + 12 = 0
p2 5p + 6 = 0
(p 2)(p 3) = 0
p = 2 or p = 3
k = 2(2) 3
=1
k = 2(3) 3
=3
k = 1, p = 2; k = 3, p = 3
9 (9)2 4(4)(3)
x =
2(4)
25
3 log36.25 = log3
4
= log325 log34
= 2 log35 2 log32
= 2n 2m

4x
= 82 x
2x 3
22x
= (23)2 x
2x 3
22x (x 3) = 26 3x
2x (x 3) = 6 3x
x + 3 = 6 3x
4x = 3
3
x=
4
2n7 8n
2n7 23n
2n7 + 3n
n 7 + 3n
4n
n
8 log81p log3q
log3 p
log381
log3 p
4 log33
1
log3 p
4
1
log3 p 4
log3R log9T = 2
log3T
log3R
log39
1 log T
log3R
3
2
R
log3
T
R
T
R
=2
=2
=2
=
=
=
=
=
=
512
29
29
9
16
4
=0
= log3q
= log3q
= log3q
= log3q
=q
p = q4
Chapter 6: Coordinate
Geometry
1
C t)
,5
(4p
=9
=9 T

4m
log2
n
4m
n
log28
log24 + log2m log2n
=
log28
2 log22 + log2m log2n
=
3 log22
2+xy
=
3

2x2 + (3 2x)2 + x(3 2x) = 6
2
2x + 9 12x + 4x2 + 3x 2x2 = 6
4x2 9x + 3 = 0
2y x = 1
x = 2y 1 1
x2 + xy = 26 2
(2y 1)2 + y(2y 1) = 26
4y2 4y + 1 + 2y2 y = 26
6y2 5y 25 = 0
(3y + 5)(2y 5) = 0
5
5 or y =
y=
2
3
5 into :
Substitute y =
1
3
5
x=2 1
3
13
=
3
5
2
5
x = 2 1
2
=4
5
13 , y =
5
x =
; x = 4, y =
3
3
2
2x + y = 3
y = 3 2x 1
2x2 + y2 + xy = 6 2
9 33
=
8
= 1.843 or 0.407
y = 3 2(1.843)
= 0.686
y = 3 2(0.407)
= 2.186
x = 1.843, y = 0.686; x = 0.407,
y = 2.186
x+6
32x = 3 2
x+6
2x =
2
4x = x + 6
3x = 6
x=2

1y=2
4 x+
2
1
x = 2 y 1
2
y2 = 4x 2
9x = 3 x + 6
A )
3h
(h,
B )
2t
(p,
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
2h + 4p
3
2h + 4p
p
6h + 5t
3
6h + 5t
6h
h
=p
= 3p
= 2h 1
= 2t
=
=
=
6t
t
t
2
6
t
p = 2
6
1t
=
3

x
y
2 +=1
2
3
3x + 2y = 6
2y = 3x + 6
3
y = x + 3
2
3
The gradient of this line is .
2
3y = 2x + 6
2
y = x + 2
3
2
The gradient is .
3
3 2
Since = 1 so these two lines
2 3
are perpendicular to each other.

x
y
3 =1
4
2
The gradient of this line,
2
m1 =
4
1
=
2
and the coordinates of K is (4, 0).
Equation of the perpendicular line
through K is y 0 = 2(x 4)
y = 2x + 8
4 Equation of the perpendicular line CD

through C is
1
y 2 = (x 0)
2
2y 4 = x
2y x = 4 1
y + 2x = 7 2
1 2 : 4y 2x = 8 3
5y = 15
2 + 3:
y=3
2(3) x = 4
x=64
=2
D(2, 3)
2(2) + 1(13)
5 a =
3
9
=
3
=3
2(0) + 1(15)
b =
3
(b) (i) 2y = x + 10
At y-axis, x = 0
2y = 10
y=5
D(0, 5)
15
=
3
=5
Q(3, 5)
6 (a) The equation of AB:
1 (x + 2)
y2=
2
2y 4 = x + 2
2y x = 6
At x-axis, y = 0
2(0) x = 6
x = 6
A(6, 0)
(b)
3
D(0, 5)
R(x, y)
1(x) + 3(2)
= 0
4
x+6=0
x = 6
and
1(y) + 3(6)
= 5
4
y + 18 = 20
y=2
R(6, 2)
20
(ii)
m =
6 0
1
=
3
1
y 0 = (x 0)
3
1
y=x
3
(c) 2EQ = ER
2 (y 6)2 + (x 2)2
= (y 2)2 + (x + 6)2
4(y2 12y + 36 + x2 4x + 4)
= y2 4y + 4 + x2 + 12x + 36
4y2 48y + 4x2 16x + 160
= y2 4y + x2 + 12x + 40
3x2 + 3y2 28x 44y + 120
=0
C(x, y)
2
B(2, 2)
A(6, 0)
3(6) + 2x
= 2
5
18 + 2x = 10
2x = 8
x=4
3(0) + 2y = 2
5
2y = 10
y=5
C(4, 5)
(c) Equation of the perpendicular line
through C:
y 5 = 2(x 4)
y 5 = 2x + 8
y + 2x = 13
QP = 5 units
y2 + (x 5)2 = 5
y2 + x2 10x + 25 = 25
x2 + y2 10x = 0
(b) (i) x2 + y2 10x = 0
At M(2, k),
4 + k2 10(2) = 0
k2 16 = 0
k2 = 16
k = 4
k=4
(ii) Let N be (x, y),
2+x k+y
, = (5, 0)
2
2
2
+
x
k+y =0
= 5 and
2
2
2 + x = 10
4+y=0
x=8
y = 4
N(8, 4)
7 (a)
8 (a)
Chapter 7: Statistics
1
Score
fx
x2
fx2
2125
23
23
529
529
2630
28
56
784
1568
3135
33
297
1089
9801
3640
11
38
418
1444
15 884
4145
14
43
602
1849
25 886
48
144
2304
4650

1
(i) (2) = 1
k
k=2
(ii)
2y x = 10
y + 2x = 10
1 2: 4y 2x = 20
5y = 30
2 + 3:
y=6
Substitute y = 6 into
2(6) x = 10
x=2
Q(2, 6)
Q(2, 6)
f=40
1
2
3
1:
fx=1540
6912
fx2=60 580
fx
(a) x =
f
1540
=
40
= 38.5
(b) Median class = 36 40
1
NF
2
m = L +
C
fm
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(40) 12
2
= 35.5 + 5
11
= 39.14
(c) =
=
6 (a)
fx2
2
(x)
f
60 580
(38.5)2
40
8
6
21 30
31 40
41 50
10
x = 48
48 + m = 9
7
48 + m = 63
m = 63 48
= 15
x2
fx2
5.5
30.25
242
15.5
240.25
1441.5
25.5
650.25
3251.25
35.5
1260.25
8821.75
85 21
64
64
8
45.5
10
2070.25
20 702.5
x2
( x)2
N
2448
152
8
= 81
=9
120 + m
(b) (i) = 14
9
120 + m = 126
m=6
The number that being
added to the set is 6.
2448 + 36
(ii) = 142
9
= 80
= 8.944
f=36
=
fx2=34 459
34 459
26.892
36
= 234.122
= 15.3
7 (a) Median class = 2130
Median = 24.5
k + 24 12
2
20.5 + 10 =
10
k
+ 24
12 =
2
k + 24
=
2
k + 24 =
k=
(b)
24.5
4
16
32
8
Number of athletes
10
8
6
4
2
0
Number of students
09
10 19
20 29
12
30 39
40 49
10 6
(b) Q1 = 9.5 + 10
8
= 14.5
30 26
Q3 = 29.5 + 10
9
= 33.94
Interquartile range
= 33.94 14.5
= 19.44
1 Let the radius of a sector COD be r cm,

2r + 2 = 10
2r = 8
r = 4 cm
sCD = 2
4 = 2
1 radian
=
2
2 (a) = 360 280
= 80
= 80
180
= 1.396 radians
(b)
sXY = 20
1.396r = 20
20
r =
1.396
= 14.33 cm
3 (a) sQT = 3
4 = 3
= 0.75 radian
QST = 0.75 radian
(b) Area of semicircle PQR
1
= (3)2()
2
= 14.14 cm2
Area of sector QST
1
= (4)2(0.75)
2
= 6 cm2
= 14.14 6
= 8.14 cm2
0.5
10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5

26.5
Time (minutes)
Mode time = 26.5

Mark
Chapter 8: Circular
Measures
21
5 (a) N = 8, x = 120, x2 = 2448

x
x =
N
x = 120
8
= 15
=
8(5.5) + 6(15.5) + 5(25.5)

+ 7(35.5) + 10(45.5)
(b) x =
36
968
=
36
= 26.89
4 (a) 2 = 21, x2 = 1275, N = 15

1275
(x)2 =
15
(x)2 =
=
x =
=
x
(b) = 8
15
x = 120
8 (a)
18 14
= 20.5 + 10
5
= 20.5 + 8
= 28.5
x = 8
x = 8
6
(b)
1 10
11 20

2
81
k = 2h
3
27 k = 4h2
k = 27 4h2
3 (a)
(c) From the histogram the mode time

is 26.5. If the time of each athlete
is decreased by 2, so the new mode
is 26.5 2 = 24.5
Number of
patients
Median class = 21 30
N F
2
Median = L + C
fm
= 5.679
2
Age
(years)
4 (a) sQR = 4(2.1)

= 8.4 cm
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Area of QOT
1
180
= (5)(3) sin 1.342
2
= 7.31 cm2
= 42.94 22.5 7.31
= 13.13 cm2
(b) Area of sector QOR

1
= (4)2(2.1)
2
= 16.8 cm2
Area of POS
1
180
= (2)(2) sin 2.1
2
2
= 1.73 cm
12
1
Area of OCD = (4)(3)
2
= 6 cm2
Area of quadrant DCE
1
= (3)2
2
2
= 7.07 cm2
= 32.2 6 7.07
= 19.13 cm2
9
cos =
12
= 0.75
= 41 24'
= 0.723 radian

(b) RP = 122 92
= 7.937 cm
1
1
= (12)2(0.723) (9)(7.937)
2
2
= 52.056 35.717
= 16.34 cm2
7 (a) Area of sector POQ
1
= (5)2(1.8)
2
= 22.5 cm2
(b) sPQ = 5(1.8)
= 9 cm
sPS = 8(3.142 1.8)
= 10.736 cm
= 10.736 + 9 + (8 5)
= 22.74 cm
(c) Area of sector PTS
1 (8)2(1.342)
=
2
= 42.94 cm2

3
sin =
5
= 0.6
= 36 52'
AOB = 0.644 radian
(b) sAB = 10(0.644)
= 6.44 cm
sDE = 3
2
= 4.71 cm
= 6.44 + 5 + 4.71 + (10 7)
= 19.15 cm
(c) Area of sector OAB
1
= (10)2(0.644)
2
= 32.2 cm2
3 (12)
6 (a) OP =
4
= 9 cm
Chapter 9: Differentiation
1
y = (3x 4)3
dy
= 3(3x 4)2(3)
dx
= 9(3x 4)2
dy
When x = 2, = 9[3(2) 4]2
dx
= 36
The rate of change of y is given by
dy
dy
dx
=
dt
dx
dt
dx
18 = 36
dt
18
dx
=
36
dt
= 0.5 unit s1
x is increasing at a rate of
0.5 unit s1.

Area of OPS
180
1 (6)(6) sin 1.18
=
2
= 16.64
= 84.96 16.64
= 68.32 cm2

5 (a) sQR = 12(1.18)

= 14.16 cm
(b) Area of sector OQR
1 (12)2(1.18)
=
2
= 84.96 cm2
8 (a)

= 16.8 1.73
= 15.07 cm2
1
h(x) = 2 x 4
2
1x 4
1
h'(x) = 4
2
2
3
1
= 2 x 4
2
4
1
1
h"(x) = 6 x 4
2
2
3
= 4
1x 4
2
3
h"(4) =
4
1
(4) 4
2
3
= 4
(2)
3
=
16
3

3 u4
y=
5
3 (5x 2)4
=
5
dy
12 (5x 2)3(5)
=
dx
5
= 12(5x 2)3
y = 2x2 + 3x 2
dy
= 4x + 3
dx
1
1 dy
When x = , = 4 + 3
2
2 dx
=5
(b) When x = 2, x = 2 + p 2
=p
dy
= 4(2) + 3
dx
= 11
dy
Then, y x
dx
11(p)
11p
The approximate change in y is
11p.
4 (a)

5 Let V be the volume of a packet of

butter. Then, V = x3
dV
dV
dx
By the chain rule, =
dt
dx
dt
dx
2
= 3x
dt
dx
2
When x = 4, 12 = 3(4)
dt
12
dx
=
48
dt
= 0.25 cm s1
Rate of change of x is 0.25 cm s1.
1
6 y = x + 3
2
1
The gradient of this line is .
2
So the gradient of the tangent at A(1, 4) is
2x kx2 = 2
2(1) k(1)2 = 2
2 k = 2
k=4
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
7 (a) At the turning point (k, 2),

dy
= 0
dx
4
1 2 = 0
x
4 =0
1
k2
4
1 = 2
k
k2 = 4
k = 2
k=2
dy
(b) = 1 4x2
dx
d 2y
2 = 8x3
dx
8
= 3
x
d 2y
At (2, 2),
0.
dx2
8
y = 3 2x 1
dy
= 2x 2
dx
2
= 2
x
2
dy
When x = 2, = 2
dx (2)
1
=
2
So the gradient of the tangent at
1 and its equation is
A(2, 2) is
2
1
y 2 = (x 2)
2
2y 4 = x 2
2y x = 2
Chapter 10: Solution of

Triangles
1 (a) BD2 = 32 + 42 2(3)(4) cos
= 25 24 cos
(b) BD2 = 12 + 22 2(1)(2) cos
= 5 4 cos
+ = 180
= 180
Substitute = 180 into
5 4 cos :
5 4 cos (180 )
= 5 4 [cos 180 cos + sin 180 sin ]
= 5 4 [1(cos ) + 0(sin )]
= 5 4 ( cos )
= 5 + 4 cos
25 24 cos = 5 + 4 cos
28 cos = 20
20
cos =
28
5
=
7
QS
4
2 =
sin 40 sin 55
4 sin 40
QS =
sin 55
= 3.14 cm
PS 2 = 32 + 3.142 2(3)(3.14) cos 95

= 20.5
PS = 20.5
= 4.53 cm
(b)
D2
D1
5.5 cm
5.5 cm
30
3 (a)
PV = 6 + 8
= 100
= 10 cm
5 cm
PR = 62 + 152
= 261
= 16.16 cm
16.162 = 102 + 172 2(10)(17) cos PVR
340 cos PVR = 127.85
cos PVR = 0.3760
PVR = 67 55'
(b) Area of PVR
1
= (10)(17) sin 67 55'
2
= 78.76 cm2
10.9 sin 30
sin AD2B =
5.5
AD2B = 82 17'
AD1B = 180 82 17'
= 97 43'
(c) (i) AD2B = 82 17'
ABD2 = 180 30 82 17'
= 67 43'
AD2
10.9
=
sin 67 43' sin 82 17'
AD2 = 10.18 cm
(ii) Area of ACB
1
= (5)(7) sin 130
2
= 13.41 cm2
(i) AC 2 = 62 + 102 2(6)(10) cos

130
= 213.135
Area of ABD2
1
= (10.9)(5.5) sin 67 43'
2
= 27.74 cm2
Area of quadrilateral ACBD
= 13.41 + 27.74
= 41.15 cm2
AC = 213.135
= 14.6 cm
14.6
16
=
sin 30 sin ABC
14.6 sin 30
sin ABC =
16
= 0.4563
ABC = 27 9'
(iii) Area of quadrilateral ABCD
1
= (6)(10) sin 130 +
2
1
(14.6)(16) sin 122 51'

2
= 22.981 + 98.123
= 121.104 cm2
(b) (i)
A
(5)(6) sin BAD = 10

2
10
sin BAD =
15
= 0.6667
BAD = 41 48'
(b) BD2 = 52 + 62 2(5)(6) cos 41 48'
= 16.271
BD = 16.271
= 4.03 cm
10 cm
6 cm
D
14.6
10
=
sin 130 sin ACD
10 sin 130
sin ACD =
14.6
= 0.5247
ACD = 31 39'
AC'D = 180 31 39'
= 148 21'
5 (a) AB2 =
=
AB =
=
Area = 10 cm2
6 (a)
C'
(ii)
7 cm
5.5
10.9
=
sin AD2B sin 30
= 225
= 15 cm
(ii)
130
C
QR = 172 82
4 (a)
52 + 72 2(5)(7) cos 130

118.995
118.995
10.9 cm
4.03
BC
(c) =
sin 80 sin 65
4.03 sin 80
BC =
sin 65
= 4.38 cm
(d) Area of quadrilateral ABCD
1
= (5)(6) sin 41 48' +
2
1
(4.03)(4.38) sin 35
2
= 9.998 + 5.062
= 15.06 cm2
7 (a)
(i) 72 = 52 + 82 2(5)(8) cos BDC

80 cos BDC = 40
1
cos BDC =
2
BDC = 60
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
12
AD
(ii) =
sin 40 sin 60
12 sin 40
AD =
sin 60
= 8.907 cm
(iii) Area of ABD
1
= (5)(8.907) sin 120
2
= 19.28 cm2
(b) (i)
(b)
x 100 = 112
3 (a)
2.50
112 2.50
x =
100
= 2.80
I 10/08 = 113
(b)
12 cm
105(2) + 112(5) + 120y
y+7
770 + 120y
7y
y
8.907 cm
60
D
40
D'
(ii) Area of AD'E

1
= (8.907)(12) sin 20
2
= 18.28 cm2
6.8
QS
8 (a) =
sin 61 sin 80
6.8 sin 61
QS =
sin 80
= 6.04 cm
(b) PSQ = 180 (61 + 80)
= 39
RS2 = (2.2)2 + (6.04)2 2(2.2)(6.04)
cos 39
= 20.668
RS = 20.668
= 4.55 cm
sin QRS sin 39
(c) =
6.04
4.55
6.04 sin 39
sin QRS =
4.55
= 0.8354
QRS = 56 39', 123 21'
QRS = 123 21'
(d) Area of QRS
1
= (2.2)(4.55) sin 123 21'
2
= 4.18 cm2
Chapter 11: Index Number

1
I
120(m 2) + 112m + 115(2)
2m
232m 10
2m
m
I
2 (a)
110(6) + 120p + 80(3)
+ 140(5) + 90(2)
p + 16
120p + 1780
7p
p
= 115
= 115
= 230m
= 10
=5
= 113
= 113
= 113p + 1808
= 28
=4
4 (a)
130 6.50
P07 =
100
= RM8.45
140(2) + 125(4)
+ 150(3) + 110q
(ii) = 130
q+9
1230 + 110q = 130q + 1170
20q = 60
q=3
I09/07 = 90
P09
100 = 90
6.50
90 6.50
P09 =
100
= RM5.85
= 113
= 113y + 791
= 21
=3
x
(i) 100 = 150
0.90
150 0.90
x =
100
= 1.35
1.80 100
(ii) y =
1.50
= 120
3.85
(iii)
z 100 = 110
3.85 100
z =
110
= 3.50
(b) I 05/00
150(3) + 125(6) + 120(4)

+ 160(10) + 110(7)
=
30
4050
=
30
= 135
P05
(c)
100 = 135
420
135 420
P05 =
100
= 567
The total monthly cost for the
year 2005 is RM567.
(d) I 10/00 = 135 1.1

= 148.5
I07/04 = 140
4.20
100 = 140
m
4.20 100
m =
140
= 3.00
(b)
I07/04 = 150
n+1
100 = 150
n
100n + 100 = 150n
50n = 100
n=2
n = 2, p = 3
I 07/04 = 130
(c) (i)
P07
100 = 130
6.50
5 (a)
1.40
6 (a)
x 100 = 175
1.40 100
x =
175
= 0.80
3.00
y = 100
2.50
= 120
150(90) + 175(45) + 140(108)
+ 120(36) + 125(81)
(b) I 10/09 =
360
50 940
=
360
= 141.5
(c) I 11/09 = 141.5 1.2

= 169.8
P11
100 = 169.8
25
169.8 25
P11 =
100
= 42.45
The production cost for the year
2011 is RM42.45.
1.65 100
7 (a) h =
1.20
= 137.5
0.80
100 = 160
k
0.80 100
k =
160
= 0.50
120(20) + 137.5(40)
+ 160(30) + 150(10)
(b) I 10/08 =
100
14 200
=
100
= 142
(c) (i) I 12/08 = 142 1.1

= 156.2
P12
(ii)
100 = 156.2
1.60
156.2 1.60
P12 =
100
= 2.50
The price of a muffin in the
year 2012 is RM2.50.
8 (a)
1.80
(i) x = 100
2.40
= 75
y
(ii) 100 = 150
3.20
150 3.20
y =
100
= 4.80
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
7.15
(iii) 100 = 110
z
7.15 100
z =
110
= 6.50
I 10/08 = 117.5
(b)
75(4) + 112(5) +
150(7) + 110m
= 117.5
m + 16
1910 + 110m = 117.5m + 1880

7.5m = 30
m=4
P10
(c) 100 = 117.5
5240
117.5 5240
P10 =
100
= 6157
The total expenditure in the year
2010 is RM6157.
(d) I 11/08 = 140
I 10/08 = 112
140
I11/10 = 100
112
= 125
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Paper 1
1 (a) f : x x
(b) q = 16
2 (a)
(3, 6)
y=x
(6, 3)
(b) 4 f 1(x) 6
f 2(x) = gf(1)
5
4(4x 5) 5 =
2(1)3
16x 25 = 1
16x = 24
x = 1.5
= 32k + 32x
=0
b2 4ac
(4k 32)2 4(1)(4k2 32k)
16k2 256k + 1024 16k2 + 128k
1024 128k
128k
k
=0
=0
=0
=0
= 1024
=8
8 (a) f(x) = x2 + 4x + 6
= (x2 4x 6)
= [x2 4x + (2)2 (2)2 6]
= [(x 2)2 10]
= 10 (x 2)2
h = 2, k = 10
4 (a) f(4) =
(b)
6
x2
xy 2y = 6
xy = 2y + 6
2y + 6
x=
y
2x + 6
f 1(x) =
x
a = 2, b = 6
y=
9 (a) f(x) = a(x + 1)2 + 6

4=a+6
a = 2
f(x) = 2(x + 1)2 + 6
a = 2, p = 1, q = 6
13 49
=
12
13 7
13 + 7
=
or
12
12
5
1
=
or
3
2
1 x4
2
11
64
16
3
5
3 5
x2
x
2 3
[ ]
[ ]
26
4 4
15
20
2
= 2 15 x 2
2 x
1
1
6 x 3+
x + (3)
=0
2
2
5
3
x2 x
=0
2
2
2
2x = 5x + 3
p = 5, q = 3
2
13 (13)2 4(6)(5)
x=
2(6)
2k+ x
1
8
2
2y = k + x 2
7 y=
11
= 25 x 2
5
11
= 2x10
m=
12
11
,n=5
10
8x = 64
2y
23xy = 26
3 5
x2
x
2 3
81
34
34
4
2
1 2
5
3(5) y = 6
y = 15 6
=9
x = 5, y = 9
13
x
log2 y
log24
log2x log2y
=
2
hk
=
2
x
log4 y =
= 64 + 36
= 100
= 10 units
2x2 4 7x
2x2 7x 4 0
(2x + 1)(x 4) 0
3x(2x 4) = x 5
6x2 12x = x 5
6x2 13x + 5 = 0
14 (a) AC = (10 2)2 + (10 4)2
(b) f(x) = 2(x 1)2 + 6

10
=k+x
(b) The maximum value is 10.
6
42
= 1
3x y = 6
1 y1
34x
=
9
4x
2 y1
3 (3 ) =
34x 2y + 2 =
4x 2y + 2 =
4x 2y =
2x y =
1 2: x =
=k+x
y = f 1(x)
2k + x 2
2
8
4k2 + 4kx + x2
2
64
x2 + 4kx + 4k2
x2 + (4k 32)x + 4k2 32k
(b) Area of ABC

1
= 4 10 2 4
2 2 10 6 2
1
= (40 + 60 + 4 20 20 24)
2
1
= (40)
2
= 20 unit2
15 2y = 4x + 7
7
y = 2x +
2
The gradient of the line is 2.
Midpoint = 2 + 6 , 7 + (9)
2
2
= (2, 1)
Then the
y+1
y+1
y
required equation is
= 2(x 2)
= 2x 4
= 2x 5
16 (a) Let P(x, y) be the moving point,

AP = BP
(y0)2 + (x1)2 = (y 7)2 + (x 6)2
y2 + x2 2x + 1 = y2 14y + 49 + x2
12x + 36
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1 2x = 85 12x 14y
10x + 14y 84 = 0
5x + 7y 42 = 0
(b)
At y-axis, x =
5(0) + 7y 42 =
7y =
y=
C(0,6)
17 M = 40.5 +
23 (a)
0
0
42
6
(b) When x = 2,
dy 15
=
[3(2) 4]4
dx 16
= 15
1
and y =
[3(2) 4]5
16
=2
15 9 13 20
= 40.5 + 4.44
= 44.94

y 2 = 1 (x 2)
15
15y 30 = x + 2
15y + x = 32
18 (a) Range = 15 3
= 12
40
=8
5
404 (8)2
=
5
(b) x =
24
= 16.8
= 4.099
19 (a) The new mean = 4(9) + 2
= 38
1
(b) The new variance = 42 3
2
= 56
10
6
5
=
3
AOC = 59 2'
= 1.03 radians
20 (a) tan AOC =
(b)
sAB =
=
OC =
=
6(1.03)
6.18 cm
62 + 102
11.662

= 6.18 + 10 + (11.662 6)
= 21.842 cm
8
21 (a) sAB = 10
5
= 16 cm/50.265 cm
(b) Area of sector AOB
2
1
= (10)2
5
2
= 20
= 62.832 cm2
Area of AOB
2
1
= (10)2 sin
5
2
= 47.553 cm2
= 62.832 47.553
= 15.28 cm2
22
1
(3x4)5
16
dy
5
=
(3x 4)4 (3)
dx 16
15
=
(3x 4)4
16
y=
lim x(x + 10) = lim x + 10

x0 x(x2 + 2)
x0 x2 + 2
10
=
2
=5
2x2 14x + 12
x2 7x + 6
(x 1)(x 6)
x = 1 or x
0
0
0
6
y=4
4
y=
6
2
=
3
2
x = 1, y = 4; x = 6, y =
3
2
P(1, 4); Q 6,
3
2 (a)
f(1) = 2
8(1) + m = 2
m = 10
g(2) = 3
n
=3
2+6
n = 24
m = 10, n = 24
y=x
=
=
=
=
(b)
dy = 1 x 43
3
dx
1
= 4
3x 3
When x = 8, x = 8.2 8
= 0.2
1
y=
2
dy
1
and
=
dx
48
1
1
1
(0.2)
=
+
3 8.2
2
48
= 0.4958
f(x) = 8x + 10
y = 8x + 10
y 10
x=
8
y 10
f 1(y) =
8
(c) gf(x) = g(8x + 10)

24
8x + 10 + 6
24
=
8x + 16
24
=
8(x + 2)
3
=
,x2
x+2
=
25 y = x + 5x2
dy = 1 10
x3
dx
By the chain rule,
dy = dy dx
dt
dx
dt
10 dx
1.5 = 1 3
dt
x
(i) a = 1
(ii) (1, 4)
(iii) x = 1
y
(b)
3
dx
When x = 2, 1.5 = 0.25
dt
dx
= 6
dt
x changes at a rate of 6 units s1.
Paper 2
Section A/Bahagian A
1 3y + 2x = 14
3y = 14 2x
y=
3 (a)
14 2x
1
3
4
2
y=
x
4
14 2x
=
x
3
14x 2x2 = 12
y = f(x)
4 (a) LN = tan 1.2

10
LN = 10 tan 1.2
= 25.72 cm
ON =
=
sLM =
=
102 + (25.72)2
27.6 cm
10(1.2)
12 cm

= 25.72 + 12 + (27.6 10)
= 55.32 cm
(b) Area of LON
1
=
(10)(25.72)
2
= 128.6 cm2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
2 52
2 + 52
or
6
6
25
= 9 or
3
Area of section LOM

1
= (10)2(1.2)
2
= 60 cm2
= 128.6 60
= 68.6 cm2
(c)
(b) Equation of QR:

1
y 5 = (x 9)
2
2y 10 = x + 9
2y + x = 19
(c) y 2x = 2 1
2y + x = 19 2
2 2: 4y + 2x = 38 3
5y = 40
1 + 3:
y= 8
8 2x = 2
2x = 6
x=3
Q(3, 8)
(i) x =
(ii) =
1600 (12)2 (12)2

9
8 cm
8
4
=2
DAE = 63 26'
BAD = 63 26'
8 (a)
(b) At point B(3, 4), dy = 2(3) 3

dx
=3
4x
=2
2y
2xy
2 = 21
2x y = 1 1
1 + 2:
3x = 6
x=2
2(2) y = 1
y=3
x = 2, y = 3
(b)
(i) log4
(c) y + x = 3 1
3y + x = 15 2
2y = 12
2 1:
y=6
Section B/Bahagian B
7 (a) 1 (x 1)[2(x 1) + x + 3] = 112
2
(x 1)(3x + 1) = 224
3x2 2x 1 = 224
3x2 2x 225 = 0 (shown)
(b) x =
=
2 + (2)2 4(3)(225)
2(3)
2 + 2704
6
=
=
(c)
10 (a)
m = log 1 log m
(ii) log28m =

1
y 4 = (x 3)
3
3y 12 = x + 3
3y + x = 15
6+x=3
x = 3
C(3, 6)
(d) Area of PQRS

1 0 4 9 3 0
=
2 2 0 5 8 2
1
= (20 + 72 + 6 8 15)
2
1
= (75)
2
= 37.5 unit2
log10 (2x + 2y) = 1

2x + 2y = 10
x+y=5 2
y = x2 3x + 4
dy
= 2x 3
dx
dy
At point A(1, 2),
= 2(1) 3
dx
= 1
Equation of the tangent
y 2 = 1(x 1)
y 2 = x + 1
y+x=3
4 cm
tan DAE =
= 17.778
= 4.216
6 (a)
(i) AB = 2(9 1)
= 16 cm
(ii)
x
N
120
=
10
= 12
x2
(x)2
(ii) 2 =
N
1600
=
(12)2
10
= 16
120 x
(b) (i)
= 12
9
x = 12
5 (a)
Let S be (x, 0),

1
mPS =
2
1
02
=
2
x0
x=4
S(4, 0)
P(0, 2); S(4, 0)
= n
log4 8m
log42
log48 + log4 m
log42
3 log42 + log4 m
log42
1
3 2 +n
1
2
3 + 2n
(i) By January 2012 4 years

RM50 000(1.0425)4
= RM59 057.39
(ii) 50 000(1.0425)t 80 000
t log10 1.0425 log10 1.6
t 11.29
12 years. It will be in the
year 2020.
9 (a) At y-axis, x = 0
y 2(0) = 2
y= 2
P(0, 2)
100
90
87
80
Q3
70
60
Median
50
40
Q1
30
20
10
0
0.5
5.5 10.5 15.5 20.5 25.5 30.5

13.75 17.5
Time
(hours)
(i) Median time = 13.75

(ii) Interquartile range
= 17.5 10.5
=7
(iii) The number of teenagers who
spent more than 20 hours
= 100 87
= 13 teenagers
3(6) + 8(18) + 13(39) +
18(25) + 23(9) + 28(3)
(b) x =
100
1410
=
100
= 14.1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
11 (a)
(i) Volume of water in he

hemispherical bowl
2
= (6)3
3
= 144
dV 144
=
4
dt
= 36 cm3 s1
(ii)
(ii)
16
(b)
(i)
Hence, for the area, A to be

maximum, x = 2 and
y = 60 18(2)
= 24
x = 2, y = 24
Section C/Bahagian C
8
15
12 (a) (i)
=
sin BAD
sin 82
8 sin 82
sin BAD =
15
5 cm
x
100 = 120
1.50
120 1.50
x=
100
= 1.80
4.20 100 = 105
y
4.20 100
y=
105
=4
7.00
100
z=
5.00
= 140
x = 1.80, y = 4, z = 140
125(4) + 120(8) + 112(6)
+ 105(2) + 140(9)
29
3602
=
29
= 124.21
D
7 cm
(b) I10/08 =
D'
B
(ii)
13 (a)
(i) 36x + 2y = 120

2y = 120 36x
y = 60 18x
1
Area = 16xy + (16x)(6x)
2
= 16x(60 18x) + 48x2
= 960x 288x2 + 48x2
= 960x 240x2
= 240x(4 x) (shown)
(ii) For a maximum value of A,
dA
=0
dx
960 480x = 0
x=2
d2A
and so
= 480 0
dx2
14 (a)
Area of ABCD
= 54.86 + 17.32
= 72.18 cm2
(b)
Area of BC'D
= 12.75 6.12
= 6.63 cm2
Area of BCD
1
= (5)(7) sin 81 47'
2
= 17.32 cm2
r
8
=
h 16
1
r= h
2
By the chain rule,

dV = dV dh
dt
dh
dt
dh
1
36 = h2
dt
4
When h = 8,
dh
36 = 16
dt
dh = 2.25 cm s1
dt
82 = 52 + 72 2(5)(7) cos BCD

52 + 72 82
cos BCD =
2(5)(7)
= 0.1429
BCD = 81 47'
(iii) Area of ABD

1
= (8)(15) sin 66 7'
2
= 54.86 cm2
Volume of water in the cone,

1
V = r2h
3
1 1 2
= h h
3 2
1 3
=
h
12
dV 1 2
= h
dh 4
Area of CDC'
1
= (3.5)(3.5) sin 93 14'
2
= 6.12 cm2
= 0.5281
BAD = 31 53'
P10
100 = 124.21
520
P10 = 124.21 520
100
= RM645.89
(d) I12/08 = 124.21 0.9

(c)
= 111.79
(i) BC = 7 + 12.2 2(7)(12.2)

cos 60
= 112.44
BC = 112.44
= 10.604 cm
(ii)
(b)
8
7
=
sin 81 47'
sin BDC
7 sin 81 47'
sin BDC =
8
= 0.8660
BDC = 60
BD'C = 180 60
= 120
0.50
100
0.40
= 125
2.20
100 = 110
y
y = 2.20 100
110
= 2.00
z
100 = 90
4.00
z = 90 4.00
100
= 3.60
x = 125, y = 2.00, z = 3.60
15 (a) x =
3.5
10.604
=
sin CBD
sin 120
3.5 sin 120
sin CBD =
10.604
= 0.2858
CBD = 16 37'
(i) B
125(9) + 110(2) +
150(10) + 90(15)
36
4195
=
36
= 116.53
C'
D
(b)
(i) I11/09 =
3.5 cm
C
(ii) BCD = 180 120 16 37'

= 43 23'
Area of BCD
1
= (3.5)(10.604) sin 43 23'
2
= 12.75 cm2
CDC' = 180 2(43 23')
= 93 14'
(ii)
P11
1.20
100 = 116.53
116.53 1.20
100
= RM1.40
P11 =
(iii) I12/09 = 116.53 1.2

= 139.84
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
12 Progressions
Booster Zone
1 [4(1) 3]
1 (a) T1 =
2
1
=
2
1 [4(2) 3]
T2 =
2
5
=
2
5
1
(b) d =
2
2
=2
2
T4 = 27
a + 3d = 27
6 + 3d = 27
3d = 21
d=7
p=6+7
= 13
and
q = 13 + 7
= 20
p = 13, q = 20
a + 4d = 28
1
a + 19d = 103
2
2 1:
15d = 75
d=5
Substitute d = 5 into 1 :
a + 4(5) = 28
a = 28 20
=8
a = 8, d = 5
(b) T10 = a + 9d
= 8 + 9(5)
= 53
3 (a)
4 (a) k + 3 (k1) = 2k + 1 (k + 3)
4=k2
k=6
(b) The first three terms are 5, 9 and
13
So a = 5 and d = 4
T12 = a + 11d
= 5 + 11(4)
= 49
5 (a) d = 12 7
=5
(b) T8 = a + 7d
= 7 + 7(5)
= 42
6 4(2a + 7d) = 24
2a + 7d = 6
1
9(2a + 7d) = 90
2a + 17d = 10
2
2 1:
10d = 4
2
d=
5
2
Substitute d = into 1 :
5
2
2a + 7 = 6
5
16
2a =
5
8
a=
5
T15 = a + 14d
8
2
= + 14
5
5
36
=
5
a + 5d = 27
1
a + 13d = 59
2
2 1:
8d = 32
d=4
a + 5(4) = 27
a=7
S10 = 5[2(7) + 9(4)]
= 5(50)
= 250
n
8 (a) (4 + 104) = 1134
2
54n = 1134
n = 21
7
21
(b) [2(4) + 20d]
2
8 + 20d
20d
d
9
= 1134
= 108
= 100
=5
S10 = S15 S10

2S10 = S15
15
2[5(24 + 9d)] = (24 + 14d)
2
240 + 90d = 180 + 105d
15d = 60
d=4
15
S15 = [24 + 14(4)]
2
15
= (80)
2
= 600
3
10 (2a + 2d) = 21
2
2a + 2d = 14
1
S6 S3 = 57
3(2a + 5d) = 57 + 21
2a + 5d = 26
2
2 1:
3d = 12
d=4
2a + 2(4) = 14
2a = 6
a=3
a = 3, d = 4
11 2(2a + 3d) = 62
2a + 3d = 31
1
5(2a + 9d) = 365
2a + 9d = 73
2
2 1:
6d = 42
d =7
2a + 3(7) = 31
2a = 10
a=5
T6 = a + 5d
= 5 + 5(7)
= 40
12 (a) T1 = S1 = 2(1)2 + 3(1)
=5
(b) T2 = S2 T1
= 2(2)2 + 3(2) 5
= 14 5
=9
d=95
=4
13 3(2a + 5d) = 96
2a + 5d = 32
1
1
S10 = S20
3
1
5(2a + 9d) = [10(2a + 19d)]
3
15(2a + 9d) = 10(2a + 19d)
30a + 135d = 20a + 190d
10a 55d = 0
2a 11d = 0
2
1 2:
16d = 32
d=2
2a + 5(2) = 32
2a = 22
a = 11
T10 = a + 9d
= 11 + 9(2)
= 29
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
14 100, 104 , 117 , ..., 494 , 500

So 104 + (n1) 13 = 494
13(n1) = 30
n 1 = 30
n = 31
500 (1 + 500)
15 (a) S500 =
2
= 125 250
(b) 1, 5 , 10 , ..., 495 , 500
So, 5 + (n 1) 5 = 500
5(n 1) = 495
n 1 = 99
n = 100
100
S100 = [2(5) + 99(5)]
2
100
= (505)
2
= 25 250
The sum of all integers between
1 and 500 which are not the multiples
of 5.
= 125 250 25 250
= 100 000
16
17
a + 3d = 9 1
2(2a + 3d) = 21
2a + 3d = 10.5 2
2 1 : a = 1.5
Substitute a = 1.5 into 1 :
1.5 + 3d = 9
3d = 7.5
d = 2.5
S8 = 4 [2(1.5) + 7(2.5)]
= 4(20.5)
= 82
Sn
n
[2(5) + (n1) 4]
2
n
(4n + 6)
2
2
2n + 3n 230
(2n + 23)(n 10)
230
230
20 (a) a = 100 and d = 5

T10 = 100 + 9(5)
= 55
10 [2(100) + 9(5)]
(b) S10 =
2
= 5(155)
= 775
T2
52x
21
=
T1
5x
= 5x
T3
53x
=
52x
T2
= 5x
So, the sequence is a geometric
progression with common ratio 5x.
22
27 + 27r + 27r2
27r2 + 27r + 6
9r2 + 9r + 2
(3r + 1)(3r + 2)
0
0
10
21
0
0
0
So, n 10
The least value of n is 11
n (8 + 52) = 360
18 (a)
2
30n = 360
n = 12
12 [2(8) + 11d] = 360
(b)
2
16 + 11d = 60
11d = 44
d=4
Angles of the other sides
= 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32,
36, 40, 44, 48
2
y = 18
3
= 12
x = 9, y = 3 or x = 18, y = 12
23 (a)
(b)
=
x4
x2 =
x2 =
4x2 32x + 48 =
x2 8x + 12 =
(x 2)(x 6) =
x = 2 or x = 6
5x 12
x
(5x 12)(x 4)
5x2 32x + 48
0
0
0
1x
2
x2
=
x2
x+1
1
1
x2 4x + 4 = x2 + x
2
2
2x2 8x + 8 = x2 + x
25 2(2)n1
(2)n1
(2)n1
n1
n
=
=
=
=
=
1024
512
(2)9
9
10
3(2)n1
(n 1)log102
n1
n
n=9
600
log10 200
7.644
8.644
27 ar 3 = 24 1
ar 6 = 192 2
2 1:
r3 = 8
r=2
Substitute r = 2 into 1 :
a(2)3 = 24
a=3
T13 = ar12
= 3(2)12
= 12 288
32(1)
9
32(2)
81
81
(b) r =
9
=9
24 (a) T1 =
=
T2 =
=
26
2,
When r =
3
2
x = 27
3
= 18
23

2
=
=
=
=
1 or r = 2
r=
3
3
1,
When r =
3
1
x = 27
3
= 9
1
y = 9
3
=3
230
x2 9x + 8 = 0
(x 1)(x 8) = 0
x = 1 or x = 8
x+3
x+8
(c)
=
x+1
x+3
x2 + 6x + 9 = x2 + 9x + 8
3x = 1
1
x=
3
x
1
5
= 3x
(d)
x2
x1
x2 2x + 1 = 3x2 11x + 10
2x2 9x + 9 = 0
(2x 3)(x 3) = 0
3
x = or x = 3
2
n (1.2 + 3.6) = 12
19 (a)
2
2.4 n = 12
n= 5
5 [2(1.2) + 4d] = 12
(b)
2
5 (2.4 + 4d) = 12
2
2.4 + 4d = 4.8
4d = 2.4
d = 0.6
Length of the other sides
= 1.8 cm, 2.4 cm, 3 cm
6h + k
2h + k
36h2 + 12hk + k2
8h2
k
(b) T1 = 2h + 2h
= 4h
T2 = 6h + 2h
= 8h
8h
r =
4h
=2
28 (a)
29 (a)
+k
= 14h
6h + k
= 28h2 + 16hk + k2
= 4hk
= 2h
x+4
2x + 2
=
x
x+4
x2 + 8x + 16 = 2x2 + 2x
x2 6x 16 = 0
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(x + 2)(x 8) = 0
x = 2 or x = 8
x = 8 (0)
12
(b) r =
8
3
=
2
ar2 = 8
3 2
a =8
2
32
4
a = 8 =
9
9
T6 = ar5
32 3 5
=
9 2
32 243
=
9
32
= 27
30 2(2)n1
(2)n1
(2)n1
n1
n
31
=
=
=
=
=
1024
512
(2)9
9
10
ar a = 4
a(r 1) = 4 1
ar2 ar = 16
ar(r 1) = 16 2
2 1:r=4
Substitute r = 4 into 1 :
3a = 4
4
a=
3
1
a + ar = 17
2
35
a(1 + r) = 1
2
14
ar2 = 2
3
2 1:
r2
=
1+r
105r2 =
105r2 28r 28 =
15r2 4r 4 =
(5r + 2)(3r 2) =
2 or r =
2
r=
5
3
2 (0)
r=
3
4
34 (a) T1 = S1 = 4
21
=2
T2 = S2 T1
4
= 4
2
22
=1
T2
1
r =
=
2
T1
(b) T5 = ar4
1 4
=2
2
1
=2
16
1
=
8
16
p
q
35 =
4
16
p
256
4q =
p2
64
q =
p2
14
2
3 35
28 + 28r
0
0
0
24
33 a = 8 and r =
8
=3
The sum from 8th term to 10th term
= S10 S7
32
32
16
24
2
2(28 1)
(b) S8 =
21
= 510
=
=
=
=
=
12
37 (a) r =
4
=3
(b)
Sn =
4(3n 1)
=
31
3n 1 =
3n =
3n =
n=
38 (a)
13 120
13 120
6 560
6 561
38
8
T4 = 24
81r 3 = 24
8
r 3 =
27
2
r3 = 3
3
2
r=
3
81
(b) S =
2
1
3
= 243
a(1 r 3)
39 = 14
1r
16(1 r 3) = 14
7
1 r3 =
8
1
r3 =
8
1
r3 = 3
2
1
r=
2
1
Substitute r = into 2 :
2
a
= 16
1
1
2
1
a = 16
2
=8
1
40 (a) S =
1
1
3
3
=
2
1
2
(b) S =
1
1
2
1
3
=
2
2
1
=
3
0.2
(c) S =
1 0.1
2
=
9
24
(d) S =
1
1
2
= 48
36 (a) ar 4
2r 4
r4
r4
r
a
= 16
1r
T5 = ar4
4
= (4)4
3
4
= (256)
3
1
= 341
3
32
8(310 1) 8(37 1)
=
31
31
= 236 192 8 744
= 227 448
41 (a) 0.15 = 0.15 + 0.0015 + 0.000015

+ ...
0.15
S =
1 0.01
0.15
=
0.99
5
=
33
(b) 0.06 = 0.06 + 0.0006 + 0.000006

+ ...
0.06
S =
1 0.01
0.06
=
0.99
2
=
33
(c) 2.4 = 2 + 0.4 + 0.04 + 0.004 + ...

0.4
= 2 +
1 0.1
4
=2+
9
4
= 2
9
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
2 1 : 5d = 20
d=5
a + 4(5) = 4
a = 24
a = 24, d = 5
(b) T20 = 24 + 19(5)
= 71
(d) 1.45
= 1 + 0.45 + 0.0045 + 0.000045 + ...
0.45
= 1 +
1 0.01
5
= 1 +
11
5
= 1
11
42
ar 3 = 8a
r3 = 8
r=2
S4 = 360
a(24 1)
= 360
21
15a = 360
a = 24
The area of the largest sector
= 24, 48, 96, 192
2T5
2(4 + 4d)
8 + 8d
4
2
3
T13 = a + 12d
2
= 4 + 12
3
= 12
3 (a) For an arithmetic progression

a, a + 4, a + 8, ...
d = (a + 4) a
=4
T8 = 33
a + 7(4) = 33
a=5
(b) T10 = a + 9d
= 5 + 9(4)
= 41
4
T16
a + 15d
a + 15d
2a 3d
=
=
=
=
3T5
3(a + 4d)
3a + 12d
0
1
T12 T7 = 20
a + 11d (a + 6d) = 20
5d = 20
d=4
2a 3(4) = 0
2a = 12
a=6
a = 6, d = 4
5 (a) a + 4d = 4 1
a + 9d = 16 2
S10 = 80
2a + 9d = 16 1
S22 S10 = 624
22 (2a + 21d) 80 = 624
2
22a + 231d = 704
2a + 21d = 64 2
2 1 : 12d = 48
d=4
2a + 9(4) = 16
2a = 20
a = 10
T1 = 10
T2 = 10 + 4 = 6
T3 = 6 + 4 = 2
The first three terms is 10, 6 and
2.
9 (a) 2x + 6 (x + 3)
x+3
3x
x
8 (2x + 6)
2 2x
1
1
3
(b) The first three terms of an arithmetic
8 16
progression are , and 8 with
3 3
8
8
a = and d =
3
3
=
=
=
=
S6
3[2(9) + 5d]
18 + 5d
5d
d
=
=
=
=
=
6
6
2
20
4
Sn = 90
n
[2(9) + (n 1)(4)] = 90
2
n
(4n 22) = 90
2
4n2 22n = 180
2n2 11n 90 = 0
(2n + 9)(n 10) = 0
9 or n = 10
n=
2
The number of terms in the
arithmetric progression is 10.
(c) T10 = a + 9d
= 9 + 9(4)
= 27
(b)
x = 1
1 2: 2a + 18d = 42 3
2 3:
31d = 93
d=3
a + 9(3) = 21
a = 6
a = 6, d = 3
10 [2(6) + 9(3)]
(b) S10 =
2
= 5(12 + 27)
= 75
=
=
=
=
=
2x2 + 1 (x + 3)
2x2 x 2
0
0
30
20 (2a + 19d)
(2a + 29d)
2
2
= 675
10a + 245d = 675
2a + 49d = 135 2
1 (a) T6 = 2(6) + 7 = 19
(b) T5 = 2(5) + 7 = 17
d = T6 T5
= 19 17
=2
T15
4 + 14d
4 + 14d
6d
d
=
=
=
=
10 (a)
7 (a) a + 9d = 21
1
S30 S20 = 675
SPM Appraisal Zone
x + 3 (x + 2)
1
2x2 x 3
(2x 3)(x + 1)
3 or
x=
2
8 +7
8
8 2
S8 =
3
3
2
= 4(24)
= 96
11
S20
20
(3 + l)
2
3+l
l
= 140
= 140
= 14
= 11
x + 3
x+8
=
x+1
x+3
x2 + 6x + 9 = x2 + 9x + 8
3x = 1
1
x=
3
1
+3
3
(b) r =
1 +1
3
1
= 2
2
12 (a)
13 ar3 = 3 1
1
ar7 = 2
27
1
2 1 : r 4 =
81 4
1
r4 =
3
1
r =
3
1
3
3
1
a =3
3
1
a=3
27
a = 81
1 into 1 :
Substitute r =
3
1 3=3
a
3
1
a=3
27
a = 81
1
1 and a = 81, r =
a = 81, r =
3
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1
14 (a) ar2 = 2 1
4
2
5
ar = 2
3
8
2 1 : r3 =
27
2 3
r3 =
3
2
r=
3
2
3
2 2 9
a =
3
4
4
9
a=
9
4
81
a =
16
81 , r = 2
a =
16
3
(b) T2 = ar
81 2
=
16
3
27
=
8
3
1
3
15 a = and r =
4
2
4
2
=
3
n1
3
4
2

=
4 3
27
n1
2
16
=
3
81
n1
2
2 4
=
3
3
n1=4
n=5
1
1
= 15 1 15 1
9
3
1
= 13 10
3
1
= 3
3
1
(b) S = 15 1
3
= 15
12
2
=
1
20
3
1r
1
2
= (1 r)
12
3
1
=1r
8
7
r=
8
r = 9(1 r)
2 = 9r 9r2
9r2 9r + 2 = 0
(3r 1)(3r 2) = 0
1
2
r=
or r =
3
3
1
Substitute r =
into 2 :
3
2
a =
1
3
=6
2
3
2
a =
2
3
=3
2
1
a = 3, r = and a = 6, r =
3
3
From 1 and 2 :
9
17 For a geometric progression 2, 3, , ...
2
3
a = 2 and r =
2
Sn 30
a =9
21
1r
a = 9(1 r) 1
ar = 2
2
a= 2
r
ar + ar2 = 30
ar (1 + r) = 30 1
ar3 = 27 2
9
r2
2 1 : =
10
1+r
10r2 = 9 + 9r
2
10r 9r 9 = 0
(5r + 3)(2r 3) = 0
3 or r =
3
r=
5
2
3
2 1
2
3
1
2
n
3
1
2
3
n log10
2
n
n
4 2
1
(b) The first 3 terms are , and
5 5
5
4
1
with a =
and r =
5
2
4
5
S =
1
1
2
3
= 1
5
19 (a) T2 = S2 S1
h(5h + 1) = 0
1
h = 0 or h =
5
1
h=
5
16
a+1=9
a=8
8r3 = 1
1
r3 =
8
1
r=
2
1
a = 8, r =
2
4
1
81
2
(b) S4 =
1
1
2
= 15
30
1
7
2
log 8 2
1
10
5.278
=6
18 (a) a(ar6) = ar3

ar3 = 1 1
a + ar3 = 9 2
22 (a)
1 + 3h
1 + 4h
=
1+h
1 + 3h
1 + 6h + 9h2 = 1 + 5h + 4h2
5h2 + h = 0
2
23 (a) ar2 = 2 1
3
8
ar5 = 2
81
1
r3 =
27
1
r=
3
1
Substitute r =
into 1 :
3
2
1
8
a =
3
3
8
a = (9)
3
= 24
1
a = 24, r =
3
24
(b) S =
1
1
3
= 36
2 1
24 2.555 ... = 2 + 0.5 + 0.05 + 0.005 + ...

0.5
= 2 +
1 0.1
5
=2+
9
5
= 2
9
25 (a) Let PQ and QPR be x cm and
respectively.
1
A1 = x2 sin
2
1 x x
sin
A2 =
2 2 2
1
= x2 sin
8
1 x x
A3 = sin
2 4 4
1
= x2 sin
32
A2
A3
1
=
=
4
A1
A2
A2
A3
Since = , thus the areas of
A1
A2
triangles form a geometric
1.
progression with common ratio
4
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1 2
x sin
2
2
(b) S = = x2 sin
3
1
1
4
2 2
x sin
3
2
1
=
3
2
1
2
x sin
2
4
=
3
3
26 (a) a = 80 and r =
4
T4 = ar3
3
3
= 80
4
= 33.75
80
(b) S =
3
1
4
= 320
3
27 (a) h1 = 32
4
= 24 cm
3
h2 = 24
4
= 18 cm
3
h3 = 18
4
= 13.5 cm
The respective height of the ball
are as follows:
24 cm, 18 cm, 13.5 cm
h
18
2 =
h1
24
3
=
4
h
13.5
3 =
h2
18
3
=
4
Since the ratios are equal, the
height of the ball form a geometric
progression with the common ratio
3.
of
4
(b) The height of 6th bounce,
T6 = ar 5
3 5
= 24
4
= 5.695 cm
(c) The total distance traveled
= 32 + 2(24) + 2(18) + 2(13.5) + ...
48
= 32 +
3
1
4
= 32 + 192
= 224 cm
28 (a) A1 = x2
x x
A2 =
2 2
1
= x2
4
x x
A3 =
4 4
1
= x2
16
A3
A2
1
=
=
4
A2
A1
A3
Since
=
A2
the squares
A2
, so the areas of
A1
form a geometric
1
progression with common ratio .
4
(b) (i) A1 = 162

= 256 cm
1 2
T3 = 256
4
= 16 cm2
The area of the 3rd square
is 16 cm2.
256
(ii) S =
1
1
4
1
= 341 cm
3
29 (a) P1 = 3x
3
P2 = x
2
3x
P3 =
4
P3
P2
1
=
=
2
P2
P1
P2
P3
Since = so the perimeters
P2
P1
of the triangles form a geometric
1
progression with common ratio .
2
(b) (i) P1 = 3(64)
= 192 cm
1 8
T9 = 192
2
= 0.75 cm
So, the length of the side of
the 9th triangle
0.75
=
3
= 0.25 cm
192
(ii) S =
1
1
2
= 384 cm
x
x4
30 (a) =
x+5
x
x2 = x2 + x 20
x = 20
20
(b) r =
25
4
=
5
25
(c) S =
4
1
5
= 125
S3 = 25 + 20 + 16
= 61
The difference is 125 61 = 64
Sn
n
[2(21) + (n 1)(1)]
2
n
(43 n)
2
n(43 n)
n2 43n + 252
(n 7)(n 36)
n = 7 or n = 36
n=7
(b) T7 = a + 6d
= 21 + 6(1)
= 15
31 (a)
= 126
= 126
= 126
= 252
=0
=0
S10 = 310
5(2a + 9d) = 310
2a + 9d = 62 1
S3 = 114
3
(2a + 2d) = 114

2
2a + 2d = 76 2
1 2 : 7d = 14
d = 2
2a + 9(2) = 62
2a = 80
a = 40
a = 40, d = 2
(b)
Tn = 30
40 + (n 1)(2) = 30
2(n 1) = 10
n1=5
n=6
The 6th part has a length of
30 cm.
7
(c) S7 = [2(40) + 6(2)]
2
7
= (68)
2
= 238
The sum of the last three parts
= 310 238
= 72 cm
32 (a)
33 (a) S2 = 22 + 3(2)
= 10
(b) T2 = S2 S1
= 10 (1 + 3)
=6
(c) d = T2 T1
=64
=2
Sn = 40
n
(2 + 14) = 40
2
n
(16) = 40
2
8n = 40
n=5
5
(b) [2(2)] + 4d] = 40
2
4 + 4d = 16
4d = 12
d=3
The lengths of the other sides
= 5 cm, 8 cm, 11 cm
34 (a)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
13 Linear Law
Booster Zone
1 (a)
b
y = ax +
x
y
b
= a + 2
x
x
1
= b 2 + a
x
y and X =
1,
where Y =
x
x2
and the gradient, m = b
the Y-intercept = a
a
y=
x +bx
y
a +b
=
x x
x
1
= a
x x +b
y
1
where Y = and X =
x x,
x
and the gradient, m = a
the Y-intercept = b
a
(c)
y = + b x
x
y
a
=
x +b
x
1
=a
x +b
(h)
(i)
(b)
(j)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
y
1
where Y =
x and X =
x
the Y-intercept = b
a
b
y=
x +
x2
2
x y = ax + b
where Y = x2y and X = x,
the Y-intercept = b
y = ab x
log10 y = log10 ab x
= log10 a + log10 b x
= x log10 b + log10 a
= (log10 b)x + log10 a
where Y = log10 y and X = x
and the gradient, m = log10 b
the Y-intercept = log10 a
y = ax b
log10 y = log10 ax b
= log10 a + log10 x b
= b log10 x + log10a
where Y = log10 y and X = log10 x
and the gradient, m = b
the Y-intercept = log10 a
xy = a(x + b)
xy = ax + ab
where Y = xy and X = x,
the Y-intercept = ab
y = ax2 + x + b
y x = ax2 + b
where Y = y x and X = x2,
the Y-intercept = b
x
y =
ax + b
y(ax + b) = x
x
ax + b =
y
x
= ax + b
y
x and X = x,
where Y =
y
the Y-intercept = b
a
y =
x+b
y(x + b) = a
x+b =
1
a
y
1
1
b
= x+
a
y
a
1
where Y = and X = x,
y
1
and the gradient, m =
a
b
the Y-intercept =
a
ax + by = xy
ax
+b=x
y
ax
=xb
y
x
x
b
=
y
a
a
1
b
= x
a
a
x
where Y = and X = x,
y
1
and the gradient, m =
a
b
the Y-intercept =
a
y = bax
log10 y = log10 bax
= log10 b + log10 ax
= x log10 a + log10 b
= (log10 a)x + log10 b
where Y = log10 y and X = x,
and the gradient, m = log10 a
the Y-intercept = log10 b
(k)
(l)
51
2 (a) m =
35
4
=
2
= 2
Y = 2X + c
The line passes through point

(5, 1).
1 = 2(5) + c
c = 11
The equation of the straight line
is
Y = 2X + 11
y
= 2x2 + 11
x
5
y = 2x 2 + 11 x
1 (3)
(b) m =
15
4
=
4
= 1
Y=X+c
The line passes through point (1, 1).
1 = 1 + c
c=2
Y = X + 2
y
= x + 2
x
y = x2 + 2x
52
(c) m =
21
=3
Y = 3X + c
2 = 3(1) + c
c = 1
is
Y = 3X 1
log10 y = 3log10(x + 1) 1
= 3log10(x + 1) log1010
(x + 1)3
= log10
10
(x + 1)3
y =
10
30
(d) m =
02
3
=
2
Y-intercept, c = 3
3 X+3
Y =
2
1
3
1 +3
=
y
2 x
3 + 6x
=
2x
2x
y=
6x 3
41
3 (a) m =
42
3
=
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

3
Y = X + c
2
3
1 = (2) + c
2
c = 2
is
3
Y = X 2
2
3
xy = x 2
2
2 +
3
y=
x
2
2 +
3
(b) y =
(4)
2
=1
14 (1)
4 m =
41
15
=
3
=5
Y = 5X + c
1 = 5(1) + c
c = 6
y = 5X 6
y
=5x 6
x
y
= 5 (1) 6
(1)
y=1
41
5 (a) m =
60
3
=
6
1
=
2
Y-intercept, c = 1
1
Y=X+1
2
1
log10 y = log10 x + 1
2
1
2 = log10 x + 1
2
1
log10 x = 1
2
log10 x = 2
x = 102
= 100
1
(b) log10 y = log10 x + 1
2
1
= log10 x 2 + log1010
1
= log1010x 2
y = 10 x
6
y = Ab
log10 y = log10 Abx
= log10 A + log10bx
= (log10b)x + log10A
42
m =
32
=2
Y = 2X + log10 A

2 = 2(2) + log10 A
log10 A = 2
A = 102
= 0.01
Compare log10Y = (log10 b)x + log10 A
with Y = 2X + log10 A
log10 b = 2
b = 102
= 100
1
5
7 m =
1
2
2
=
5
2
1
Y=X+
5
5
1
1
2
1 =
+
y
5
5 x
2 + x
=
5x
5x
5x = 2y + xy
xy = 5x + 2y
Compare to xy = px + qy
p = 5, q = 2
20
8 m =
12 6
2
=
6
1
=
3
1
Y =X+c
3
1
0 = (6) + c
3
c = 2
The equation of the straight line is
1
Y=X2
3
1
xy = x2 2
3
1
2
y = x
3
x
6
3y = x
x
h
Compare to ky = x +
x
k = 3, h = 6
9 2y2 + 6y = x
x
y + 3 =
2y
1 x 3
y=
2 y
where c = 3
p = 3
The line passes through point (q, 1).

1
Y=X3
2
1q3
1 =
2
q=2
2
q=4
p = 3, q = 4
10
y = ax b
log10 y = log10ax b
= log10 a + log10 x b
= b log10 x + log10 a
(1)
b =
3
1
=
3
log10 a = 1
a = 101
= 0.1
1
a = 0.1, b =
3
11 y (2x + 1) = 3x
2x + 1
1
=
y
3x
1
1
2
1
=
+
y
3 x
3
The equation of the straight line is

1 X+
2
Y=
3
3
1
2
q = (7) +
3
3
7
+
2
=
3
=3
1 p+
2
2=
3
3
1p=2
2
3
3
4
=
3
p=4
p = 4, q = 3
1 x2 + 4
12 xy =
4
1 X+4
Y =
4
where c = 4
p=4
The line passes through point (q, 2).
1 q+4
2 =
4
1
q=42
4
q=8
p = 4, q = 8
13 (a)
x 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5
y
x 20.5 17.5 14.5 11.5 8.5 5.5

(b)
y = ax + bx2
y
x = bx + a
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
log10 y
2.5
25
22
(1, 19)
20
(8.4, 2.20)
2.0
1.5 (1, 1.15)
15
13
1.0
10
(5, 7)
0.5
5
x
0
1
(i) a = 22 (intercept on y-axis)

7
(ii) b = 19
15
12
=
4
= 3
(iii) When x = 3
y
= 3(3) + 22
3
y = 13(3)
= 39
14 (a)
(b)
y x 1.50 4.95 8.49 12.20 15.43
10
12
y = ab x
log10 y = log10 ab x
log10 a = 1 (intercept on log10 y-axis)
a = 10
2.20 1.15
log10 b =
8.4 1
1.05
=
7.4
= 0.142
b = 100.142
= 1.3868
a = 10, b = 1.3868
SPM Appraisal Zone

y x
Paper 1
24
1 m =
60
2
=
6
1
=
3
1 X+4
Y=
3
1 x2 + 4
xy =
3
4
1x +
y=
x
3
16
14
12
(4, 12.2)
10
8
6
4
2
(1.2, 2)
2 2.2
4
(b) y x = ax + b
From the graph,
12.2 2
a =
4 1.2
10.2
=
2.8
= 3.64
b = 2.2
a = 3.64, b = 2.2
15 (a)
11 3
2 (a) m =
51
8
=
4
=2
Y = 2X + c
3 = 2(1) + c
c=1
Y = 2X + 1
1
y=2 +1
x
1
(b)
5=2 +1
x
2
51=
x
2
x=
4
1
=
2
log10 y 1.15 1.41 1.56 1.99 2.24
3 (a)
qy2 = px3 + 1
p
1
y2 = x3 +
q
q
2
Y = X + c
3
2 (3) + c
6=
3
c=62
=4
2
Y=X+4
3
p
1
2
y = x3 +
q
q
1
=
4
q
1
q=
4
p
2
=
1
3
4
1
p =
6
1
p=
6
1
1, q =
p=
4
6
2
(b)
Y = X + 4
3
2
2=k+4
3
2
k = 2
3
k = 3
4 (a) y(2x + k)
1
y
1
y
2
=h
2x + k
=
h
k
2
=
x+
h
h
62
=
80
4
=
8
1
=
2
h=4
k
=2
h
k
=2
4
k=8
h = 4, k = 8
42
1
(b) =
k0
2
2
1
=
k
2
k=4
5 y = x2 + 2x
y
= x + 2
x
Y = X + 2
The line passes through point (1, p).
p = (1) + 2
=1
The line passes through point
(q, 3).
3 = (q) + 2
q=5
p = 1, q = 5
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
6 4x + 3y = 9xy
4x
+ 3 = 9x
y
4x
= 9x 3
y
1
9
1 +
3
=
y
4
4 x
3X+
9
Y =
4
4
3 .
The line passes through point p,
2
3 =
3 (p) +
9
2
4
4
9 3
3 p=
4
4
2
p=1
The line passes through point (2, q).

3 (2) +
9
q=
4
4
3
=
4
3
p = 1, q =
4
x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

y
2 2.00 3.56 5.00 6.56 8.11
x
3.1 11.5 19.1 26.4 34.2

y
x2
b
y = a x +
x
y x = ax + b
26.5 ( 3.5)
(i) a =
4 0
= 7.5
(ii) b = 3.5
(b)
8
7
(2.5, 6.56)
6
5
y x
4
40
3
35
2
30
1
(4, 26.5)
25
20
15
10
1
3.5
12 (a)
x 1.00 0.50 0.33 0.25 0.20 0.17

1
y 1.85 1.18 0.89 0.75 0.67 0.61
0.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1.15
14 (a)
2.0
xx
0.59
1.84
3.04
4.94
7.41
yx
8.62
7.10
5.65
3.41
0.39
y x
(1, 1.85)
1.8
1.0
y
(b) 2 = ax + b
x
6.56 (1.15)
(i) a =
2.5 0
= 3.084
(ii) b = 1.15
(iii) From the graph, when
x = 0.5
y
2 = 0.4
x
y = (0.5)2(0.4)
= 0.1
13 (a)
x
yx
7 log10 y = log10 ax
= log10 a + log10 xb
= b log10 x + log10a
1
3
b =
21
= 2
Y = 2 X + c
1 = 2(2) + c
c=5
log10 a = c
=5
a = 105
= 100 000
a = 100 000, b = 2
9 y x = px + q
28
p =
41
6
=
3
p=2
Y = 2X + c
8 = 2(1) + c
c=6
q=c
=6
p = 2, q = 6
Paper 2
11 (a)
x k
8 xy = h
y
91
h =
31
8
=
2
=4
Y = 4X + c
1 = 4(1) + c
c = 3
k = c
= 3
k=3
h = 4, k = 3
b =1
a
(b)
y
x
1
1
1
a
= +
y
b
b x
1
= 0.38
b
1
b =
0.38
= 2.6316
1.85 0.38
a =
10
a = 3.8684
10 xy = x + h
k0
= 1
13
k=2
Y=X+c
0 = (3) + c
c=3
h=c
=3
h = 3, k = 2
10
1.6
9.35
9
1.4
8
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.8
5
4
0.6
3
0.4
0.38
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
7.75
1
x x
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1.0
0 9.35
(i) a =
7.75 0
= 1.2065
(ii) b = 9.35
0.9
0.8
0.7
15 (a)
x
(b) log10 y = log10 ab x

log10 y
(b) From the graph,

y x = ax x + b
0.6
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
log10 y 0.792 0.672 0.568 0.462 0.342 0.230
0.5
0.4
0.3
(3, 0.23)
0.2
0.1
x
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
From the graph,

(i) log10 a = 0.9
a = 100.9
= 7.9433
0.9 0.23
(ii) log10 b =
03
= 0.2233
b = 100.2233
= 0.598
(iii) When x = 2.7
log10 y = 0.295
y = 100.295
= 1.9724
3.5
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
14 Integration
Booster Zone
1 (a)
2x
(b)
x dx
(c)

2 3
= x 2 + c
9
(d)
1
dx

x
2
x1
= + c
1
1
=
x +c
1
dx

5x
(f)
4x dx
3 (a)
=8 x +c
4x
(2
) dx
x
1
= (2 x 2 ) dx
1
x
= 2x + c
1
2
= 2x 2 x + c
(1 x)(1 x ) dx
= (1 x x + x ) dx
3
x2
x2
x2
= x + + c
3
5
2
2
2
2 3
1
2 5
= x x 2 x2 + x 2 + c
3
2
5
(g)
x ( x + 5) dx
= (x + 5 x ) dx
3
5x 2
x2
= + + c
3
2
2
1 2 10 32
= x +
x +c
2
3
2
x (x + ) dx
(h)
x
x 1
dx

x
2
(b)
(i)
x4 + 7x
dx
x3
= (x + 7x2) dx
7x1
x2
= + + c
2
1
7
x2
=
x +c
2
1
(c) (2x )2 dx
2
1
2
= (4x 2x + ) dx
4
3
2
1
2x
4x
= + x + c
4
3
2
4
1
3
2
= x x + x + c
3
4
2x 2
x2
= + + c
5
1
2
2
2 52
= x +4 x +c
5
x)(2 + x)
dx
(2
x
2
dx
4x5
= + c
5
2 (a)
x ) dx
= (1 x2) dx
x1
= x + c
1
1
=x+
x +c
dx
4x
= + c
1
(f)
(f)
= (x 2 + 2x 2 ) dx
2x3
5x
= 3x + + + c
2
3
x2
= 3x + c
3
2
3
2
= 3x x 2 + c
3
1
= 5 + c
25x
(3
(1 + x)(3 + 2x) dx

= (3 + 5x + 2x ) dx
2
(1 2x + 3x ) dx
1
= x 6 dx
5
5
x
= + c
5(5)
(e)
1
(e) (x +
) dx
x3
4
x
x2
= + + c
4
2
1
1
4
+c
= x
2x2
4
= 4x
4
+ 2 ) dx
x
6x3
4x1
= + + c
3
1
4
3
= 2x + c
x
9x3
12x2
= 4x + + c
2
3
= 4x 6x2 + 3x3 + c
2x
3x3
= x + + c
2
3
= x x2 + x3 + c
(e)
(6x
(2 3x) dx
= (4 12x + 9x ) dx
2
= x2 dx
(d)
(d)
4x
3x6
= + c
3
6
2
3
1
8
6
= x x 2 + c
2
3
x2
= + c
3
3
2
(c)
4 x ) dx
3
1
= x6 + c
3
13
= (3x5 4x ) dx
dx
2x6
= + c
6
(b)
(3x
4 x2
dx
x2
= (4x2 1) dx
4x1
= x + c
1
4
=
x x+c
(j)
x2
dx

x
3
= (x 2 2x3) dx
2x 2
x 1
= + c
1
2
1
1
= x + 2 +c
x
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(k)
(3x
= (9x
(g)
x )2 dx
3
6x 2 + x) dx
5
6x
9x
x
= + + c
5
3
2
2
12 5
1
= 3x3 x 2 + x2 + c
5
2
(l)
(x 2
x )2 dx
3
= (x2 4x + 4x) dx
5
4x
4x2
x3
= + + c
5
3
2
2
1
8 5
= x3 x 2 + 2x2 + c
3
5
4 (a)
(3x 5)
dx
(3x 5)5
= + c
5(3)
(3x
5)5
= + c
15
(b)
(1 x)
dx
(1 x)6
= + c
6(1)
1
= (1 x)6 + c
6
(c)
(2 3x)
dx
3
(2 3x)
= + c
3(3)
1
= (2 3x)3 + c
9
(d)
1 2x dx
= (1 2x) dx
1
(1 2x) 2
= + c
3
(2)
2
3
1
= (1 2x) 2 + c
3
(e)
4x + 5
dx
3
(4x + 5) 2
= + c
3
(4)
2
3
1
= (4x + 5) 2 + c
6
(f)
dx
(x + 2)3
= 4(x + 2)3 dx
4(x + 2)2
= + c
2
2
= 2 + c
(x + 2)
(2x
+ 1)
dy
(d) = x2(x 3)
dx
dx
= (2x + 1)2 dx
(2x + 1)1
= + c
1(2)
1
= + c
2(2x + 1)
3
3
dx
(h)
2x 3
= 27(2x 3)3 dx
27(2x 3)2
= + c
2(2)
27
= 2 + c
4(2x 3)
6
(i) 5 dx
(x 2)
= 6(x 2)5 dx
6(x 2)4
= + c
4
3
=
+c
2(x 2)4
5
(j)
dx
2 6x
= 5(2 6x)
dx
5(2 6x) 2
= + c
1
(6)
2
5
= 2 6x + c
3
dy
5 (a) = 2x 5
dx
y = (2x 5) dx
= x2 5x + c
At (4, 2)
2 = (4)2 5(4) + c
2 = 4 + c
c= 2
y = x2 5x + 2
dy
(b) = 15x2 12
dx
y = (15x2 12) dx
= 5x3 12x + c
At (1, 3),
3 = 5(1)3 12(1) + c
3 = 7 + c
c = 10
y = 5x3 12x + 10
dy
(c) = x2(2x + 1)
dx
y = (2x3 + x2) dx
1
1
= x 4 + x3 + c
2
3
At (1, 1),
1
1
1 = + + c
2
3
11
c =
6
1
11
1
y = x 4 + x3
3
6
2
y = (x3 3x2) dx
x4
= x3 + c
4
At (2, 6),
6 = 4 8 + c
c = 2
1
y = x4 x3 2
4
dy
(e) = 2x(x 3)
dx
y = (2x2 6x) dx
2
= x3 3x2 + c
3
At (3, 6),
6 = 18 27 + c
c = 15
2
y = x3 3x2 + 15
3
dy
(f) = (3x 2)2
dx
y = (9x2 12x + 4) dx
= 3x3 6x2 + 4x + c
At (1, 2),
2=36+4+c
c=1
y = 3x3 6x2 + 4x + 1
4
dy
(g) = 2
(x + 2)
dx
y = 4(x + 2)2 dx
4(x + 2)1
= + c
1(1)
4
= + c
x+2
At (2, 7),
7 = 1 + c
c=8
4
y = + 8
x+2
dy
(h) = 2x + 3
dx
1
y = (2x + 3) 2 dx
3
(2x + 3) 2
= + c
3
(2)
2
3
(2x
+ 3) 2
= + c
3
At (3, 5),
3
92
5 = + c
3
5=9+c
c = 4
3
(2x + 3) 2
y = 4
3
2
dy
6 = 3x2 +
x2
dx
y = (3x2 + 2x2) dx
2x1
= x3 + + c
1
2
3
=x +c
x
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Since (1, 3) lies on the curve,

2
3 = (1)3 + c
(1)
3 = 1 + c
c=4
2
y = x3
x +4
dy
7 =
dx
y=
1 + 2x
1 + 2x dx
3
(1 + 2x) 2
= + c
3
(2)
2
3
1
= (1 + 2x) 2 + c
3
When x = 4 and y = 30, we have
1 3
30 = (9) 2 + c
3
30 = 9 + c
c = 21
3
1
y = (1 + 2x) 2 + 21
3
Thus, when x = 0,
1
y = (1) + 21
3
64
=
3
dy
8 (a) = kx 6
dx
dy
At (2, 1),
dx
2k 6
2k
k
(2)2
3 = 2(2) + c
2
3=42+c
c=1
1
y = 2x x2 + 1
2
(e)
5x2
= 6x + c
2
At (2, 1),
5(2)2
1 = 6(2) + c
2
1 = 10 12 + c
c=3
5
y = x2 6x + 3
2
dy
9 (a) = p x
dx
dy
At (2, 3), = 0
dx
p2=0
p=2
dy
(b) = 2 x
dx
y = (2 x) dx
x2
= 2x + c
2
At (2, 3),
(f)
27
9
4
x dx
(h)
(3 2x
4
+
) dx
x3
2x3
2 2
= 3x
x2 1
3
16
1
2
= 6 3 2
3
2
3
1
=
6
2
= x 3 x2 x + c
At (1, 0)
0 = 1 1 1 + c
c=1
y = x 3 x2 x + 1
12 (a)
3 dx

2
x
2
1

2x 1
dx
x3
3
= 2x +
x

4 dx
x2 4 +
1
x2
4 4
x3
= 4x
x 1
3
(b)
= (48 16) (3 2)
= 31
x
4
10 dx

x2
1
10
= x4 +
x 2
4
5
= (64 + ) (4 + 5)
2
1
= 57
2

(x
3
5x + 6) dx
3
x3
5x2
= + 6x
2
3
2
45
8
= 9 + 18 10 + 12
2
3
1
=
6
3
4
x3) dx
(x 2)(x 3) dx
=
(6x 3 x ) dx
= 3x2 2x 2
64
1
= 16 1 4 4
3
3
= 12
2
1 2
=
x +
2x2 1
1
1
= 1 + 2 +
8
2
5
=
8
(2x
1
= (6 + 1) (2 + 3)
=2
(d)
=64
=2
y = (3x2 2x 1) dx
(c)
3 4 27
= x 3
1
4
243
3
=
4
4
= 60
dy
(b) = 3x2 2x 1
dx
(b)

dx
x
(g)
... 2
= 2 x
4p = 8
p = 2
2 + q = 3
q = 1
dy
(b) = 5x 6
dx
y = (5x 6) dx
3
= x2 2x 13
2
3 16
4
3
= 2 2
2 9
3
2
1
=
2
1 + 2:
11 (a)
(3x 2) dx

=4
=4
= 10
=5
dy
10 (a) = 3x2 + px + q
dx
dy
At (1, 0), = 0
dx
3(1)2 + p(1) + q = 0
p + q = 3
... 1
dy
At (3, 32), = 0
dx
32 = 3(3)2 + p(3) + q
3p q = 5
(c)
2
1

x2 + 1 dx
x2
(1 + x
2
) dx
1
= x
x
1
= 2 (1 1)
2
3
=
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(d)
2 + x dx
x2
(c)
3
(2x2 + x 2 ) dx
(4 + 9x
) dx
(e)
3x + 2 x dx

x
4
4
1
= (12 2) (3 4)
= 11
1
2 2
(g)
x2 +
x dx
2

x (1 x ) dx
(
4
x x) dx
1
2 3
= x 2 x2
2
3
16
= 8
3
8
=
3
13 (a)
dx
(x + 3)2
1
1
=
x + 3 1
1
1
=
4
2
1
=
4
(g)
(3x 2) dx
(c)
16 (a)
(b)
(c)
x dx +
f(x) dx
f(x) dx
f(x) dx +
x dx
[2 f(x) + x] dx
f(x) dx +
f(x) dx +

x dx
1
= 2(4 + 3) + 18
2
35
= 14 +
2
1
= 31
2
f(x) dx
17
f(x) dx
5
1
f(x) dx +
2 3 4
= x 2 + 8
1
3
16
2
= + 8
3
3
2
= 12
3
[f(x) + x] dx
f(x) dx +
f(x) dx +
[ x + f(x)] dx
f(x) dx
=2
1
1 3
f(x) dx = f(x) dx
3
3 1
1
= (3)
3
=1
=2
2x dx
f(x) dx +

f(x) dx = 5 8
f(x) dx =
f(x) dx =
x
= 3 +
2 1
9
1
=3+
2
2
=3+4
=7
3
4
2
= 3
(b)
f(x) dx =
2x + 1 dx
=23
= 1
(5 x)5 dx
f(x) dx
=3+2
=5
(3x 2)
=
18
32
1
=
9
18
1
= 3
2
(b)
14 (a)
= 2
1
= (2x + 1)
3
1
=9
3
26
=
3
3
1
(h)
dx
2 (4 x)4
3
1
=
3(4 x)3 2
1
1
=
3
24
7
=
24
4
0
(b)
15 (a)
(x + 4x + 4x ) dx
= 25 16
=9
[5f(x) 2x] dx
dx
= 5(5) x2 0
4
1
= (5 x)6
3
6
1
32
=
6
3
1
= 10
2
4 1
x5
= + 2x2
x 2
5
1
32
= + 2 + 4 + 8 + 2
5
5
1
= 2
5
(h)
(f)
(3x + 1)
(3 + 2x 2 ) dx
4
= 3x
x
2
= 3x + 1
3
8
4
=
3
3
4
=
3
=5
= (12 3) (4 9)
= 14
(f)
(c)
9
= 4x
x
1
dx
3x 2
2
2 4
=
x
x 1
1
= 1 (2 2)
2
1
= 2
2
3
1
(e)
(4x2 + 9) dx
1 x2
2
2
= 3x 2
1
3
4
2
=
3
3
2
=
3
1
1
dx
(d)
0 (3x + 2)2
1
1
=
3(3x + 2) 0
1
1
=
15
6
1
=
10
[f(x) + kx] dx = 28
f(x) dx +
kx dx = 28
kx2 5
4 + = 28
2 1
25
1
k
k = 24
2
2

12k = 24
k=2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
18 (a)
5
1
f(x) dx
5
3
=
5
(b) Area =
4 3
=
x 2
4
= (2)
3
4
=2
3
2
= unit2
3

f(x) dx
[f(x) + 2] dx
5
f(x) dx +
f(x) dx +
2 dx
5
f(x) dx +
= 10 + 2x 3
(d) Area =
= 10 + (10 6)
= 14
dx = 16
3
1
(y 3)
4
(y
x
= 16
1 + 5x
3
1
+ 2 dy
6y + 11) dy
4
y3
= 3y2 + 11y
1
3
64
1
= 48 + 44 3 + 11
3
3
3
1
= 16
16
6
1
=
3
y = x 6 + 3x2
20
3x2
dy
= 6 + 3x2 +
dx
6 + 3x2
6 + 3x2 + 3x2
=
6 + 3x2

1+x
5
dx = x 6 + 3x2
1
6 + 3x2
1 + x2
1
dx = (45 3)
6
6 + 3x2
(x
3
2x + 2) dx
x
= x2 + 2x
3
y3
= y2
3
8
=4
3
4
=
3
4
= unit2
3
1
27
3
y dy
3 4 27
= y 3
8
4
243
= 12
4
3
= 48 unit2
4
3
y2
(d) Area = dy
0 16
=7
21 (a) Area =
y(y 2) dy
0
(c) Area =
6 + 6x2
= (shown)
6 + 3x2
5
= 9 unit
(b) Area =
3
0
=99+6
= 6 unit2
y3 3
=
48 0
9
= unit2
16

23 (a) y = x
... 1
y = 8x x2 ... 2
8
7
dx
(1 + 5x)2
x3
= 4x2
3
22 (a) Area
=
(8x x ) dx
= (9)
= 9 unit2
1
= 2 (shown)
(1 + 5x)
2
(x 3)2 dx
1 + 5x 5x
dy
=
(1 + 5x)2
dx
(x 3)3
=
3
x
19 y =
1 + 5x
4

1 + 5x
2
= 10 unit2
3
3
4
(c) Area = 2 dx
2 x
= 2(10)
= 20
(c)

1
= 9 + 3 + 1
3
2 f(x) dx
x = 8x x2
x2 7x = 0
x(x 7) = 0
x = 0 or x = 7
y=7
1
Area of A = (7)(7)
2
1
= 24 unit2
2
At x-axis,
y=0
8x x2 = 0
x2 8x = 0
x(x 8) = 0
x = 0 or x = 8
Area of B
+ 1) dx
= 2
x3
= + x
3
f(x) dx
3
= (10)
5
=6
(b)
(x
2
0

512
343
= 256 196
3
3
2
= 3 unit2
3
Area of combined region
1
2
= 24 + 3
2
3
1
2
= 28 unit
6
(b) y = 8x
... 1
y = 9 x2 ... 2
8x = 9 x2
2
x + 8x 9 = 0
(x + 9)(x 1) = 0
x = 9 or x = 1
Substitute x = 1 into 1 ,
y = 8(1)
=8
1
Area of A = (1)(8)
2
= 4 unit2
At x-axis, y = 0
9 x2 = 0
x = 3
Area of B
=
(9 x ) dx
3
x3
= 9x
3
3
1
1
= (27 9) 9
3
1
= 9 unit2
3
1
= 4 + 9
3
1
= 13 unit2
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(c) Area of A = 2 2
= 4 unit2
4
8
Area of B = 2 dx
2 x
4
x3
= 2x2 + 5x
1
3
64
1
= 32 + 20 2 5
3
3
2
= 16 unit2
3
1
2
= 37 16
2
3
5
= 20 unit2
6
(b) y = 7
... 1
y = 8x x2 ... 2
7 = 8x x2
x2 8x + 7 = 0
(x 1)(x 7) = 0
x = 1 or x = 7
Area of square = 6 7
= 42 unit2
Area under the curve

8
=
x
4
2
= 2 (4)
= 2 unit2
=4+2
= 6 unit2
(d) At x-axis, y = 0
x(x 1)(x 4) = 0
x = 0 or x = 1 or x = 4
Area of A
=
(x3 5x2 + 4x) dx
x4
5x3
= + 2x2
4
3
1
5
=+2
4
3
7
= unit2
12
1
0

7
1
= + 11
12
4
5
= 11 unit2
6
24 (a) y = 9 x
... 1
y = x2 4x + 5 ... 2
9 x = x2 4x + 5
x2 3x 4 = 0
(x + 1)(x 4) = 0
x = 1 or x = 4
y = 9 (1)
= 10
y=94
=5
Area of trapezium
1
= (5)(10 + 5)
2
1
= 37 unit2
2
=
(x 4x + 5) dx
8 = x2 8x + 20
x2 8x + 12 = 0
(x 2)(x 6) = 0
x = 2 or x = 6
Area of square = 4 8
= 32 unit2
2
8x + 20) dx
x3
= 4x2 + 20x
3
=2
1
4
(4) = 2
k
4
=2
k
k= 2
(b)
3x(x 2) dx = 4
k3 3k2 (8 12) = 4
k3 3k2 = 0
k2(k 3) = 0
k=3

3
1
=
2
2
= 1 unit2
(d) y = 8
... 1
y = x2 8x + 20 ... 2
dx = 2
x2
(x
x3 3x2 2 = 4
x
= 4x2
3 1
343
1
= 196 4
3
3
= 78 unit2
= 78 42
= 36 unit2
(c) Area of trapezium
1
= (1)(1 + 2)
2
3
= unit2
2
2
1
= 2 dx
1 x
1 2
=
x 1
1
= (1)
2
1
= unit2
2
4x
(x3 5x2 + 4x) dx
4
x4
5x3
= + 2x2
1
4
3
320
1
5
= 64 + 32 + 2
3
4
3
1
= 11
4
1
= 11 unit2
4
25 (a)
(8x x ) dx
7
Area of B
=
8
= 72 144 + 120 16 + 40
3
1
= 21 unit2
3
1
= 32 21
3
2
= 10 unit2
3
6
2
(c)
3x2 dx = 26
k
3
x3 k = 26
27 k3 = 26
k3 = 1
k= 1
(d)
[(y 2)2 + 1] dy = 6
y
2y

3
3
+ 5y
=6
1
1
k3
2k2 + 5k ( 2 + 5) =
3
3
28
k3
2k2 + 5k =
3
3
k3 6k2 + 15k 28 =
(k2 2k + 7)(k 4) =
k=4
26 (a) Volume =
4
2
6
0
0
0
144
dx
(x + 2)2
144
=
x+2
4
2
= [24 (36)]
= 12 unit3
(b) Volume =
1
1
dx
(x + 2)2
1
=
x+2
1
1
1
= (1)
3
2
= unit2
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(c) Volume =
(5 + 4x x2) dx
x3
= 5x + 2x2
3
(c)
16x dx
= 8x2
(d)
4
0
4
3
9
= 16 8 12
2
1
= unit3
2
4
y
(b) Volume = dy
0 2
y2 4
=
4 0
= 4 unit3

(c) Volume =
1 (a)
(y 2) dy
2
y
= 2y
2

(b)
(16y 8y + y )dy
16y3
y5 4
= 2y4 +
3
5 0
1024
1024
= 512 +
3
5
2
= 34 unit3
15
2 (a)
28 (a) 8x dx = 32
1
4x2 1 = 32
2
4k 4 = 32
4k2 = 36
k2 = 9
k = 3
k=3
2
16
(b) 2 = 8
k (3 x)
16

3 x
=8
k
16
16
3k
16
3k
2
k
3
1
dx
(1 + 5x)2
3
1
3
1
= 16
16
6
1
=
3
5 (a) (i)
(2 3x) dx
= (4 12x + 9x ) dx
2
f(x) dx =
f(x) dx
5
2 f(x) dx = 2 f(x) dx
5
(ii)
= 2(4)
=8
1 dx
[f(x) + kx] dx = 28
5
(b)
f(x) dx + kx dx = 28
5
kx2 5
4 + =
2 1
25
1
k
k=
2
2
12k =
k=

x
= 16
1 + 5x
=64
=2
(4y y ) dy
dx = 16
= 2 x 4
0
3
2 2
4

1 + 5x
= 4x 6x2 + 3x3 + c
2
(d) Volume
=
= [8 8 (2 4)]
= 2 unit3
4
= 4
=8
SPM Appraisal Zone

1
= 2 (shown)
(1 + 5x)
(6 y) dy = 8
dy
1 + 5x 5x
=
dx
(1 + 5x)2
k2
36 18 6k = 8
2
k2
6k + 10 = 0
2
k2 12k + 20 = 0
(k 2)(k 10) = 0
k = 2 or k = 10
k=2
(4 y) dy
y2
= 4y
2
x
4 y =
1 + 5x
27 (a) Volume
=
=3
1
y
6y
2
= 128 unit3
4
4
(4) = 3
k
4
=1
k
k=4

Since (2, 7) lies on the curve

4
7 = + c
4
c=8
4
y = + 8
x+2
dy = 3
y2
4y
(d) Volume =
64
= 20 + 32
3
1
5+2
3
= 24 unit3
=8
x + 7x
dx

x
4
= (x + 7x2) dx
x2
7x1
= + + c
2
1
7
1
2
= x + c
x
2
3
1
dx
(b)
0 1 + 5x
2
= 1 + 5x
5
8
2
=
5
5
6
=
5
=3k
=1
4
dy
3 = 2
(x + 2)
dx
4(x + 2)
= + c
1
4
= + c
x+2
24
2
x2
y =
2x 1
2x2 2x
=
(2x 1)2
3
0
2x(x 1)
=
(2x 1)2
(b)
2x(x 1)
x
dx =

(2x 1)
2x 1
2
y = 4(x + 2)2 dx
24
dy
2x(2x 1) 2x2
=
(2x 1)2
dx
=8
6 (a)
28
x(x 1)
x2
=
2x 1
(2x 1)2
2
1
1 4
x(x 1)
=1
2 3
(2x 1)2

1 1
=
2 3
1
=
6
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
7 (a) (i)
1
1 3
f(x) dx
f(x) dx =
0 6
6 0
1
= (12)
6
=2
[f(x) x] dx
0
(ii)
f(x) dx
x2
= 12
2
x dx

9
= 12
2
1
= 7
2
[f(x) + mx] dx = 39
3
(b)
f(x) dx +
mx dx = 39
mx2 3
12 + = 39
2 0
9
m = 27
2

2
m = 27
9
=6
dy
10 = x(2 + 3x)
dx
= x2 + x3 + c
At point (1, 3),
3 = 1 + 1 + c
c = 5
y = x2 + x3 5
At point (2, k),
k = (2)2 + (2)3 5
=4+85
=7
4
8
11 (a)
x3 2 dx
2
x
8 4
x4
= +
x 2
4
= 64 + 2 (4 + 4)
= 58
4
2
(b)
3 x + dx
1
x
dy
9 (a) At point P, = 5
dx
4x 3 = 5
4x = 8
x=2
When x = 2, y = 2(2)
=4
P(2, 4)
dy
(b) = 4x 3
dx

+ 4 x
17 Area of the shaded region

3
1
= (4x x2) dx (3)(3)
0
2
3 3
9
x
2
= 2x
3 0 2
9
= 18 9
2
1
2
= 4 unit
2

x + 1 = (x 1)2
x + 1 = x2 2x + 1
2
x 3x = 0
x(x 3) = 0
x = 0 or x = 3
When x = 0, y = 0 + 1
=1
When x = 3, y = 3 + 1
=4
A(0, 1) and B(3, 4)
18 (a)
4
1
ds
12 = 3(t 1)2 + 2
dt
s = [3(t 1)2 + 2] dt

= (3t

3
1
= (3)(1 + 4) (x 1)2 dx
0
2
6t + 5) dt
2
= t 3t + 5t + c
When t = 1 and s = 5, we have
5=13+5+c
c=2
s = t3 3t2 + 5t + 2
15
(x 1)3
=
2
3
x2 + kx 1
=5
4 + 2k (1 + k) = 5
3+ k= 5
k= 2
[2f(x) kx] dx = 12
5
14
2 f(x) dx
3
kx dx = 12
5

2
15 (a)
= (3x2 + x2) dx
1
=x +c
x
3
(b)
(2x + 5)
dx
(2x + 5)4
= + c
4(2)
1
= (2x + 5)4 + c
8
3
0

8
19 x = 2
x
x3 = 8
x=2
When x = 2, y = 2
4
1
8
= (2)(2) +
2 dx
2 x
2

kx
2(8) = 12
2 3
25
9
k
k=4
2
2
8k = 4
1
k=
2
1
x2(3 + 4 ) dx
x
15
1
8
=
2
3
3
1
2
= 4 unit
2
(2x + k) dx = 5
13
= 16 + 8 (2 + 4)
= 18
y = (4x 3) dx
= 2x2 3x + c
When x = 2 and y = 4, we have
4 = 2(2)2 3(2) + c
c=2
y = 2x2 3x + 2

= 2x
The coordinates are (1, 8) and (4, 8).
y dx + x dy
=48
= 32
y = (2x + 3x2) dx
dy
x2 4
8 =
x2
dx
y = (1 4x2) dx
4
=x++c
x
7=2+2+c
c=3
4
y=x++3
x
When y = 8
4
8=x++3
x
8x = x2 + 4 + 3x
x2 5x + 4 = 0
(x 1)(x 4) = 0
x = 1 or x = 4
16

8
= 2 +
x
4
2
= 2 + [2 (4)]
= 4 unit2
20
k
1
dx =
x2
8x
k
1
2
k
dx
x2
8
=
x
8
(8) =
k
8
8 =
k
16
=
k
2
k
8
4
k
8
4
k
12
1
k = 1
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
21 Area of region M
=
(x
1
25 Volume formed =
3x2 + 2x) dx
x
= x3 + x2
4
1
=1+1
4
1
= unit2
4
(x
3x2 + 2x) dx
22 Area of region A
2
4
=
dx
1 x2
4 2
=
x 1
= 2 (4)
= 2 unit2

Area of region B
4 3
=
x 2
4
= (2)
3
2
= unit2
3

The ratio of the areas of region A to

2
region B is 2 : = 3 : 1.
3
a
dx = 18
2x

3
3
= 18
0
2a3
= 18
3

5x dx = 31
x
= 31
1
k 1
k5
k5
k
=
=
=
=
144
=
x
=6
1
2p2 2 =
2p2 =
p2 =
p=
p=2
6
8
4
2
29 (a) x2 = 8 x2
2x2 = 8
x2 = 4
x = 2
When x = 2, y = (2)2
=4
P(2, 4)
31
32
25
2
x
2
dx
x3 2
=
3 0
8
= unit2
3

(c) Volume of region B generated
(8 y) dy
y2
= 8y
2
8
4
= [64 32 (32 8)]

= 8 unit3
x3 4
= 3x2 16
3 0
64
= 48 16
3
2
= 10 unit2
3
(c) Volume generated
2x = 6x x2
x2 4x = 0
x(x 4) = 0
x = 0 or x = 4
When x = 4, y = 2(4) = 8
A(4, 8)
At x-axis, y = 0
6x x2 = 0
x2 6x = 0
x(x 6) = 0
x=6
B(6, 0)
Hence, A(4, 8) and B(6, 0)
(b) Area of region P
4
1
= (6x x2) dx (4)(8)
0
2
31 (a)
28 4x dx = 6
2x
= [24 (72)]
= 48 unit3
= [48 36 (6 18)]
= 24 unit3

24
(b) Area of region A =
27 Volume formed
4
x2
= 9 1 dx
2
4
4
3
3
= x 9x
2
4
3
a3 = 18
2
= 27
a=3
k
Areas of regions A and B are equal.
2x
1
=2
2
3
= unit3
2
1
=48+4 1+1
4
1
=
4
1
= unit2
4
23
y dy

y2
=
2
x4
= x3 + x2
4
26 Volume generated =
12
8 x =
x
8x x2 = 12
x2 8x + 12 = 0
(x 2)(x 6) = 0
x = 2 or x = 6
12
When x = 2, y = = 6
2
12
When x = 6, y = = 2
6
A(2, 6) and B(6, 2)
(b) The total area of regions P and Q
= Area of trapezium
1
= (6 2)(6 + 2)
2
= 16 unit2
(c) Volume of region Q generated
6
144
=
dx
2
x2
30 (a)

Area of region N
2
1 4
=
x 1
1
= (1)
4
3
= unit3
4
dx
x2
(6x x2)2 dx
(36x2 12x3 + x4) dx
x5
= 12x3 3x4 +
5
6
4
7776
= 2592 3888 +
5
1024
768 768 +
5
2
= 54 unit3
5

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
32 (a) At y-axis, x = 0
2y = 3(0) + 1
1
y=
2
1
A 0,
2
2
y = 2
x
1 1
2
When y = , = 2
2 2
x
x2 = 4
x = 2
1
C 2,
2
(d) Area of shaded region X

=

5
2
= +
x
4

2
1
dx 2
x2
2
1
1
1
= + [ 1 (2)]
4
5
= unit2
4
2
4
=
dx
x4
1

4
= 3
3x
33 (a) y = 4x + 1
At y-axis, x = 0
y dy

36 (a)
(i)
(ii)
1
1
= +
x
8

12

x + 2
(b)
2x2 + 3x = 27
2x + 3x 27 = 0
(2x + 9)(x 3) = 0
9
x = or x = 3
2
When x = 3, y = 32
=9
A(3, 9)
At x-axis, y = 0
3x = 27
x=9
B(9, 0)
Hence, A(3, 9) and B(9, 0).

dx = 12
10
= 12
2
144
(36) = 12
k+2
144
= 24
k+2
9
= + 16 8 12
2
1
3
= 1 unit
2
35 (a)
144

x + 2
4
1
= (1)2(3) + (4 y) dy
3
3
1
1
1
= +
8
4
2
3
= unit2
8
3
8
1
=+ 8 4
2
3
3
3
5
=+
2
3
1
= 3 unit2
6
(c) Volume of region S, generated
y2
= + 4y
2
At x-axis, y = 0
4(0) = x 1
x=1
B(1, 0)
4
1
1
1
= (2 1) +
dx
2 x2
2
4

2
=
3
Equation of the normal PB:
3
y 3 = (x 2)
2
2y 6 = 3x + 6
2y + 3x = 12
(c) 2y + 3x = 12
At x-axis, y = 0
2(0) + 3x = 12
x=4
B(4, 0)
y2 9
=
2 0
1
= 40 unit3
2
y = 4(0) + 1
=1
A(0, 1)
1
1
dy
(b) = (4x + 1) 2 (4)
2
dx
2
=
4x + 1
2
dy
At P(2, 3), =
dx
4(2) + 1
3x = 4 x2
x2 + 3x 4 = 0
(x + 4)(x 1) = 0
x = 4 or x = 1
When x = 1, y = 3(1)
=3
P(1, 3)
(b) Area of region R
2
1
= (1)(3) + (4 x2) dx
1
2

y = x2
Volume generated =
3
1
= + 4x x3
2
3
y
9
34 (a)
1
4
=
6
3
7
3
= unit
6
(c)
= 10 unit3
= 9 + 27
= 36 unit2
= 2x2 + x

= (4x + 1) dx
(b) Area of the shaded region ABC

1
1
= (1) 2 +
2
2
4x + 1 dx
1
1
Hence, A 0, and C 2,
2
2

3
1
= x2 dx + (9 3)(9)
0
2
x3 3
= + 27
3 0
3
2
1
= (4x + 1) 2
0
6
9
1
=
2
6
1
= 4 unit2
3
Area of shaded region Y
1
= (4 2)(3)
2
= 3 unit2
(e) Volume generated
k+2=6
k=4

37 (a)
1
7 3x = x2
4
x2 + 12x 28 = 0
(x + 14)(x 2) = 0
x = 14 or x = 2
When x = 2, y + 3(2) = 7
y=1
P(2, 1)
(b) Area of region A

2
1
= x2 dx
0 4
2
1
= x3
12 0
2
= unit2
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(c) Volume of region B, generated

1
1
= (2)2(6) + 4y dy
0
3
= 8 + 2y 0
2
x = x2 5x + 8
x 6x + 8 = 0
(x 2)(x 4) = 0
x = 2 or x = 4
When x = 2, y = 2
When x = 4, y = 4
P(2, 2) and Q(4, 4)
1
= (4 2)(2 + 4)
2
2
(ii)
(x
4
5x + 8) dx
x
5x
= 6 + 8x
3
2
4
2
64
= 6 40 + 32
3
8
10 + 16
3
2
= 6 4
3
1
= 1 unit2
3
4
k1

dx = 3
x2
4

x
= 8 + 2
= 10 unit3
38 (a) (i)
(b)
=3
k1
=3
4
1
k1
4
k1
k1
k
=4
=1
=2
39 (a) y = 6x2 x3
dy
=0
dx
2
12x 3x = 0
3x2 12x = 0
3x(x 4) = 0
x = 0 or x = 4
When x = 4, y = 6(4)2 43
= 32
P(4, 32)
At x-axis, y = 0
0 = 6x2 x3
3
x 6x2 = 0
x2(x 6) = 0
x = 0 or x = 6
Q(6, 0)

6
1
= (6x2 x3) dx (6 4)(32)
0
2
x4
= 2x3
4
32
0
= 432 324 32
= 76 unit2
40 (a) 3 = x2 + 2
x2 = 1
x = 1
A(1, 3) and B(1, 3)
(b) The area of the shaded region
= (2 3)
(x2 + 2) dx
1
x3
= 6 + 2x
1
3
1
1
=6 +2 2
3
3
1
2
= 1 unit
3

(c) Volume of the shaded region

generated
= (y 2) dy
2
3
y2
= 2y
2
2
9
= 6 (2 4)
2
1
= unit3
2

11
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
15 Vectors
2k = 3
3
k=
2
and kp = 6
3
p=6
2
2
p = 6()
3
=4
Booster Zone
1 (a) a = 2p , b = 3p
~
~ ~
~
1
1b
(b) p = a and p =
~
2
~
~
3~
1
1
So, a = b
2 ~
3~
3
a
b = ~
~
2
(c) |a | = |2p |
~
~
= 2(2)
= 4 units
|b | = |3p |
~
~
= |3| |p |
~
=32
= 6 units
2 (a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
FC = 2a
~
EB = 2c
~
OF = a
~
AF = c
~
| ED| = 3 units
CF = 2a
~
| CF| = |2| |a |
~
= 2(3)
= 6 units
PQ
3
3 =
SR
5
3
PQ = SR
5
3
PQ = (10a )
~
5
= 6a
~
4 (a) AB = 2u , AC = 2v
~
~
4
(b) AD = AE
5
4
= w
5 ~
1
DE = AE
5
1
= w
5~
1w
ED =
5~
5
u = k ~v
~
3 a + 6 b = k(2 a + p b )
~
~
~
~
3 a + 6 b = 2k a + kp b
~
~
~
~
By comparison,
6 AB = p PQ
2u 5v = p[4u + (k 6)v ]
~
~
~
2u 5v = 4pu + p(k 6)v
~
~
~
~
By comparison,
4p = 2
1
p=
2
and
p(k 6) = 5
1
(k 6) = 5
2
k 6 = 10
k = 10 + 6
= 4
7 PQ = 3a
~
1
a = PQ
~
3
QR = 6a
~
1
a = QR
6
1
1
PQ = QR
3
6
1
PQ = QR
2
1
Since PQ = QR and Q is the
2
common point, therefore, P, Q and R
are collinear.
8
h4=0
h=4
2k 1 = 0
2k = 1
1
k=
2
p + 2q 5 = 0
1
p + 2q = 5
2q p + 3 = 0
2
p 2q = 3
1 + 2 : 2p = 8
p=4
4 + 2q = 5
2q = 1
1
q=
2
10
4m 9n
m 6n
2 4 : 4m 24n
15n
1 3:
=
=
=
=
5
0
0
5
1
n=
3
1
2
3
1
Substitute n = into 2 :
3
1
m 6() = 0
3
m2=0
m=2
MD = MC + CD
= 3b a
~ ~
2
(b)
ND = BC
3
2
= (6b )
3 ~
= 4b
~
DN = 4b
~
(c) NM = ND + DM
= 4b + a 3b
~ ~
~
=a+b
~ ~
11 (a)
12 (a) PR = PS + SR
= 2b + a
~ ~
= a + 2b
~
~
1
PX = PR
2
1
= (a + 2b )
~
2 ~
1
= a + b
2~ ~
1
(b) PY = PX
2
1 1
= ( a + b )
2 2~ ~
1
1
= a + b
4~
2 ~
QY = QP + PY
1
1
= a + a + b
~
4~
2~
3
1
= a + b
4~
2~
2
(c) PZ = PS
3
2
= (2b )
3 ~
4
= b
3~
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
XZ = XP + PZ
4
1 ab+
=
b
3 ~
2 ~ ~
1
1 a+
=
b
3~
2 ~
QP = QR + RP
= 4a + 2b
~
~
ZP = ZQ + QP
= a 4a 2b
~
~
~
= 5a 2b
~
~
(b) ZP = 5 ZY
1
ZY = ZP
5
1
= (5a 2b )
~
~
5
2
= a
b
~ 5~
QY = QZ + ZY
2
= a + (a b )
~
~ 5~
2
= b
5 ~
(c) YX = YZ + ZR + RX
2
= (a + b ) + 3 a + b
~
~ ~
5~
13 (a)
7
= 4a + b
~
5~
(i) MQ = MP + PQ
= 2b + 3a
~
~
= 3a 2b
~
~
1
MN = MQ
5
1
= (3a 2b )
~
5 ~
3
2
= a b
5 ~ 5 ~
(ii) SN = SP + PM + MN
3
2
= a + 2b + ( a b)
~ ~ 5~ 5~
2
8
= a + b
5~
5~
(iii) SR = SP + PR
= a + 4b
~
~
2
8
(b) SN = a + b
5 ~
5~
2
= (a + 4b )
~
5 ~
2
= SR
5
The points S, N and R are
collinear.
2
(c)
SN = SR
5
SN
2
=
5
SR
14 (a)
SN : SR = 2 : 5
SN : NR = 2 : 3
(b)
15 (a) OM = OP + PM
= 2a + b
~ ~
(b) ON = OR + RN
= 2b + a
~ ~
= a + 2b
~
~
(c) PN = PQ + QN
(c)
= 2b + (a )
~
~
= a + 2b
~
~
3
16 (a) MC = ND
2
3
= (2b )
2 ~
(b) AC
(c) ME
= 3b
~
= AM + MC
3
= (2a ) + 3b
~
2 ~
= 3a + 3b
~
~
= MN + NE
= a 2b
~
~
17 (a) AB = AO + OB
= a + b
~ ~
(b) (i) OR = OA + AR
= a + h(a + b )
~
~ ~
= a ha + hb
~
~
~
= (1 h)a + hb
~
~
(ii) OR = k OC
= k(a + 2b )
~
~
= ka + 2kb
~
~
(1 h)a + hb = ka + 2kb
~
~
~
~
(c) By comparison,
1h=k
h+k=1 1
h = 2k
2
h 2k = 0
1 2 : 3k = 1
1
k=
3
1
Substitute k = into 1 :
3
1
h+=1
3
1
h=1
3
2
=
3
18 (a) PS = PR + RS
= 2q + 2p
~
~
= 2p + 2q
~
~
QR = QP + PR
= p + 2q
~
~
(i) PT = PS
= (2p + 2q )
~
~
= 2 p + 2 q
~
~
(ii) QT = QR
= (p + 2q )
~
~
= p + 2 q
~
~
PT = PQ + QT
2 p + 2 q = p p + 2 q
~
~ ~
~
~
2 p + 2 q = (1 )p + 2 q
~
~
~
~
By comparison,
2 = 2
= (shown)
2
(i) OR = OQ
3
2
= (9q )
3 ~
= 6q
~
PR = PO + OR
= 4p + 6q
~
~
(ii) SQ = SO + OQ
= 2p + 9q
~
~
(b) (i) TR = h PR
= h(4p + 6q )
~
~
= 4hp + 6hq
~
~
(ii) TQ = k SQ
= k(2p + 9q )
~
~
= 2kp + 9kq
~
~
(c) RQ = RT + TQ
3q = 4hp 6hq 2kp + 9kq
~
~
~
~
~
3q = (4h 2k)p + (9k 6h)q
~
~
~
By comparison,
4h 2k = 0 1
6h + 9k = 3
2h + 3k = 1 2
2 2 : 4h + 6k = 2 3
4k = 2
1 + 3:
1
k=
2
1
Substitute k = into 1 :
2
1
4h 2( ) = 0
2
4h 1 = 0
1
h=
4
19 (a)
20 (a) AB = AO + OB
= a + 2b
~
~
(b) OD = OC + CD
= h OA + k CE
= ha + k(ha + b )
~
~ ~
= ha hka + kb
~
~
~
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
= (h hk)a + kb
~
~
(c) AD = AO + OD
= a + (h hk)a + kb
~
~
~
= (h hk 1)a + kb
~
~
Since A, D and B are collinear,
AB = p AD
a + 2b = p[(h hk 1)a + kb ]
~
~
~
~
a + 2b = (h hk 1)pa + kpb
~
~
~
~
By comparison,
kp = 2
2
p=
k
and (h hk 1)p = 1
2
(h hk 1)( ) = 1
k
1
h hk = 1 k
2
2k
h(1 k) =
2
2k
h =
2(1 k)
21 (a)
(i) 3 i + 4 j
~
~
3
(ii)
4
(b) | O A | = 5 units
~
1
(c) OA = (3 i + 4 j )
5 ~
~

22 (a)
|a | = 17 units
~
82 + k2 = 17
k2 + 64 = 289
k2 = 225
(b)
k = 225
= 15
k = 15, 15
| PQ | = 13 units
122 + (k)2 = 13
k2 + 144 = 169
k2 = 25
k = 5
k = 5, 5
23 (a) 2a + b
~ ~
2
2
+
=2
6
4
4
2
+
=
12
4
6
=
8

(b) |2a + b | = 62 + (8)2

~ ~
= 100
= 10 units
(c) The unit vector in the direction of
2a + b
~ ~
1
= (6 i 8 j )
~
10
~
(b) CD = AB
3
=
4
(3)2 + (4)2
| CD| =
= 25
= 5 units
1
= (3 i 4 j )
5 ~
~
24 (a)

AB = AO + OB
= i + 4 j + 10 i + 8 j
~
~
~
~
= 9 i + 12 j
~
~
| AB | = 92 + 122
= 225
= 15 units
The unit vector parallel to AB

1
= (9 i + 12 j )
~
15
~
1
= (3 i + 4 j )
5 ~
~
2
(b) AP = AB
3
2
= (9 i + 12 j )
3 ~
~
= 6i + 8j
~
~
OP = OA + AP
= i 4j + 6i + 8j
~
~
~
~
= 7i + 4j
~
~
5
39
25 (a) OP =
13 12
5
=3
12
15
=
36
25
3
OQ =
4
5
3
=5
4
15
=
20
(b) PQ = PO + OQ
15
15
=
+
36
20
30
=
16
| PQ | = 302 + (16)2

= 1156
= 34 units
26 (a) BT = BA + AT
6
3
+
=
3
4
3
=
1
3
BC = 2
1
6
=
2
AC = AB + BC
3
6
+
=
4
2
9
=
2

3
4
27 (a) OA =
3
=
(b) AB
AO + OB

= 4 i 3 j + 5 j
~
~
~
= 4 i + 2 j
~
~
28
OB = OA + OC
= 3i + 4j + 6i 2j
~
~
~
~
= 9i + 2j
~
~

8
0
3
29 a 3b =
~
~
1
10
24
=
7
|a 3b | = (24)2 + 72
~
~
= 625
= 25 units
The unit vector which is parallel to
a 3b
~
~
24
1
=
7
25

24

25
=
7
25
24
7
= i + j
25 ~
25 ~
30 (a)
PQ = PO + OQ
=
7 + 53
5
12
5
12
= m 22 + n 61
1
2m + n = 5
2m + 6n = 12 2
1 + 2 :7n = 7
n = 1
2m 1 = 5
2m = 6
m=3
(b) | PQ | = 52 + (12)2
= 169
= 13 units
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

The unit vector parallel to PQ
5
1
=
13 12
5
13
=
12
13
5
12
= i j
13 ~
13 ~

31 (a) AC = p AB

AO + OC = p( AO + OB)
2 i j + k i + 4 j = p(2 i j
~ ~
~
~ ~
~
+ 4i + 2j)
~
~
(k 2) i + 3 j = p(2 i + j )
~
~
~
~
By comparison,
p=3
and k 2 = 2p
k2=6
k=8
(b)
| AC | = 3| AB |
(k 2)2 + 32 = 3 22 + 12
(k 2)2 + 9 = 9(5)
k2 4k + 4 + 9 = 45
k2 4k 32 = 0
(k + 4)(k 8) = 0
k = 4 or k = 8
(i) AB = AO + OB
= 2u v + 3u 2v
~ ~
~
~
= u 3v
~
~
(ii) AC = AO + OC
= 2u v + mu + 5v
~ ~
~
~
= (m 2)u + 4v
~
~
(b)
AC = k AB
(m 2)u + 4v = k(u 3v )
~
~
~
~
By comparison
4 = 3k
4
k =
3
and
m2=k
4
m = + 2
3
2
=
3
32 (a)
SPM Appraisal Zone

1 w = 2u 3v
~
~
~
h a + (h + k + 3) b
~
~
= 2(5 a + 4 b ) 3(3 a b )
~
~
~ ~
= 10 a + 8 b 9 a + 3 b
~
~
~
~
= a + 11 b
~
~
By comparison,
h=1
and h + k + 3 = 11
k + 4 = 11
k = 11 4
=7
h = 1, k = 7
AO + OB
2 a b + 3 a 2 b
~ ~
~
~
a 3~
b
~
AO + OC
2 a b + h a + 5 b
~ ~
~
~
= (h 2) a + 4 b
~
~
(b) Since A, B and C are collinear
AC = k AB
(h 2) a + 4 b = k( a 3 b )
~
~
~
~
= k a 3k b
~
~
so
3k = 4
4
k =
3
4
and
h 2 =
3
4
h=2
3
2
=
3
2
h=
3
2 (a)
(i) AB =
=
=
(ii) AC =
=
3 4 a + p( a b ) = a + b +
~
~ ~
~ ~
4a + pa pb = a + b +
~
~
~
~ ~
(4 + p) a p b = (1 + q) a
~
~
~
So, 4 + p = 1 + q
p q = 3
1
and p = 1 + q
p + q = 1 2
2p = 4
1 + 2:
p = 2
2 q = 3
q=1
p = 2, q = 1
q( a + b )
~ ~
qa + qb
~
~
+ (1 + q) b
~
4 (a) a + 2u b = (4 + v) a + b
~
~
~ ~
So, 4 + v = 1
v = 3
and 2u = 1
1
u=
2
1
u = , v = 3
2
(b) p = kq
~
~
a + 2u ~
b
~
= k[(4 + v) a + b ]
~ ~
= (4 + v)k a + k b
~
~
By comparison,
k = 2u
and (4 + v)k = 1
(4 + v)(2u) = 1
1
4 + v =
2u
1
v = 4
2u
1 8u
=
2u
1
5 (a) AP = AC
2
1
= ( a + b )
~ ~
2

OP = OA + AP
1
= a + ( a +
~ 2
~
1
1
= a + b
2 ~
2~
1
= ( a + b)
2 ~ ~
2
(b) AQ = AB
3
2
= ( a + 2 b )
~
3 ~
OQ = OA + AQ
2
= a + ( a +
~ 3
~
1
4
= a + b
3~ 3~
1
= ( a + 4 b)
~
3 ~
6 (a) MD =
=
(b) DN =
=
=
(c) MN =
=
=
7 (a) OP =
=
=
(b) SR =
(c) OS =
=
=
=
8 (a) PR =
=
(b) PT =
b)
~
2 b)
~
MC + CD
2b a
~ ~
3
DA
4
3
(4 b )
~
4
3 b
~
MD + DN
2b a 3b
~ ~
~
a b
~ ~
OQ + QP
2a + b a + b
~ ~ ~ ~
a + 2~
b
~
b ~
a
~
OQ + QS
2 a + b 2 SR
~ ~
2a + b 2b + 2a
~ ~
~
~
4a b
~ ~
PQ +
a + ~
b
~
1
PS
3
1
= b
3~
(c) QT = QP +
QR
PT
1
= a + b
~ 3 ~
9 (a) QP = QO + OP
= q + 2p
~
~
= 2p q
~ ~
1
(b) MP = QP
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

NP
ON
1
= (2p q )
2 ~ ~
1
= p q
~ 2~
1
= MP
2
1
1
= (p q )
2 ~ 2~
1
1
= p q
2 ~ 4~
= OP + PN
1
1
= 2p p + q
~ 2~ 4 ~
3
1
= p + q
2~
4~
10 (a) OP = 3 a + b
~ ~
(b)
Q
1
b
2
3a
O
11 (a) OR = 2p + q
~ ~
(b) RS = p 2q
~
~
12
| a | = 5 units
~
k + (3)2 = 5
k2 + 9 = 25
k2 = 16
k = 4
k = 4 or 4
2
13
(b)
14 (a) OA = 6 i + 2 j
~
~
2
(b) OB =
8

15 (a) AB = AO + OB
2
2
=
+
5
2
4
=
3
1
(b) AB = (4 i + 3 j )
5 ~
~

16 (a) AB = AO + OB
8
4
+
=
6
3
12
=
3

OB =
4
6 5

12
=
1

17 (a) OQ = OP + OR
6
3
=
+
3
3
3
=
6

(b) PR = PO + OR
6
3
+
=
3
3
9
=
0

1
= 6( )
2
=3
p=3
21

PQ = k AB
2
4
=k
p
2
so 4k = 2
1
k=
2
and p = 2k
1
= 2 ()
2
=1
(b)
| AB | = | PQ|
18 (a)

42 + 22 = 22 + p2
20 = p2 + 4
p2 = 16
p = 4
p = 4 or 4
19 (a) |p | = 92 + (12)2
~
= 225
= 15 units
(b)
p = kq
~
~
9
6
=k
12
m
so 6k = 9
3
k=
2
and km = 12
3
m = 12
4
2
m = 12 ()
3
m = 8

20 (a)
22

AB
= k AC

AO + OB

= k( AO + OC)
i j + 3 i 2j
~ ~
~
~
= k( i j + 4 i + m j )
~ ~
~
~
2 i 3j
~
~
= k[3 i + (m 1) j ]
~
~
So, 3k = 2
2
k=
3
and (m 1)k = 3
2
(m 1)() = 3
3
9
m 1 =
2
9
m = 1
2
7
=
2
7
m =
2
m
12 + n 3 = 9
1
2m + n = 8 1
m + 3n = 9 2
1 3 : 6m + 3n = 24 3
5m = 15
3 2:
m=3
2(3) + n = 8
n=86
=2
m = 3, n = 2

AB = AO + OB
4
8
=
+ OB
6
5
B(12, 1)
(b) CD = k AB
4
8
=k
p
6
so 8k = 4
1
k =
2
and p = 6k

| a| = | b|
~
~
(5)2 = 42 + m2
m2 + 16 = 25
m2 = 9
m = 3
m = 3 or 3
AC = k OB
4
8
=k
m
6
So, 8k = 4
1
k=
2
and m = 6k
1
=6
2
=3
1
k = , m = 3
2
23
31 + q 12 = 131
p + 2q = 1 1
3p + q = 13 2
1 3 : 3p + 6q = 3 3
5q = 18
3 2:
q = 2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
p + 2(2) = 1
p=5
p = 5, q = 2
24 2 AB + BC = 8 i 2 j
~
~

2( AO + OB) + BO + OC = 8 i 2 j
~
~
2(3 i 5 j + 4 i + 6 j ) 4 i 6 j +
~
~
~
~
~
~
p i + qj = 8 i 2j
~
~
~
~
14 i + 2 j + (p 4) i + (q 6) j
~
~
~
~
= 8 i 2j
~
~
(p + 10) i + (q 4) j = 8 i 2 j
~
~
~
~
So, p + 10 = 8
p = 2
and q 4 = 2
q=2
p = 2, q = 2
25 (a) PQ = PO + OQ
8
2
=
+
3
5
6
=
8
(b) | PQ| = 62 + 82

= 100
= 10 units
The unit vector in the direction of
PQ
1
6
=
8
10

5
=
4
3
4
= i + j
5~
5~

(i) DB = DO + OB
= y + 4 x
~
~
= 4x y
~ ~

(ii) CA = CO + OA
= 2 x + 3 OD
~
= 2 x + 3y
~
~

(b) (i) OE = OD + DE
= y + h(4 x y )
~ ~
~
= 4h x + (1 h)y
~
~

(ii) OE = OC + CE
= 2 x + k(2 x + 3y )
~
~
~
= (2 2k) x + 3ky
~
~
From (i) and (ii),
4h x + (1 h)y
~
~
= (2 2k) x + 3ky
~
~
26 (a)
So, 4h = 2 2k
4h + 2k = 2
2h + k = 1 1
and 1 h = 3k
h + 3k = 1 2
1 3: 6h + 3k = 3 3
5h = 2
3 2:
2
h=
5
2
Substitute h = into 1 :
5
2
2() + k = 1
5
4
k = 1
5
1
=
5
2
1
h = , k =
5
5

27 (a) CD = CO + OD
1
= 3 a + b
~ 3~

AB = AO + OB
= a + b
~ ~

(b) (i) OP = OC + CP
1
= 3 a + p(3 a + b )
~
~
3~
1
= (3 3p) a + p b
~
3 ~

(ii) OP = OA + AP
= a + q( a + b )
~
~ ~
= (1 q) a + q b
~
~
(c) From (i) and (ii),
1
(3 3p)a + pb = (1 q)a + qb
~ 3 ~
~
~
So, 3 3p = 1 q
3p q = 2 1
1
and p = q
3
2
p 3q = 0
1 3: 9p 3q = 6 3
8p = 6
3 2:
3
p=
4
3
Substitute p = into 1 :
4
3
3() q = 2
4
9
q=2
4
1
=
4
3
1
p = , q =
4
4
28 (a)
(i) AC =
=
(ii) OE =

AO + OC
x + y
~
~
OA + AE
1
= x + ( x + 2y )
~ 3
~
~
2
2
= x + y
3~ 3 ~

(b) (i) OD = OA + AD
= x + m( x + y )
~
~ ~
= (1 m) x + my
~
~
(ii) OD = n OE
2
2
= n( x + y )
3~
3~
2
2
= n x + ny
3 ~ 3 ~
2
(1 m) x + my = n x +
~
3 ~
~
2
ny
3 ~
2
So, 1 m = n
3
3 3m = 2n
3m + 2n = 3 1
2
and m = n
3
3m 2n = 0 2
6m = 3
1 + 2:
1
m=
2
1
Substitute m = into 1 :
2
1
3() + 2n = 3
2
3
2n = 3
2
3
=
2
3
n=
4
1
3
m = , n =
2
4

29 (a) AB = AO + OB
= a + 2b
~
~

(b) (i) OD = OA + AD
= a + h( a + 2 b )
~
~
~
= (1 h) a + 2h b
~
~
(ii) OD = k OC
5
= k( a + b )
3 ~ ~
5
5
= ka + kb
3 ~
3 ~
5
(1 h) a + 2h b = k a +
~
~
~
3
5
kb
3 ~
5
So, 1 h = k
3
3 3h = 5k
3h + 5k = 3 1
5
2h = k
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
6h 5k = 0 2
1 + 2 : 9h = 3
1
h=
3
1
3
1
3() + 5k = 3
3
5k = 3 1
=2
2
k=
5
1
2
h = , k =
3
5

30 (a) PR = PO + OR
= 3 u + v
~ ~

(b) (i) OS = OR + RS
= v + m(3 u v )
~
~ ~
= 3m u + (1 m) v
~
~
(ii) OS = n OQ
4n
= (2 u + v )
~ ~
5
8
4
= nu + nv
5 ~ 5 ~
8
4
3mu + (1 m) v = nu + n v
~
~ 5 ~ 5 ~
8
So, 3m = n
5
1
15m 8n = 0
4
1m=n
5
and 5 5m = 4n
2
5m + 4n = 5
2 2: 10m + 8n = 10 3
25m = 10
1 + 3:
2
m=
5
2
5
2
15() 8n = 0
5
8n = 6
3
n=
4
2
3
m = , n =
5
4
31 (a)
(b)

(i) PR = PQ + QR
= 4a + 2b
~
~

(ii) SM = SR + RM
= 4a b
~ ~
(i) PN = PR
= (4 a + 2 b )
~
~
= 4 a + 2 b
~
~

(ii) PN = PS + SN
= 2 b + SM
~
= 2 b + (4 a b )
~
~ ~
= 4u a + (2 u) b
~
~
4 a + 2 b = 4 a + (2 ) b
~
~
~
~
So,
4 = 4
=
32 (a) XY = x + y
~ ~

OP = OX + XP
1
= x + ( x + y )
~
5 ~ ~
4
1
= x + y
5~
5~

YQ = YO + OQ
4
1
= y + 3( x + y )
5~
5~
~
12
2
= x y
5 ~ 5~

(b) (i) YZ = YO + OZ
= y + h x
~
= h ~x y
~ ~
(ii) YZ = k YQ
12
2
= k( x y )
5 ~ 5~
12
2
= k x ky
5 ~ 5 ~
12
2
h x y = k x ky
~ ~
5 ~ 5 ~
2
So, k = 1
5
5
k=
2
12
and
h = k
5
12
5
= ()
5
2
=6
5
h = 6, k =
2

33 (a) ON = OA + AN
= a + h( a + b )
~
~ ~
= (1 h) a + h b
~
~
(b) OL = kOM
1
= k( a + b )
~
2~
1
= k a + k b
~
2 ~
1
(c) (1 h) a + h b = k a + k b
~
~
~
2 ~
So, 1 h = k
1
h+k=1
1
and h = k
2
2
2h k = 0
3h = 1
1 + 2:
1
h=
3
1
3
1
+k=1
3
1
k = 1
3
2
=
3
1
2
h = , k =
3
3
34 (a)
(i) OB = OA + OC
= 2 i + 2 j + 5 i + 2 j
~
~
~
~
= 3 i + 4j
~
~
(ii) | OB| = 32 + 42
= 25
= 5 units
The vector unit in the direction
of OB
1
= (3 i + 4 j )
~
5
~
(iii)
B
29
A
5
8
O
From the diagram,

52 = ( 8 )2 + ( 29 )2 2( 8 )( 29 )
cos O AB
12
cos O AB =
2( 8 )( 29 )
= 0.3939
O AB = 66 48'

(b) (i) AD = AC + CD
= 2 i 2j + 5 i + 2j
~
~
~
~
11 i + 4 j
~
~
= 4 i + 4 j
~
~
(ii)
OA = 2( i + j )
~
~
AD = 4( i + j )
~ ~
So, AD = 2 OA
The points O, A and
D lie on the same straight
line.

35 (a) RQ = RP + PQ
= 4 b + 4 a
~
~
= 4( a b )
~
~
ST = 2 a 2 b
~
~
1
SV = ST
2
= a b
~ ~
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

PV = PS + SV
= 2b + a b
~ ~ ~
= a + b
~ ~
(b) (i) RU = m RQ
= m(4 a 4 b )
~
~
= 4m a 4m b
~
~
(ii) PU = n PV
= n( a + b )
~ ~
= na + nb
~
~

(c)
PU = PR + RU
n a + n b = 4 b + 4m a 4m b
~
~
~
~
~
n a + n b = 4m a + (4 4m) b
~
~
~
~
So,
4m = n
4m n = 0 1
and 4 4m = n
4m + n = 4 2
1 + 2 : 8m = 4
1
m=
2
1
2
1
4() n = 0
2
n=2
1
m = , n = 2
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
16 Trigonometry
y
Booster Zone
P
13
1 (a)
(b)
= 70
(c)
470
P
= 20
560
x
4
(e)
(f)
180 360 is in the 4th quadrant

3
4
sin = and cos =
5
5
x
700 = 20 P
(h)
= 10
400
x
= 40
680
2 (a)
(c)
(e)
3 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
O
25
x
P
530
(i)
Q 7
y
P
= 40
x
480
(b) 380
510
(d) 600
710
(f) 650
sin 260 = sin (260 180)
= sin 80
cos 130 = cos (180 130)
= cos 50
tan 330 = tan (360 330)
= tan 30
tan (250) = tan(250 180)
= tan 70
cos (580) = cos 580
= cos (580 360)
= cos 220
= cos (220 180)
= cos 40
sin (675) = sin 675
= sin (675 360)
= sin 315
= (sin 45)
= sin 45
(d) cos 65 = sin 25

= 1 k2
10 (a) cos (600) = cos 600
= cos 60
1
=
2
(b) cos 315 = cos 45
1
=
2
(c) sin (210) = sin 210
= ( sin 30)
1
=
2
(d) tan 480 = tan 60
= 3
(e) tan (135) = tan 135
= ( tan 45)
=1
(f) sin (120) = sin 120
= sin 60
180 270 in the 3rd quadrant

24
24
tan = and sin =
7
25
7 Since A and B are angles in the
same quadrant where sin A 0 and
tan B 0 A and B are in the 3rd
quadrant.
y
B
15
3
=
2
(g) tan 420 = tan 60
= 3
(h) cos (45) = cos 45
1
=
2
4
5
P
3
4
(a) cos A = (b) tan A =
5
3
15
8
(c) cos B = (d) sin B =
17
17
8 Since tan and sin have opposite
signs, tan 0 sin 0, is in
the 2nd quadrant.
y
(i) sin 495 = sin 45

1
=
2
11
y
P
1
Q
1 k2
=
k
(g)
620
= 80
1 k2
25
k
(a) cos 155 = cos (180 155)

= cos 25
= k
(b) sin 25 = 1 k2
(c) tan (155)
= tan 155
= [tan (180 155)]
= (tan 25)
= tan 25
tan 0 is in the 2nd quadrant

5
5
sin = and tan =
13
12
= 20
P
390
5
P
= 30
x
12
520
(d)
1
3
cos = and sin =
10
10
Since is an acute angle, so is in the

1st quadrant.
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1
(a) sec =
cos
5
=
4
1
(b) cot =
tan
4
=
3
12 cot = 3
1
= 3
tan
1
tan =
3
Since is an obtuse angle, so is in
the 2nd quadrant.
y
P
10
1
Q
1
(a) cosec =
sin
= 10
1
(b) sec =
cos
10
=
3
1
13 (a) sec =
cos
5
=
3
1
cosec =
sin
5
=
4
1
cot =
tan
3
=
4
1
(b) sec =
cos
5
=
3
1
cosec =
sin
5
=
4
1
cot =
tan
3
=
4
1
(c) sec =
cos
25
=
7
1
cosec =
sin
25
=
24
1
cot =
tan
7
=
24
P
5
O
4
y
P
25
24
Q 7 O
1
(d) sec = Q 15
x
cos
O
17 8
=
17
15
P
1
cosec =
sin
17
=
8
1
cot =
tan
15
=
8
14 (a) cos 0 is in the 2nd or
3rd quadrant.
cos = 0.73
= 43 7'
= 180 43 7', 180 + 43 7'
= 136 53', 223 7'
(b) tan 0 is in the 2nd or 4th
quadrant.
tan = 2
= 63 26'
= 180 63 26', 360 63 26'
= 116 34', 296 34'
(c) sin 0 is in the 1st or 2nd
quadrant.
sin = 0.6712
= 42 10'
= 42 10', 180 42 10'
= 42 10', 137 50'
(d) tan 0 is in the 1st or 3rd
quadrant.
tan = 0.3346
= 18 30'
= 18 30', 180 + 18 30'
= 18 30', 198 30'
(e) cos 0 is in the 1st or 4th
quadrant.
cos = 0.46
= 62 37'
= 62 37', 360 62 37'
= 62 37', 297 23'
(f) sin 0 is in the 3rd or 4th
quadrant.
sin = 0.866
= 60
= 180 + 60, 360 60
= 240, 300
(g) 2 sin2 = 1
1
sin2 =
2
1
sin =
2
So, is in all the quadrants.
1
sin =
2
= 45
= 45, 135, 225, 315
(h) 4 tan2 = 1
1
tan2 =
4
1
tan =
2
15 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
So, is in all the quadrants.

1
tan =
2
= 26 34'
= 26 34', 153 26', 206 34',
333 26'
sin 2 0 2 is in the 1st or
2nd quadrant and 0 360
0 2 720
sin = 0.866
= 60
For angle 2 in this interval
2 = 60, 120, 60 + 360, 120
+ 360
= 60, 120, 420, 480
= 30, 60, 210, 240
tan 2 0 2 is in 2nd or 4th
quadrant and 0 360
0 2 720
tan = 1.264
= 51 39'
2 = 128 21', 308 21', 488 21',
688 21'
= 64 11', 154 11', 244 11',
344 11'
cos 2 0 2 is in 2nd or 3rd
quadrant and 0 360
0 2 720.
cos = 0.74
= 42 16'
2 = 137 44', 222 16', 497 44',
582 16'
= 68 52', 111 8', 248 52',
291 8'
1
1
sin 0 is in the 1st or
2
2
1
0 180
2
4
sin =
7
= 34 51'
1
= 34 51', 145 9'
2
= 69 42', 290 18'
1
1
(e) tan 0 is in the 1st or
2
2
3rd quadrant and 0 360
1
0 180
2
tan = 0.3
= 16 42'
1
= 16 42', 196 42'
2
= 33 24', 393 24'
= 33 24'
(f) cos 3 0 3 is in the 2nd or
3rd quadrant and 0 360
0 3 1080
1
cos =
2
= 45
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
3 = 135, 225, 495, 585, 855,

945
= 45, 75, 165, 195, 285,
315
(g) sin (2 + 30) 0 2 + 30
is in the 1st or 2nd quadrant and
0 360
30 2 + 30 750
sin = 0.75
= 48 35'
2 + 30 = 48 35', 131 25',
408 35', 491 25'
2 = 18 35', 101 25', 378 35',
461 25'
= 918', 5043', 18918',
23043'
(h) tan (2 40) 0 2 40 is
in 2nd or 4th quadrant and
0 360
40 2 40 680
tan = 0.7
= 35
2 40 = 35, 145, 325, 505
2 = 5, 185, 365, 545
= 2 30', 92 30', 182 30',
272 30'
2 sin cos = sin
2 sin cos sin = 0
sin (2 cos 1) = 0
1
sin = 0 or cos =
2
sin = 0
= 0, 180, 360
1
cos =
2
= , 360
= 60, 300
= 0, 60, 180, 300, 360
(b)
2 cosec2 + cot = 8
2(1 + cot2 ) + cot = 8
2 cot2 + cot 6 = 0
(2 cot 3)(cot + 2) = 0
3
cot = or cot = 2
2
3
cot =
2
1
3
=
tan
2
2
tan =
3
= 33 41', 213 41'
cot = 2
1
= 2
tan
1
tan =
2
= 180 , 360
= 153 26', 333 26'
= 33 41', 153 26', 213 41',
333 26'
(c)
4 tan = sin
sin
4 = sin
cos
4 sin = sin cos
4 sin sin cos = 0

sin (4 cos ) = 0
sin = 0 or cos = 4
sin = 0
= 0, 180, 360
cos = 4 (no solution)
= 0, 180, 360
(d)
3 cos = cot
cos
3 cos =
sin
(e)
16 (a)
(f)
(g)
(h)
3 sin cos = cos

3 sin cos cos = 0
cos (3 sin 1) = 0
1
cos = 0 or sin =
3
cos = 0
= 90, 270
or 3 sin 1 = 0
1
sin =
3
= 19 28', 160 32'
= 19 28', 90, 160 32', 270
2 cos2 = 3 cos 1
2 cos2 3 cos + 1 = 0
(2 cos 1)(cos 1) = 0
1
cot = or cot = 1
2
1
cos =
2
= 60, 300
or cos = 1
= 0, 360
= 0, 60, 300, 360
2 tan2 + 1 = 3 tan
2 tan2 3 tan + 1 = 0
(2 tan 1)(tan 1) = 0
1
tan = or tan = 1
2
1
tan =
2
= 26 34', 206 34'
or tan = 1
= 45, 225
= 26 34', 45, 206 34', 225
sec = 3 cos
1
= 3 cos
cos
3 cos2 = 1
1
cos2 =
3
1
cos =
3
= 54 44', 125 16', 234 44',
305 16'
4 cot2 + 6 = 11 cot
4 cot2 11 cot + 6= 0
(4 cot 3)(cot 2) = 0
3
cot = or cot = 2
4
3
cot =
4
4
tan =
3
= 53 8', 233 8'
cot = 2
1
tan =
2
= 26 34', 206 34'
= 26 34', 53 8', 206 34',
233 8'
y
17 (a)
2
y = 2 sin x
90
180
270
360
(b)
y
3
y = sin x + 2
2
1
x
(c)
90 180 270 360

y
y = 4 cos x
90 180 270
360
(d)
y
8
7
6
5
4
y = 3 cos x + 5
3
2
1
O
(e)
90 180 270 360
3
O
3
(f)
y = 3 tan x
135
315
45 90 180 225
90
45
180
270
360
135
225
315
1
2
y = tan x 1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(g)
(e)
90 180 270 360
(c)
1
y = 3 cos x
2
y = 3 cos x 2
1
x
y =
4
1
0
180
360 540
720
y = cos 2x
1
3
The number of solutions = 4
18 (a)
(f)
(d)
y = 3 sin x + 1
y = 4 2 sin 2x
4
3
4
0
4
22.5
67.5
157.5
x
45
90 112.5 135 180
3x
1 y = 4
y = 4 tan 2 x
O
1
(b)
y
0
90
135
180

(e)
(g)
2 y = |2 sin x 1|
45
y
y = 1 cos 2x
90
180 270
360
3
y = 3 cos x
2
x
45
90
135
(f)
y
19 (a) y = 3 cos 2x
1
(b) y = 2 cos x
2
(c) y = |tan x|
(d) y = 2 sin 3x + 2
20 (a)
y
4
3
y = |3 cos 2x + 1|
2
45
90
135 180
x
y = 1
2
2
1
y
7
(b)
90 180 270 360
x
O
3
4
x
3
y = |2 cos x|
2
5
6
7

1
21 (a) sec x cos x = cos x
cos x
1 cos2 x
=
cos x
sin2 x
=
cos x
sin x
= sin x
cos x
= sin x tan x
(b) (cot A + tan A) cos A
1
= + tan A cos A
tan A
1 + tan2 A
= cos A
tan A
cos A
= (sec2 A) cos A
sin A
cos2 A
=
cos2 A sin A
1
0
1
3x
y =
2
y = |5 cos x 2|
x
y=
y = |sin x|
y = 1 sin 2x
(d)
x
2
4
5
3
3
180
(c)
3x 3
y=
1
=
sin A
= cosec A
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1
(c) cosec A sin A = sin A
sin A
1 sin2 A
=
sin A
cos2 A
=
sin A
cos A
= cos A
sin A
= cos A cot A
sin2 (1 + cot2 )
(d)
cos2
sin2 (cosec2 )
=
cos2
1
sin2
=
cos2 sin2
1
=
cos2 A
= sec2
sin A
1 + cos A
(e) +
1 + cos A
sin A
sin2 A + (1 + cos A)2
=
sin A(1 + cos A)
sin2 A + 1 + 2 cos A + cos2 A
=
sin A(1 + cos A)
2 + 2 cos A
=
sin A(1 + cos A)
(c)
2(1 + cos A)
=
sin A(1 + cos A)
2
=
sin A
= 2 cosec A
sin
cos
tan A
(f)
=
1 + tan2
sec2
sin
1
=
cos cos2
sin
= (cos2 )
cos
= cos sin
(d)
2 cos2 + sin = 1
2(1 sin2 ) + sin = 1
2 sin2 sin 1 = 0
(2 sin + 1)(sin 1) = 0
1
sin = or sin = 1
2
1
sin =
2
= 210, 330
sin = 1
= 90
= 90, 210, 330
(b)
2 cosec2 1 = 3 cot
2(1 + cot2 ) 1 = 3 cot
2 + 2 cot2 1 = 3 cot
2 cot2 3 cot + 1 = 0
(2 cot 1)(cot 1) = 0
1
cot = or cot = 1
2
1
cot =
2
tan = 2
= 63 26', 243 26'
(e)
22 (a)
(f)
cot = 1
tan = 1
= 45, 225
= 45, 63 26', 225, 243 26'
2 cot2 + cosec = 4
2(cosec2 1) + cosec = 4
2 cosec2 2 + cosec = 4
2 cosec2 + cosec 6 = 0
(2 cosec 3)(cosec + 2) = 0
3
cosec = or cosec = 2
2
3
cosec =
2
2
sin =
3
= 41 49', 138 11'
cosec = 2
1
sin =
2
= 210, 330
= 41 49', 138 11' 210, 330
1
3 sec2 = 5 1 +
cot
3(1 + tan2 ) = 5(1 + tan )
3 tan2 + 3 = 5 + 5 tan
3 tan2 5 tan 2 = 0
(3 tan + 1)(tan 2) = 0
1
tan = or tan = 2
3
1
tan =
3
= 161 34', 341 34'
tan = 2
= 63 26', 243 26'
= 63 26', 161 34', 243 26',
341 34'
5 tan2 = 11 sec 7
5(sec2 1) = 11 sec 7
5 sec2 11 sec + 2 = 0
(5 sec 1)(sec 2) = 0
1
sec = or sec = 2
5
1
sec =
5
sec = 2
1
cos =
2
= 60, 300
= 60, 300
3 cosec2 = 2 sec
3
2
=
sin2
cos
2 sin2 = 3 cos
2(1 cos2 ) = 3 cos
2 cos2 + 3 cos 2 = 0
(2 cos 1)(cos + 2) = 0
1
cos = or cos = 2
2
1
cos =
2
= 60, 300
= 60, 300
23
13
12
4
A
0
B
5
(a) sin (A B)
= sin A cos B cos A sin B
4
5
3 12
=
5 13
5 13
20
36
=
65
65
16
=
65
(b) cos (A + B)
= cos A cos B sin A sin B
3
5
4 12
=
5 13
5 13
15
48
=
65
65
33
=
65
(c) tan (A B)
tan A tan B
=
1 + tan A tan B
12
4

5
3
=
4 12
1 +
3
5
16

15
=
11

5
16
=
33

24
y
2
1+h
1 + k2
h
sin ( + )
(a)
cos ( )
sin cos + cos sin
=
cos cos + sin sin
1
h
+
1 + h2 1 + k2
1
k
1 + h2 1 + k2
=
1
1

+
1 + h2 1 + k2
k
h
1 + h2 1 + k2
h+k
=
( 1 + h2 )( 1 + k2 )
1 + hk
( 1 + h2 )( 1 + k )
h+k
=
1 + hk
tan + tan
(b) tan ( + ) =
1 tan tan
h+k
=
1 hk

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
25

A
O
(a) sin 2A = 2 sin

4
=2
5
24
=
25
A cos A
3

(b) cos 2A = 1 2 sin2 A

4 2
=12
5
32
= 1
25
7
=
25
2 tan A
(c) tan 2A =
1 tan2 A
4
2
3
=
4 2
1
3
8
3
=
7
9
24
=
7

26
1 m2
(a) sin 2 = 2 sin cos

= 2m 1 m2
(b) cos 4 = 1 2 sin2 2
= 1 2 (2m 1 m2 )2
= 1 2 (4m2 [1 m2)]
= 1 8m2 + 8m4
1
(c) cos = 1 2 sin2
2
1
2
m = 1 2 sin
2
1
2
2 sin = 1 m
2
1
1m
2
sin =
2
2
Since is an acute angle,
1
1m
sin =
2
2
27
5
B
3 O
(a) sin 2B = 2 sin B cos B

3
4
= 2
5
5
24
=
25
sin 4B = 1 2 sin2 2B
24 2
= 1 2
25
527
=
625
1
(b)
cos B = 2 cos2 B 1
2
3
1
= 2 cos2 B 1
5
2
1
2
2 cos2 B =
2
5
1
1
cos2 B =
2
5
B
2 tan
2
(c) tan B =
B
1 tan2
2
B
2 tan
4
2
=
B
3
1 tan2
2
B
B
4 tan2 4 = 6 tan
2
2
B
B
2 tan2 3 tan 2 = 0
2
2
B
B
(2 tan + 1)(tan 2) = 0
2
2
1
B
B
tan = or tan = 2
2
2
2
Since B is an obtuse angle,
B
90 B 180 45 90
2
B
tan = 2
2
2 tan A
28 (a) tan 2A =
1 tan2 A
4
2 tan A
=
3
1 tan2 A
4 4 tan2 A = 6 tan A
2 tan2 A + 3 tan A 2 = 0
(2 tan A 1)(tan A + 2) = 0
1
tan A = or tan A = 2
2
Since A is an acute angle,
1
tan A =
2
(b) tan 3A = tan (2A + A)
tan 2A + tan 2A
=
1 tan 2A tan A
4
1
+
3
2
=
4 1
1
3 2
11
6
=
1
3
11
=
2

6
29 (a) sin 3A
= sin (2A + A)
= sin 2A cos A + cos 2A sin A
= (2 sin A cos A)(cos A) +
(1 2 sin2 A)(sin A)
= 2 sin A cos2 A + sin A 2 sin3 A
= 2 sin A (1 sin2 A) + sin A 2 sin3 A
= 2 sin A 2 sin3 A + sin A 2 sin3 A
= 3 sin A 4 sin3 A
sin 2A
2 sin A cos A
(b) =
1 cos 2A
1 (1 2 sin2 A)
2 sin A cos A
=
2 sin2 A
cos A
=
sin A
= cot A
cos (A + B)
(c)
cos A cos B
cos A cos B sin A sin B
=
cos A cos B
=
cos A cos B cos A cos B
= 1 tan A tan B
1
(d) cot (A + B) =
tan (A + B)
1
=
tan A + tan B
1 tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B
=
tan A + tan B
1
1

cot A cot B
1 +
1
cot A
cot B
cot A cot B 1

cot A cot B
=
cot A + cot B

cot A cot B
cot A cot B 1
=
cot A + cot B
30 (a)
4 sin 2 = sin
4(2 sin cos ) sin = 0
sin (8 cos 1) = 0
1
sin = 0 or cos =
8
sin = 0
= 0, 180, 360
1
cos =
8
= 82 49', 277 11'
= 0, 82 49', 180, 277 11', 360
(b)
tan 2 = 2 cot
2 tan
2
=
tan
1 tan2
2 tan2 = 2 2 tan2
4 tan2 = 2
1
tan2 =
2
1
tan =
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
= 35 16', 144 44', 215 16',

324 44'
(c)
cos 2 = cos + 2
3(2 cos2 1) = cos + 2
6 cos2 cos 5 = 0
(6 cos + 5)(cos 1) = 0
5
cos = or cos = 1
6
5
cos =
6
= 146 27', 213 33'
cos = 1
= 0, 360
= 0, 146 27', 213 33, 360
(d)
4 sin cos = 1
2(2 sin cos ) = 1
1
sin 2 =
2
sin 2 0 2 is in the 1st or
0 2 720
For angle 2 in this interval
2 = 30, 150, 390, 510
= 15, 75, 195, 255
(e) 3 tan = 2 tan (45 )
tan 45 tan
= 2
1 + tan 45 tan
1 tan
= 2
1 + tan

2 270 360 is in the 4th

quadrant.
y
5
3 tan + 3 tan2 = 2 2 tan

3 tan2 + 5 tan 2 = 0
(3 tan 1)(tan + 2) = 0
1
tan = or tan = 2
3
1
tan =
3
= 18 26', 198 26'
tan = 2
= 116 34', 296 34'
= 18 26', 116 34', 198 26',
296 34'
(f)
sin 2 + 3 cos2 = 0
2 sin cos + 3 cos2 = 0
cos (2 sin + 3 cos ) = 0
cos = 0 or 2 sin = 3 cos
cos = 0
= 90, 270
2 sin = 3 cos
sin
3
=
cos
2
3
tan =
2
= 123 41', 303 41'
= 90, 123 41', 270, 303 41'
41
(a) cos () = cos

5
=
41
(b) sin 2 = 2 sin cos
4
5
= 2
41
41
40
=
41
1
(a) sec A =
cos A
1
=
3
5
5
=
3
p
A
O
1
(a) cot A =
tan A
1
=
p
(b) cos (90 A) = sin A
p
=
1 + p2
4
1 m2
x
1 m2 2
(a) tan2 =
m
1 m2
=
m2
1
(b) cos = 2 cos2 1
2
1
2
m = 2 cos 1
2
1
m+1
2
cos =
2
2
5 (a) cos 2A = 2 cos2 A 1
3 2
=2 1
5
7
=
25
(b) cos 4 A = 2 cos2 2A 1
7 2
= 2 1
25
527
=
625
y
6

0.87
(c) tan 120 =
0.5
= 1.74
A
3
SPM Appraisal Zone

1 (a) 0.87
(b) 0.5
1 + p2
(b) tan (155) = tan 155

= (tan 25)
= tan 25
1 h2
=
h
1 h2
O
25
h
(a) cos 65 = sin (90 65)

= sin 25
= 1 h2
1
(b) cosec A =
sin A
1
=
4
5
5
=
4

1
(c) cot A =
tan A
1
=
4
3
3
=
4
1
8 (a) cos x =
2
(b)
x = 45, 315
2 sin x cos x = cos x
2 sin x cos x cos x = 0
cos x (2 sin x 1) = 0
1
cos x = 0 or sin x =
2
cos x = 0
x = 90, 270
1
sin x =
2
x = 30, 150
x = 30, 90, 150, 270
9 2 cos2 x = 3 cos x 2 cos 60

1
2 cos2 x 3 cos x + 2 = 0
2
2 cos2 x 3 cos x + 1 = 0
(2 cos x 1)(cos x 1) = 0
1
cos x = or cos x = 1
2
1
cos x =
2
x = 60, 300
cos x = 1
x = 0, 360
x = 0, 60, 300, 360

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
10
y
8
y = a sin x + b
3
O
From the sketch, a = 5 and b = 3.

11 a = 4, b = 4 and c = 1
y = 4 cos 4x + 1
360
12 (a) a = 3 and period = = 180
2
(b) (90, 1)
13
y
y = 3 cos 2x
4
3
2
1
Range = 2 y 4
14 a = 2, b = 3
15 a = 3, b = 4
16 y = 2 cos 3x
3
17 (a) a = 2, b = and c = 1
2
3
(b) y = 1 2 sin x
2
18 y = |4 cos 2x|
cot tan
19
cot + tan
1
tan
tan
=
1
+ tan
tan
1 tan2
tan
=
1 + tan2
tan
1 tan2
=
1 + tan2
1 tan2
=
sec2
sin2
1
cos2
=

1
sec2
cos2

= cos2 sin2
1 cot2
20
1 + cot2
1 cot2
=
cosec2
= sin2 cos2
= 1 cos2 cos2
= 1 2 cos2
a = 1 and b = 2
21
5 + cot y = 2 cosec2 y
5 + cot y = 2(1 + cot2 y)
2 cot2 y cot y 3 = 0
(2 cot y 3)(cot y + 1) = 0
3
cot y = or cot y = 1
2
3
cot y =
2
3
1
=
2
tan y
2
tan y =
3
y = 33 41', 213 41'
cot y = 1
1
= 1
tan y
tan y = 1
y = 45, 225
y = 33 41', 45, 213 41', 225
22
3 cos2 + 3 cos = sin2
3 cos2 + 3 cos = 1 cos2
4 cos2 + 3 cos 1 = 0
(4 cos 1)(cos + 1) = 0
1
cos = or cos = 1
4
1
cos =
4
= 75 31', 284 29'
cos = 1
= 180
= 75 31', 180, 284 29'
23 sin (A + B)
= sin A cos B + cos A sin B
15 24
20
7
= +
25 25
25 25
360
140
= +
625
625
500
=
625
4
=
5
tan tan
24 tan ( ) =
1 + tan tan
3
12

4
5
=
3 12
1 +
4
5
33

20
=
14
5
33
=
56
26
y
1 + t2

25 cos 2A = 2 cos A 1
2
1
= 2 1
2
1+m
2
= 2 1
1+m
2
1
A
A
sin A = 2 sin cos
2
2
1
t
= 2
1 + t2
1 + t2
2t
=
1 + t2
27
O
15
y
A
4
17
O
5
(a) sin (A + B)
= sin A cos B + cos A sin B
15
3
8
4
= +
17
5
17
5
45
32
= +
85
85
77
=
85
B
(b)
cos B = 2 cos2 1
2

3
B
= 2 cos2 1
5
2
3
B
2 cos2 = 1
5
2

cos2
1
sin2
=

1
cosec2
sin2
2 (1 + m2)
=
1 + m2
1 m2
= 2
1+m
1
B
cos2 =
5
2
1
1
cos B =
2
5
180 B 270
B
90 135
2
1
1
cos B =
2
5
28 (a) cos 2A = 2 cos2 A 1
3 2
=2 1
5

7
=
25
(b)
A
2 tan
2
tan A =
A
2
1 tan
2
A
2 tan
4
2
=
A
3
1 tan2
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
A
A
4 1 tan2 = 6 tan
2
2
A
A
4 tan2 + 6 tan 4 = 0
2
2
A
A
2 tan2 + 3 tan 2 = 0
2
2
A
A
2 tan 1 tan + 2 = 0
2
2
1
A
A
tan = or tan = 2
2
2
2
A
0 A 90 0 45
2
1
1
tan A =
2
2
29
sin 2 + 3 cos2 = 0
2 sin cos + 3 cos2 = 0
cos (2 sin + 3 cos ) = 0
cos = 0 or 2 sin = 3 cos
cos = 0
= 90 270
2 sin = 3 cos
3
tan =
2
= 123 41', 303 41'
= 90, 123 41', 270, 303 41'
sin2 x
1
2
1 tan2 x
cos
x
=
36 (a)
sin2 x
1 + tan2 x
1 +
cos2 x

(b) (i), (ii)

y
5
A
3
7
x
y = |sin 2x|
x
y=
B
O
1 tan2 x
2x
+
=1
1 + tan2 x
2x
cos 2x = 1
2x
y = 1
2x
y= 1

34 (a), (b)
2x
y=
2
x
y=2

38 (a), (b)
y
y = tan 2x
y
y = 3 cos x
2
O
3
y = |2 sin x|
2
3x
y=2

35
x = (1 + cos 2x)
x
= 1 + cos 2x
2x
2 + 2 cos 2x =
2x
y=
117
=
100
y
y = 2 + 2 cos 2x

37
13

8
=
25
18

x = |sin 2x|
x
|sin 2x| =
x
y=
7
4

24
3
=
7
4
1
24 3
1 + cos 2
1 + 2 cos 1
30 =
sin 2
2 sin cos
2 cos2
=
2 sin cos
cos
=
sin
= cot
31
2 cos 2x = 2 3 sin x
2(1 2 sin2 x) = 2 3 sin x
4 sin2x 3 sin x = 0
sin x (4 sin x 3) = 0
3
sin x = 0 or sin x =
4
sin x = 0
x = 0, 180, 360
3
sin x =
4
x = 48 35', 131 25'
x = 0, 48 35', 131 25', 180, 360

(a) cos (A + B)
= cos A cos B sin A sin B
3
4
7
24
=
5
5 25
25
72
28
=
125
125
100
=
125
4
=
5
tan B tan A
(b) tan (B A) =
1 + tan B tan A

2x
y=1
25
24

cos2 x sin2 x
=
cos2 x + sin2 x
cos2 x (1 cos2 x)
=
cos2 x + 1 cos2 x
= 2 cos2 x 1
= cos 2x
33 (a), (b)
32
2
x
y = 1
3x
+ tan 2x = 2
3x
y=2

ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
39
4
5
12
3

5
13 5
13
=
5
4
12 3

13
5
13 5

3
1
y = 3 cos x
2
x
y=3

41
40
y
y
5
13
12
A
5
1
1
1
(a) + = + tan B
sin A
cot B
sin A
1
3
= +
12
4
13

1
=
3
sin A cos B
(b)
sin A sin B + cos B
12

13 5
=
12 3
4
+

13 5 5
48

65
=
16

65
=3
sin (A B)
(c)
cos (A + B)
sin A cos B cos A sin B
=
33
=
16
(a) cos 2A = 1 2 sin2 A

4 2
=12
5
7
=
25
(b) sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
4
3
= 2
5
5
24
=
25
Since is an acute angle,

1
sin =
10
(c)

A
cos A = 1 2 sin2
2
3
A
= 1 2 sin2
2
5
3
A
2 sin2 = 1 +
2
5
8
=
5
4
A
sin2 =
2
5
2
A
sin =
2
5
A
90 A 180 45 90
2
1
2
sin A =
2
5
10
4
(a) cos 2 =
5
(b) cos 2 = 1 2 sin2
4
= 1 2 sin2
5
1
2
2 sin =
5
1
2
sin =
10
1
sin =
10

(c)
33

65
=
16

65
42
10
1
1
tan =
3
(d) tan 3 = tan ( + 2)
tan + tan 2
=
1 tan tan 2
1
3
+
3
4
=
1 3
1
3 4

13
12
=
3

13
=
9
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
17 Permutations and
Combinations
(b)
Booster Zone
1 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
9!
8!
7!
6!
2 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
=
=
=
=
P4
6
P4
8
P4
7
P4
362 880
40 320
5040
720
=
=
=
=
The number of arrangements

= 100 800
(c) 120 5! = 14 400
(d) 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1
120
360
1680
840
4 (a) 6 4! = 144
(b)
4 4 3 2

=26543
= 720
2
V
10 (a) P5 = 2520
(b) (i)
4 6
(ii)
4 (a)
2 1
3
C

=76543213
= 15 120
(iii) 720 3! = 4320
6 (a) 7! = 5040
(b) (i)
1 6

=1654321
= 720
1
1
R
or
1
1
A

= 5! 2
= 240
4

= 60 480
11
30
12
20
13
C3 10C8 = 450
14
C3 C2 = 120
C5 = 142 506
C4 2C2 = 15
C5 3C3 = 56
18 (a) 16C4 = 1820

(b) 1 14C2 = 91
(c) (8C3 8C1) + (8C4 8C0)
= 448 + 70
= 518
6
C2 3C2 = 45
C4 3C0 = 15
20 (a) 10C3 = 120

(b) (1 10C4) + (1 10C4) = 420
2 1
P5 = 6720
6
4 = 240
or 6
4 = 240
or 6
4 = 240
or 6
1 = 240
1
T
The number of permutations

=143211
= 24
6
or 1
2 = 12
0
17 (a) (8C4 4C0) + (8C0 4C4)

= 70 + 1
= 71
(b) 8C2 4C2 = 168
16 (a) 16C7 = 11 440

(b) 10C4 6C3 = 4200
(c) 11 440 (10C7 6C0) = 11 320
19 (a)
(b)
5 (a) 6! = 720
(b) 1 4 3
C4 = 4845
15 (a)
(b)
The number of ways that 5-digit

numbers can be formed
= 240 + 240 + 240 + 240
= 960

=65434
= 1440

=57654321
= 25 200
3
C
(b)
(ii) 7

=46543
= 1440
1

=77654321
= 35 280

=443212
= 192

=3433
= 108
P4 = 360
2
3
V
5 (a) 8! = 40 320
(b) (i)
5 7 6
7 (a)
1 (a) 8! = 40 320
(b) 5040 2! = 10 080
= 5! 4!
= 2880
3 (a) 5! = 120
(b) (i) 24 2! = 48
(ii) 120 48 = 72
(ii)
SPM Appraisal Zone
3 = 18
0

= 12 + 18
= 30
There are 30 odd 4-digit numbers
less than 3000 which can be formed
using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
without repetition.
7
3
E

=653
= 90
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
8 (a)
M S M S
3 2
The number of permutations

=32211
= 12
(b) 24 2! = 48
9
P4 5P3 = 21 600
10 (a) 9C3 = 84
(b) (5C2 4C1) + (5C3 4C0)
= 40 + 10
= 50
11 (a) 8C4 = 70
(b) 1 7C3 = 35
12 (a)
(b)
7
7
C3 8C2 = 980
C5 + 8C5 = 21 + 56
= 77
13 (a) 12C5 = 792

(b) The number of arrangements
= 792 [(7C0 5C5) + (7C1 5C4)
+ (7C2 5C3)]
= 792 (1 + 35 + 210)
= 546
14 (6C3 4C2) + (6C4 4C1)

= 120 + 60
= 180
15 (a) 1 12C6 = 924
(b) 4C2 9C5 = 756
(c) (8C2 5C5) + (8C3 5C4) +
(8C4 5C3) + (8C5 5C2)
= 28 + 280 + 700 + 560
= 1568
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
18 Probability
Booster Zone
2
1 (a)
13
9
(b)
26
1
2 (a)
2
1
(c)
3
2
(b)
3
1
(d)
2
1
3 (a)
4
7
(c)
24
3
(b)
8
1
(d)
12
1
4 (a)
2
5
(b)
6
24
5 (a)
35
3
(c)
8
1
(b)
7
k
2
6 =
k+4
3
3k = 2k + 8
k=8
x
3
7 (a) =
30
5
3
x = (30)
5
= 18
The number of yellow beads
= 30 18
= 12
18 + y
5
(b) =
30 + y
8
144 + 8y = 150 + 5
3y = 6
y=2
2 blue beads should be added
to the bag.
1
8 (a)
3
8
(b)
9
1
9 (a)
3
5
(b)
6
1
10 (a)
2
7
(b)
8
2
11 (a)
3
3
(b)
5
11
(d)
15
(c) 0
12 P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)

0.8 = 0.55 + x
x = 0.25
2
13 (a)
5
11
(c)
15
1
(b)
3
2
13 (a)
5
11
(c)
15
1
(b)
3
2
14 (a)
9
1
(c)
3
1
(b)
9
(d) 0
(d) 0
(d) 1
15 (a) P(Zhao Ming or Mukhriz wins)

= P(Zhao Ming wins) + P(Mukhriz
wins)
2
1
= +
5
10
1
=
2
1
(b) P(some one else wins) = 1
2
1
=
2
16 (a) P(P or Q wins)
= P(P wins) + P(Q wins)
1
1
=+
4
6
5
=
12
(b) P(Q or R wins)
= P(Q wins) + P(Q wins)
1
1
= +
6
12
1
=
4
P(neither Q nor R wins)
= 1 P(Q or R wins)
1
=1
4
3
=
4
17 (a) P(motorcycle or car)
= P(motorcycle) + P(car)
= 0.15 + 0.55
= 0.7
(b) P(none of these vehicles)
= 1 0.15 0.55 0.2
= 0.1
18 (a) 0
(b) P(Zaki or Hong Ping or Raju
wins)
= P(Zaki wins) + P(Hong Ping
wins) + P(Raju wins)
= 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.2
= 0.9
3
19 (a) P(white) =
12
1
=
4
(b) P(neither white nor black)
= 1 P(white or black)
3
4
= 1 ( + )
12
12
5
=
12
(c) P(either black or red)
= P(black) + P(red)
4
5
= +
12
12
3
=
4
2
20 (a)
5
(b) P(either odd or divisible by 4)
= P(odd) + P(divisible by 4)
5
2
= +
10
10
7
=
10
21 P(A B) = P(A) P(B)
5
2
= P(B)
12
3
5
3
P(B) =
12
2
5
=
8
22
P(C D) = P(C) P(D)

0.1 = k(k + 0.3)
k2 + 0.3k 0.1 = 0
10k2 + 3k 1 = 0
(5k 1)(2k + 1) = 0
1
1
k = or k =
5
2
1
k=
5
2
3
23 (a) P(RB) =
9
9
2
=
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(b) P(different colours)

= 1 P(same colour)
4
9
16
= 1 ( + +
81
81
81
52
=
81
24 (a) P(BG) = P(B) P(G)
1
2
=
5
5
2
=
25
(b) P(the same colour)
= P(RR or GG)
3
3
= +
10
25
21
=
50
25 (a) P(at least one wins)
= P(WW or WL or LW)
6
9
2
= + +
20
20
20
17
=
20
(b) P(both win) = P(WW)
3
2
=
4
5
3
=
10
26 (a) P(all qualify) = P(QQQ)
1
2
5
=
2
3
6
5
=
18
(b) P(only one qualifies)
= P(QQ'Q' or Q'QQ' or Q'Q'Q)
1
1
5
= + +
36
18
36
2
=
9
27 (a) P(R G)
= P(RRR or RRG or RGR or
GRR)
1
1
1
1
= + + +
15
21
10
6
8
=
21
(b) P(at most two red apples)
= 1 P(RRR or GGG)
1
5
= 1 ( + )
15
28
317
=
420
28 (a) P(Hamdan passes both subjects)
3
2
=
4
3
1
=
2
(b) P(Xue Ming passes only one
subject)
= P(PF or FP)
4
2
1
1
= ( ) + ( )
5
3
5
3
3
=
5
29 (a) P(a Mathematics book and a history
book)
= P(MH or HM)
6
9
9
6
= ( ) + ( )
15
15
15
15
12
=
25
(b) P(at least one Mathematics book)
= 1 P(HH)
9
9
= 1 ( )
15
15
16
=
25
30 (a) P(the same colour)
= P(WW or BB)
5
1
= +
9
18
11
=
18
(b) P(one white)
= P(WB or BW)
1
5
= +
9
18
7
=
18
SPM Appraisal Zone

4
3
1 (a) P(RR) =
12
11
12
=
132
1
=
11
(b) P(at least one rotten)
= 1 P(GG)
8
7
= 1 ( )
12
11
19
=
33
2 (a) P(at least one brown)
= P(BrBr or BrB1 or BrR or B1Br
or RBr)
3
2
3
8
= ( ) + ( ) +
12
11
12
11
3
1
8
3
( ) + ( )
12
11
12
11
1
3
+ ( )
12
11
5
=
11
(b) P(of the same colour)
= P(BrBr or B1B1)
3
2
8
7
= ( ) + ( )
12
11
12
11
31
=
66
3 (a) P(selecting a point in the circle)
area of the circle
=
area of the square
22
49()
49
7
77
= = =
256
256
128
(b) P(selecting a point outside the
circle)
area of the shaded region
=
area of the square
256 49
=
256
22
256 49 ()
7
=
256
102
=
256
51
=
128
4 P(of the same colour)
= P(RR or BB or GG)
5
4
3
2
2
1
= ( ) + ( ) + ( )
10
9
10
9
10
9
14
=
45
6
2
5 (a) =
k
3
2k = 18
k=9
3
2
(b) P(GG) =
9
8
6
=
72
1
=
12
6 (a) P(begins with a vowel)
240
=
720
1
=
3
(b) P(ends with a consonant)
480
=
720
2
=
3
7 (a)
C
0.6
O
0.3
0.4
DC
C
0.2
0.7
DO
0.8
DC
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
O
DO
C
DC
:
:
:
:
Oversleeps
Does not oversleep
Cycles to school
Does not cycle to school
(b) P(does not cycle to school)

= (0.3 0.4) + (0.7 0.8)
= 0.12 + 0.56
= 0.68
(b) P(choosing a pair of brown

shoes)
= P(BrB or BrB1 or BrBr)
1
1
1
1
1
2
= ( ) + ( ) + ( )
3
4
3
4
3
4
1
=
3
11 (a)
8 (a) P(choosing a letter I)

2
=
14
1
=
7
(b) P(choosing a consonant)
9
=
14
14 (a)
3
16
2
4
8
C
(b)
2
2
9 (a) P(EE) =
4
4
4
=
16
1
=
4
(b) 2nd spin
4
3
2
1
(i) P(reads at least one)

= 1 P(reads none)
8
= 1
50
21
=
25
(ii) P(reads only one)
= P(reads only A) + P(reads
only B) + P(reads only C)
16
9
6
= + +
50
50
50
31
=
50
1st spin
1
1
1
=
4
3
1
=
12
(b) P(passes the point Q)
3
1
1
1
= ( ) + ( )
4
3
4
3
1
=
3
The indicates the event where

the sum is odd
Probability that the sum is odd
8
=
16
1
=
2
2
1
10 (a) P(B1B1) =
3
4
1
=
6
12 L: person had bought laptops

D: person had bought digital cameras
(a) P(L or D) = 1 P(neither L nor D)
= 1 0.15
= 0.85
(b) P(L or D) = P(L) + P(D) P(L and D)
0.85 = 0.7 + 0.5 P(L and D)
P(L and D) = 0.7 + 0.5 0.85
= 0.35
(i) P(one is dotted and the other

is stripped)
= P(DS or SD)
3
4
4
3
= ( ) + ( )
12
12
12
12
1
=
6
(ii) P(taking of the same
pattern)
P(DD or SS or SiSi)
3
3
4
4
= ( ) + ( )
12
12
12
12
5
5
+ ( )
12
12
25
=
72
(b) P(all three are silk ties)
= P(SiSiSi)
5
5
5
=
12
12
12
125
=
144
15 (a) P(all three complete)

= P(A) P(B) P(C)
= 0.8 0.7 0.5
= 0.28
(b) P(at least two complete)
= P(ABC or ABC' or AB'C or A'BC)
= 0.28 + (0.8 0.7 0.5) + (0.8
0.3 0.5) + (0.2 0.7 0.5)
= 0.28 + 0.28 + 0.12 + 0.07
= 0.75
13 (a) P(passes the point P)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
19 Probability Distributions
Booster Zone
P(X 1) = 0.0081
P(X = 0) = 0.0081
n
C0(0.7)0(0.3)n = 0.0081
0.3n = 0.34
n = 4
(b) P(X = 2) = 4C2(0.7)2(0.3)2
= 0.2646
5 (a)
1 p = 0.2, q = 1 0.2 = 0.8 and n = 6.

(a) P(X = 3) = 6C3 (0.2)3(0.8)3
= 0.0819
(b) P(2 X 5)
= P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5)
= 0.0819 + 6C4(0.2)4(0.8)2 +
6
C5(0.2)5(0.8)
= 0.0819 + 0.0154 + 0.0015
= 0.0988
(c) P(X 1)
= 1 P(X 1)
= 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)
= 1 6C0(0.2)0(0.8)6
6
C1(0.2)(0.8)5
= 1 0.2621 0.3932
= 0.3447
2 X ~ B(8, 0.4)
(a) P(X = 4) = 8C4(0.4)4(0.6)4
= 0.2322
(b) =(X 3)
= P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
= 8C0(0.4)0(0.6)8 + 8C1(0.4)(0.6)7
+ 8C2(0.4)2(0.6)6
= 0.0168 + 0.0896 + 0.2090
= 0.3154
3 X ~ B(n, p) with n = 7 and p = 0.25.
(a) P(X 2)
= 1 P(X 1)
= 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)
= 1 7C0(0.25)0(0.75)7
7C1(0.25)(0.75)6
= 1 0.13348 0.31146
= 0.5551
(b) P(X 2)
= P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
= 0.13348 + 0.31146 +
7
C2(0.25)2(0.75)5
= 0.44494 + 0.31146
= 0.7564
4 X ~ B(n, 0.5) with p = 0.5 and q = 0.5.
P(X 1) 0.95
1 P(X = 0) 0.95
1 nC0(0.5)0(0.5)n 0.95
1 0.5n 0.95
0.5n 0.05
n log10 0.5 log10 0.05
log10 0.05
n
log10 0.5
n 4.32
The least number of shots is 5.
6 X ~ B(4, 0.5)
P(X 3)
= P(X = 3) + P(X = 4)
= 4C3(0.5)3(0.5) + 4C4(0.5)4(0.5)0
= 0.25 + 0.0625
= 0.3125
7 X ~ B(n, p) with n = 20 and p = 0.1
The mean, E(X ) = np
= 20(0.1)
=2
Standard deviation, = npq
= 2(0.9)
= 1.8
= 1.342
8 (a) E(X ) = 3.2
0.4n = 3.2
n= 8
npq
3.2(0.6)
1.92
1.386
np = 5
1
npq = 4
2
2 1:
4
q =
5
4
So, p = 1
5
1
=
5
1
Substitute p = into 1 :
5
1
n =5
5
n = 25

10 (a)
11 (a) P(Z 1.9) = 0.0287

(b) P(Z 0.75) = P(Z 0.75)
= 0.2266
(c) P(Z 2.45)
= 1 P(Z 2.45)
= 1 P(Z 2.45)
= 1 0.00714
= 0.99286
f(z)
P(Z > 2.45)
2.45
(d) P(Z 1.34) = 1 P(Z 1.34)

= 1 0.0901
= 0.9099
f(z)
(b) Standard deviation, =

=
=
=
9
(b) P(X = 4) = 10C4(0.2)4(0.8)6

= 0.0881
np = 2
1
2
npq = 1.6
2 1:
q = 0.8
So p = 1 q
= 1 0.8
= 0.2
Substitute p = 0.2 into 1 :
n(0.2) = 2
n = 10
p = 0.2
P(Z < 1.34)
1.34
(e) P(0.83 Z 1.85)

= P(Z 0.83) P(Z 1.85)
= 0.2033 0.0322
= 0.1711
f(z)
P(0.83 < Z < 1.85)
z
0.83
1.85
(f) P(1.764 Z 0.246)

= P(Z 0.246) P(Z 1.764)
= 0.4029 0.0388
= 0.3641
f(z)
P(1.764 < Z < 0.246)
1.764 0.246 O
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(g) P(2.57 Z 0.132)

= 1 P(Z 2.57) P(Z 0.132)
= 1 0.00508 0.4475
= 0.5474
(l) P(|Z| 2.326) = 2P(Z 2.326)

= 2(0.01)
= 0.02
(e)
f(z)
0.9
0.05
0.05
f(z)
f(z)
P(2.57 < Z < 0.132)
a = 1.645
2.57
O 0.132
2.326
2.326
(f)
f(z)
0.903
(h) P(1.68 Z 1.725)

= 1 P(Z 1.68) P(Z 1.725)
= 1 0.0465 0.0423
= 0.9112
f(z)
P(1.68 < Z < 1.725)
12 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
0.0668
0.00714
1 0.0344 = 0.9656
1 0.0104 = 0.9896
0.2119 0.0082 = 0.2037
1 0.1056 0.0139 = 0.8805
0.5 0.3372 = 0.1628
2(0.1587) = 0.3174
13 (a)
O
1.68
1.725
14 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
z
0.0778
a = 1.42
f(z)
P(2.05 < Z < 0)
0.1515
(j) P(0 Z 1.76)

= 0.5 P(Z 1.76)
= 0.5 0.0392
= 0.4608
(c)
x 200
(d) = 1.4
6
x 200 = 8.4
x = 208.4
0.771
0.229
z
1.76
(k) P(|Z | 1.64)

= P(1.64 Z 1.64)
= 1 2P(Z 1.64)
= 1 2(0.0505)
= 0.8990
0.44
1.85
1.2
2
1.1
0.7
1.2
1
f(z)
P(0 < Z < 1.76)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
x 50
(c) = 0.742
5
x 50 = 3.71
x = 46.29
a = 1.03
f(z)
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
x6
(b) = 0.7
2
x 6 = 1.4
x = 4.6
2.05
x 12
15 (a) = 1.2
3
x 12 = 3.6
x = 15.6
f(z)
(b)
a = 1.66
f(z)
(i) P(2.05 Z 0)
= 0.5 P(Z 2.05)
= 0.5 0.0202
= 0.4798
0.0485
0.0485
a = 0.742
(d)
16 X is the height, in centimeters, of a

boy.
X ~ N(150, 25)
(a) P(X 158)
158 150
= P Z
5
= P(Z 1.6)
= 0.0548
f(z)
0.5228
0.4772
f(z)
f(z)
P(|Z| < 1.64)
O
1.64
O 1.64
z
O
a = 0.057
z
1.6
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
146 150
(b) P(X 146) = P Z
5
= P(Z 0.8)
= P(Z 0.8)
= 0.2119
f(z)
0.8 O
17 X is the examination mark

X ~ N(45, 202)
40 45
(a) P(X 40) = P Z
20
= P(Z 0.25)
= 1 P(Z 0.25)
= 1 0.4013
= 0.5987
0.25 O
0.05
f(z)
P(X 1)
1 P(X = 0)
1 n C0(0.1)0(0.9)n
1 0.9n
0.9n
n log10 0.9

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.05
log10 0.05
log10 0.05
n
log10 0.9
n 28.43
The least value of n is 29.
6 (a) P(Z b) = 0.3 + 0.6

= 0.9
(b) P(Z a) = 1 0.3
= 0.7
0.5
SPM Appraisal Zone
0.8849
0.1151
7 (a) P(Z a) = 0.45

From the table, a = 0.125
(b) P(a Z b) = 0.45 0.3
= 0.15
f(z)
20q = 16
4
q =
5
p= 1 q
4
= 1
5
1
p =
5
1
1
Substitute p = into 1 : n = 20
5
5
n = 100
1
p = , n = 100
5
np = 20
1
npq = 4
npq = 16
2
So,
f(z)
0.3 O
A distinction is awarded for a

mark of 78 or more.
18 P(X 106) = 0.8849
106 100
P Z = 0.8849
106
100
So, = 1.2
1.2 = 6
=5
0.0256
0.0256
0.44
0.4
3 X ~ B(8, 0.4)
(a) P(X = 3) = 8C3(0.4)3(0.6)5
= 0.2787
340 350
(b) P(X 340) = P Z
8.31
= P(Z 1.203)
= 0.1145
The percentage of cans that
contain less than 340 m is
0.1145 100 = 11.45%.
f(z)
=
=
=
=
(b) P(X 6)
= P(X = 7) + P(X = 8)
= 8C7(0.4)7(0.6) + 8C8(0.4)8(0.6)0
= 0.00852
20 X is life, in hours, of a battery

X ~ N(160, 302)
P(150 X 175)
150 160
175 160
= P Z
30
30
= P(0.3 Z 0.5)
= 1 P(Z 0.3) P(Z 0.5)
= 1 0.3821 0.3085
= 0.3094
The percentage of batteries which
have a life between 151 hours and
175 hours is 0.3094 100 = 30.94%.
2 X ~ B(4, p)
P(X = 4)
4
C4(p 4)(1 p)0
p4
p
0.2
1.203 O
(b) Given P(X x) = 0.05

Standardising
x 45
P Z = 0.05
20
x 45
So,
= 1.645
20
x 45 = 32.9
x = 77.9
= 78 (1 d.p.)
(b) P(X 2) = 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)

= 1 0.05 0.05
= 0.9
f(z)
Since there are 200 candidates, the

number of candidates who pass
the examination is 200 0.5987
= 119.74
120 candidates passed
f(z)
19 X is the volume, in m, of a can of

drinks.
X ~ N(350, 2)
(a) P(X 357) = 0.2
Standardising
357 350
P Z = 0.2
357 350
So = 0.842
7 = 0.842
= 8.31(2 d.p.)
The standard deviation, = 8.31 m
1 (a) P(X = 0)
= 1 [P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) +
P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5)]
= 1 (0.05 + 0.1 + 0.25 + 0.35
+ 0.2)
= 1 0.95
= 0.05
8 P(X a) = 0.242
a 12
= 0.7
2
a 12 = 1.4
a = 13.4
56 50
9 (a) P(X 56) = P Z
5
= P(Z 1.2)
= 0.1151
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
8 10
14 10
= P Z
5
5
42 50
56 50
= P Z
10
10
= P(0.4 Z 0.8)
= 1 0.3446 0.2119
= 0.4435
= P(0.8 Z 0.6)
= 1 P(Z 0.8) P(Z 0.6)
= 1 0.2119 0.2743
= 0.5138
10 X is the mass, in grams, of a cabbage

X ~ N(1000, 1502)
P(715 X 1264)
715 1000
1264 1000
= P Z
150
150
P(X n) = 0.6
(b)
n 50
P Z = 0.6
10
n 50
= 0.253
So,
10
f(x)
n 50 = 2.53
n = 47.47
= 47
0.02
6.7 4.5
(a) z =
1.1
= 27 weeks
2.054 = 6.35
365
0.5138 = 26.79
7
6.35
P Z = 0.02
6.35
= 2.054
11 X ~ N(4.5, 1.21)
f(z)
=2
6.35
(b) P(3.4 X 6.7)
3.4 4.5
6.7 4.5
= P Z
1.1
1.1
7.55
P Z = 0.05
7.55
= 1.645
+ 1.645 = 7.55
12 P(X 20) = 0.0228
P[|Z | a] =
P(0 Z a) =
So,
P(Z a) =
=
From the table, a =
3.699 = 1.2
= 0.324
Substitute = 0.324 into 1 :
2.054(0.324) = 6.35
= 7.015
= 7.015, = 0.324
(b)
42
P Z = 0.0808
5
42
= 1.4
So,
5
P(X 1)
1 P(X = 0)
1 n C0(0.15)0(0.85)n
1 0.85n
0.85n
n log10 0.85
(c)
(i) P(X = 3)
= 10C3(0.02)3(0.98)7
= 0.00083
15 X is the consultation time, in minutes,

of a patient.
X ~ N(10, 52)
15 10
(a) P(X 15) = P Z
5
= P(Z 0.5)
= P(Z 0.5)
= 0.3085
= P(Z 1)
= 0.1587
19 X is the Mathematics mark.

X ~ N(55, 82)
(a) P(45 X 60)
45 50
(i) P(X 45) = P Z
10
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.05
log10 0.05
n 18.43
The least value of n is 19.
17 X ~ N(50, 102)
(a)

log10 0.05
n
log10 0.85
(ii) P(X 2)
= 1 P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)
= 1 10C0(0.05)0(0.95)10
10C1(0.05)(0.95)9
= 1 0.59874 0.31512
= 0.0861
42 = 7
= 35
2 1:
0.6
0.3
0.5 0.3
0.2
0.842.
(i) P(X = 4) = 10C4(0.15)4(0.85)6

= 0.0401
(ii) P(2 X 5)
= P(X = 3) + P(X = 4)
= 10C3(0.15)3(0.85)7 + 0.0401
= 0.1298 + 0.0401
= 0.1699
(b) Mean, = np
= 10(0.15)
= 1.5
Variance, 2 = npq
= 1.275
0.05
14 X ~ N(, 52)
P(X 42) = 0.0808
18 (a)
7.55
f(x)
20
P Z = 0.0228
15
20
= 2
So,
15
20 = 30
= 50
0.6
0.4
P(X 7.55) = 0.05
= P(1 Z 2)
= 1 0.1587 0.0228
= 0.8185
13
16 (a) X ~ N(, 2)
P(X 6.35) = 0.02
= P(1.9 Z 1.76)
= 1 0.0287 0.0392
= 0.9321
There are 500 0.9321 = 466
cabbages have a mass between
715 g and 1264 g.
(ii) P(42 X 56)
(b) P(8 X 14)
42 50
(b) P(X 42) = P Z
5
= P(Z 1.6)
= P(Z 1.6
= 0.0548
45 55
60 55
= P Z
8
8
= P(1.25 Z 0.625)
= 1 P(Z 1.25) P(Z 0.625)
= 1 0.1056 0.2660
= 0.6284
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
70 55
(b) P(X 70) = P Z
8
21 (a)
= P(Z 1.875)
= 0.0303
The number of candidates with
distinction
= 0.0303 200
= 6.06
= 6 students
P(X x) = 0.97
(c)
x 55
P Z
8
x 55
So,
8
x 55
x
(i) P(X 2)
= 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)
= 1.881
= 15.048
= 39.95
= 40 (2 s.f.)
Lowest passing mark = 40

(ii) P(X 1)
1 P(X = 0)
n
1 0 3 n
1 C0
4
4
3 n
1
4
3 n
4
3
n log10
4
0.97
n=9
x
28 25
(i) P(X 28) = P Z
2
= P(Z 1.5)
= 0.0668
P(X L) = 0.1
L 25
P Z = 0.1
2
L 25
So,
= 1.281
2
L 25 = 2.562
L = 22.44
= 22 cm (2 s.f.)
f(z)
0.1
25
10
22 (a)
0.1
log10 0.1
n
3
log10
4
n8
(b)

3 2 4
(i) P(X = 2) = 3C2
7
7
= 0.3149
(ii) P(X 2) = 1 P(X = 3)

4 3 3
= 1 3C3
7
7
= 0.8134
P(X m) = 0.22
m 55
P Z =
4
m 55
So,
=
4
m 55 =
m=
(i) P(30 X 42)

= 1 0.1587 0.0808
= 0.7605
(ii)
P(X 42) = 0.0808

42
P Z = 0.0808
42
= 1.4
So,
42 = 1.4
+ 1.4 = 42
and
0.22
0.772
3.088
58.09 (2 d.p.)
P(X 30) = 0.1587
30
P Z = 0.1587
30
= 1
So,
30 =
1 2:
0
(b) X is the mass, in kilograms, of a

student.
X ~ N(55, 42)
(i) P(X 62)
62 55
= P Z
4
= P(Z 1.75)
= 0.0401
(ii)
1
2
= 30

np = 2
npq = 1.5
1.5
2 1 : q =
2
= 0.75
So,
p= 1 q
= 1 0.75
= 0.25
Substitute p = 0.25 into 1 :
n(0.25) = 2
n=8
p = 0.25, n = 8
80 65
(ii) P(X 80) = P Z
10
= P(Z 1.5)
= 0.0668
The percentage of students
who obtained Al grade
= 0.0668 100
= 6.68%
(ii) P(23 X 28)

23 25
= P Z 1.5
2
= P(1 Z 1.5)
= 1 P(Z 1) P(Z 1.5)
= 1 0.1587 0.0668
= 0.7745
(b) P(X 23) = P(Z 1)
= 0.1587
The number of bottles
= 0.1587 500
= 79.35
= 79(2 s.f.)
(c)
0.9
0.9
0.1
log
40 65
(i) P(X 40) = P Z
10
= P(Z 2.5)
= 0.00621
P(X = 4) = 5C4(0.97)4(0.03)
= 0.1328
20 X is the length, in centimeters, of a
bottle
X ~ N(25, 22)
(a)
23 (a)
0.9
0.9
(b) X is the Chemistry mark.

X ~ N(65, 102)
55
55

f(x)
0.03
0.22
1 0 3 5
= 1 5C0
4
4
1 3 4
5
C1
4 4
= 1 0.2373 0.3955
= 0.3672

= 0.97
f(x)
2
2.4 = 12
=5
+ 1.4(5) = 42
= 35
= 35, = 5
24 (a) X ~ B(6, 0.9)
(i) P(X = 3) = 6C3(0.9)3(0.1)3
= 0.0146
(ii) P(X 3)
= P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) +
P(X = 5) + P(X = 6)
= 0.0146 + 6C4(0.9)4(0.1)2
+ 6C5(0.9)5(0.1) +
6
C6(0.9)6(0.1)0
= 0.0146 + 0.09842 + 0.35429
+ 0.53144
= 0.9988
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(b) X is the length, in

a pencil.
X ~ N(, 0.52)
P(X 15)
15
P Z
0.5
15
So,
0.5
15

centimeters, of
5
10
= 1.645
10
5
3
C1
5
= 120
= 10.95
= 300, = 10.95
(b)
(i) P(X a) = 1 0.9772

= 0.0228
= 0.9983
= 0.8225
= 14.18 (2 d.p.)
f(x)
0.05
15
(i) P(X 2)
= 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)
3
= 1 10C0
5
= 0.05
= 0.05
25 (a)
(ii) Mean, = np
3
= 500
5
= 300
Standard deviation,
= npq
=

2
300
5
(ii)
P(X a) = 0.9772
a 50
P Z = 0.9772
5
a 50
= 2
So,
5
a 50 = 10
a = 50 10
= 40
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
20 Motion along a Straight Line

(ii)
Booster Zone
1 (a) s2 = 2(2 4)2
= 2(2)2
=8m
(c)
(b) s4 = 4(4 4)2

=0
(c) s6 = 6(6 4)2
= 6(4)
= 24 m
s=
2t 2 8t =
t 2 4t 5 =
(t 5)(t + 1) =
t=5s
s 0
2t 2 8t 0
2t(t 4) 0
0
5 (a)
t=0
s=0
s
0
t=6
s = 12
(b)
(c) s5 = 6(5)2 53
= 25 m
(c)
s
5t t 2
t 2 5t 24
(t 8)(t + 3)
t = 8 or t
t=8s
=
=
=
=
=
24
24
0
0
3
s=0m
5t t 2 = 0
t 2 5t = 0
t(t 5) = 0
t = 0 or t = 5
The particle passes through O
again when t = 5 s.
s=0
2t 2 8t = 0
2t(t 4) = 0
t = 0 or t = 4
t=4s
s = 5 + 4t t 2
5
0
t (s)
(b)
(i)
s (m)
9
4 (a) s2 = 2(2)2 8(2)

= 8 16
= 8 m
(b)
(iii) 8 m
Average velocity during the

first 6 seconds
distance travelled
=
time taken
20
=
6
1
= 3 m s1
3
6 (a)
(i) 8 m
(ii) 20 m
(iii) The distance in the interval 0

t6
= 2(4) + 12
= 20 m
(ii) s5 = 5(5) 52
=0m
(b)
(i) s = (2) 4(2)

= 4
=4m
(ii) s3 = 3 4(3)
= 9 12
= 3 m
The distance in 4th second
= s4 s3
= 0 (3)
=3m
(i) s2.5 = 5(2.5) (2.5)2

= 12.5 6.25
= 6.25 m
7 (a)
(d) s8 = 6(8)2 83
= 128 m
3 (a)
t=2
s = 4
2 (a) s1 = 6(1)2 13
=5m
(b) s4 = 6(4) 4
= 32 m
Average speed during the first

6 seconds
distance travelled
=
time taken
4+9+7
=
6
20
=
6
1
= 3 m s1
3
t4
(d) s9 = 9(9 4)2

= 9(25)
= 225 m
(ii) s4 = 5 + 4(4) 42
=5m
The distance in the 5th
second
= |s5 s4|
= |0 5|
=5m
10
10
0
0
(i) s1 = 5 + 4(1) (1)2

=8
s0 = 5 + 4(0) (0)2
=5
s1 s0 = 8 5
=3m
(b) Average speed

(20 8) + 20 + 8
=
10
40
=
10
= 4 m s1
8 (a)
(i) s0 = (0 2)2 + 5
=9m
s2 = (2 2)2 + 5
=5m
The distance during the
next 2 seconds
= 5 9
=4m
(ii) s4 = (4 2)2 + 5
=9m
The distance during the
next 2 seconds
=95
=4m
(b) Average velocity

(9 5) + (30 5)
=
7
1
1
= 4 m s
7
ds
9 (a) v =
dt
= 3t 2 6t
v 2 = 3(2)2 6(2)
= 12 12
= 0 m s1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(b)
s=0
t 3t 2 = 0
t 2(t 3) = 0
t = 0 or t = 3
v 3 = 3(3)2 6(3)
= 27 18
= 9 m s1
(b) When the particle is instantaneously

at rest,
v=0
3t 2 18t + 24 = 0
t 2 6t + 8 = 0
(t 2)(t 4) = 0
t = 2 or t = 4
(c)
v=
3t 6t =
t 2 2t 3 =
(t 3)(t + 1) =
t = 3 or t = 1
t=3s
(c)
9
9
0
0
(c)
13 (a) v = 8 4t
s = v dt
= 8t 2t 2 + c
When t = 0, s = 0 and so c = 0
Hence at time t, s = 8t 2t 2
When t = 1, s = 8(1) 2(1)2
=6
The displacement of Q from O
is 6 m.
s=8
2t 2 5t + 5 = 8
2t 2 5t 3 = 0
(2t + 1)(t 3) = 0
1
t = or t = 3
2
v3 = 4(3) 5
= 12 5
= 7 m s1
(b) For maximum displacement,

v=0
8 4t = 0
t=2
Maximum displacement
= 8(2) 2(2)2
= 16 8
=8m
v=3
4t 5 = 3
4t = 8
t=2
s3 = 2(3)2 5(3) + 5
= 18 15 + 5
=8m
3
v
3t 2 6t 9
t 2 2t 3
(t + 1)(t 3)
0
0
0
0
t=0
s=0
t3
ds
12 (a) v =
dt
= 3t 2 18t + 24
v3 = 3(3)2 18(3) + 24
= 3 m s1
t=2
s = 16
t=6
s=0
The distance travelled from

t = 2 to t = 6
= (32 16) + 32
= 48 m
s
2
t=4
s=0
The total distance travelled

during the first 4 seconds
= 2(8)
= 16 m
14 (a) v = 3t 2 6t
s = v dt
= t 3 3t 2 + c
Hence at time t, s = t 3 3t 2
When t = 5, s = (5)3 3(5)2
= 50
The displacement of particle
when t = 5 is 50 m.
(b) When the particle is momentarily
at rest,
v= 0
3t(t 2) = 0
t = 0 or t = 2
s2 = 23 3(2)2
= 8 12
= 4 m
t=0
s=0
t
1
(b) When t = 2, s = 6(2)2 23

= 24 8
= 16 m
When t = 6, s = 6(6)2 63
= 216 216
=0m
The motion of the particle is as
shown below.
t=2
s=8
s4 = 6(4)2 43
= 32 m
s3 = 6(3)2 33
= 54 27
= 27 m
The distance travelled in the 4th
second
= 32 27
=5m
t=4
s = 32
(c) s4 = 8(4) 2(4)2

= 32 32
=0
11 (a) s = t 3t 9t + 5
ds
v =
dt
= 3t 2 6t 9
When the particle reverses its
direction,
v= 0
3t 2 6t 9 = 0
t 2 2t 3 = 0
(t + 1)(t 3) = 0
t = 1 or t = 3
t=3s
(b)
2t4
ds
10 (a) v =
dt
= 4t 5
v0 = 4(0) 5
= 5 m s1
(b)
v 0
t 2 6t + 8 0
(t 2)(t 4) 0
15 (a) v = 12t 3t 2
s = v dt
= 6t 2 t 3 + c
Hence at time t, s = 6t 2 t 3
16 (a) v = 10 2t
s = v dt
= 10t t 2 + c
Hence at time t, s = 10t t 2
(i) When the velocity is 8 m s1,
10 2t = 8
2t = 2
t=1
s1 = 10(1) 12
=9m
(ii) When the particle
instantaneously at rest,
v=0
10 2t = 0
t=5
s5 = 10(5) 52
= 25 m
in
(b) When the particle passes through

O again,
s=0
10t t 2 = 0
t (10 t) = 0
t = 0 or t = 10
v10 = 10 2(10)
= 10 20
= 10 m s1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
17 (a) When the particle is instantaneously

at rest,
v=0
t 2 4t + 3 = 0
(t 1)(t 3) = 0
t = 1 or t = 3
(b) s = (t 2 4t + 3)dt
t 3 2t 2 + 3t + c
=
3
Hence at time t,
t 3 2t 2 + 3t
s =
3
1 2+3
When t = 1, s =
3
1 m
= 1
3
When t = 3, s = 9 18 + 9
=0m
The distance between the
positions when the particle is
1 m
at rest = 1
3
dv
a =
dt
= 6t 8
(a) When t = 0, a = 6(0) 8
= 8 m s2
(b) When t = 2, a = 6(2) 8
= 4 m s2
(c) When the particle passes O again,
s=0
t 3 4t 2 12t = 0
t (t 2 4t 12) = 0
t (t + 2)(t 6) = 0
t = 0 or t = 2 or t = 6
a6 = 6(6) 8
= 28 m s2
(d)
18 s = v dt
2t 3 + c
5t 2
= 3t +
2
3
5 t2 2 t3
Hence, s = 3t +
2
3
5 (3)2
2 (3)3
(a) s3 = 3(3) +
2
3
1
= 13 m
2
5 (2)2
2 (2)3
s2 = 3(2) +
2
3
2
= 10 m
3
The distance travelled in the 3rd
second
1
2
= 13 10
2
3
5
= 2 m
6
5 (6)2
2 (6)3
(b) s6 = 3(6) +
2
3
= 36 m
shown below.
t=0
s=0
t=3
1
s = 13
2
s
a0
6t 8 0
6t 8
4
t
3
20 v = t 2 + 2t 8
dv
a = = 2t + 2
dt
(a) When the particle is instantaneously
at rest,
v= 0
t 2 + 2t 8 = 0
(t + 4)(t 2) = 0
t = 4 or t = 2
a2 = 2(2) + 2
= 6 m s2
(b)
t 2 + 2t 8 = 16
t 2 + 2t 24 = 0
(t + 6)(t 4) = 0
t = 6 or t = 4
a4 = 2(4) + 2
= 10 m s2
21 a = 8 4t
v = a dt
= 8t 2t 2 + c
When t = 0, v = 3 and so c = 3
At time t, v = 8t 2t 2 + 3
(a) v3 = 8(3) 2(3)2 + 3
= 9 m s1
0
t=6
s = 36
The distance travelled during

the first 6 seconds
1
= 2 13 + 36
2
= 63 m
19 s = t 3 4t 2 12t
ds
v =
dt
= 3t 2 8t 12
(b) For maximum velocity,

a= 0
8 4t = 0
t= 2
Maximum velocity
= 8(2) 2(2)2 + 3
= 11 m s1
22 (a) a = 2t 6
a0 = 2(0) 6
= 6 m s2
(b) v = a dt
= t 2 6t + c
Hence at time t, v = t 2 6t + 2
For minimum velocity,
a =0
2t 6 = 0
t =3
Minimum velocity
= 32 6(3) + 2
= 7 m s1
23 a = 6 2t
v = a dt
= 6t t 2 + c
When t = 0, v = 16 and so c = 16
Hence, v = 6t t 2 + 16
s = v dt
t 3 + 16t + c
= 3t 2
3
1 t3
Hence, s = 16t + 3t 2
3
(a) For maximum displacement,
v= 0
6t t 2 + 16 = 0
t 2 6t 16 = 0
(t 8)(t + 2) = 0
t = 8 or t = 2
Maximum displacement
1 (8)3
= 16(8) + 3(8)2
3
512
= 128 + 192
3
1 m
= 149
3
1 (3)3
(b) s3 = 16(3) + 3(3)2
3
= 48 + 27 9
= 66 m
24 a = 3 t
v = a dt
1 t2 + c
= 3t
2
1 t2
Hence, v = 8 + 3t
2
s = v dt
3 t 2
1 t3 + c
= 8t +
2
6
3 t 2
1 t3
Hence, s = 8t +
2
6
1 (4)2
(a) v4 = 8 + 3(4)
2
= 12 m s1
(b) For maximum velocity,
a= 0
3 t= 0
t= 3
Maximum velocity
1 (3)2
= 8 + 3(3)
2
1 m s1
= 12
2
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(a) v0 = 5 + 6(0) 02
= 5 m s1
(c) When the particle is at rest,

v=0
1 t2 = 0
8 + 3t
2
t 2 6t 16 = 0
(t + 2)(t 8) = 0
t = 2 or t = 8
(b)
3 (8)2
1 (8)3
s8 = 8(8) +
2
6
256
= 64 + 96
3
2 m
= 74
3
3 (10)2
1 (10)3
(d) s10 = 8(10) +
2
6
500
= 80 + 150
3
1
= 63 m
3
Average speed during the first
10 seconds
2 63
1
2 + 74
74
3
3
3
=
10
= 8.6 m s1
25 a = 12 6t
v = a dt
= 12t 3t 2 + c
Hence, v = 12t 3t 2
s = v dt
= 6t 2 t 3 + c
Hence, s = 6t 2 t 3
(a) When the particles is at rest,
v= 0
12t 3t 2 = 0
3t(4 t) = 0
t = 0 or t = 4
The time taken to reach A is
4 s.
(b) s4 = 6(4)2 43
= 32 m
The distance OA is 32 m.
(c) For maximum speed,
a=0
12 6t = 0
t=2
Maximum speed
= 12(2) 3(2)2
= 24 12
= 12 m s1
26 a = 6 2t
v = a dt
= 6t t 2 + c
When t = 1, v = 10 and so c = 5
Hence, v = 5 + 6t t 2
a =0
6 2t = 0
t =3
v3 = 5 + 6(3) 32
= 14 m s1
27 a = 1 2t
v = a dt
= t t2 + c
Hence, v = t t 2 + 6
s = v dt
1 t 2
1 t3 + c
= 6t +
2
3
1 t2 1 t3
Hence, s = 6t +
2
3
(a) When the particle reverses its
direction,
v= 0
t t2 + 6 = 0
t2 t 6 = 0
(t + 2)(t 3) = 0
t = 2 or t = 3
The particle reverses its direction
when t = 3 s.
1 (3)2
1 (3)3
(b) s3 = 6(3) +
2
3
9 9
= 18 +
2
1 m
= 13
2
28 a = 6t 12
v = 3t 2 12t + c
Hence, v = 3t 2 12t + 9
s = t 3 6t 2 + 9t + c
Hence s = t 3 6t 2 + 9t
(a) When the particle is at rest,
v=0
3t 2 12t + 9 = 0
t 2 4t + 3 = 0
(t 1)(t 3) = 0
t = 1 or t = 3
The particle is at rest when
t = 1 s and t = 3 s.
SPM Appraisal Zone

1 v = 12t 3t 2
s = v dt
= 6t 2 t 3 + c
Hence at time t, s = 6t 2 t 3
dv
a =
dt
= 12 6t
(a) For maximum velocity,
a= 0
12 6t = 0
t= 2
da
Furthermore, = 6 0
dt
v is maximum when t = 2
Maximum velocity
= 12(2) 3(2)2
= 24 12
= 12 m s1
(b) When the particle reverses its
direction,
v=0
12t 3t 2 = 0
3t (4 t) = 0
t = 0 or t = 4
The particle reverses its direction
when t = 4 s.
(c) s4 = 6(4)2 43
= 96 64
= 32 m
s3 = 6(3)2 33
= 54 27
= 27 m
The distance travelled in the
4th second
= 32 27
=5m
(d) When the particle passes O again,
s=0
6t 2 t 3 = 0
t 2(6 t) = 0
t = 0 or t = 6
The particle passes O again
when t = 6 s.
2 a = 8 2t
v = 8t t 2 + c
Hence, v = 8t t 2 + 9
(a)
(b) s1 = (1)3 6(1)2 + 9(1)

=4m
s2 = (2)3 6(2)2 + 9(2)
=2m
The distance of the particle
from O is
= 4 + (4 2) = 6 m
(i) For maximum velocity,

a=0
8 2t= 0
t=4
Maximum velocity
= 8(4) 42 + 9
= 32 16 + 9
= 25 m s1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(ii) When the particle stops,

v=0
8t t 2 + 9 = 0
t 2 8t 9 = 0
(t + 1)(t 9) = 0
t = 1 or t = 9
The particle stops after
9 s, so m = 9.
(b)
v (m s 1)
25
v = 9 + 8t t 2
The total distance from t = 2 to

t = 6 is
= (100 46) + (100 90)
= 64 m
4 (a) v = t 2 + pt + 8
dv
a =
dt
= 2t + p
When t = 4,
a=
2t + p =
8 +p=
p=
(b)
t (s)
From the graph,

9
s = (9 + 8t t 2)dt
0
1 t3 9
= 9t + 4t 2
3
0
= 81 + 324 243
= 162 m
The total distance travelled is
162 m.
(a)
1 t 3 3t 2 + 8t
Hence s =
3
1
s2 = (8) 3(4) + 8(2)
3
2
= 6 m
3
1 (4)3 3(16) + 8(4)
s4 =
3
1
= 5 m
3
The distance of AB
v=0
12t 3t + 15= 0
t 2 4t 5 = 0
(t + 1)(t 5) = 0
t = 1 or t = 5
s5 = 15(5) + 6(5)2 (5)3
= 75 + 150 125
= 100 m
(iii)
t=2
s = 46
t=5
s = 100
s
O
t=6
s = 90
v (m
s 1)
v = t 2 6t + 8
8
t (s )
From the graph, the acceleration

is negative when 0 t 3.
5 (a)
The particle will not reach Y.

(ii) s8 = 82 6(8) + 10
= 26 m
during the first 8 seconds
= (10 1) + (26 1)
= 9 + 25
= 34 m
(iii) s = t 2 6t + 10
s (m)
26
s = t 2 6t + 10
10
15
a=0
12 6t = 0
t=2
s2 = 15(2) + 6(2)2 (2)3
= 30 + 24 8
= 46 m
(b) The motion of the particle is shown

below.
t=0
s=0
(c)
s
Y
2 5
1
= 6
3
3
1
= 1 m
3
t=0
s = 10
t=3
s=1
(ii) s = v dt
1 t 3 3t 2 + 8t + c
=
3
(i) s1 = 15(1) + 6(1)2 (1)3

= 20 m
(ii)
The motion of the particle is

as shown below.
2
2
2
6
(i) When the particle is at rest,

v=0
t 2 6t + 8 = 0
(t 2)(t 4) = 0
t = 2 or t = 4
The
particle
is
instantaneously at rest
when t = 2 s and t = 4 s.
3 a = 12 6t
v = 12t 3t 2 + c
When t = 0, v = 15 and so c = 15
Hence, v = 12t 3t 2 + 15
s = v dt
= 15t + 6t 2 t 3 + c
Hence, s = 15t + 6t 2 t 3
(i) When the particle reverses its

direction,
v= 0
2t 6 = 0
t= 3
s3 = 32 6(3) + 10
= 9 18 + 10
=1m
v 0
2t 6 0
t 3
t (s)
6 (a) s = 5 + 3t 2 t 3
When t = 0, s = 5 + 3(0)2 03
=5
The distance of OA = 5 m
ds
(b) v =
dt
= 6t 3t 2
When the velocity is negative,
v0
6t 3t 2 0
3t 2 6t 0
3t (t 2) 0
(b) s = v dt
= t 2 6t + c
When t = 0, s = 10 and so c = 10
Hence, s = t 2 6t + 10
t2
dv
(c) a =
dt
= 6 6t
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
For a maximum velocity,

a =0
6 6t = 0
t =1
Maximum velocity
= 6(1) 3(1)2
= 3 m s1
(d) s2 =
=
s4 =
=
(b)
5 + 3(2)2 23
9m
5 + 3(4)2 43
11 m
(ii) When the velocity is 2 m s1,

v= 2
5 + 8t 3t 2 = 2
3t 2 8t 3 = 0
(3t + 1)(t 3) = 0
1 or t = 3
t =
3
t=3s

shown below.
t=0
s=5
t=2
s=9
(iii) When the acceleration is

6 m s2,
a= 6
8 6t = 6
6t = 2
1
t =
3
1 s
t =
3
O
t=4
s = 11
The total distance travelled by

the particle in the first 4 seconds
= (9 5) + 9 + 11
= 24 m
7 (a) s = 2t 2 8
When t = 0, s = 2(0)2 8
= 8
The distance OA = 8 m
9 (a)
(b) When the particle passes O,

s=0
2t 2 8 = 0
t2 = 4
t = 2
t=2s
t=3
s = 10
8 + 10
Average speed =
3
= 6 m s1
8 (a)
(iii) When P moves towards the

left,
v0
6t 2 4t 2 0
3t 2 2t 1 0
(3t + 1)(t 1) 0

shown below.
dv
(i) a =
dt
= 8 6t
(ii) s = v dt
= 5t + 4t 2 t 3 + c
Hence, at time t, s = 5t + 4t 2 t 3
0t1
(b)
(6t 2 9t 2) dt +
(6t 4t 2) dt
= [2t 2t 2t] +
[2t 2t 2t]
2
0
3
= 2 + [30 (2)]
= 34 m
10 (a) a = 4t 16
When t = 0, a = 4(0) 16
= 16 m s2
(b) v = a dt
= (4t 16)dt
= 2t 2 16t + c
When t = 0, v = 30 and so c = 30
Hence, at time t, v = 2t 2 16t + 30
(c) When the particle reverses its
direction of motion,
v= 0
2t 2 16t + 30 = 0
t 2 8t + 15 = 0
(t 3)(t 5) = 0
t = 3 or t = 5
t = 3 s and t = 5 s
2 t 3 8t 2 + 30t + c
=
3
Hence, at time t,
2 t 3 8t 2 + 30t
s =
3
When t = 3,
2 (3)3 8(3)2 + 30(3)
s =
3
= 36 m
When t = 5,
2 (5)3 8(5)2 + 30(5)
s =
3
250 200 + 150
=
3
1 m
= 33
3
shown below.
t=0
s=0
1

3
The distance travelled during

the first 3 seconds
(d) s = v dt
(c) s3 = 2(3)2 8
= 18 8
= 10 m
dv
(i) a =
dt
= 12t 4
When t = 0,
a = 12(0) 4
= 4 m s2
(ii) For minimum velocity,
a=0
12t 4= 0
1
t =
3
Minimum velocity
1 2
1
= 6 4 2
3
3
2
4
= 2
3
3
2
= 2 m s1
3
ds
v =
dt
= 4t
v = 4(2)
= 8 m s1
t=0
s = 8
(i) When the particle passes O

again,
s=0
5t + 4t 2 t 3 = 0
t 3 4t 2 5t = 0
t(t 2 4t 5) = 0
t(t + 1)(t 5) = 0
t = 0 or t = 1 or t = 5
t=5s
t=3
s = 36
s
v (m s1)
v = 6t 2 4t 2
40
t=5
1
s = 33
3
The distance travelled by the

particle in the first 5 seconds
0
2
t (s)
1
= 36 + 36 33
3
2
= 38 m
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
21 Linear Programming
Booster Zone
1 (a)
(i)
(b)
4x 3y = 12
y
O
y=
3x
12
y = 3x 4
4
O
2
x=2
(c)
y
2
x
1 O
2y = x
y
(d)
6
2y + 3x = 12
x
y = 3
3 O
y
x 2y = 8
x
8
x + 2y = 4
x
3 y + 2x = 6
(d)
4
x
x+y=5
y = 2x
(e)
y = 3x
(1, 3)
(1, 2)
O
x
(f)
6
y
O
xy=6
x
O
y
2y = x + 2
(b) x 5
(d) x + y 4
(f) 2x y 10
y=x
y=2
x+y=2
1
2
3 (a) y 1
(c) y 2x
(e) y 2x 8
4 (a)
y
(h)
(c)
(g)
y = 2x
y=3
x
3
O
(d)
x
y + 2x = 6
O x=1
(c)
(f)
x = 4
(b)
y=2
x = 1
2 (a)
(b)
(e)
y=3
5 (a) x 5, y x + 5, x + y 5
(b) y 2, y 2x, y x
(c) y 6, y x, x + y 6
(d) 2y x, y 3x, 3y + 2x 24
6 x = curry puffs, y = doughnuts
I : x + y 120
II : x 2y
III : x y 40
x + y 120, x 2y, x y 40
7 I :xy
II : x 2y
III : 8x + 5y 5000
x y, x 2y, 8x + 5y 5000
8 (a) 2 x 4
(b) At point (3, 6), 3 + 2(6) = 15
9 (a) Maximum value of x = 10
Maximum value of y = 12
(b) 2x + 3y = 6
At point (5, 2), 2(5) + 3(2) = 16
The minimum value of
2x + 3y is 16.
10 (a) I : 60x + 30y 50 60
2x + y 100
II : 30x + 60y 30 60
x + 2y 60
y
2
III :
x 1
y 2x
2x + y 100, x + 2y 60,
y 2x
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(b)
(d) 120x + 60y = k

At point (160, 80),
120(160) + 60(80) = 24 000
The maximum profit = RM24 000
2 (a) I : x + y 30
II : x y 20
III : 20x + 40y 1600
x + 2y 80
x + y 30, x y 20,
x + 2y 80
(b) y
y
y = 2x
100
90
80
70
60
50
(25, 50)
40
30
20
2x + y = 100
10
x + 2y = 60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
60
(i) 47 chairs
(ii) 20 chairs
(d) 20x + 25y = k
At point (25, 50),
20(25) + 25(50) = 1750
The maximum profit can
be obtained by the factory is
RM1750.
SPM Appraisal Zone

1 (a) I : x + y 150
1x
II : y
2
III : 400x + 200y 80 000
2x + y 400
1
x + y 150, y x,
2
2x + y 400
(b) y
20
40
350
10
300
y = 3x
200
(160, 80)
x + y = 150
0
(c)
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
(i) When x = 100, y = 200

(ii) When y = x, the minimum
number printer A = 75 and
printer B = 75.
(c)
(20, 60)
x = 30
60
50
x + y = 140
40
50
y 2x = 20
70
y = 60
R
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

60x + 40y = 2400
100
x y = 40
80
20
150
x = 50
60
40
80 100 120 140 160
(i) Maximum point is (20, 70).

Number of slippers = 20
Number of sandals = 70
(ii) 3x + 8y = k
At point (20, 70),
3(20) + 8(70) = 620
The maximum amount
= RM620
5 (a) I : x + y 80
II : y 2x 20
III : 5x + 10y 400
x + 2y 80
x + y 80, y 2x 20,
x + 2y 80
(b)
80
1 x
y=
2
20 40 60
(c)
(i) 3x + 2y = 6
(ii) At point (40, 20),
3(40) + 2(20) = 160
The maximum amount
= RM160
3 (a) I : x + y 140
II : y 3x
III : x y 40
x + y 140, y 3x, x y 40
(b)
100
250
30 40 50 60 70 80
(c)
y=x
x + 2y = 160
x + y = 30
0 10 20
3x + 2y = 6
x = 100
20
120
2x + y = 400
(20, 70)
60
(40, 20)
140
400
x = 2y
80
x + 2y = 80
30
160
2 y
x=
7
140
100
40
450
120
x y = 20
50
(c)
: x 2y
2
x
II :
y
7
2
x y
7
III : 5x + 10y 800
x + 2y 160
2 y, x + 2y 160
x 2y, x
7
(b)
4 (a) I
(i) When y = 60, 20 x 80

(ii) 60x + 40y = 2400, x = 50.
At point (50, 90),
60(50) + 40(90) = 6600
The maximum fees
collected = RM6600
30
x + y = 80
20
x + 2y = 80
10
0
(c)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
(i) When x = 30, 25 y 50

(ii) 4x + 8y = k
At point (20, 60),
4(20) + 8(60) = 560
The maximum profit
obtained = RM560
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
SPM-Cloned Questions
Chapter 12: Progressions
1 (a) 2m + 1 m
m+1
2m
m
=
=
=
=
5m 1 (2m + 1)
3m 2
3
3
2
(b) The first three terms are
3
13
, 4, , ...
2
2
3 and d = 4
3
So, a =
2
2
5
=
2
3
5
11
S11 = 2 + 10
2
2
2
11
= (3 + 25)
2
= 154
2 For 9, 5, 1, ...
d = 5 (9)
=4
S4 = 100
4
[2a + 3(4)] = 100

2
2(2a + 12) = 100
2a + 12 = 50
2a = 38
a = 19
The four consecutive terms which
sum up to 100 are 19, 23, 27 and 31.
3 (a) d = 9 4
=5
(b) The next four terms are 19, 24, 29
and 34.
So, the sum of these terms are
19 + 24 + 29 + 34 = 106.
T4 = 155
k + 3m = 155 1
S8 = 1340
7 (a)
8 (2k +7m) = 1340
2
2k + 7m = 335 2
1 2 2k + 6m = 310 3
m = 25
2 3
k + 3(25) = 155
k = 155 75
= 80
(b) 80 + (n 1)25 = 120 + (n 1)15
80 + 25n 25 = 120 + 15n 15
25n + 55 = 105 + 15n
10n = 50
n=5
2 = 4m
8 (a) T1 = 6
3
8m
2 =
T2 = 4
3
3
This is in the form of a geometric
progression
8 4
with a = 4 and r =
3
2
=
3
9
2
T10 = 4
3
= 0.104 m
(b) The total distance travelled
8 + ...
= 6 + 2(4) + 2
3
8
= 6 +
2
1
3
= 6 + 24
= 30 m
4 For 18, 6, 2, ...

6
a = 18 and r =
18
1
=
3
18
S =
1
1
3
18
=
2
3
= 27
16
x
5 =
8
16
x = 2(16)
= 32
6 (a) 8, 16, 24
(b) d = 16 8
=8
Chapter 13: Linear Law

q
1 y = p x
x
y
1
+p
= q
x
x
From the graph,

41
q =
1
2
2
3
=
3
2
q = 2
q=2
y
1 +p
= 2
x
x
At (2, 1), 1 = 2(2) + p
p=1+4
=5
p = 5, q = 2
2
3y = 8x3 + x
3y
= 8x2 + 1
x
8 x2 +
1
y =
x
3
3
At (h, 3),
8 h+
1
3=
3
3
8 h=
8
3
3
h=1
8 (4) +
1
At (4, k), k =
3
3
33
=
3
= 11
h = 1, k = 11
3
y = 2x2 4
y
4
2 = 2 2
x
x
1
y
2 = 2 4 2
x
x
a
4 x + = by
x
bxy = x2 + a
1
a
xy = x2 +
b
b
From the graph,
1
2
=
b
12 6
1
=
3
b=3
1
a
At (6, 0), 0 = (6) +
3
3
a
= 2
3
a = 6
a = 6, b = 3
y
log10 y
log10 y
(b) log10 k
k
5 (a)
6 (a)
x2
1
4
9
16
25
36
=
=
=
=
=
=
k4x
log10 k + log10 4x
log104(x) + log10 k
2
102
100
xy
15.5
20.0
27.6
38.0
51.5
67.8
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
70
60
50
40
(16, 38)
30
= 4(x + 1)6 dx
1
= 8 + (10 6)
= 12
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
k
(b) y = hx +
x
2
xy = hx + k
3 (a)
1.00
0.75
4 (a)
1.00
0.33
1.09
0.25
1.12
0.20
1.15
(b)
0.8
(1.0, 0.75)
+4
4
1 +
a
x
From the graph,

4 = 1.26
(i)
a
4
a =
1.26
= 3.175
0.75 1.26
b =
(ii)
a
1.0 0
b
= 0.51
3.175
b = 1.619
Chapter 14: Integration

1 Area = 9 unit2
2
dx = 9
3 k
5) dx
= x 5x + c
Compare with x3 px + c
So, p = 5
(3x
5) dx = 4
x3 5x + c = 4
When x = 2,
23 5(2) + c = 4
8 10 + c = 4
c=6
=9
0
h f(y) dy = 3(5) 11
y = k(x + 1)3
dy
= 3k(x + 1)2
dx
dy
At x = 2, = 6
dx
3k(2 + 1)2 = 6
3k = 6
k=2
(b) (i) Area of the shaded region, P
2 2(x + 1)
(x + 1)
=
2
y = x2 + 4
dy
= 2x
dx
dy
At A(1, 5), = 2(1)
dx
= 2
Equation of the tangent at A is
y 5 = 2 (x + 1)
y 5 = 2x 2
y = 2x + 3
(b) Area under the curve
8 (a)
1(x
+ 4) dx
0
x
= + 4x
3
1
1
= 0 4
3
13 unit2
=
3
Area of trapezium
1
= (1)(3 + 5)
2
= 4 unit2
13 4
=
3
1
= unit2
3
= (y 4) dy
4
6
y2
= 4y
2
4
= [18 24 (8 16)]
= 2 unit3
2
1 (a) OP =
3
(b) PQ = PO + OQ
= 2 i 3 j + 4 i + 4 j
~
~
~
~
= 2i + j
~ ~
2 PQ = PO + OQ
= 8 ~i 4 j + 5 i + 3 j
~
~
~
= 13 i j
~ ~
3 OB
3 OD =
4
3 (8 x + 4y )
=
~
4 ~
= 6 ~x + 3y
~
7 (a)
Chapter 15: Vector
= 15 11
= 4 unit2
= x2 4x + c
5 = 22 4(2) + c
5=48+c
c=9
The equation of the curve is
y = x2 4x + 9.
0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
5 (a) At turning point (2, 5),

k(2) 4 = 0
2k = 4
k=2
dy
(b) = 2x 4
dx
y = (2x 4) dx
1.0
0.6
0.4
(3x
3
y
(0, 1.26)
1.2
(b)
0 x
= 6x 2 4
= (18 12) 4
=2
1
a =
b
(c)
y
x
1 = b
y
a
x
0.50
3 2h(x) dx = 2 3 h(x) dx
= 2(4)
=8
3
3
3
(b) [6 h(x)] dx = 6 dx h(x) dx
From the graph,

38 14
(i) h =
16 0
= 1.5
(ii) k = 14
7 (a)
4(x + 1)7
=
7
4
= unit3
7
(0, 14)
1 f(x) dx + 3 [f(x) + 2] dx
3
5
5
= f(x) dx + f(x) dx + 2 dx
1
3
3
5
= f(x) dx + 2x
1
5
20
10
1
=0
2
1
=
2
1
= unit2
2
(ii) Volume generated
k3
=9
3
k3 = 27
k=3
xy
dx
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
a~
b =
4 (a) ~
=
(b)
12 ~i + j (9 ~i k j )
~
~
3 ~i + (1 + k) j
~
a~
b = 5
~
32 + (1 + k)2
9 + 1 + 2k + k2
k2 + 2k 15
(k + 5)(k 3)
k = 5 or k = 3
=
=
=
=
5
25
0
0
5 (a) QR =
=
(b) QS =
QP + PR
a + 5~
b
2 ~
1 QR
4
1
a + 5~
b)
=
(2 ~
4
1 a
5 b
=~
+
2
4 ~
PS = PQ + QS
1 a
5 b
= 2a + ~
+~
2
4
3a
5 b
= ~
+
2
4 ~
1
(i) AP = AD
3
AD = 3 AP
= 3y
~
DB = DA + AB
= 3y + ~x
~
= ~x 3y
~
1 BD
BR
(ii)
=
3
1
= ( ~x + 3y )
~
3
1 x
=
+ y
3 ~ ~
AR = AB + BR
1
= ~x + ~x + y
~
3
2
= ~x + y
~
3
(b) AR = h AC
= h( AD + DC )
3
= h 3y + k ~x y
~
2 ~
3
= hk ~x + hy
2 ~
2 x
3
y
+
=
hk
hy
~x +
3 ~ ~
2 ~
1
(i) OP = OA
3
1
= (6 ~x )
3
= 2 ~x
BP = BO + OP
= 2 ~x 4y
~
1
(ii) AQ = AB
2
1
= (6 ~x + 4y )
~
2
= 3 ~x + 2y
~
OQ = OQ + AQ
= 6 ~x + (3 ~x + 2y )
~
= 3 ~x + 2y
~
OR = OB + BR
(b)
h(3 ~x + 2y ) = 4y + k(2 ~x 4y )
~
~
~
3h ~x + 2hy = 2k ~x + (4 4k)y
~
~
Equating the coefficients, we have:
3h 2k = 0
1
2h = 4 4k
2h + 4k = 4
h + 2k = 2
2
1 + 2 : 4h = 2
1
h=
2
1
2
1
3 2k = 0
2
3
2k =
2
3
k=
4
1
3
h = , k =
2
4
2
2
(c) AB = 12 + 4
= 160
= 12.649
6 (a)
1 + 2 : 6h = 3
1
h=
2
1
2
1
3 2k = 0
2
3
2k =
2
3
=
4
1
3
h = , k =
2
4
7 (a)
Chapter 16: Trigonometry

1
1 + m2
1
(a) sec =
cos
1
=
m
1 + m2
Equating the coefficients,

3
2
h = 1 and
hk =
2
3
2
2
2
h=
k=
3
3
3
k=1
2
h = , k = 1
3
8 (a) (i) AP = AO + OP
= 2p 2q
1
(ii) PC = PQ
3
1
=
(2p + 4q)
3
2
4
= p + q
3
3
OC = OP + PC
4
2
= 2p p + q
3
3
4
4
= p + q
3
3
(b) AB = AO + OB
4
4
h(2p 2q ) = 2q + k p + q
~
~
~
3 ~ 3 ~
4
4
2hp 2hq = kp + k 2 q
~
~
~
3
3 ~
Equating the coefficients,

4
2h = k
3
6h 4k = 0
3h 2k = 0
1
4
2h =
k2
3
6h = 4k 6
6h + 4k = 6
3h + 2k = 3
2
1 + m2
=
m
(b) cos (90 ) = sin
1
=
1 + m2
2
2 cos 2x + 4 sin x + 1 = 0
2(1 2 sin2 x) + 4 sin x + 1 = 0
2 4 sin2 x + 4 sin x + 1 = 0
4 sin2 x 4 sin x 3 = 0
(2 sin x + 1)(2 sin x 3) = 0
2 sin x + 1 = 0
1
sin x =
2
x = 210, 330
3 (no solution)
or
sin x =
2
x = 210, 330
3 sin2 x 5 cos x = 5
3(1 cos2 x) 5 cos x = 5
3 3 cos3 x 5 cos x = 5
3 cos2 x + 5 cos x + 2 = 0
(3 cos x + 2)(cos x + 1) = 0
3 cos x + 2 = 0
2
cos x =
3
x = (180 48 11'), (180 + 48 11')
= 131 49', 228 11'
or cos x + 1 = 0
cos x = 1
x = 180
x = 131 49', 180, 228 11'
4
1
1 p2
A
p
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
(a) sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A

= 2p 1 p2
(b)
(b) (i),(ii)
y
A 1
cos A = 2 cos2
2
2 A
p = 2 cos 1
2
A
p + 1 = 2 cos2
2
A = p+1
cos2
2
2
A
x
y
13
12
1
x
y =
2
2
y
3
A sin B
12
13
6 (a),(b)
45
90
135
x
180
x
2 sin2 x =
180
x
1 2 sin2 x = 1
180
x
cos 2x = 1
180
x
y = 1
180
x
180
Number of solutions = 2
7 (a) cos4 x sin4 x
= (cos2 x + sin2 x)(cos2 x sin2 x)
= cos2 x sin2 x
= 1 sin2 x sin2 x
= 1 2 sin2 x
= cos 2x
2 4
x
5 3
4
2
2x sin 2x = 1
3
2x 1
sin 2x =
3
3 sin 2x = x
3
2
2
3
x
y=
y = cos 2x
5 (a) 5 4 3 =
=
(b) 4 3 4 =
C
=
543
60
434
48
C4 4C3 = 5 4
= 20
(b) 4! 4! = 576
6 (a)
6543
360
5434
240
Chapter 18: Probability
3
x
y=
2
x
y = 1
180
3 sin 2x
y=
2
C11 = 31 824
C1 5C3 4C4 6C3
= 600
3
8 (a) 9! = 362 880

(b) 6! 4! = 17 280
8 (a),(b)
3
(a) tan A =
4
(b) cos (A + B)
= cos A cos B sin
4 5 3
=
5 13
5
36
20
=
65
65
56
=
65
18
7 (a) 6 5 4 3 =
=
(b) 5 4 3 4 =
O
=
0
1
4 (a)
(b)
x
2(cos4 x sin4 x) = 1
x 1
2 cos 2x =
1
x
cos 2x =
2
2
1
x
y =
2
2
5
3
p+1
A =
cos
2
y = cos 2x
(b) 5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4
V
C
=576543214
= 100 800
x
y
0
3
1

2
2
Chapter 17: Permutations and

Combinations
1
1 Area of big circle = (6)2

= 36 cm2
Area of small circle = (3)2
= 9 cm2
(a) Probability of hitting the unshaded
area
area of small circle
=
area of big circle
9
=
36
1
=
4
(b) Area of shaded area
= (36 9) cm2
= 27 cm2
Probability of hitting the shaded area
Area of the shaded area
=
Area of big circle
27
=
36
3
=
4
2 The tree diagram is drawn and shown
as follows:
1st set
P3 5P4 = 24 120
= 2880
C4 5C2 = 15 10
= 150
(b) (6C2 5C4) + (6C1 5C5)
= 75 + 6
= 81
2 (a)
3 (a) 9! = 362 880
2nd set
2
5
3
Win
Not win 5
3
3rd set
Win
Not win
Win
5 Win
Win
Not win
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
From the tree

(a) P(the match
only)
2
2 +
=
5
5
4 +
9
=
25
25
13
=
25
diagram,
ends in two sets
35 35
3 We define the following events as

follows:
A : getting the same number on the two
spinners.
B : the first spinner shows the larger
numbers.
The possibility diagram is shown below:
2nd spinner
4
5 P(two chips of the same colour)

= P(RR) + P(BB)
4
3 +
3
2
=
7 5
7 5
12 +
6
=
35
35
18
=
25
6 (a) P(Mukhriz or Haziq wins)
= P(Mukhriz wins) + P(Haziq wins)
1 +
1
=
3
4
7
=
12
(b) P(neither Mukhriz nor Haziq wins)
= 1 P(Mukhriz or Haziq wins)
7 =
5
= 1
12
12
7 (a) P(neither of them is chosen)
2
7
=
5
15
7
=
25
(b) P(one of them is chosen)
2
1
2
1st spinner
From the possibility diagram,

(a) The dots enclosed in the loop above
represent the possible outcomes in
event A.
n(A) = 4.
n(A)
P(A) =
n(S)
4
=
16
1
=
4
(b) The triangle in the possibility
diagram above contains the dots
representing the outcomes in event
B.
n(B) = 6
n(B)
P(B) =
n(S)
6
=
16
3
=
8
4 P(G) =
x =
32
x=
=
8
5
8
5 32
8
20
2
7 +
3
8
=
5
15
5
15
24
14 +
=
75
75
38
=
75
8 (a) P(all three are prefects)

= 0.4 0.4 0.4
= 0.064
(b) P(only one of them is prefect)
= (0.4 0.6 0.6) + (0.6 0.4
0.6) + (0.6 0.6 0.4)
= 0.432
Chapter 19: Probability

Distributions
1 (a) X ~ B(10, 0.6)
P(x 8)
= P(X = 8) + P(X = 9) + P(X = 10)
= 10C8(0.6)8(0.4)2 + 10C9(0.6)9(0.4)
+ 10C10(0.6)10(0.4)0
= 0.12093 + 0.04031 + 0.00605
= 0.1673
(b) X ~ N(55, 52)
62 55
(i) z =
5
= 1.4
(ii)
z = 1.4
x 55 = 1.4
5
x = 55 7
= 48 kg
f(z)
1.8
(b) P(Pawaz wins after competing

three sets)
2
3
2 +
3
2
2
=
5
5
5
5
5
5
12
12
= +
125 125
24
=
125
(iii) P(46 X 58)

46 55 Z
58 55
= P
5
5
= P(1.8 Z 0.6)
= 1 0.0359 0.2743
= 0.6898
The number of marbles which are not

green = 32 20
= 12
0.6
2 (a) X ~ B(8, 0.1)

(i) P(X = 3) = 8C3(0.1)3(0.9)5
= 0.0331
(ii) P(X 3)
= P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
= 8C0(0.1)0(0.9)8 + 8C1(0.1)
(0.9)7 + 8C2(0.1)2(0.9)6
= 0.43047 + 0.38264 + 0.1488
= 0.9619
(b) X ~ N(600, 202)
(i) P(X 575)
575 600
= P Z
20
= P(Z 1.25)
= 0.1056
(ii) P(570 X 610)
570 600 Z
610 600
= P
20
20
= P(1.5 Z 0.5)
= 1 0.0668 0.3085
= 0.6247
f(z)
1.5
O 0.5
(c) The number of cabbages in the

market
50
=
0.6247
= 80
3 P(0 Z k) = 0.5 0.2842
= 0.2158
4 X ~ B(8, 0.3)
P(X = 3) = 8C3 (0.3)3(0.7)5
= 0.2541
5 (a)
z
x 220
20
x 220
x
= 1.5
= 1.5
= 30
= 250
210 220
(b) P(X 210) = P Z
20
= P(Z 0.5)
= 1 P(Z 0.5)
= 1 0.3085
= 0.6915
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
f(z)
8 (a)
(i) E(X) = np
6(1) + q = 0
q = 6
p = 1, q = 6
1
= 20
4
=5
(ii) = npq
0.5 O
(i) P(X 2) = 1 P(X 2)

= 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)
= 1 10C0 (0.05)0(0.95)10
10C1 (0.05)(0.95)9
= 1 0.59874 0.3151
= 0.0862
(ii)
npq = 5.7
n(0.05)(0.95) = 5.7
5.7
n =
0.0475
= 120
(b) X ~ N(62, 82)
P(55 x 72)
55 62 Z
72 62
= P
8
8
= P(0.875 Z 1.25)
= 1 P(Z 0.875) P(Z 1.25)
= 1 0.1908 0.1056
= 0.7036
The total number of workers
76
=
0.7036
= 108
6 (a)
f(z)
0.875 O
1.25
3
7 (a) X ~ B 6,
5
3
2
(i) P(X = 4) = 6C4
5
5
= 0.3110
(ii) P(X 2) = 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)
0
3
2
= 1 6C0
5
5
5
3
2
6
C1
5 5
= 1 0.004096 0.036864
= 0.9590
(b) X ~ N(70, 252)
(i) P(65 X 85)
70 Z 85
70
= P 65
25
25
= P(0.2 Z 0.6)
= 1 P(Z 0.2) P(Z 0.6)
= 1 0.4207 0.2743
= 0.3050
(ii) P(X 100)
70
= P Z 100
20
= P(Z 1.5)
= 0.0668
The total number of workers
25
=
0.0668
= 374
3
5
4
= 3.75
= 1.9365
(b)
1 3
3 5
(i) P(X = 3) = 8C3
4
4
= 0.2076
(ii) P(X 2)
= 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)
1 0
3 8 8C
1
3 7
= 1 8C0
1
4 4
4 4
= 1 0.1001129 0.2669678
= 0.6329
Chapter 20: Motion along a

Straight Line
dv
1 (a) a =
dt
= 6t 8
When the particle is at rest, v = 0
3t2 8t 3 = 0
(3t + 1)(t 3) = 0
Since t 0, t = 3 a = 6(3) 8
= 18 8
= 10 m s2
(b) s = v dt
= t3 4t2 3t + c
Hence, s = t3 4t2 3t
When t = 2,
s = (2)3 4(2)2 3(2)
= 8 16 6
= 14
When t = 3,
s = (3)3 4(3)2 3(3)
= 27 36 9
= 18
Thus, the distance of AB is
= 18 14
=4m
ds
2 v =
dt
= 3pt2 + 2qt + 4
dv
a =
dt
= 6pt + 2q
When t = 2, a = 0
6p(2) + 2q
12p + 2q
6p + q
and
v
3p(2)2 + 2q(2) + 4
12p + 4q
3p + q
1 2 : 3p = 3
p=1
3 (a) v = a dt
= 12t 3t2 + c
When t = 0, v = 15 and so c = 15
Hence, v = 12t 3t2 + 15
(b) s = v dt
= 6t2 t3 + 15t + c
Hence, s = 6t2 t3 + 15t
When t = 5,
s = 6(5)2 53 + 15(5)
= 150 125 + 75
= 100
Thus, the distance travelled in the
first 5 seconds is 100 m.
4 (a)
(i) a = 6 2t
v = a dt
= (6 2t) dt
= 6t t2 + c
When t = 0, v = 16 and so c = 16
Hence, v = 6t t2 + 16
For maximum velocity,
a=0
6 2t = 0
t=3
da = 2 0, v is
Moreover,
dt
maximum when t = 3.
Thus, maximum velocity
= 6(3) 32 + 16
= 18 9 + 16
= 25 m s1
(ii) When the particle stops, v = 0
6t t2 + 16 = 0
t2 6t 16 = 0
(t 8)(t + 2) = 0
Since t 0, t = 8
k=8
(b)
v
25
v = 6t t2 + 16
16
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0
0
0
8
8
12
3
Total distance travelled

=
1
(6t t
8
+ 16) dt
1 t3 + 16t 8
= 3t2
3
0
1 (512) + 16(8)
= 3(64)
3
1 m
= 149
3
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
5 (a) v = 2t (4 t)
= 8t 2t2
dv
a =
dt
= 8 4t
For maximum velocity,
a=0
8 4t = 0
t=2
da = 4 0 v is
Moreover,
dt
maximum when t = 2.
= 8(2) 2(2)2
= 16 8
= 8 m s1
(b) s = v dt
2 t3 + c
= 4t2
3
2 t3
Hence, s = 4t2
3
2 (4)3
s4 = 4(4)2
3
128
= 64
3
1
= 21
3
2 (3)3
s3 = 4(3)2
3
= 36 18
= 18 m
The distance travelled in the 4th
second
1 18
= 21
3
1
= 3
3
(c) When the particle passes O again,
s=0
2 t3 = 0
4t2
3
1 t =0
2t2 2
3
t = 0 or = 6
t=6s
(d) When the particle reverses its
direction of motion
v=0
8t 2t2 = 0
2t (4 t) = 0
t = 0 or t = 4
t=4s
6 (a) v = t2 8t + 12
When t = 0, v = 02 8(0) + 12
= 12
Therefore, the initial velocity of
the particle is 12 m s1.
dv
(b) a =
dt
= 2t 8
For minimum velocity,
a=0
2t 8 = 0
t=4
da = 2 0, v is
Moreover,
dt
minimum when t = 4.
Thus, minimum velocity
= 42 8(4) + 12
= 16 32 + 12
= 4 m s1
(c) When the particle moves to the
left,
v0
t2 8t + 12 0
(t 2)(t 6) 0
2t6
(d) s = v dt
= (t2 8t + 12) dt
1 t 3 4t 2 + 12t + c
=
3
1 t3 4t2 + 12t
Hence, s =
3
1 (23) 4(2)2 + 12(2)
s2 =
3
8 16 + 24
=
3
2 m
= 10
3
1 (6)3 4(6)2 + 12(6)
s6 =
3
= 72 144 + 72
=0m
The motion of the particle is shown
as follows:
t=0
s=0
t=2
2
s = 10
3
S
O
t=6
s=0
The total distance travelled in

the first 6 seconds
2
= 2 10
3
1 m
= 21
3
7 (a) v = 8 + 2t t2
dv
a =
dt
= 2 2t
When the particle is at rest,
v=0
8 + 2t t2 = 0
t2 2t 8 = 0
(t 4)(t + 2) = 0
Since t 0, t = 4
The acceleration of the particle
at R
= 2 2(4)
=28
= 6 m s2
(b) For maximum velocity, a = 0

2 2t = 0
t=1
da
Moreover, = 2 0 v is
dt
maximum when t = 1.
= 8 + 2(1) (1)2
= 9 m s1
(c) s = v dt
= (8 + 2t t2) dt
1 t3 + c
= 8t + t
3
1 t3
Hence, s = 8t + t
3
1 (4)3
s4 = 8(4) + 4
3
64
= 36
3
2 m
= 14
3
1 (6)3
s6 = 8(6) + 6
3
= 54 72
= 18 m
The motion of the particle is shown
as follows:
t=0
s=0
t=4
2
s = 14
3
O
t=6
s = 18
The total distance travelled in

the first 6 seconds
2 + 18
= 2 14
3
1m
= 47
3
1 t2 + 8
8 (a) v = 3t
2
1 (0)2 + 8
When t = 0, v = 3(0)
2
=8
Therefore, the initial velocity of
the particle is 8 m s1.
dv
(b) a =
dt
=3t
When t = 0, a = 3
Therefore, the initial acceleration
of the particle is 3 m s2.
(c) For maximum velocity, a = 0
3t=0
t=3
da = 1 0 v is
Moreover,
dt
maximum when t = 3.
Thus, the maximum velocity
1 (3)2 + 8
= 3(3)
2
1 m s1
= 12
2
(d) When the particle
instantaneously, v = 0.
1 t2 + 8 = 0
3t
2
stops
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
1 t2 3t 8 = 0
2
t2 6t 16 = 0
(t 8)(t + 2)
Since t 0, t = 8
s = v dt
1 t 2 + 8 dt
= 3t
2
3 t2
1 t3 + 8t + c
=
2
6
3 t2
1 t 3 + 8t
Hence, s =
2
6
3
1
2
3
s8 = (8) (8) + 8(8)
2
6
256
= 96 + 64
3
2m
= 74
3
Chapter 21: Linear

Programming
1 (a) I: (0, 0) and (2, 6)
6
m =
2
=3
The equation is
y 6 = 3(x 2)
y 6 = 3x 6
y = 3x
y 3x
II: (0, 0) and (5, 3)
3
m=
5
The equation is
3 (x 5)
y3=
5
3x3
y3=
5
3x
y=
5
3x
y
5
III: (2, 6) and (5, 3)
36
m =
52
= 1
The equation is
y 6 = 1 (x 2)
y 6 = x + 2
y+x=8
y+x8
(b) The maximum value is at point (5, 3).
Thus, the maximum value of
2x + y = 2(5) + 3
= 13
2 (a) I: (4, 0) and (6, 4)
4
m=
2
=2
The equation is
y 4 = 2(x 6)
y 4 = 2x 12
y = 2x 8
y 2x 8
II: (0, 8) and (6, 4)

4
m =
6
2
=
3
The equation is
2 (x 0)
y8=
3
3y 24 = 2x
3y + 2x = 24
3y + 2x 24
III: x 2
(b) The number of solutions is 17.
3 (a) I: A(2, 0) and E(5, 12)
12
m =
3
=4
The equation is
y = 4(x 2)
y = 4x 8
y 4x 8
y 4x 8
1x+5
III: y
2
(b)
y
y = 5x
80
70
60
50
30
(50, 30)
20
15
10
k = 60x + 40y
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
(c)
(i) 15 y 60
(ii) The maximum total fees
= 60x + 40y
= 60(50) + 40(30)
= 3000 + 1200
= RM4200
5 (a) I:
II: B(6, 0) and D(0, 8)

8
m=
6
4
=
3
The equation is
4 (x 6)
y=
3
4x+8
y=
3
4x+8
y
3
3y + 4x 24
III: D(0, 8) and E(5, 12)
4
m=
5
The equation is
4 (x 0)
y8=
5
5y 40 = 4x
5y 4x = 40
5y 4x 40
(b)
y 4x = 8 1
3y + 4x = 24 2
1 + 2:
4y = 16
y=4
4 4x = 8
4x = 12
x=3
C(3, 4)
Thus, the value of z
x + 2y = 3 + 2(4)
= 11
4 (a) I: x + y 80
II: y 5x
1x+5
y=
2
40
45x + 30y 600

3x + 2y 40
II: 50x + 70y 350

5x + 7y 35
4
x
III:
5
y
5
y x
4
(b)
y
20
3x + 2y = 40
18
16
14
5x
y=
4
12
10
8
(7.25, 9.1)
6
4
2
5x + 7y = 35
k = 16x + 8y
(c)
(i) 14 shirts
(ii) Maximum profit
= 16x + 8y
= 16(7) + 8(9)
= 112 + 72
= RM184
6 (a) I: x + y 400
II: x 2y
1x
y
2
III: 8x + 4y 1200
2x + y 300
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
y
400
10
x + y = 400
350
300
250
200
150
1
(267, 134) y =
x
2
(c)
2x + y = 10
x+y=7
160
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
(i) 250 tubes

(ii) Maximum profit
= 8x + 4y
= 8(267) + 4(134)
= RM2672
7 (a) I: x + y 7
II: x 3y
1x
y
3
III: 400x + 200y 2000
2x + y 10
100
1x
y=
3
80
60
(c)
40
(4.3, 1.4)
1
0
y x = 80
(40, 120)
120
4
2x + y = 300
x + y = 160
140
100
50
8 (a) I: x + y 160
II: x 3y
1x
y
3
III: y x 80
(b)
(b)
(b)
(i) 1 van
(ii) Maximum number of students
that can be accommodated
= 40x + 8y
= 40(4) + 8(1)
= 168
20
0
(c)
1x
y=
3
k = 0.5x + 0.8y
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
(i) 120
(ii) Maximum cost
= 0.5x + 0.8y
= 0.5(40) + 0.8(120)
= 20 + 96
= RM116
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
Paper 1
(i) k = 2
(ii) 1
(b) One to one function
1 (a)
63
2 (a) h1(3) =
3
=1
(b)
h1(y) = x
6
y
=x
3
6 y = 3x
y = 6 3x
h(x) = 6 3x
1
1
h =63
3
3
=5

log2x 2
log2(x 4)
log2x
log24
1
log2x log2(x 4)
2
2 log2x log2(x 4)
0
0
0
0
0
10
(i) p = 2
(ii) q = 9
(iii) f(x) = a(x 2)2 9
At (0, 5), 5 = 4a 9
4a = 4
a=1
(b) f(x) = (x + 2)2 9
5 (a)
12 xy = p + qx

1 +q
y=p
x
= log4(x 4)
From the diagram,

82
p =
2 (2)
3
=
2
=2
=2
=4
=4
x2
log2
x4
x2
x4
x2
x2 16x + 64
(x 8)2
x
6x
6x
0
0
0
3
4 4x2 (m + 2)x + m 1 = 0
For equal roots, b2 4ac =
(m 2)2 4(4)(m 1) =
m2 + 4m + 4 16 m + 16 =
m2 12m + 20 =
(m 2)(m 10) =
m = 2 or m =
64(3)
192
32(3)
96
T2
r =
T1
96
=
192
1
=
2
a
(b) S =
1r
192
=
1
1
2
= 384
4k4 2
8k6
7 2 =
1
3
27k 3 k2
9
= (8)(9)(k4)
= 2332k4
Compare with 2x3yk2, we have
x = 3, y = 2, z = 4.

=
=
=
=
=
=
11 (a) T1 =
=
T2 =
=
1 or x 4
x
2
6
f(x) = 5
x
6
y=5
x
6
=
5
y
x
6
x =
5y
6
f 1(x) =
5x
f(x) = f 1(x)
6
6 =
5
x
5x
6
5x 6
=
5x
x
(5x 6)(5 x)
31x 5x2 30
5x2 25x + 30
x2 5x + 6
(x 2)(x 3)
x = 2 or x
2(x2 2) 7x
2x2 7x 4 0
(2x + 1)(x 4) 0
= 16
=
=
=
=
16(x 4)
0
0
8
9 (a) 7 (m + 1) = 2m + 1 7
6 m = 2m 6
3m = 12
m=4
(b) The first three terms are 5, 7 and
9 with a = 5 and d = 2.
The sum of the next three terms
= 11 + 13 + 15
= 39
10 (a) T3 = S3 S2
= 3[2(3) 3] 2 [2(2) 3]
=92
=7
(b) T1 = 1[2(1) 3]
= 1
T2 = S2 S1
= 2 (1)
=3
d = T 2 T1
= 3 (1)
=4

3 (2) + q
2=
2
2 = 3 + q
q=5
13 Area of ABC
1 2 2 4 2
2 1 3 3 1
1
= [6 + 6 4 (2 12 6)]
2
1
= (28)
2
= 14 unit2
14
2y = x + 6
1
y = x + 3
2
mPQ = 2
The equation of PQ:
y 2 = 2 (x 2)
y 2 = 2x + 4
y + 2x = 6
At x-axis, y = 0
So, 2x = 6
x=3
P(3, 0)
At y-axis, x = 0
So, y = 6
Q(0, 6)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
15
16 a~ = kb
~
8
m
=k
6
3
So, we have, 3k = 6
k=2
h
Compare with 2, we have
(x + 5)
h = 13
22
y = 11 4
= 15
4
v = r3
3
dv
= 4r2
dr
dv
dv
dr
=
dt
dr
dt
dr
2
12 = 4r
dt
y=34
= 1
x = 11, y = 15; x = 3, y = 1
dy
= 3
dx
4x 5 = 3
4x = 8
x=2
When x = 2, y = 3(2) 1
=5
R(2, 5)
dy
(b) = 4x 5
dx
y = (4x 5)dx
= 2x2 5x + c
When x = 2 and y = 5,
5 = 2(2)2 5(2) + c
5 = 8 10 + c
c =7
y = 2x2 5x + 7
2 (a)
When surface area is 25 cm2

4r2 = 25
25
r2 =
4
5
r = (r 0)
2
2a
x2 + 8x 33 = 0
(x + 11)(x 3) = 0
x = 11 or x = 3
13
= 2
(x + 5)
m(0) + 3n ,
6m + n(0)
= (2, 2)
m+n
m+n
3n
So = 2
m+n
3n = 2m + 2n
2m = n
1
m =
n
2
PR : RQ = 1 : 2

and
km = 8
2m = 8
m = 4
m = 4
2
dr
5
So, 12 = 4
dt
2
dr
25
12 = 4
dt
4
dr
12
1
= cm s
dt
25

17 a = 4, b = 3, c = 2
k
18

l
dx = 2
x2
k
4x 1 = 2
4 (4) = 2
k
4
=2
k
k=2
~ 35
19 (a) x =
7
=5
=
287
52
7
= 16
=4
(b) New = 4k
1
20 (a) (10)2 = 60
2
50 = 60
60
=
50
= 1.2 radians
(b) AOB = 3.142 1.2
= 1.942 radians
sAB = 10(1.942)
= 19.42 cm
Perimeter of the sector AOB
= 2(10) + 19.42
= 39.42 cm
21
2x 3
y =
x+5
dy 2(x + 5) (2x 3)
=
dx
(x + 5)2
23 (a) 8 7 6 5 4
=87654
= 6720
(b) 2! 6P3 4 = 960
3 (a), (b)
y
y = |cos 2x|
1
1
24 P(blue marble) =
5
1
x
=
5
2x + 15
5x = 2x + 15
3x = 15
x=5
Total number of marbles
=8+x+x+7
= 15 + 2x
= 15 + 2(5)
= 25
25 (a)
3x
y =
4
0.242
Paper 2
Section A
1
y=x4
1
y2 = 2x2 17
2
(x 4)2 = 2x2 17
x2 8x + 16 = 2x2 17
3x
4 =
|cos 2x|
3x
|cos 2x| =
4
3x
y =
4
x
0.258
f(x)
From the table, a = 0.7

(b)
z = 0.7
x
55
= 0.7
10
x 55 = 7
x = 62
Number of solutions is 4.
z
4 (a) 4x 12
2x
x
When x
=
=
=
=
2x 8
4
2
2, y = 4(2) 12
= 8 12
= 4
P(2, 4)
Equation of AB:
y (4) = 1(x 2)
y+4=x2
y=x6
At x-axis, y = 0
0=x6
x=6
A(6, 0)
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
At y-axis, x = 0
y=06
= 6
B(0, 6)
(b)
m(0) + 6n
= 2
m+n
6n = 2m + 2n
2m = 4n
m
2
=
n
1
m:n=2:1
AP : PB = 2 : 1
5 (a) Median = 47.5
20 + k
7
39.5 +
10 = 47.5
2
k
20 + k
7 = 0.8k
2
20 + k
= 7 + 0.8k
2
20 + k = 14 + 1.6k
0.6k = 6
k = 10
(b) (i) Range = 74.5 24.5
= 50
1425
(ii) x =
30
= 47.5
72 917.5
= (47.5)2
30
= 174.333
= 13.204
6 (a) Let BC and AB be x cm and y cm

respectively.
1 xy
A =
2
1 x y
A1 =
2 2 2
1
= xy
8
1 x y
A2 =

2 4 4
1 xy
=
32
1 x y
A3 =

2 8 8
1 xy
=
128
A1
A2
A3
1
=
Since
=
= ,
A
A1
A2
4
the areas of triangles form a geometric
1.
progression with common ratio
4
1
(b) (i) A1 = (12)(6)
2
= 36 cm2

y = x2
Volume =
13
15 19.5 23
(5, 19.5)
14
10
5
(0, 1.5)
0
x
2
3
2
(b) y = ax
y
= ax
x
(i) a =
+ bx
+b
19.5
1.5
50
18
=
5
= 3.6
(ii) b = 1.5
y
(iii) When x = 3.5, = 14
x
y
= 14
3.5
y = 49
2x2 + 3x = 27
2x2 + 3x 27 = 0
(2x + 9)(x 3) = 0
9
x = or x = 3
2
When x = 3,
2
y=3
=9
A(3, 9)
At x-axis, y = 0
2(0) + 3x = 27
x=9
B(9, 0)
3
1
= x2 dx + (9 3)(9)
2
0
x3 3 + 27
=
3 0
8 (a)

y dy
0

(i) BA = BO + OA
= b
~ + ~a
=~
a ~b
OQ = OB + BQ
1 BA
=~
b+
3
1 (a b)
=~
b+
3 ~ ~
1
2
= ~
a + b~
3
3

(ii) BP = BO + OP
1
= b
~ + 2 OA
1
= b + ~a
2
1 ab
=
2 ~ ~
(iii) PQ = PA + AQ
1
2
= ~
a + AB
2
3
1
2
= ~
a + (a
+ b)
2
3 ~ ~
1a+
2b
=
6 ~ 3~
(b) (i) OR = m OQ
1
2
= m ~a + ~
b
3
3
1
2
= ma
+ mb
3 ~ 3 ~
(ii) BR = n BP
1
= n a b
2 ~ ~
1
= na
nb
~
2 ~

(c)
OR = OB + BR
1
2
1
ma + mb = b +
na nb~
3 ~ 3 ~ ~ 2 ~
1
2
1
ma + mb = na + (1 n)b
~
3 ~ 3 ~ 2 ~
1
1
So m = n
3
2
2m = 3n
2m 3n = 0
1
and
2
m=1n
3
2m = 3 3n
9 (a)
25

30
15
y2 9
=
2 0
1
= 40 unit3
2
20

Section B
7 (a)
x
(c)

B(0, 6)
= (9 0) + 27
= 36 unit2
9
=
64
n1
1
=
256
1 4
=
4
n 1 = 4
n=5
36
(ii) S =
1
1
4
36
=
3
4
= 48 cm2
P(2, 4)
n1

A(6, 0)
1
36
4
1
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3
f(z)

10 (a)
0.2
So
m 55
15
m 55 = 0.842
15
m 55 = 12.63
m = 67.63
14 (a) I: x + y 180
II: y 2x
III: 2y x
(b)
y
180
y = 2x
160
140
Section C
P10
100 = 130
12 (a)
3
130 3
P10 =
100
= RM3.90

by Q in the time interval from
t = 0 to t = 9.
= 8 + 2(19) + 197
= 243 m
(ii) Given P(X m) = 0.2

m 55
P Z = 0.2
15
2m + 3n = 3
2
1 + 2 : 4m = 3
3
m=
4
3
4
3 3n = 0
2
4
3
3n =
2
1
n=
2
3
1
m = , n =
4
2
7
tan =
7
= 45
45
TSV =
180
= 0.786 rad
1
1
= (72)(1.571) (7)(7)
2
2
1
+ (3.5)2(0.786)
2
= 13.99 4.814
= 9.176 cm2
(c) SSQ = 7(1.571)
= 10.997 cm
STV = 3.5(0.786)
= 2.751 cm
QS = 72 + 72
= 9.899 cm
= 10.997 cm + 3.5 cm +
2.751 cm + (9.899 3.5) cm
= 23.647 cm
(i) P(X 3)
= 1 P(X = 0) P(X = 1)
P(X = 2)
3 0 2 10
= 1 10C0
5
5
1
9
3
2
10
C1
5
5
3 2 2 8
10C2
5
5
= 0.9877
(ii) The number of students who
do not stay in hostel
2
= 800
5
= 320
73 55
(b) (i) P(X 73) = P Z
15
= P(Z 1.2)
= 0.1151
11 (a)

130(2n) + 375 + 110 + 120n

(b)
3n + 4
= 124.5
380n + 485 = 373.5n + 498
6.5n = 13
n=2
24.90 100 = 124.5
(c)
P08
24.90 100
P08 =
124.5
= RM20
130(4) + 125(3) + 110 + 144(2)
(d) I12/08 =
10
1293
=
10
= 129.3
dv
(i) a =
dt
= 2t + 2
(ii) s = v dt
t3 + t2 15t + c
=
3
When t = 0, s = 8 and so c = 8.
Hence at time t,
t3 + t2 15t + 8
s=
3
(b) (i) When Q is instantaneously at
rest,
v=0
t2 + 2t 15 = 0
(t + 5)(t 3) = 0
t = 5 or t = 3
When t = 3,
33 + 32 15(3) + 8
s =
3
= 9 + 9 45 + 8
= 19
The distance of Q from Y
= 19 + 8
= 27 m
(ii) When t = 9,
93 + 92 15(9) + 8
s=
3
= 197
13 (a)
(56, 110)
120
100
y = 80
80
2y = x
60
x + y = 180
40
20
0
k = 500x + 600y
20
(c)
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180
(i) The minimum number of

students for course A is 40.
(ii) k = 500x + 600y
The maximum total fees
per month obtained
= 500(56) + 600(110)
= RM94 000
8
12
=
sin 40 sin ABC
sin 40
sin ABC = 12
8
= 0.9642
ABC = 7437'
(ii) 122 = 52 + 92 2(5)(9)
cos ADC
90 cos ADC = 38
cos ADC = 0.4222
ADC = 114 58'
(iii) The area of ABCD
1 (8)(12) sin 6523' +
=
2
1 (5)(9) sin 114 58'
2
= 43.638 + 20.395
= 64.03 cm2
(b) (i)
15 (a)
(i)
B'
5
23
'
40
10
12 cm
B
74 37'
34 37'
8 cm
C
AB'
12
(ii) =
sin 34 37' sin 105 23'
12 sin 34 37'
AB' =
sin 105 23'
= 7.07 cm
ISBN: 978-983-70-3258-3

Analysis SPM Additional Mathematics

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Analysis SPM Additional Mathematics

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Cerdik Publications Sdn Bhd

(a) One to one relation.

(i) Many to one relation.

(a) (i) Domain = {a, b, c, d}

One to one relation.

One to one function.

(a) Codomain = {a, b, c}

(b) {(2, 6), (2, 8), (2, 12), (3, 6),

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(a) Many to one relation.

(a) f(3) + g(4)

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Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

(a) (i) Objects = 3, 2, 3

Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

Compare with f 2(x) = 4x 9

(a) f(3x + 2) = 3(3x + 2) + 2

(b) f 2(2) = 9(2) + 8

(c) 2 < f(x) < 7, 0 < f 1(x) < 3

Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

(b) Because for x > 3, its one to

(b) gf(3) = 6, f 1g1(6) = 3

(i) f 2 = f(6 3x)

(b) Number of solutions = 2

(ii) f(x) = 2x2 3

(b) g(2x2 + 1) = 6x2 + 1

Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

2 (a) 3x2 12x = 0, a = 3, b = 12, c = 0

9 x2 + (2p 1)x + (p2 3p 4) = 0

15 (a) x2 (6 + 10)x + (6)(10) = 0

Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

(b) x2 (10 + 7)x + (10)(7) = 0

18 x2 2(m + 1)x + m(m + 1) = 0

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Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

34 (a) (m + 2)x2 2mx + m 5 = 0

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Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

13 (a) Substitute x = 5 into x2 + (m + 1)x

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33 (a) 2x2 12x + k = 0

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38 (a) (3x + 2)2 + (2x + 2)2 = (5x)2

(a) Two distinct roots.

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b2 4ac = (7)2 4(2)(9)

b2 4ac = (4)2 4(1)(3)

f(x) = 2x2 px2 6x 3

Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

(a) Minimum value = 5, x = 3

f(x) = x2 + 6mx + 144

Maximum point = (2, 17)

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Maximum point = (2, 9)

Turning point = (1, 8)

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(4 k)2 4(2 3k)(2) 0

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Cerdik Publications Sdn. Bhd. (203370-D) 2010

(a) (4m)2 4(m + 1)(9) = 0

(a) f(x) = a(x 2) 6

40 (a) f(x) = x2 + 2hx + (h)2 + 4h (h)2