Development Brief - Upper Lee Valley

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CONTENT
1. 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. 4.1 4.2 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3
Introduction Context Physical & Socio-Economic Policy & Planning Urban Design Analysis Urban Grain Open Space Massing & Density Access Building Typology SWOT Summary Vision and Urban Design Principles
6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3
Urban Structure Introduction Urban Structure SWOT Urban structure Vision & principles 6.2.4 Urban structure strategic framework 6.2.5 Urban Structure Opportunity sites 6.2.6 Ordonance Road & Hertford Road 6.2.7 Enfiel Lock Community Hub 6.2.8 Ponders End & Picketts Lock 6.2.9 Brimsdown 6.2.10 Rammey Green House 6.3 Public Realm
Vision Design Principles Development Strategy Upper Lee Valley Upper Lee Valley Development framework Upper Lee Valley Character Areas Upper Lee Valley Key Opportunity Sites Detail development framework Access Introduction Access SWOT Access Vision & Principles Access strategic framework Access - Opportunity sites Ordonance Road & Enfiel Lock Ponders End Picketts Lock Meridian Water
6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3
6. 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.1.7 6.1.8 6.1.9
Introduction Public Realm SWOT Public Realm Vision & Principles 6.3.4 Public Realm strategic framework 6.3.5 Pubic Realm - Opportunity sites 6.3.6 Ordonance Road 6.3.7 Enfiel Island Village 6.3.8 Brimsdown Waterfront Plaza 6.3.9 Grow it! station & Market Satllites 6.3.10 Lee Valley Regional Park 7. 7.1 7.2 8. 9. Phasing Phasing Plan Cost Analysis Conclusion Bibliography Appendices
10.
Quantify the economic effects of reskilling an impoverished, marginalized labor force and regenerating the agricultural parkland and ecology of a postindustrial landscape (Farrell, 2010 483).
1 INTRODUCTION
The area known as the Upper Lee Valley refers to a locality in the northeast of London occupying substantial swath of land in the borough of Enfield, just east of the Enfield town center. The ULV is a multidimensional space, which contains within it a fascinatingly diverse landscape of urban, periurban and natural features. Ranging from residential neighborhoods in the west to the scenic Lee Valley Park and Lee River Navigation in the east and the industrial areas in between, the ULV is truly a microcosm in its own right. Unfortunately, the ULV, long overshadowed by more unified communities surrounding London, has apparently fallen into a state of neglect; despite the efforts of local councils, the ULV has a long way to go before it becomes the leisure destination and desirable real-estate market many hope it will become. The Upper Lee Valley is blessed with many undeniable assets, not the least among which being its relative proximity to London, its border with the M25 ring roadone of the countrys major arteries, and the nearness and notable similarities it shares with the 2012 London Olympics site near Stratford. Still, the ULV also contains its fair share of peri-urban blight, encompassing one of Londons rubbish dumps and serving as a major thruway for automobile traffic, among other things. This confluence of good and bad qualities arguably makes the ULV a location of exceptional potential. Indeed, with the appropriate planning and interventions (not to mention funding), the Upper Lee Valley shows immense promise as a commuting suburb of one of the worlds most exciting cities. The purpose of the following Development Brief, authored by students of the University College Londons Development Planning Unit, is both to provide a detailed analysis of the ULV area from a unique and youthful perspective, and to propose a series of developmental principles and interventions for the pursuit of bettering the ULV based on that analysis. From the outset, several features of this project should be noted: the authors of this document come from various personal, academic and professional backgrounds, thereby offering an
arguably multifaceted perspective on the ULV; it should be noted that while none of the authors are residents of the ULV area, what we operate under the understanding that the betterment of the ULV area must be pursued primarily with the interest of the local residents in mind, and we thusly recognize that what may be commonly understood as better for London may not apply in the same ways to ULV; finally, it should be noted that our analysis is multidimensional and informed by an initial stage of Urban Analysis on issues pertaining to access, social economy, urban grain, open space, massing, and typology. As a point of entry, this report will begin by summarizing the findings of the aforementioned Urban Analyses, then move into an outlining of our vision for the ULV and its guiding principles. We will then discuss the proposed development strategies for what we have identified as key opportunity sites, elaborating on this development framework in terms of access, urban structure, and the public realm individually. The report will close with recommendations for the funding and phasing of the proposed interventions. While we recognize that many, if not most, of our proposed interventions may never come to fruition, it is our hope, at least, that this Development Brief does ultimately offer some new ideas and a fresh perspective on the issue of developing the Upper Lee Valley.
2 CONTEXT
2.1
PHYSICAL & SOCIO ECONOMIC

are in a working age but have lower skills. Because the areas unemployment rate is high, the ULVs average income is quite low. The current ULV problem is that even if people have jobs, they are largely underpaid. Development strategy should firstly try to provide jobs for the existing working force that has little possibility of up-skilling, along with educational programs offering courses enabling leveling of the NVQs. This issue, on the other hand, can be tackled through creation of new commercial activities, like in Enfield Island Village or at the proposed Grow it! Station, that will provide jobs for the low skilled. When it comes to housing, ULV has a problem of overcrowding and low quality housing. However, it is still one of the cheapest boroughs of London, which may lead to pressure on housing for social renting (and also because demand is constantly increasing). There is a growing number of privately owned properties and, if one takes into consideration the low average of local income, this is even stronger proof that social housing should be more available. Council should identify and secure land for new social accommodation. ULV is not doing well in regards to health issues either. There is a high number of sick and disabled claimants for benefits, and overall childrens health is rather poor. Combined, these problems can lead to serious consequences in the economic market, because of the dilapidation of the workforce. Further development strategy should pay special attention to these issues, as they seem to affect all the human areas considered within the Development Brief. If the population continues to grow, an emphasis should be put on the health and educational services. Through the proposal of social nodes, as well as the new commercial activities, there is a strong suggestion of healthy lifestyle promotion that would be a long-term project focusing on cultivating food knowledge and promoting social activity on different scales.
The Upper Lee Valley is located in the borough of Enfield and in the Greater London Area. Currently, there are several development proposals for various sites along the area of the Valley. One of the projects already underway in Meridian Water, addresses the southern end of the site. Public use of open spaces along the valley are subject to questions about accessibility. Taking up a large part of the area, their uses are also to be questioned. Many of these spaces invite crime due to their uninviting environment. Other spaces, which should not be ignored, are the ones along the canals and industries. Due to the characteristic of these areas, there are social gaps of exclusion, creating a sense of uncertainty and insecurity. In order to revitalize these areas, commercial uses must be applied to specific sites to act as a catalyst for growth for the Upper Lee Valley. The Upper Lee Valleys general socio-economic status is below Londons average. ULVs eastern side suffers from a greater rate of inequality and deprivation. Further development strategies should address these issues on the spatial level. This section will briefly describe ULVs socio-economic situation linking it to the possible solutions addressed through the whole development brief. When it comes to the education level in the area, a high number of ULVs inhabitants have little to no educational qualifications. Fortunately, it seems that the young generation is catching up with Londons average, indicating a significant potential in the upskilling process needed for further development of ULV. What is needed for further development of this area is the up-skilling of the local labour force by: better and more accessible education leading to an increase of essential NVQs and creating possibility of employment; the creation of the social nodes that provide accessibility to libraries and community centres is an opportunity for community knowledgesharing and possibility of self-help; and finally, ULV should pay attention to providing jobs for those who
Headline policies that relate directly to the site include the following:
The Enfield Plan - Strategic Growth Areas Identifies the strategic growth areas of Meridian Water (Central Leeside) and Ponders End (North East Enfield) as opportunity areas, within Upper Lee Valley. It underlines that redevelopment focusing at Meridian Water will aid in improving east-west links to the Lee Valley Regional Park, by generating 1,500 new jobs which will in turn help to cross-fund improvements to transport and social infrastructure. At Ponders End, the Council aspires for a lively and well connected local centre with a good quality shopping centre, an attractive and safe public realm, new community hub, and up to 1,100 new homes and excellent leisure facilities, also including Ponders End Recreation Ground and the Lee Valley Regional Park. The most immediate change in aim is the replacement of level crossings at the rail stations with new bridges and/or underpasses.
London Plan Sets the objectives for the next 20 years, which are: To accommodate Londons growth within its boundaries without encroaching on open spaces; To make London a healthier and better city for people to live in; To make London a more prosperous city with strong and diverse long term economic growth; To promote social inclusion and to tackle deprivation and discrimination; To improve Londons accessibility; and To make the London an exemplary world city in mitigating and adapting to climate change and a more attractive, well designed and green city.
A Proposed Strategy for Community Economic Development in the Upper Lee Valley The aim of the strategy is to close the gap between the Upper Lee and the rest of London by tackling barriers to economic opportunity in those parts of the area suffering industrial decline, urban deprivation, low economic activity and social exclusion so that new sustainable opportunities are open to all people living and working in the Upper Lee. (Conceptual Solutions and Practice Ltd, 2002)
Summary of Enfields Transport Strategy Sets out how the Council proposes to help implement the Mayor of Londons Transport Strategy (MTS) within Enfield.
Upper Lee Valley Landscape Strategy The vision set out in this strategy aims to connect the valleys existing assets through the provision of: new foot- and cycle-paths across and along the valley, including new bridges, to fill the large gaps in the network; a set of public realm improvements for the main roads across the valley, with street trees and set back foot- and cycle-ways; new facilities complementing existing sporting and recreational offer; clusters of activity along the valley, conceived as multiple facilities for different age groups, supporting the valley as a local and regional destination for all interests and capabilities.
North East Enfield Area Action Plan Baseline Report Identifies North East Enfield as an area within Upper Lee Valley (an Opportunity Area in the London Plan) with great potential for regeneration and change.
2 CONTEXT
2.2
The Enfield Plan Core Strategy 2010-2025 The Core Strategy seeks to maintain the competitiveness of the Upper Lee Valley, to support and grow sectors and businesses that are already successful in Enfield. It also contains core policies for delivering the spatial vision, guiding patterns of development and support improvement of landscape quality and access to the countryside and improve public access for the local communities to the Lee Valley Regional Park. New development at Ponders End is intended to create: up to 1,000 new homes up to 2026; an attractive public realm to promote community safety and better street environment along Hertford Road and South Street; good links to public transport and leisure facilities to Ponders End Recreation Ground. New development at Meridian Water is intended to comprise: mixed-use of 80% of the area for residential, retail, community uses and open spaces; 20% of the area as revitalized employment uses; higher density development close to Angel Road station and in waterfront locations; a new spine running through the area, connecting all parts of Meridian Water, linking new and existing communities, the station and the Lee Valley Regional Park; improved connectivity, both north-south and eastwest; adequate flood risk management.
POLICY & PLANNING
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3 URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS
3.1
This chapter summarises the main points from the Urban Analysis of the Upper Lee Valley. While the socio economic aspects have already been described in the content the folowing sections address Urban Grain, Open Space, Massing and Density, Acces and Building Typologies
URBAN GRAIN
Looking at the Upper Lea Valley from an aerial perspective, we are misled from the actuality of the space. From above we are fooled to believe that there are many open spaces such as the reservoirs, the valley, and the park. However, on the ground it is another story. Many of these open spaces are in fact entirely inaccessible and many of the uses mapped out in a standard land use map are deceiving. Initially we mapped out the customary uses such as residential, commercial, and industrial, but after further analysis we found that other activities came to arise in places out of the norm. At the moment there is a large segregation between the uses. The residential, the commercial, and the industrial zones are clearly segregated by physical barriers. One major barrier would be the railway and Meridian way, one of the major roads in the Upper Lee Valley. Although these act as barriers they are also the strongest links to the city of London. There is a need to create stronger linkages on the west-east connections in order to bridge the gap between the Upper Lee Valley and Industrial Strip to the main land.
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3.2
Considering the great interest taken by the government and the Enfield Council along with the strong willingness of the local people, there is no doubt that the transformation of the area will be a smooth one. The primary objective should be regaining the trust of the people that was lost over the years. This mistrust is a result of the lack of involvement on behalf of the government. The latter can be achieved by taking small steps towards redevelopment. These small changes should facilitate unity in the community and form a better relationship with the governing bodies. The network between the governing bodies and the local people has to be maintained throughout the process, and even after it, in order to establish an adaptable and sustainable development program. There should also be an emphasis on the need for connections in the Upper Lee Valley. One of the primary challenges faced in the regeneration process is the integration of the uses, such as bringing the industrial strip and Lee Valley Park to the main land by keeping the identity of the area and having all round land use integration.
OPEN SPACE
It is apparent by the study that there are a variety of different open spaces within the Upper Lee Valley catchment area. However, accessibility remains an issue. Many spaces were lacking in variety of landscaped design, and so tended to look more or less the same in regards to the provision of large area of grass. There appears to be a lack of creativity in the design of these spaces. The level of disconnection between the various areas contributes to the lack of identity of the Upper Lee Valley open spaces in general. There are vast areas of industrial estates, which limit the scope of unifying the Upper Lee Valley with the lower regions. Connectivity is an issue as certain residential areas seem to be isolated from other neighborhoods notably the Enfield Island Village which is surrounded by either canals, railway or road networks on all sides. There is a need for investment in the local parks and further work must be carried out to increase connectivity between the spaces as well as ensuring that the community of Upper Lee Valley is socially included in future plans.
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3.3
MASSING & DENSITY

in terms of roads and parking. Of an equal concern to the way in which the road system dominates the area, and presence of wide street canyons, is the high proportion of space given over to car parking. When considering the long term future for the site, the strategic planning context appears too ambitious in its plans for how the built environment will contribute to the socio-economic development of the Upper Lee Valley site. However, it must be stressed that for there to be an overall positive development in the areas built environment there needs to be a recognition of the importance of improving the quality of the already existing urban residential built environment which is spatially disjointed from the sites of future development. This picture is exacerbated as although the current built form is of a relatively low density, the current massing and density of the buildings are not particularly flexible, making it difficult for them to be densified or integrated with the new developments. The primary focus of the redevelopment should be on the identity urban realm. This should be achieved through measures including encouraging better use of dead space (that are prone to crime) and the
Massing and density in the Upper Lee Valley takes a more complex form than an area normally characterized by a low-density sprawl of 1930s housing and large industrial units. Throughout the analysis it is apparent that this pattern of development has resulted in a generally poor quality of public realm with a highly inefficient use of space. Instead of possessing a clear hierarchy of public spaces, which distinguishes between gathering and connecting spaces, there are a lot of undefined or misused spaces. In pedestrian thoroughfares this manifests as spatial forms, which dont directly reflect the needs of the surrounding homes and businesses, such as needlessly wide pavements. Related to this undefined inefficient use of space the area is highly dominated by the automobile, both
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3.4
ACCESS
west connections, on the other hand, are seriously lacking, which indicates that the communities lying to the west of the train tracks may find it difficult to access the much lauded Lee Valley Park area. The park area itself, which is being promoted as a (potential) leisure destination for Londoners is well connected to central London by a series of canals and pedestrian/bicycle paths, however the Upper Lee Valley portion of the park does require significant public transit access.
A detailed analysis of access to the Upper Lee Valley revealed an area of diverse transport availability and pathways. In terms of public transport, the Upper Lee Valley suffers from a severe deficiency in direct linkages to central London, lacking tube access entirely. Patterns in public transport suggest that Upper Lee Valley residential communities can expect relatively good connections to Enfield town and Edmonton Green, rather than directly with central London. However, the area is well linked to Liverpool Street Station by rail service. Furthermore, these railway lines cut directly across the area creating obstacles for pedestrian and vehicular mobility. Perhaps because the railway line divides Upper Lee Valley into two, there seem to be strong north-south passageways, namely congested A-roads. East-
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3.5
BUILDING TYPOLOGY
train stations, since they may be used as centers for the public, as well as landmarks for orientation. Although the Upper Lee Valley has its own identity, monotony seems to be a problem and a challenge. Industrial typologies do not lend themselves well to mixed use. Through the use of urban design and mixed-use nodes, the connection between east and west (residential and industrial) could become more permeable.
Majority of the buildings within the area were identified as residential, concentrated in the north and western sides of the area. There is a clear division between residential and industrial uses in Upper Lee Valley. Residential Buildings can be categorized as Suburban, Garden City, Urban Terrace and Estate types. Analyzing the building typologies found in Upper Lee Valley, landmarks are defined by unfavorable buildings, such as high-rises found in Ponders End. A challenge would be creating landmarks though new developments while trying to avoid the imposed image of the existing high-rise buildings. An option might be regeneration of existing buildings as there are not many vacant lots available within the area. Another issue that must be taken into consideration is the community responsibility in maintaining the front yards. Low maintenance of these spaces would have a negative impact on the overall image of the residential areas and add to the uninviting characteristics of the area. Opening the pump station and the mills in Enfield Lock could be a way of enhancing their role as nodes. An emphasis should also be given to the
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3.6
SWOT SUMMARY
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Upper Lee Valley: Many Spaces. One place

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4 VISION & URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES
4.1
VISION
Upper Lee Valley is to become a network of interconnected destinations which transcend existing north-south barriers and draw on the existing identity of Upper Lee Valley as a place which is characterised by a juxtaposition of industry, green open spaces and waterscapes
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Principle No.1
Principle No.2
Principle No.3
Principle No.4
Principle No.5
Principle No.6
Principle No.7
Principle No.8
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4 VISION & URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES
4.2
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
No.7 Up-skilling of workforce by providing more educational possibilities and locally interesting learning followed by employment opportunities. Not only attracting new workforce, but also creating a motivational and practical platform for local people to stay and thrive in the area. Capitalize on existing productivity though moving towards a greener economic base enriched with social enterprise and visitor economy. No.8 All proposed spatial interventions should be a catalyst for further improvement of both physical and social spectrum.
No. 1 Improve east-to-west connections and establish permeability across the five distinctive ribbons (waterways, industry, rail, residential, commercial). No.2 Create new mixed-use destinations that will work as social pockets of frequent commercial, recreational and educational use, as well as offer opportunities for employment. No.3 These social pockets will span over the five ribbons in order to counterbalance the existing vertical segregation. By reducing distances between destinations and improving connectivity we aim to stimulate activity within the public realm. No.4 Build on the existing vertical axes and strengthen them by creating productive green corridors. By integrating the horizontal social pockets this hybrid landscape will function as a space of enhanced sociability. By combining productivity with leisure, sports with tourism, commercial activities with agriculture allotments nodes will be established. This distinctive character will create a specific sense of place along the Lee River. No.5 Celebrate the character and identity of Upper Lee Valleys heritage and the historic industrial sites along the waterway and capitalize on the existing diversity of its areas. No.6 Work towards the rebalancing of the current vehicular and pedestrian footprint and the incorporation of a network of low carbon modes of transportation.
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5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
5.1
FRAMEWORK FOR ULV
The framework translates the design principles into the physical context of the Upper Lee Valley. The approach seeks to take a holistic view in creating a cohesive urban strategy, which will in turn inform the access, urban structure and public realm strategies (see map). Interventions that will fulfil the principles include the creation or enhancement of social nodes (libraries and community centres, allotments, markets, landmarks, stations, industrial areas, green spaces, waterways). Together the social nodes will provides spaces for education and training, opportunities for food production, interaction with
connecting the London- Standsted corridor increasing permeability to the waterfront for cyclists and pedestrians railway stations railway tracks main vehicular movement slowed vehicular access new bus routes creating links across railway lines proposed activity zones proposed landmarks green zones productive landscapes or allotments potential sites for allotments key economic sites industrial zone proposed commercial zone proposed academic facilities libraries enhanced waterfronts 23
wildlife & water for physical activity and mental well-being, opportunities for employment and a range of other public services. Thus it is important to make them more legible, improve physical accessibility and to ensure all social groups can use and access them. The location of nodes are spread across the valley to knit together a fragmented landscape; to encourage east-west movement, reduce distances, and connect the 5 ribbons. This will enhance the sense of identity. Signage (including actual maps /signs and landmarks) at strategic locations will mark the way to key locations and social nodes and will help to create physical and mental linkages. There will be a focus non-car based transport provisions and a sensitive rebalancing of the Upper Lee Valleys streets for pedestrians and cyclists. This will be achieved through creating shared and hierarchical transport spaces including fast vehicular streams and more shared spaces. Other measures include new or improved Greenways, street lighting and street furniture, all of which improve street design and scope for social integration and cohesion. Roadside clutter will be cleared to create views and vistas, further enhancing the potential for a unified physical and mental spatial strategy. Historic elements and existing characters should be retained and complemented by any redevelopment. Social nodes will draw on what is already present and include existing strengths (eg markets will draw on the existing allotment culture), whilst retaining uses in productive areas (eg Brimsdown and Innova Park employment sites). Integrating the waterscape areas to the roads and walk ways will improve access to green space and waterscapes; this link with nature can improve health and wellbeing through providing potential for physical activity, exercise and leisure for local and regional communities.
Sustainability will be affirmed by advocating that wherever possible all development should meet either the Code for Sustainable Homes Level 4 or Building Research Environmental Establishment Method (BREEAM) Excellent. Buildings will be reused wherever possible, and using recycled materials should be a prime consideration for any new developments. Furthermore, the construction of any new buildings should be actively sympathetic to the relatively high risk of flooding in the Upper Lee Valley, for instance through incorporating permeable paving.
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5.2
CHARACTER AREAS
The framework will build on what is already present in the Upper Lee Valley and create links to unify the character areas rather than impose a new identity upon the area (see map). The Enfield Wash character area has been renamed as Ordnance Road as it is the key linkage that overcomes east-west barriers. It is the largest area and brings together Enfield Highway, Enfield Island Village, Enfield Lock, and Freezy Waters. It is a largely residential area with some spaces being more mixed use. Brimsdown is a key industrial site that provides employment opportunities and a site for potential job creation from diversification of industries and the development of green or low-carbon industries. Ponders End is a largely residential area. It has an active, caring and learning community (Enfield Council, 2009s). Picketts Lock is an important access node that links residential areas to the regional park and waterways. There is also potential for further developing sports and leisure facilities there. Central Leeside is an industrial and employment area that includes Meridian Water, a key site for redevelopment with proposed plans including new housing, new jobs and community spaces and services (Enfield Council, 2009b). The Lee Valley Regional Park runs along the east-side of the Upper Lee Valley; the green spaces and waterscapes act as a uniting feature of the area.
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5.3
KEY OPPORTUNITY SITES
Sites across the Upper Lee Valley have been identified as sites with potential for development or improvement. These include catalyst developments such as the redevelopment and expansion of stations and libraries, roads with potential for commercial developments, and sites for mixed used developments (Map X). The following sections will elaborate on the framework, strategies and opportunities for improvements in access, urban structure and the public realm in the Upper Lee Valley.
Legend :
1
Redevelopment of libraries with additional mixed use development (offices, caf, community/leisure spaces)
2
Redevelopments of stations with additional mixed use development (offices, caf, commerce)
3
Waterfront development with potential for housing, commercial, leisure and office space
4
Increasing access to and quality of green spaces
5
Create productive green spaces with caf/ restaurant (or other healthy living type developments)
6
Potential for mixed use and commercial developments along Hertford Road and Ordnance road 26
7
Potential for development medium scale mixed use development (including housing, commerce, office, leisure) on green space which is near schools and station and business park
8
Brimsdown: potential for development of new green or low-carbon industries and commercial development near residential edges
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Medium scale mixed use development on a stretch on South Street (which is near parking, a station, a school and other services)
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Creating allotments with potential for market/ commercial developments
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Improving public realm and connectivity with pedestrian and cycle access and opening up views
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Picketts Lock: potential for mixed use developments (particular for sports and leisure)
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Meridian Water: large scale mixed use redevelopment so potential for housing, commercial, and leisure developments as well as community services and spaces
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6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
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Streets and their sidewalks, the main public places of a city, are its most vital organs (Jacobs, 1961: 99)
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6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6.1 ACCESS
Structure initiatives. These three strategy areas are meant to be read together, and to provide entry points rather than self-sufficient action plans. Indeed, in many cases, such as proposed improvements to the train stations in the area, Access improvements are also Public Realm and Urban Structure improvements. 6.1.2 Access SWOT The following SWOT is highlighting the challenges and opportunities specific to urban structure.
6.1.1 Introduction In this section we propose ways in which this Reports Vision and Development Framework can be realised from the point of view of Access. Access improvements are basic to the Reports strategic aims of connecting and integrating the disparate parts of the ULV. After a brief discussion of the conceptual framework for our proposals in this introduction, the section will comprise an Access SWOT analysis, which forms the basis for an overarching Access Strategy, and detailed proposals for particular opportunity sites where Vision, Framework, Strategy and local conditions will work together. In our proposals, we have sought to conceive Access broadly, encompassing not only transport infrastructure and public transport, but also access from the social point of view. We have considered carefully the ways in which people use transport, and how transport interventions affect peoples lives. We also suggest that an important part of Access is the breaking down of invisible barriers. These include socio-economic barriers, for example, at the Athletics Track at Pickets Lock, which prices young people out, and barriers of perception, where people do not feel any sense of ownership over community assets such as the Conservations Areas at Enfield Lock and Ponders End Flour Mill. The opportunity areas investigated here are in no way meant to be an exhaustive list of the Access improvements necessary in the ULV. Rather, they are intended as key sites and exemplars within an overarching strategy. Whilst it is hoped that they will stimulate incremental but profound change in the area, they will not have this effect alone. Furthermore, whilst the Strategy and opportunity areas are proposed as Access initiatives, they have been devised alongside Public Realm and Urban
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STRENGTH
Diversity and variety of transport networks including proximity to M25. East to West access from Enfield Island Village to Hertford Road. Reclaimed river edges with clean public space with good accessibility to river front. Freight Quality Partnership (FQP) exists for Brimsdown business area The Enfield Lock station is suited in equal distance from each side resulting in better access to the social pockets. Ordnance Road is busy which indicates movement throughout the day. Ponders End station and its footbridge across Meridian Way provides a link from Ponders End to the Lee Valley Park. Long distance routes in Lee Valley Park connecting to London, The Lee Valley Park and its scenic waterways. Edges and Spaces along Ordnance road which have been left behind. An area of natural beauty, with unobtrusive leisure facilities such as restaurants and a marina. The 313 bus currently provides a public transport route to Waltham Forest, along the Lee Valley Road. Canal routes and riverside along the Ordnance road. Enfield Lock station on Ordnance road and the Library at the end of the road with walking path along the river edge on Island Village. Lee Valley Walk is one of Londons six strategic walking routes.
WEAKNESSES
Heavy vehicular traffic East-west and less suitable for pedestrian crossing. The railway dividing the East to West movement. Poorly maintained public spaces and edge conditions with no recreational spaces. No designated recreational spaces, for youth or elderly. The children are forced to play in the street Industrial areas bordering Lee Navigation restrict access to waterways and park. Streams fenced off and used as a place to dump rubbish. Social cohesion is threatened by walled and fortified space. Lack of bus routes cutting through the site. No bus link between al railway stations and limited transport for a good quality public realm. No pedestrian provision in areas despite surrounding natural landscape. Unproductive use of land with very little green space along Ordnance road. No sense of arrival from Enfield lock station. No cycling routes along Ordnance road with heavy vehicular movement. Railway dividing the road along East-west. At Wharf Road, it is particularly unclear how to reach the River Lee, Industrial boundaries and access through them.
OPPORTUNITIES
The East-West spine of Ordnance Road can became a major access route for better connectivity. Use the Enfield Lock station as a hub for these social pockets and improve identity of area. This station can also enhance the NorthSouth ribbon. Create nodes and cross cutting routes to enhance liveliness and restoring edge conditions on riverbeds. Establish public gathering spaces along the road (social pockets). Possible social pockets along the green way of walk created in Ponders End Waterfront. Establish development policy to maintain front yard character. I.e. create community programmes to establish front lawn urban farming projects. Upgrade Angel Road Station and surroundings to attract visitors to the area and enable a more fluid transition between spaces and transport links. A new green way stretching from Durants Park to Wharf Park encouraging movement throughout the area and being accessible from both the Ponders End and Waltham Forest sides of the river. A new bridge for pedestrians and cyclists, connecting the Navigation pub and restaurant and its green surroundings to East Duck Lees Lane, will form part of a new greenway, stretching from Durants Park to Wharf Park. Picketts Lock as an official stop over on the North to South route through Upper Lea Valley and a possible destination. Connecting the various allotments as networks of spaces promoting urban agriculture for potential social enterprise and educational projects. 34
THREATS
Lack of funding and risk of cuts. Unwilling residents, local businesses and agencies to participate in interventions. Potentially conflicting interests of businesses and residents. Large portion of the site covered by impermeable surfaces leading to high risk for flooding. Poor awareness of local amenities and facilities leading to lack of physical, social and economic accessibility. Litter around areas and pollution (air & noise). Landscape characterized by large impermeable parking lots, potentially leading to decrease in community cohesion and commuter worker population. May not be possible to replace level crossings with bridges due to land and cost issues. Isolation of areas such as Meridian Water and Enfield Island Village due to enveloping major transport routes and waterways. Growth may cause increase in traffic. Traffic calming measures in one location may cause increases in traffic in others.
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title of picture and scale
London, the great capital city and the United Kingdoms largest metropolis, has easily the worst public access to wilderness and parkland in the whole of the country (Farrell, 2010 485)
image from Gehl, J. Vision for People
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6.1.3 Access - Vision and Principles The vision for access in the Upper Lee Valley draws upon the overall strategic aims for the area as a whole, expanding upon the goals of creating a area with high levels of permeability, whether north to south or east to west, and channelling this through strategies to improve connectivity. A central tenet of the vision is the creation of green access corridors, complemented by public realm improvements. The construction of corridors will work alongside the areas existing strengths to expand their reach, whilst also augmenting the sense of legibility of the area. A series of interconnected nodes building will emerge, building on the idea of producing social and economic pockets in the initial vision. These will be linked by a network of green ribbons and the Lee waterside itself, permeating into the neighbouring residential and commercial areas. Moreover, The approach centres on not only opening up many of the real and imagined boundaries that dominate the valley, but inverting many of these boundaries into key tools for accessibility. Opening up the Valley and revealing all it has to offer is key, and as such this will be combined with targeted strategies to improve accessibility for residents, businesses and visitors. This will be not only in terms of providing a range of effective and efficient means to reach key destinations, but also by through enhancing equitability by expanding awareness of, and access to, all the community, leisure and employment opportunities which the Upper Lee Valley can provide.
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6.1.4 Access - framework
Access framework legend: key development sites making ULV a destination on the London-Stansted-Cambridge corridor strenghtening and creating green corridors enhanching the architecture and facilities at train stations to build a sense of arrival, enable them to act as East-West crossing points, and as landmarks in the mentalmap of ULV constructing corridors: increasing the permeability of the waterside for all transport users though particularly cyclists and pedestrians breaking down barriers: creating pedestrian links across railway lines/ Meridian way new bus routes- i.e. ULV1 running the length of the ULV
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Producing pockets Accessibility is critical in ensuring that any social pockets which are created benefit the whole area where journeys are relatively short or easy to navigate . Furthermore, by recognising that accessibility is contingent on having areas with a sense of place pockets become conduits which generate a sense of accessibility in an area. Furthermore, developing and enhancing pockets transforms the Upper Lee Valleys position in the London-Stansted Airport- Cambridge corridor from being a place of transit to a place of destination.
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HOW THE INTERVENTION IMPROVES THE ACCESS The valleys train stations can be transformed from non-places which hinder the flow of movement to key nodes in the areas physical and mental imagination. Upgrading station infrastructure to create a sense of arrival increases the sense of accessibility to people from outside the area. This strategy also creates landmarks which enables people to better navigate the area, and enhances permeability by creating memorable places where people can transect the railway line. Furthermore, enhanced train stations act as propagators to wider social and economic growth. There is the potential for a new station to be built at Picketts Lock, ensuring rail accessibility in an area with a long gap between stations. Economic growth for the Upper Lee Valley requires the development of spaces which are physically and socially accessible. For instance a new social enterprise node is imagined for a site on Nobel Road just north of Meridian Water. Alongside any transport and economic related enhancements there needs to be a corresponding provision of community nodes to ensure the development of a unified sense of identity of the Upper Lee Valley. This will ensure that many of the community facilities needed in the area are as physically accessible to as many individuals and communities as possible. Community nodes range from small scale interventions such as Upper Lee Valley branded noticeboards, new play spaces through to community centres and cafes.
PRINCIPLE ADDRESSED
STRATEGY/ INTERVENTION
Constructing corridors As the Upper Lee valley suffers from poor East-West and non-vehicular connections the framework envisages a strand of works around creating corridors that overcomes this situation.
1 3 6 8
Turning barriers into corridors through improving the number of non-vehicular crossings, such as footbridges, across many of the key transport corridors such as Meridian way and the railway line. This is critical to improving the physical East-West access across the Upper Lee valley. It will also contribute to creating a unified mental map of the valley. Constructing greenways or unified non-vehicular routes across the valley will enhance local level accessibility. These routes will be to local level amenities such as shops and community facillities but also to the Upper Lea Valleys unique resources such as the waterside ribbon and regional facilities like Pickets Lock. The creation of the greenways will involve a corresponding improvement in the quality of the natural environment that they run through. The enhanced physical corridors will be supported by a coherent network of signage that will create a unified mental map of the Upper Lee valley for all groups. The signage will achieve this through drawing new routes across the valleys transport infrastructure. Through providing a coherent branding it will also help to create a unified identity for the Upper Lee Valley. Utilising waterways. The canal has the potential to be put back into commercial use, transporting goods to and from the successful Innova and Brimsdown Business Parks.
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Developing the East-West and North South bus network to improve PTAL scores and improve intra Upper Lee Valley accessibility. . For example the proposed ULV 1 running the from Tottenham Hale to Pickets Lock along Meridian Way. Ensuring cycling provision is developed where appropriate i.e. Lee Valley Road is a suitable site for a cycle lane.
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Enhancing Equitability Just as important to providing new and enhanced nodes and connections is the need to ensure that accessibility is equitable for all individuals and communities who live, work and play in the Upper Lee Valley. To create social pockets it is important to consider the diverse array of user groups that would wish to access them or would benefit from having access to them. Accordingly social access is of equal importance to physical access of sites. This will increase a sense of ownership and identity over the whole Upper Lee Valley.
2 3 5 6 7 8
A social access strategy has many aspects including Institutions communicate their activities to all individuals and communities who could benefit from their work. Ensuring accessibility is not limited to vehicular transport i.e. Ensuring that there is appropriate public and pedestrian transport provision to various places and resources i.e. Improving the Ensuring that public realm has the appropriate facillities to ensure access for a wide range of user groups i.e. seating provision for those less able to walk. Transport corridors need to take a more pro-active stance in managing the balance between shared and hierarchical transportation spaces. The framework cannot nor does not wish to eliminate the role of vehicular traffic in the valley. However, it does want to ensure that all transport corridors are appropriately classified as either hierarchical spaces, which enable faster vehicular movement, and shared spaces which foster a more multi-modal transportation pattern. At present the balance is wholly skewed towards vehicular transport corridors with little or no provision of shared spaces. Accordingly the framework seeks to introduce shared space corridors along quieter road routes which run between key locations in the valley.
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HOW THE INTERVENTION IMPROVES ACCESS
PRINCIPLE ADDRESSED
Enfield Lock and Ordnance Road The area has great potential to become a place with a sense of communal ownership and strong connectivity, linking natural and heritage environments in the east to Enfield Lock Railway Station and residential neighborhoods further west. This will be achieved by creating new connectivity corridors, opening up natural spaces, and creating a node centered around the railway station.
Ponders End Through the creation of green corridors and a network of linked spaces, we aim to bring out the potential of Ponders End, better connecting the area to the rest of the Upper Lee Valley, as well as improving accessibility for residents, local businesses, and visitors to Ponders End and its Lee Navigation waterfront.
5
Picketts Lock An outstanding local and regional sports and leisure node will emerge, focusing on the areas existing strengths, integrating them further, and creating a real sense of destination, potentially driven by the creation of a new railway station at the site.
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Meridian Water Creating a permeable network of high quality spaces which are accessible to all users of the area, giving the area a greater sense of identity, as well as linking it to other areas of the Upper Lee Valley. New cross cutting routes will integrate the areas facilities and amenities.
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6.1.5 Access - opportunity sites
Isolated residential, commercial or industrial areas to be made permeable through connections to miced-use social pockets
2 3 4 3 3 5
Permable corridors from east to west
3 4
Routes through the reservoirs to enable East to West links
Consider the reservoirs as assets of the Upper Lee Valley by making them more accessible
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6 7 8
Permability from East to West with access to the canals
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Green corridor & spatial connectors Axial connections Improved green spaces station node Connecting spaces
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6.1.6 Ordonance Road and Enfield Lock Overview As also demonstrated in the Public Realm and Urban Structure sections, this area has great potential for enhancement. The area has three key nodal areas: Enfield Lock Train Station, the Enfield Lock Conservation Area and the junction between Hertford Road and Ordnance Road. In this section we will concentrate on the first two of these. We have identified several key interventions in the area, consistent with the Vision and Framework of the Report. 1. West-East Connectivity Corridor Our proposal is to improve West-East Connectivity in the area, particularly between Enfield Lock Train Station and the Conservation Area but not only there. The proposed green corridors (see Public Realm Section) will improve overall permeability, particularly between the Conservation Area, residential areas to its West and Enfield Island Village to the East. They will also open up the Conservation Area and scenic walking route along the Lee Navigation to locals. These measures are designed to complement proposals to improve Enfield Lock Station and the Lee Navigation Walk, and open up the Pump House (see next sections). They will also work in tandem with proposed Public Realm and Urban Structure improvements, such as improving the character of Ordnance Road (see xxx), and opening commercial facilities in the car park adjacent to The Rifles (see Public Realm). This connectivity problem is most pressing for pedestrians and cyclists, and is less severe for road transport, given that Ordnance Road provides a link for cars, and the 121 bus runs along it from Enfield Island Village. The main concern to connect the Train Station to the Conservation Area SouthEast of it in a way that is more direct, and obviating the need to make the unpleasant crossing at the junction of Ordnance Road and Mollison Avenue (a
footbridge is already in place, but needs renovation) and arriving right at the heart of the most pleasant part of the Conservation Area. The route is also intended to counteract the predominant N S and E W linearity of the access routes in the area. 2. Enfield Lock Train Station Enfield Lock Station shares the problems seen at other stations in the ULV. There is little sense of arrival, and visitors are left disorientated with respect to major areas of interest. This is exacerbated through poor signage and poor legibility to the urban fabric. We propose that architecturally striking station infrastructure be built at the station so that it can serve these purposes (see image, left). An important part of the improvements will also include better shelter on the platforms and more comfortable and spacious waiting rooms, to give the station a more welcoming and humane feel. These improvements may be simple and need not be excessively expensive. Although in some respects it may be desirable to increase train frequency along the line passing through this station and the Eastern ULV from Liverpool Street, since there are only two an hour at present, this is constrained by the level crossings for cars at the station. It may be possible to build a bridge or underpass for cars to remove this constraint, but this would be very expensive. Furthermore, by opening up the road to cars, resulting congestion may undermine our proposal to make Ordnance Road more attractive to pedestrians (see Public Realm section). Another important improvement for the station will accrue through the ULV signage initiative, which will help to guide visitors and locals on their journey from the station. Key points for a detailed area map at the station will include directions to Enfield Island Village, the Conservation Area and Walking Route via the proposed path (see above), directions to Herford Road and the New Piazza and Community Monument at the end of Ordnance Road (section xxx). Information about local public transport will
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also be very important, and will inform people about how to get to places in the wider region and what they might expect to find there. This might include, for example, taking the 121 bus to Turkey Street, which connects to key local destinations like Enfield Town, or taking the train South to the new community improvements proposed at Ponders End and Picketts Lock. 3. Lee Valley Walk One of the key access routes connecting this opportunity area with the rest of the ULV and with Central London is the Lee Valley Walk, which is one of Londons six strategic walking routes. The route is also used by cyclists. In this area, the route passes along the Lee Navigation to the West of the reservoirs, through the Conservation Area past Enfield Lock, and up towards the open space at Rammey Marsh. To the South, it connects the ULV with the Lower Lee Valley and the Olympic developments, and to the Thames at the Limehouse Basin, whilst it reaches as far as Herford and Leagrave to the North. As such, it is a key corridor in the ULV. The basic infrastructure of the path is in place, but it seems somewhat neglected in this area (and along the length of the ULV also). In this area, the path needs to be more clearly delineated along the Lea Navigation just North of Enfield Lock particularly, where it is indistinct and scruffy. This is a key scenic stretch with views towards the picturesque cottages of Government Row. The accentuation of the path would emphasise the importance of these views. This could be achieved through the laying of new paving materials and the maintenance of a clear verge, in addition to signage improvements. Also, south of the Lock and towards the Swan and Pike Pool the provision of public amenities such as benches and picnic facilities would emphasise the area as a social pocket rather than somewhere to pass through, for locals and visitors alike this would encourage local use of the area, and in turn foster a sense of community ownership and identity. 4. Opening the Pump Station to the Public
The beautiful Pumping Station on the northern edge of the Reservoir is currently inaccessible to the public. It was built in the Edwardian Baroque style, opened in 1913, and is now Grade II Listed. Apart from its aesthetic appeal, the building has an important industrial heritage, since it housed the first installed Humphrey Pumps (English Heritage Listing Notes 1989). Although the Station is still operational, much of the building is not in use, and three of the five original pumps are still in place. We propose that the site be opened to the public and included with the green space surrounding it into the Enfield Lock Conservation Area. This would present an ideal opportunity to promote public awareness of the ULVs industrial heritage, as well as providing a pleasant public space and destination.
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Connecting routes Green corridor East to West connection road widening Station node Connecting spaces
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6.1.7 Ponders End At Ponders End, the principles of the access framework will be embedded further. Through the creation of green corridors and a network of linked spaces, we aim to bring out the potential of Ponders End, better connecting the area to the rest of the Upper Lee Valley, as well as widening access to the areas facilities and amenities such as the Lee Valley Park. A connection from Ponders End to the Lee Valley Park already exists, via Ponders End station and its footbridge across Meridian Way although at present, the potential of this space has not been fully drawn out. Through improved signage, and upgrades to the station itself, incorporating the footbridge into a pedestrian and cycle route, local residents will be encouraged to visit the Park, as well as enticing those passing through by train to explore the area. At the junction of Wharf Road
and Meridian Way in particular, it is unclear how to access the waterside improved signage here will be a key part of the route, replacing feelings of unease with a welcoming atmosphere and greater sense of legibility. An additional intervention is planned along the Lee Valley Road (A110) by moving the reservoir barriers which currently line the road back slightly, the increased space would make it possible to provide a dedicated cycle route, offering greater possibilities for cycle access to Waltham Forest. The new route would complement the public transport route to Waltham Forest currently provided by the 313 bus route. Public realm improvements to the barriers would also encourage greater cycle and pedestrian access. The development of green corridors throughout the Upper Lee Valley is a key part of the strategy for the region as a whole. At Ponders End, a new bridge for pedestrians and cyclists, connecting the Navigation pub and restaurant and its pleasant surroundings to East Duck Lees Lane, will form part of a new greenway. The route will stretch from Durants Park to Wharf Park, encouraging movement throughout the area and being accessible from both the Ponders End and Waltham Forest sides of the river.
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Improved networks & routes Heartford road connection East to West connection Nodes of interventions
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6.1.8 Picketts Lock Picketts Lock is a key location in the Upper Lee Valley, and central to the access vision for the Valley. This strategy is informed by existing policy reports (North London Strategic Vision, 2006) which seek to really develop Picketts Lock as a leisure node for local and regional communities. The existing facilities at the site are one of its greatest strengths, and focusing on these facilities and improving accessibility for the local and wider communities will be essential to the goal of creating an outstanding local and regional sports and leisure node. Improved awareness amongst residents of the area, spreading the word that amenities such as the largest indoor and outdoor athletics centre in London and the South East, a 12 screen cinema and restaurants, a nationally recognised long distance walking route and a camping site are present on their doorstep, will link with improvements to public transport, pedestrian and cycle access. These facilities will be better integrated with one another through cohesive signage and improved visibility, achieved by, for example, lowering hedgerows and removing barrier fences between facilities. In doing so, a central node for Picketts Lock will be created, giving the area its own sense of identity whilst also integrating it further with other areas of the Upper Lee Valley. This increased sense of visibility and permeability will also be applied to the riverfront areas, a further destination space which will benefit from high quality design as well as the addition of a community cafe. The present accessibility situation is a key factor in the lack of knowledge of Picketts Lock and all it can offer, and so offering a range of quick and efficent ways of reaching the site is vital. A potential new railway station at Picketts Lock could act as a flagship catalyst of development, alongside the creation of a new bus route, ULV1, linking to Meridian Water and Tottenham Hale in the south and to Enfield Lock in the north. 51
As well as this north to south connection, east to west access from the waterside through to residential areas will also be augmented, via improvements to footpaths and cycle facilities on routes such as Picketts Lock Lane, allowing it to act as a shared space for all forms of transport, as opposed to the current dominance of the car. Furthermore, the space at the end of the lane by the actual Picketts Lock could potentially become a new community node with a cafe and community space. This would provide a community resource in an area with high natural and aesthetic values. The impermeability of the railway line and Meridian Way (A1055) will be broken down with the creation of new footbridges and underpasses, allowing the formation of a green corridor from east to west.
Cross-cutting route Public transport networks Improved waterways and green corridors Prposed social pockets Sites of proposed Meridian Water development
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6.1.9 Meridian Water Effective implementation of the accessibility principles will be key to the success of the planned large scale developments at Meridian Water. Specific interventions, focused on creating a permeable network of high quality spaces which are accessible by all users of the area, will support this aim. The upgrading of Angel Road station, tying in with similar projects at other stations along the West Anglia Main Line, e.g. Ponders End, will help residents and visitors to feel a real sense of arrival an important part of giving the area a greater sense of identity, as well as linking it to other areas of the Upper Lee Valley. Extensions to bus routes serving the area will also assist in creating a more fluid transition between Meridian Waters spaces and public transport links. A new bus route, the ULV1, will connect the area to the wider Valley, linking to Picketts Lock and Enfield Lock to the north and Tottenham Hale to the south. Cross cutting routes through Meridian Water will make the area more walkable for pedestrians and ensure that facilities can be used and enjoyed
by all whether car driver, cyclist or pedestrian. These new routes will integrate together the areas strengths, such as the waterside location and the proposed social enterprise zone just north of Angel Road station, encouraging growth of businesses and jobs for local residents. Public realm improvements to the canalside pathways will promote the waterways, and improved signage, assisting people to read their way into the area, will be a further way of unifying the Upper Lee Valley, whilst also allowing the people of Meridian Water to enjoy their local area and make it a place in which they are proud to live and work.
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The key to the relevance of this eco-region is that is it not about utopian new buildings but about retrofit and improving on what is already there (Farrell, 2010 483).
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6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6.2 URBAN STRUCTURE
6.2.2 Urban Structure SWOT The following SWOT is highlighting the challenges and opportunities specific to urban structure.
6.2.1 Introduction Urban Structure is the fundamental element of a town or a city that connects the public and private realm through a mixed land use policy, a combination of networks of buildings, streets, and public and private open spaces. This promotes integration of communities, commercial viability, and environmental harmony, thus increasing the sense of the place. We have seen throughout the Upper Lee Valley that a harmonization of the urban structure is lacking. There is a distinct absence of connectivity between the industry, green parks and open spaces, the commercial, and residential areas that comprise the essential make up of its identity. Therefore it is of the utmost importance that the urban structure of Upper Lee Valley is refigured to connect its many spaces and create one cohesive place.
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STRENGTH
Existing commercial activity along main roads. Many green open spaces. Strong industry. Area draws tourism from Europe and other regions of the UK. A high volume of through traffic. Enfield Lock Conservation area is ideally located on the North-South corridor with access to from east to west. Conservation areas such as The Enfield Lock and Ponders End Flour Mill Conservation Areas are visually pleasing as well as providing a historical backdrop. Waterfront areas along the River Lea and Lea Navigation, and the waterfront in Ponders End and Brimsdown are an important feature in an urban area such as this.
WEAKNESSES
Large distances between destinations of interest. Segregation of zones and uses. Lack of pereability and legibility. Strong division between industry, green spaces and waterfront through existing infrastructure. Lack of mixed use space. Lack of east-west permeability. Lack of signage. There is little sense of arrival; disorientating. Low sense of interest in that people are not drawn to the area. Along many of the main thoroughfares such as Hertford Road and Ordnance Road, and even in the Conservation Areas, there is little reason for a person to stay. Divisions caused by the North -South transport corridors cause pockets of development that are separated from one another.
OPPORTUNITIES
Commercial activity at Hertford Road and Ordinance Road can be increased by attracting more visitors and encouraging them to remain. Potential to make areas more pedestrian friendly by traffic slowing measures and improving the street furniture to encourage users to remain. Reduce car dependency. Enhance east west connectivity by creating destinations/social pockets at regular intervals lesser distances between them. Providing landmarks as points of interest and orientation. Car parks are open spaces which can be transformed into multi-use spaces. Potential to develop canal and waterfront areas for tourism and social pockets. Multiple green open spaces which can be integrated. Promote tourism to increase and sustain commercial activity. Employment opportunities can be increased. The creation of buildings of mixed use but clear definition, particularly in nodal areas and along important roads, will make the streets more vibrant and the area more inviting. This is beneficial for locals and visitors alike. Conservation Areas can be highlighted, through integration with other notable buildings and spaces to create a network of significant places.
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THREATS
Gentrification can occur through development. Pedestrianisation may lead to dead spaces, only used at certain times of the day/week. Complete change of identity if changes are not carried out in line with character of ULV. Important to ensure involvement of community along each phase of development to create a sense of ownership and attachment to place. If insufficient economic activity occurs there is a danger of the place becoming somewhere do not fully engage with. This would be reflected in neglect of the built environment. Over-development of the waterfront in Ponders End may alter the character of the area in a negative fashion.
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6.2.3 Urban Structure - Vision and Principles Vision: Our vision for Upper Lee Valley is to increase connectivity between the private and public realm. Our proposed interventions are aimed to address permeability and legibility by creating landmarks and public community nodes to connect destinations or social pockets through a series of pedestrian corridors, increasing security and pedestrianization in the ULV area. It is vital to increase mixed land-use throughout the area in order to establish a balance between residential and commercial activity, thereby increasing the proficiency of community involvement. The interventions are designed to enhance and reflect the identity of the ULV area and convey its unique culture into its structural appearance, making ULV public nodes more appealing locations for people to interact. Principles: 1. Improve connectivity between public and private spaces, reducing the spatial distance between social pockets. These spaces should be close in proximity to each other, promoting pedestrian corridors and decreasing car dependency. 2. Create mixed land use areas to increase public activity, including commercial, industrial, and institutional activities. 3. Integrating nature and green open spaces within the urban structure; adding more vegetation in pedestrian walkways. 4. Building structures are to reflect the areas diverse community cultures. 5. Create various landmarks and community nodes, which could act as market places, a unique structure, or an open park, and adding benches to invite people to remain in the area. 6. Landmarks to be used as reference points, thereby strengthening legibility and way-finding. 7. Integrating waterways and creating points of interest along the canal for leisure and commercial purposes.
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Legend for frameworkmap: Community nodes academic commercial green zones industrial landmarks activity zones railway station 62
6.2.4 Urban Structure - framework
Make nodal points more legible at important junctions of the five ribbons
1 2
It will enable a smooth and legible transition between the diverse land uses; thus integrating them into a comprehensive urban fabric.
Create landmarks at strategic locations
2 3 5
Enables orientation and way finding Creates hierarchy of spaces Emphasizes key locations
Introduction of street market with extended spill out space catalytic intervention
2 5 7 8
Will enhance the quality of urban space and creates an overall character to the urban grain.
Restructuring of roads to allow good views and vistas.
2 5 8
Good vistas aligned with built form enable a good sense of directions and also creates a favourable image in the memory.
riverfront upgradingIntegrate the waterways to roads and walkways STRATEGY/ INTERVENTION PRINCIPLE ADDRESSED
1 2 5 8
Will enhance the sense of identity and sense of movement through the area
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HOW THE INTERVENTION IMPROVES THE PUBLIC REALM
Both Ordnance Road and Hertford Road have existing commercial activity in the form of small businesses in place along them which have potential for improvement.
1
A Community Hub is proposed at the Enfield Lock site which will contain a health centre and community facilities, creating a focal point at which local people can congregate and from which a sense of community can grow
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At Brimsdown station which is close to work places, parks and water front, Create high density housing community, car parking building and mixuse commercial area linking new water front communty with the park and low-density area.
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South part of Brimsdown will turn in to mix-use commercial areas that will bring new kind of bussiness and indust ries into this part of enfield and also become shopping center that located between park and residential area.
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In the future, the land use on this street could become a mix use area by implementing the commercial use and public facilities to connect the west and east side.
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Boat facility will be created for people who use the reservoir and the canal. This will creat new activity, provide new jobs and link the reservoir to the communiy.
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6.2.5 Urban Structure - opportunity sites
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6.2.6 Ordonance Road & Hertford Road The Ordnance Road, Hertford Road and Enfield Lock Station areas are chosen as specific sites for intervention due to the high potential for creating and linking social pockets with the wider Upper Lea Valley. Both Ordnance Road and Hertford Road have existing commercial activity (in the form of small businesses) in place along them, but also have potential for improvement in this respect. The area also benefits from a direct link to Enfield Lock Railway Station, which makes access for users outside of the immediate area simple and effective increasing the sense of walkability by establishing a visual focal point that guides people throughout the length of the road.
commercial activity on the high streets which in turn is beneficial to the area and may lead to further employment possibilities for local residents. The creation of a pedestrian and cyclist corridor will be established along Ordnance Road linking the Hertford Road to Enfield lock station and from the station to Enfield Island Village, establishing the east-west connection, the proposed Community Hub will act as a social pocket along this corridor further increasing permeability. This intervention will lead people through from the Railway station eastwards into the commercial or westwards into the residential areas. Market stalls will encourage residents to interact through buying and selling local produce creating a sense of vibrancy on the street level at Ordinance Road. Local shops, specific to ULV, will have the option of extending their business hours as people remain on the streets, which will allow for future commercial expansion. The overall desired effect is to encourage local users to walk and reduce dependency on cars, thus reducing environmental degrading impacts and improving air quality in the ULV.
The main characteristics of the proposed interventions are as follows: The physical design of the interventions will reflect the existing character of the area so as to ensure the residents are not made to feel alien to their surroundings, as well as increase their sense of identity. This will make them feel and proud to be residents of Enfield Lock. By widening the pavements on Hertford Road and Ordnance Road, the users will be more inclined to walk to their destination rather than drive and will be encouraged to remain and use the space by placing additional street furniture such as benches. Flora and Fauna will line the streets to improve the quality and aesthetics of the place to further encourage use. Improving the general quality of the pavements, where a simple repaving visually enhances the quality of the street making it more inviting for locals and outsiders to use. 67 Increasing the pedestrian traffic will also add to the
train station transform to mixuse improve street canyon link opportunity site green area land mark campsite
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6.2.7 Enfield Lock Community Hub In line with our principles addressing connectivity, permeability, land use and nature a Community Hub is proposed at the Enfield Lock site, which will contain a health centre and community facilities, in order to create a flexible, mixed use focal point at which local people can congregate and from which a sense of community may grow. It will act as a community node and a recognisable landmark to the area. Due to its location and as part of our overall strategy for creating a pedestrian/ cyclist corridor this will create linkage between the hub and the railway station as well as residential areas. The community facilities will include meeting rooms for community action and for businesses to hold training sessions for their staff. A small business network can be established linking all the businesses in the area together and providing a more focused future for commercial growth.
The rooms can also be rented out for outside users who will be drawn to the area for its green surroundings and proximity to the canal side. The site is well located for a high level of convenience for rail users and people travelling from north, south, east and west alike along the major arteries of the UK such as the M1 and M25.
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6.2.8 Ponders End & Picketts Lock As a substantial local center in North East Enfield, Ponders End is in need of improvement and investment due to it arguably unattractive character, low density, and poor quality buildings, as well as the poor connection to the reservoir and the poor land-use in the area. Thus, we have concluded that Ponders End might be improved with three main interventions: the establishment of landmarks and nodes, the improvement of corridors, and linkage with future development areas. Landmarks and Nodes We have identified Ponders End Station and a local flourmill as potential points for landmark and/or node establishment. The first intervention is to promote the mill as a landmark by creating a boat facility at the canal and a park that situates the mill at the foreground and the reservoir in the background; in this sense the mill will act as a gateway to the reservoir and hopefully enhance the boat activity in the canal. Secondly, the Ponders End railway station can be transformed through the promotion of commercial use, thereby creating new jobs, and the improvement of the bridge in order to enhance the connection of the both sides. At Picketts Lock, another facility can be created for people who use the reservoir and the canal. By establishing a new rail station at the intersection of Meridian Way and Picketts Lock Lane, the resident area could be connected with the local athletic center, campsite, and the reservoir. Moreover, the lock will also continue as a facility for boat users, linking the area with the proposed Flourmill Park. Corridors We have determined that the street canyons of Nagas Head Road and South Road could be improved. For example, the encouragement for residents to improve their own front-yards condition might offer a suitable short-term plan. Further into the future, this street could become a mixed landuse area by implementing commercial usage and
public facilities to connect the west and east side. On Hertford Road, especially as a main street, it is necessary to improve the pathway, building more aesthetically pleasing facades and planting more trees, so as to make it more pedestrian friendly. Linkage with Future Development Areas Both the aforementioned intervention areas should be liked with the three opportunity areas that Enfield Council has identified for new development. The first opportunity area is for a new community hub around the former Middlesex University site, Queensway employment area, and neighbourhood around Tesco. This site is to be changed in favour of social life and activity through increased shopping, civic participation and potential employment uses, as well as providing a choice of new homes. There will be an integration of new routes and connections with this area, ensuring that the benefits are shared by all and creating a safe, harmonious and attractive centre, which can be enjoyed by all (Enfield Council, 2009). The second one refers to a mixed-use residential area. Columbia Wharf and the southern part of the Brimsdown employment area to the south of Duck Lees Lane is proposed for a mixed residential community with creation of recreation uses enjoyed by residents and visitors. At the same time, it is aimed to upgrade employment offerings in Southern Brimdown. (ibid.) The third opportunity area is for academic and community use. Next to Ponders End railway station, the vacant British Gas site on South Street and Council owned land adjacent to this has been identified for a new Academy, a type of secondary public school. There are also some necessary considerations about industrial uses, and associated traffic, at the Redburn Estate. (ibid.) With the new nodes and landmarks, the three areas will be linked and create a new centera walkable zone that combines open space, public facility, commercial area and residential area together, while acting as a gateway to eastern Enfiled.
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Corridors Improving the street canyon of Nagas Head Road and South Road. For example, encourage residents to improve their own frontyards condition as a short-term plan. And in the future, the land use on this street could become a mix use area by implmenting the commercial use and public facilities to connect the west and east side. On Hertford Road (The main treet), Improving the pathway, building facade and adding more trees, making it more walking friendly. train station transform to mixuse improve street canyon link opportunity site green area land mark campsite
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Landmark and nodes Promoting the Landmark by reating Boat facilities at the canal and a park that has a Mill as a foreground and reservoir as a background, which will act like a gateway to the reservoir and enhancing the boat activity on the canal. Transforming the Ponders end railway station by adding commercial use, which will create new jobs and improve the bridge to enhance the connection of both sides. Plcketts Lock - Create a facility for people who use the reservoir and the canal. With a new rail station to be established at the cross of Meridian Way and Picketts Lock Lane, the resident area will be connected with the Athletic park, camping site and reservoir. Moreover the Lock will provide a facility for boat users, linking to other facility at the Flour Mill park.
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6.2.9 Brimsdown Brimsdown station is a very vibrant area due to its proximity to places of work, parks and waterfront. In this area we propose a series of high density housing communities set amongst green open landscapes to accommodate locals and potential new residents. The residential area is close to new business zone by the waterfront that could serve the population residing or commuters to the area. We acknowledge ULV is reliant on vehicular transportation, therefore we propose multi-story car parks on site, where local residents can store their vehicles. The car park can also serve as a visitor parking for people to use when accessing commercial streets, allowing commuters to travel and visit the ULV commercial and leisure sites whilst reducing congestion in the area for a healthier environment.
In summary linkages between those sites, highdensity residential and low-density leisure and social pockets, will be established creating a general public well-being and sense of place, where residential communities are closely connected to commercial, public green space, and industrial zones.
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train station transform to mixuse improve street canyon link opportunity site green area land mark campsite
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6.2.10 Rammey Greenhouse The notion of integrating greenhouses, within the ULV, arose from the existing allotments. Picketts Lock, Ponders End, Brimsdown, Enfield Lock and Rammey Marsh potentially are areas where greenhouses can be erected as freestanding structures, next to existing allotments, or even as replacement structures for said allotments, in the future. From the sites identified, Rammey Marsh is an example of a specific site that can benefit the most from this intervention. Here the Rammey Marsh Greenhouse can serve as a motivator for people to travel further up north of Enfield Lock and Enfield Island Village. This and the other proposed locations have the advantage of being interconnected by existing access links, which are part of the Lee Valley Walk, along the River Lee Navigation meaning it can be accessible on foot, by bicycle or by boat. With this said, the greenhouses can be a venue where everyone, including the elderly, disabled people and especially, students can learn scientific procedures with plant growing projects all year long, as well as build environmental awareness. Alternatively, it can be used for hydroponics, as an aviary or beneficial bug barn. Functioning as a magnet, it enhances the economy of the area by attracting a large number of visitors thus generating employment opportunities for the community which can grow and sell tropical/exotic plants, previously impossible to grow in the bare allotments.
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It is critical to make all of London more liveable, healthier and greener, and less polluted, as this is the surest way to stop mindless expansion of the metropolis, with its resultant trashing of landscape and the creation of unsustainable commuter communities. The surest way to conserve nature, landscape, agriculture, and rural communities is to improve the quality of [sub] urban life itself to make is lifestyle offer completely irresistible( Farrell, 2010 487).
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6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK PUBLIC REALM

6.3 PUBLIC REALM
6.3.2 Public realm SWOT The following SWOT outlines the opportunities and challenges specific to public realm.
6.3.1 Introduction The public realm is not merely the public space in which people of a community interact and circulate; it is the space in which communities are brought together and it is the platform on which a sense of local identity is built. The design of the public realm is not only about creating attractive places. A successful public realm fosters a sense of place, of safety, allows for freedom of expression and opens up the opportunity for free and flexible use of public space. The vision for Upper Lee Valley foresees a coherent public realm with strong nodes that act as attractors of social, commercial and mixed activity and spark vitality in the areas public spaces. Currently the public realm in Upper Lee Valley is strained due the areas fragmented urban fabric. There is an absence of a sense of centre, elements of its local character remain hidden and its identity as a place is obscured. The illegibility of the physical environment hinder orientation and the public realm fails to guide people in any direction. The absence of strong social nodes and a sense of direction along with the high dependency on cars have resulted in limited street life within Upper Lee Valley. By drawing on the areas existing strengths and in keeping with its character as a tranquil suburb, the following proposal hopes to create a unique sense of place, bring vitality into the public realm and create a welcoming, safe, accessible and adaptable place that allows for flexible use. The suggested interventions also aim to address social issues identified earlier in the development brief, through strengthening the areas green open spaces (as sites for physical activity), creating sites centred around education and training (such as libraries) and promoting healthy lifestyles (by creating social nodes centred around the cultivation and sale of fresh food).
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STRENGTH
There are numerous public green open spaces, which are free to access and are located within walking distance of residential areas allowing for easy access for the community. This is particularly true of the areas Enfield Island Village. Urban agriculture acts as a means to create social cohesion to the community. A large presence of private business, industry and leisure facilities generate income to the area through tourism and job creation. The Athletic Centre is a useful resource at the local, regional and national level and also contributes to job creation as well as promoting exercise and healthy living for children and adults. These facilities along with the local, regional parks promote a healthy lifestyle and sense of well- being for the community. Upper Lea Valley has a canal network which links directly to Central London. The pathways which run alongside the canal can be used for walking, running, cycling and act as a way to link the local residents to the open spaces and create a feeling of well-being which is of great importance in the hectic lives of people in the Upper Lea Valley.
WEAKNESSES
There is a stark disconnection within the open space network creating secluded and isolated areas. These open spaces take on an uninviting characteristic. There is a lack of permeability throughout the entire area; it is dominated by roads and barriers, which discourage residents to walk, and in turn results in high reliance on cars. The Upper Lea Valley requires appropriate and additional signage. A further observation was that there is a lack of ownership in terms of maintenance of the open spaces as well as residential areas. Several areas were visibly neglected. There is limited provision of activities and facilities in the Upper Lea Valley area, namely the local residential parks catered only for young children. Where facilities are of good quality they are usually pricey. Limited public transport acts as a further constraint to the area and the use of its facilities. The image and reputation of the Upper Lea Valley will be a deterrent in the regeneration of the area.
OPPORTUNITIES
Potential to promote and encourage community identity and cohesion. There is an opportunity in Upper Lea Valley to use the available open spaces, and potential activities and facilities, to work towards a more connected society; as well as building on the existing allotments schemes that promote growing your own organic produce, education and skill building and social enterprise. Upper lea valley already attracts tourism and people from outside of the region through its convenient location and specialized facilities and activities. There is the potential to further increase the draw to the area through better design. There is potential to create a strong sense of locality. This would stimulate economic growth through job creation and activities for people of all ages to enjoy. The 2012 Olympics are a big opportunity for the area due to its convenient location and characteristics. Upper Lea Valley is very well connected in terms of its transport infrastructure. This can be improved further with more frequent buses and specific links to the facilities Re-establish the Public Memory. 84
THREATS
Isolated areas are prone to crime and should be regenerated in order to reduce these risks as well as encourage a mixed use of the space. Increasing the level of tourism and outside investment in the area may lead to a larger disconnection between the area and the residents of the ULV. If the cost of activities in the area is not affordable by the community the out-priced locals will spend their money outside of the area on facilities that are more affordable and of a better quality. There is a lack of trust from the community to the council and therefore it is essential to engage them in the project by listening to their ideas and empowering their voices. There is the potential for further social and financial exclusion of the community if the needs and thoughts of the community are not taken in to account.
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The hedges, ditches, thickets, and paths reappear within an infrastructure of greenhouses, allotment gardens, recycling, energy production, composting, and sports fields. Strictly codified, this band is not about protection and nostalgia but exchange and experimentationa means to make the landscape accessible to all users. In this scenario, planned indeterminacy hems the suburbanization of the countryside and allow agriculture to reenter the urban (Imbert 2010, 266).
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6.3.3 Public realm Vision and Principles In support of Enfield taking pride in being one of Londons greenest boroughs, the Upper Lea Valley is envisioned to become a place of distinct identity and culture through uniquely identified nodes of agricultural and economic production, community activities and mixed use zones as means of improving the overall quality of life in the public realm. Design Principles: 1) Reconnect suburban dwellers back to landscape and wilderness, not only for agricultural production, but also for community identity, active recreation and good mental and physical well-being. 2) Horizontal Intensification: increasing the number of activities or programs, occurring simultaneously or at different times of the day; providing alternative access and spaces for a variety of activities and uses. 3) Lessen the negative impact that people have on the environment. Discourage misuse or polluting of the landscape through community participation in allotments, centres for mixed-use green enterprise and nodes for local knowledge share of environmental practice. 4) Shift urban grain from large patches of course grain where extensive travel time is required between commercial, residential and recreational areas to a region of course grain with some fine grain areas within it. Establishing a hybrid between course grain and fine grain would aim to encourage social pockets of mixed-use programmes, while allowing for the preservation of large-scale natural areas. 87
5) Redefine the public realm in UVL by creating flexible land use, such as giving the waterways mixed use zones for commercial and residential activity or identifying streets as centres for community gathering and events.
Definition of Continuous Green Corridors: A coherently planned and designed combination of continuous landscape, urban agricultural production and active recreation. A network of planted open spaces, which are spatially continuous, such as linear parks or interconnected open patches. Designed to encourage and allow suburban dwellers to observe activities and processes traditionally associated with the countryside, thereby re-establishing a relationship between life and the processes required to support it (Vilijoen, 2005). An enormous walking landscape running through the city or suburban territory -- a linear corridor of recreation and connectivity for pedestrians and cyclists. An open space planted and managed in a way as to be environmentally and economically productive providing food production, pollution absorption, cooling effect of trees and increased biodiversity from wildlife corridors (Vilijoen, 2005).
This banded landscape becomes the generator of the building process rather than its byproduct (Imbert 2010, 263).
Inspiration Our design intervention for the public realm aims to explore how continuous green corridors could become a formative element in the place-making and community identity of Upper Lee Valley. Within recent years landscape has experienced increased attention as the central focus of the public realm. For the case of ULV we aim for the public realm to act as potent expression of the culture of the place, a means to address historical inequalities and urban fragmentations on the site, and a dynamic medium to reframe relations between suburban life and peri-urban food production. Below, Michel Desvigne, Agricultural garden, Ile Seguin, Boulogne-sur-Seine, France Inspiration for our proposal come from French landscape architect Michel Desvigne [who] argues for what can be termed a projective ecology one in which the landscape not only performs an ecological role in terms of storm-water management and biodiversity but more important, creates a spatial framework for future urban development (Imbert 2010).
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6.3.4 Public realm framework
railway stations railway tracks main vehicular movement slowed vehicular access productive landscapes or allotments potential sites for allotments libraries 1 Ponders End Library 2 Ordnance Road Library 3 Bullsmoor Library 4 Enfield Island Village library 5 Enfield Highway Library 6 Edmonton Green Library key economic sites 7 Innova Business Park 8 Brimsdown Industrial Estate proposed interventions 9 Ordnance Public Square 10 Enlfield Island Waterfront 11 Brimsdown Docks
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Social nodes/ pockets as catalyst interventions: expand services and improve access and visibility of social nodes
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Social nodes provide public services and serve as destinations that can strengthen local identity and social cohesion Libraries: By expanding services at libraries they can become social centers that provide different services (including education and training facilities, public information, ITC resources, spaces for community events, cafs, office space for community groups, and health and education events) that can have a positive impact on the socio-economic factors of the region Allotments: these improve the potential for local food production, social cohesion, and health benefits from fresh food and interaction with nature. There are economic opportunities from fresh and healthy food markets. They represent a sustainable use of green spaces that may otherwise be neglected/misused; there is potential to expand allotments and community gardens to sites across the valley Stations: renovate rail stations to emphasize their importance as a part of the access network. Mixed use developments can encourage the treatment of stations as landmarks or social spaces for gathering Mixed use developments can increase vibrancy and provide jobs and services
Rebalancing the streets: reduce the dominance of cars on roads to encourage multi-modal usage of streets, particularly those that connects social nodes/ pockets
Improving streets for multi-modal uses encourages people to get out of cars and walk which increases vibrancy of streets and potential for people to engage with social nodes in their area. This can strengthen a sense of community as streets are the most important public spaces in a city (Jane Jacobs, 1961) It also encourages more sustainable and low carbon modes of transport Having more people use the streets induces natural surveillance which can reduce crime in hot-spot areas Improving street design (with rebalancing and added lighting, street furniture and signage) creates more usable routes through the area, ribbons and connections that overcome fragmented nature of the valley
Adding signage to main roads (particularly along Hertford road, Ordnance road and at junctions near social nodes)
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Signage can reinforce connectivity and emphasize locations of social nodes which can add to a sense of location and connections to other surrounding areas Signage should focus on ribbon roads/routes to point out social nodes for locals and visitors, yet should not be overdone to the extent that signage eliminates interaction between visitors and local people and services 90
Improve public access to and the design/ environment around green spaces and waterscapes
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Improving access to green spaces enhances the use of these spaces and takes advantage of the land and waterscapes in the Upper Lee Valley, which can create destinations and social spaces that strengthens local identity drawing on the regional park as a unique aspect of the Upper Lee Valley Improved access to water and parks for sports and leisure creates opportunities for enterprise and physical activities that improve wellbeing Improving access with cross-overs for pedestrian barriers will increase connectivity and help overcome mental and physical barriers that fragment the area
Improve connections to industrial areas and business parks
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Improve physical access to key economic areas/ nodes to integrate current strengths of the Upper Lee Valley into any regeneration schemes
Encourage green enterprise
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This will help to diversify the local economy and provides opportunities for job creation. Enterprises can be situated within or near existing economic hubs such as Brimsdown Industrial Park.
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HOW THE INTERVENTION IMPROVES THE PUBLIC REALM
PRINCIPLE ADDRESSED
Ordanance Road: Unify-Socialize-Pedestrianize Creating links between disperate areas through friendly spaces. This would enhance the identity of Enfield Lock and help rebalance the streets and the sidewalks are used and experienced.
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Enfield Island Village Dead Spaces are often found throughout the ULV, especially in areas surrounding the water. One of our strategies is to change the environment of these spaces by creating places for commercial and communal activities. Through this intervention not only would we address this mis-use of space, but bring safety and life back into the ULV.
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Brimsdown Waterfront Plaza Our aim is to formulate a plan which addresses the need for activity on the waterfront. Not only would this improve the life around the canals, but would also encourage a form of water tourism. Many narrow boats go up and down the ULV, which leads us to question and push further the use of the water. This project promotes the water as a mixed use zone which build social cohesion within and out of the boundaries of the ULV.
Ponders End: Implement allotment projects to act as a catalyst to improve the social pockets found within the ULV. This also allows for a much more sustainable use of green space and create social cohesion and economic opportunities in the area.
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Satellite Markets These mobile markets act as catalysts by creating activity in various locations within the ULV by offering access to knowledge about agricultural industries and providing services by selling produce grown locally.
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6.3.5 Public realm opportunity sites
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93 Opportunity map
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6.3.6 Ordnance road One area that has been identified for rejuvenation is the Enfield Lock area. This area contains several disjointed residential communities. It is our vision to see these communities unified through enhanced and strengthened public areas, in order to help build a larger sense of community, which withstands the physical barriers of the areas terrain (canals, railways, major roads, etc.). The area receiving the most concentrated intervention would encompass the junction of Hertford Road and Ordnance Road, the length of Ordnance Road itself, and its junction with Enfield Island Village. Additional attention should be paid to the Enfield Lock railway station and the confluence of the Ordnance Road and Enfield Island Village areas with the Lee Valley Park. The potential intervention in this area is founded on several intersecting principles: unification, pedestrianization, and socialization. We recognize that residents in the areas surrounding Ordnance Road and Enfield Lock may not immediately consider themselves residents of an Enfield Lock community, but rather part of the greater Enfield community; this is something we hope to change. We would like to enact interventions in this area that would promote a sense of unity and community pride, as well as distinction from Enfield itself. Through our study of the area, we have seen that portions of Ordnance Road and Hertford Road exhibit or have the potential to develop High Roadlike qualities. Unfortunately, the creation of a High Road-esque commercial and pedestrian-friendly center in the Enfield Lock area is complicated by prominence of automobiles in the area; as such, one of our core principles for this area is to make it more legible to pedestrians. In terms of the public realm, our main goal for the Enfield Lock area is to create spaces where neighbors can get to know one another and socialize; this, we hope, will help to foster a more robust community identity.
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Opportunity sites
Public library & water tower
Public plaza 96
The manifestation of these principles would take the form of several strategic interventions in the area. In terms of physical unity, we recommend the establishment of a green corridor which would help to connect the top of Lee Valley Park with Enfield Island Village, and extend from there to Hertford Rd, along Ordnance Road. In a practical sense, this could be achieved simply by planting more trees along roads and the installation of grassy road medians. The Enfield Lock railway station could be upgraded to promote a greater sense of destination. Such an upgrade should include better signage to direct visitors to the different points of interest in the area. To better pedestrianize the area, we have drawn our inspiration from examples like New Road in Brighton, where simple changes to the fabric of the roads surface have completely transformed the ethos of the area. While we do not seek to completely pedestrianize the area, we feel that changes in pavement texture, and the widening of pedestrian walkways in general, constitute reasonable interventions for the area, while continuing to provide a necessary thruway for automobiles. To promote a pedestrian culture, designated and alternative parking areas should be created to divert parking from along the street. To create a better sense of security at night, more streetlamps could be added in commerce and residential areas. Running parallel to Ordnance Road is a rare east-west walking trail, which terminates at Lee Valley Park and Enfield Island Village. This valuable trail should be upgraded and promoted with better signage, in order to draw visitors from the park into the Enfield Lock area to partake in the potential shopping, dinning and other leisure opportunities. Another important intervention would be the creation and/or refurbishing of public libraries in the area. Not only could these libraries help improve access to educational resources for residents, but
they could also provide potential points of casual socialization, as well as venues for more formal and town-hall-style community meetings. Inspiration for these spaces could even be taken from projects like the Idea Store in Tower Hamlets. It is vital that such social spaces are made readily available to the areas youth as safe alternatives to the streets. It is critical that public spaces be created in the area to foster social interaction and tie the area together. Finally, we propose that the Ordnance Road be bookended by landmarks; that is, to create destination points at both ends of the road in order to keep visitors circulating along the corridor. The Enfield Island Village tower could be one such bookend, while the unsightly parking lot at the other end, where Ordnance Road meets Hertford Road, could be reworked into a sort of plaza, with underground parking and a landmark in the center, like a sculpture or a fountain. There is also underutilized green space between Lee Valley Park and Enfield Island Village; these spaces could be improved with playgrounds and possibly the creation of artificial ponds, for fishing or paddle boating. Of course, there are existing scenic points of interest in the area, and these should be promoted to visitors with better signage. With even a few of these interventions, we believe that the public realm of the Enfield Lock community would be greatly improved.
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Aerial map
Enfield Island Village waterfront
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6.3.7 Enfield Island Village In the Upper Lea Valley, we find many dead spaces, or areas that are desolate, misused and prone to crime. This is especially evident while walking along the canal in the Enfield Island Village. In this area there are many abandoned sites and one may feel slightly threatened by the surrounding environment. The island is mainly comprised of residential uses, car parks and an insignificantly small commercial center. Once a small arms factory, this village has been regenerated with the aim to become a new waterside attraction. However, what has resulted from this new development is a disconnected zone of low density with very few services at its proximity. One main site on the island that we found a serious threat to the environment was the barred off vacant parking lot. It was fortified to prevent crime, but its presence leaves a large desolate open space creating more gaps in the urban fabric. Currently, there is a proposal to build a new row of terrace homes on the site. However, this plan would only increase the sense of isolation in the area. Instead we propose a mixed-use complex (G+2), which incorporates housing with communal and commercial activities. We suggest opening a small commercial centre: including a neighborhood grocery store, coffee shop and pub, which could play live music on certain nights, aiming to bring life to the area. The establishment of this waterfront plaza would not only attract people from the Village, but would draw residents from the surrounding areas of the Upper Lea Valley as well as daytime visitors on the waterfront (Narrow Boaters). This project would act as a vibrant catalyst for the rest of the ULV waterways. Not only would the proposal bring activity to the area, but it would also create jobs for the dwellers of the Island, and promote a more vibrant street life creating social cohesion between the various communities of Upper Lee Area.
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Residential Commercial Industrial Religious Education Water Utilities Green Spaces Roads Railway
Existing boating activity
Brimsdown Waterfront Plaza
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6.3.8 Brimsdown Waterfront Plaza The waterways in the Upper Lea Valley are one of Enfields major assets. Not only do they connect one end of the valley to the other, but directly relate to the river Thames, allowing for direct passage by water to the larger London area. However, due to the size of the site we found that there are many gaps or dead spaces along the way. These isolated spaces of relative neglect invite crime and disrupt the experience of continuity along the waterfront. Our aim is to formulate a plan that addresses the need for renewed activity on the waterfront. Not only would this improve the quality life around the canals, but it would potentially encourage water tourism; plans which also exist in the British Waterways. Additionally, there is a high flow of narrow boats that go up and down the Upper Lea Valley, leading us to focus on the use of the water as a dominant recreational activity in the area. Many of these boaters use the waterway for leisure while
spending time at weekend homes, as permanent means of connectivity for residents. The Brimsdown waterfront Plaza acts not only as a dock for boats, but also as a place of entertainment for the locals and visitors alike. The stairway down to the water is designed as an amphitheater that could be used to stage outdoor concerts, theatre and public talks. There would also be spaces that could be appropriated for commercial purpose such as restaurants, cafes and shops. The aim is to have a place for the boats to dock, while providing access to specific commercial and leisure needs. Additionally, the boats are allowed to appropriate their own uses. This flexibility on the site would allow for water markets, where narrow boat owners could sell kind of handicrafts and local goods. Water activities such as kayaking and pedal boats would be encouraged and offered on the site. This spatial strategy aims to promote the water as a mixeduse zone of recreation, commercialism and living, encouraging social cohesion throughout the various communities of the Upper Lea Valley.
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Aerial map of Brimsdown Waterfront Plaza
Grow it stations, allotments, Brimsdown
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6.3.9 Grow it! station & Market satellites The aim of the intervention seeks to reframe relations between suburban life and food production through a Grow it! Station. This design intervention relates to the existing allotments and has the potential to create positive changes on both small and large scales for the lives of Upper Lee Valley inhabitants. The first phase of this intervention would take place next to the allotments on Alma Road. The proposed marketplace would be situated on the corner of Alma Road and Avondale Crescent. Vision market: The site would host a marketplace for selling local produce, while providing a platform for hosting public events and educational programmes. There would be a particular emphasis on green enterprise aiming to educate local residents on topics of periurban agriculture, better health habits, composting and recycling. The site would seek to become a place of community gathering, encouraging social exchange between producers and consumers, as well as various members of the community. The second phase of the intervention would establish a green corridor of continuous landscape would create connectivity on the site, providing spaces for community gathering and nodes for local knowledge-share. The proposed green corridor would run along the whole of the vertical axis of Upper Lee Valley. This mixed-use green space would promote intergenerational learning where older portions of the population would have the opportunity to share knowledge to younger portions of the population, through ongoing programmes and community workshops.
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inclusive, lively street life. Market satellites vision: The long-term vision of the green corridor would be based on creating a new identity for ULV that promotes productive relations between agriculture, green enterprise, active recreation, community participation and sites for reclamation and recycling. Importantly, the long-term aim of this intervention would seek to transform the lifestyle and value set of Upper Lee Valley, encouraging a healthier relationship between food production, suburban life and the environment. In the second phase of our intervention we also propose to create market satellites that would promote local food production for much wider portions of the population of the Upper Lee Valley. These market satellites would establish vegetable fairs that would spread local knowledge of the benefits of fresh produce and the advantages of local food production. These market satellites would be situated throughout ULV, serving as healthy fast food options produced by local residents from the community allotments. Aesthetically, they would be bright, colourful, punctuations in the landscape, promoting a socially Why Satellites? These market satellites would be mobile, and not always to be found in the same place, creating a sense of dynamic movement within the otherwise static suburban area. The advantage of this design strategy is that various parts of the neighbourhood would be made active at different points throughout the day, month or year. The market satellites could also relate to specific cultural celebrations, promoting more inclusive relations between the diverse communities of the Upper Lee Valley. Proposed sites: The purpose of this intervention, or a series of interventions is to enhance living conditions on a spatial and social level, particularly through: Promoting the currently existing allotments Enhancing the sense of community ownership and belonging through establishing common identity based on local food production and green enterprise. Community participation in the allotments could potentially decrease crime levels and promote better use of the public space. Creating communal places for gathering, facilitated
Aerial map of Grow it Stations, Brimsdown
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by the design of the place and fitted accordingly to its needs. Interactive/intergenerational knowledge share, particularly relating to youth engagement and learning exchages around subjects urban agricultural production and green living. A long-term goal: change lifestyle and relations between people and the environment. Increase the community knowledge of the benefits of urban agriculture, improving the quality of programmes around public health like governmental programme Food in Schools which is a joint venture between Department of Health and Department for Skills and Education. Through this physical intervention, many of the challenges that the Upper Lee Valley is currently struggling with would be addressed. First of all, it would increase quality of life: cultivating food knowledge and encouraging local food production would promote better health practice among various members of the community. Secondly, it would decrease disability living allowance: promoting a pedestrian walkability approach, where there would be easy access from Brimsdown Rail Station and Ponders End station, as well as from surrounding residential areas. Grow it! Stations
long-term aim would be to decrease child obesity: introducing the youth population to the allotments would provide opportunities for learning about better health practices. Through community driven youth programmes on topics of nutrition and agricultural production, children would learn the benefits of eating fresh local produce, potentially changing health habits and relationships to food in the area Knowing that Upper Lee Valley needs a common identity, we see the Grow it! Station as a possibility to cultivate the communal sense of ownership and belonging that exists in markets, promoting a knowledge-sharing network in the area. Finally, the intervention aims to increase security in the area/ lowering crime level: a stronger community presence in the area, through participation in the allotments promotes social cohesion and a safer public realm. This vision of the market is suppose to present its functional advantages: *permeability *multi-use ( market place/gathering space/ allotment school) *cross-generation (different age/social groups being addressed)
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6..10 Lee Valley Regional Park There is great potential within the Lee Valley Regional Park. The green spaces, canals and reservoirs serve to create a sense of local identity by acting as a green and blue ribbon that unites the area. However there are problems with the accessibility and quality of these spaces: there is limited public access, elevation which blocks views, narrow pathways along the edges and issues with prices (Design for London, 2010; Enfield Council, 2006). Yet these areas also have the most opportunities and there are current schemes and projects that aim to improve the regional park; strategies include improving access for residential areas, particularly around Ponders End and Central
Leeside, and increasing recreational potential in the park (Enfield Council, 2010). There is some use of the reservoirs with the sailing clubs but there is potential to expand water-based leisure activities. Unused green spaces, especially on the edges of the park, can be used for community gardens and local food production. Benefits of improving green spaces and waterscapes would include the strengthening of local identity, re-connecting with nature (through children playing and youth and adults growing/ selling local food), and creating accessible opens spaces for leisure and active recreation which has the potential to improve the health and wellbeing of local portions of the population (Design for London,2010). For the reasons that we have listed along with many others, the regional park is an asset that should be integrated into any regeneration schemes.
Below, precedent; Arup rendering, Wanzhuang eco-city of agriculture, China
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WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING, NEW FORMS OF POWER GENERATION, WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT, AND SO ON ARE ALL A SOLID BASIS FOR TWENTYFIRST-CENTURY ECONOMIC REGENERATION (FARRELL, 2010 483).
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7 PHASING
7.1
PHASING & IMPLEMENTATION

The table below shows a simplified at-a-glance guide to the possible cost implications, project scale (in the context of the Upper Lee Valley area) and a colour coded indication of whether this project or design intervention could be implemented almost immediately (short term/red), as part of a long-term strategy (blue) or somewhere in-between (medium/ yellow). This simplified symbol system has been applied to the Macro-scale planned interventions for Upper Lee Valley in relation to the area design principles and are categorised: Access, Public Realm and Urban Structure. These can be found in the Appendix of this brief, but below is an example of its application:
A ruling principle throughout consideration of development plans for the Upper Lee Valley has been the recognition of priorities for the area what sort of activities or projects can act as a catalyst to not just change the physical appearance of an area, but to change perceptions of those that use the space. The phasing and implementation plan (set out in brief below) also brought into consideration the changing needs of the Upper Lee Valley (temporary use/end use), its capability to restructure as an identified opportunity area of Outer London, and within the context of London as a changing city full of opportunity. The hierarchy or prioritisation of projects also considers the success of these initial projects as catalysts for further development, or perhaps a change of strategy or focus. Most of the smaller scale proposals earmarked here as viable in the short term, are intended to slot into the larger scale master plan and this incremental approach can therefore be more flexible in the long term.
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Phasing and implementation strategy for the Upper Lee Valley gives priority to key projects that will act as catalysts to change the image and perception of the Upper Lee Valley Area.
Enfield Council has a great deal of positional strength concerning land ownership, land use and development in the Upper Lee area, possible strengths and constraints with regard to implantation in the long term could include:
Types of development projects by time: 0 5 years (Short Term) Key perception changing interventions, supporting community led change. Clarifying and upgrading existing networks, pedestrian corridors and walkways Softscape developments. Minor structural developments, including station upgrades. Renovation of existing structures Strengths: Enfield Council owns a significant portion of land in the Borough therefore has degree of autonomy. Enfield Council is willing to consider the acquisition of new sites that will be key to new development and community benefit
5 10 years (Medium Term) Extending and connecting character areas, small scale infrastructure links. Connecting the urban fabric, e.g. possible new train station at Picketts Lock Lane.
Constraints: In some of the industrial estates there are complex lease agreements, therefore relocation would require multi stakeholder cooperation and could be a lengthy process.
10 20 years (Long Term) Larger scale infrastructure changes, completing transformed movement network within the area. Relocation of industry units at key opportunity areas in order to expand and strengthen the social nodes proposed in this development brief. Major changes to urban grain. Commercial evolution, e.g markets/shops/ business networks and job creation. Reinforcing Upper Lee Valley links to the rest of Enfield Borough and co-ordinating with other strategic projects in surrounding area e.g. new community of Meridian Water 5,000 homes by 2026.
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7 PHASING
7.2
COST ANALYSIS
As mentioned previously, many of the short term proposals highlighted in this report are intended to be flexible in their execution and will fit into existing plans, complementing the changing priorities (financial and social) of the Upper Lee Valley area over the next 20 years and beyond. Many of the ready-to-implement projects such as street furniture, vista creation and especially community-led projects such as Market Satellites would be relatively low in cost to realise. Proposals such as increased awareness and participation in such projects could actually be cost-free. In accordance to the cost scale used in our table (example above), an indication of project cost could be approximately: : 1,000+ E.g. Traffic baseline analysis approx. 15,000. : 100,000 + : 1,000,000+ E.g. Building Community Centre approx. 1 million. Master planning to outside consultants can often cost in the region of 150,000; but with projected budget cuts of up to 40% of Enfield Councils budget over the next 4 years (due to come into effect from April 1 2011) its expected that around 35m will need to be cut from public services in the area. These issues have been considered in the preparation of this brief and helped form our priority-led, incremental approach that creates opportunities for long term growth and investment for the Upper Lee Valley.
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8 CONCLUSION
Past regional development proposals seem to have paid a great deal of attention to the Upper Lee Valley specifically in relation to what many to consider to be its greatest asset, the Lee Valley Park. For the purposes of this Development Brief, we do recognize that the Lee River/canals, the reservoirs, and the surrounding green space do indeed constitute some of the areas most valuable assets, both historically and well into the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, we have been careful not to allow the Lee Valley Park overshadow the vision for the area as a whole, and become the defining feature of the ULV in our minds. Therefore, while the Lee Valley Park area is often related to the proposed interventions, it is not necessarily the primary target. The ULV is in fact much more than its park, and its futurethat is, its success or failure as a communityrests in the hands of the people who live within its borders. It is with this in mind, that we have specifically designed our proposals to enhance the sense of unity in the Upper Lee Valley. If the Upper Lee Valley is meant to be anything more than a series of disjointed neighborhoods, industrial parks, and the occasional park, it must become more unified, not only geographically speaking, but also in the minds of both its residents and those living around it. The establishment and development of the belief in a greater and more integrated Upper Lee Valley community is central to this project, and, we believe, vital to the success of the area. In other words, only once there is a unified sense of community in the area, can there be any sense of ownership, and it is only through collective ownership that the necessary level of stewardship can be achieved to maintain such a vast territory.
It is therefore our hope that the interventions recommended in this brief might serve to mobilize the local communities of ULV, instilling in them a greater sense of civic pride; it is their initiative that will carry the ULVs transformation to fruition. Indeed, it would undoubtedly be a mistake to neglect the ULVs development in the hopes that some investment or good fortune might spill over from the 2012 Olympics site; this is not enough. The solutions for ULV must take root in a proactive approach, and that starts with the people, not with a bulldozer.
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10 APPENDICES
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Development Brief - Upper Lee Valley

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2

6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3

6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3

PHYSICAL & SOCIO ECONOMIC

POLICY & PLANNING

3 URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS

3 URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS

MASSING & DENSITY

3 URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS

3 URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS

Upper Lee Valley: Many Spaces. One place

4 VISION & URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

4 VISION & URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

FRAMEWORK FOR ULV

KEY OPPORTUNITY SITES

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

title of picture and scale

image from Gehl, J. Vision for People

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6.1.4 Access - framework

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

HOW THE INTERVENTION IMPROVES ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6.1.5 Access - opportunity sites

Permable corridors from east to west

Routes through the reservoirs to enable East to West links

Permability from East to West with access to the canals

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ACCESS

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6.2.4 Urban Structure - framework

Create landmarks at strategic locations

Restructuring of roads to allow good views and vistas.

HOW THE INTERVENTION IMPROVES THE PUBLIC REALM

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6.2.5 Urban Structure - opportunity sites

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK URBAN STRUCTURE

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK PUBLIC REALM

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK PUBLIC REALM

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK PUBLIC REALM

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK PUBLIC REALM

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK PUBLIC REALM

6.3.4 Public realm framework

6 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK PUBLIC REALM

Improve connections to industrial areas and business parks

Encourage green enterprise

HOW THE INTERVENTION IMPROVES THE PUBLIC REALM