CCNA Exp3 - Chapter01 - Lan Design

Chapter 1: LAN Design
CCNA Exploration 4.0
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Overview
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Hierarchical Network Model
Switched LANs, access layer overview
The hierarchical design model includes the following 3 layers: 1. The access layer provides users in workgroups access to the network. 2. The distribution layer provides policy-based connectivity. 3. The core layer provides optimal transport between sites. The core layer is often referred to as the backbone. By separating the various functions that exist on a network, the network design becomes modular, which facilitates scalability and performance
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Access Layer
The main purpose of the access layer is to provide a means of
connecting devices to the network and controlling which devices are allowed to communicate on the network.
Access layer switches

Access layer switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model and provide services such as VLAN membership. Access layer functions also include MAC layer filtering and microsegmentation. MAC layer filtering allows switches to direct frames only to the switch port that is connected to the destination device. The switch creates small Layer 2 segments called microsegments. The collision domain can be as small as two devices An access layer switch should provide this functionality with low cost and high port density. Catalyst 1900 series Catalyst 2820 series Catalyst 2950 series Catalyst 4000 series Catalyst 5000 series
Distribution Layer
The distribution layer controls the flow of network traffic using policies and delineates broadcast domains by performing routing functions between virtual LANs (VLANs) defined at the access layer. VLANs allow you to segment the traffic on a switch into separate subnetworks.
Extra:Distribution Layer
The purpose of this layer is to provide a boundary definition in which packet manipulation can take place. Networks are segmented into broadcast domains by this layer. Policies can be applied and access control lists can filter packets. The distribution layer also prevents problems from affecting the core layer. Switches in this layer operate at Layer 2 and Layer 3. The distribution layer includes several functions such as the following: Aggregation of the wiring closet connections Broadcast/multicast domain definition Virtual LAN (VLAN) routing Any media transitions that need to occur Security
Distribution layer switches

2926G 6500
Distribution layer switches are the aggregation points for multiple access layer switches. The switch must be able to accommodate the total amount of traffic from the access layer devices. The distribution layer combines VLAN traffic and is a focal point for policy decisions about traffic flow. For these reasons distribution layer switches operate at both Layer 2 and Layer 3. The following Cisco switches are suitable for the distribution layer: Catalyst 2926G Catalyst 5000 family Catalyst 6000 family
Core Layer
The core layer of the hierarchical design is the high-speed backbone of the internetwork. The core layer is critical for interconnectivity between distribution layer devices, so it is important for the core to be highly available and redundant. The core area can also connect to Internet resources. The core aggregates the traffic from all the distribution layer devices, so it must be capable of forwarding large amounts of data quickly.
Extra:Core Layer
The core layer is a high-speed switching backbone. If they do not have an associated router module, an external router is
used for the Layer 3 function. This layer of the network design should not perform any packet manipulation. Packet manipulation, such as access list filtering, would slow down the switching of packets. Providing a core infrastructure with redundant alternate paths gives stability to the network in the event of a single device failure.
Core Layer Switches

Lightstream 1010
8540
In a network design, the core layer can be a routed, or Layer 3, core. Core layer switches are designed to provide efficient Layer 3 functionality when needed. Factors such as need, cost, and performance should be considered before a choice is made. The following Cisco switches are suitable for the core layer: Catalyst 6500 series Catalyst 8500 series IGX 8400 series Lightstream 1010
A Hierarchical Network in a Medium-Sized Business
13
A Hierarchical Network in a Medium-Sized Business
14
Benefits of a Hierarchical Network
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Hierarchical Network Design Principles
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Network Diameter
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Bandwidth Aggregation
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Extra: EtherChannel
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Redundancy
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Extra: High Availability
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What is a Converged Network ?

Small and medium-sized businesses are embracing the idea of running voice and video services on their data networks. Let us look at how voice and video over IP (VoIP) affect a hierarchical network.
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Legacy Equipment
Because analog phones have not yet been replaced, you will also see equipment that has to support both legacy PBX telephone systems and IPbased phones. This sort of equipment will slowly be migrated to modern IPbased phone switches.
Advanced Technology
One benefit of a converged network is that there is just one network to

manage. Another benefit is lower implementation and management costs.
New Options
You can accomplish the same function using special software

integrated with a personal computer. Softphones, such as the Cisco IP Communicator, offer a lot of flexibility for businesses.
Extra: Cisco IP Communicator
Cisco IP Communicatora software-based application that delivers

enhanced telephony support through the PC is designed to meet diverse customer needs by serving as a supplemental telephone when traveling, a telecommuting device, or as a primary desktop telephone. With Cisco IP Communicator, remote users don't just take their office extension with them; they also enjoy access to the same familiar phone services that they have in the office.
Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks
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Using a properly designed hierarchical network, and implementing QoS

policies that prioritize the audio data, voice data can be converged onto an existing data network with little to no impact on audio, video quality.
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Activity 1.1.3.3
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Considerations for Hierarchical Network Switches
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Traffic Flow Analysis
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/nmp/netflow/partners/freeware/ind ex.shtml
User Communities Analysis

User community analysis is the process of identifying various groupings of users and their impact on network performance
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User Communities Analysis
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Data Stores and Data Servers Analysis
Bottleneck !
When analyzing traffic on a network, consider where the data stores and servers are located so that you can determine the impact of traffic on the network.
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Data Stores and Data Servers Analysis
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Topology Diagrams
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Extra: Server Placement
An enterprise server supports all the users on the network by offering services, such as e-mail or Domain Name System (DNS) that everyone in an organization would need because it is a centralized function. A workgroup server supports a specific set of users, offering services such as word processing and file sharing. Enterprise servers should be placed in the main distribution facility (MDF). Workgroup servers should be placed in the intermediate distribution facilities (IDFs) closest to the users accessing the applications on these servers.
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Switch Features
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Switch Form Factors
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Port Density
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Forwarding Rates
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Link Aggregation
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Power over Ethernet
Power over Ethernet (PoE) allows the switch to deliver power to a device over the existing Ethernet cabling
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Layer 3 Functions
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Access Layer Switch Features
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Distribution Layer Switch Features
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Core Layer Switch Features
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Switches for SMB
Activity 1.2.4.1
Test your knowledge
Activity 1.2.4.2
Test your knowledge
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Summary
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Chapter 1: LAN Design

CCNA Exploration 4.0

Please purchase a personal license.

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Hierarchical Network Model

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Switched LANs, access layer overview

The main purpose of the access layer is to provide a means of

Access layer switches

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Distribution layer switches

Core Layer Switches

A Hierarchical Network in a Medium-Sized Business

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

A Hierarchical Network in a Medium-Sized Business

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Benefits of a Hierarchical Network

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Hierarchical Network Design Principles

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Extra: High Availability

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Extra: High Availability

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Extra: High Availability

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Extra: High Availability

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

What is a Converged Network ?

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One benefit of a converged network is that there is just one network to

You can accomplish the same function using special software

Extra: Cisco IP Communicator

Cisco IP Communicatora software-based application that delivers

Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks

Using a properly designed hierarchical network, and implementing QoS

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Considerations for Hierarchical Network Switches

H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Traffic Flow Analysis

User Communities Analysis

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User Communities Analysis

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Data Stores and Data Servers Analysis

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Data Stores and Data Servers Analysis

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H c vi n m ng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

Extra: Server Placement

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