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Index
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2. Hysteresis Motors
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4. Linear Motors
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5. Stepper Motors
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6. Torque Motors
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7. Syncros
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9. References
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Figure 2.Iron rotor reluctance machine showing direct and quadrature axis flux. The single-phase induction motor and the single phase-phase synchronous reluctance motors are in concept the same except that some saliency is introduced into the rotor structure by removing some metal at the appropriate places to provide the required number of poles. The motor starts as an induction motor. If the motor rotates at synchronous speed, the saliency of the motor will cause a reluctance torque to develop. This torque arises from the tendency of a rotor to align itself with the rotating field. The stator of the reluctance synchronous motor is the same as that of the split-phase induction motor. As the rotor speeds up and comes close to the synchronous speed the rotor tends to align with the synchronous rotating forward air-gap flux wave and eventually snaps synchronism. The torque of the backward rotating field will affect the performance of the motor. This effect will be similar to an additional shaft load. Synchronous reluctance motors are used in some washing machine designs and are commonly used in the control rod drive mechanisms of nuclear reactors.
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FIGURE 2
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FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 Stepper motors are constant-power devices. As motor speed increases, torque decreases. The torque curve may be extended by using current limiting drivers and increasing the driving voltage. Steppers exhibit more vibration than other motor types, as the discrete step tends to snap the rotor from one position to another. This vibration can become very bad at some speeds and can cause the motor to lose torque. The effect can be decreased by accelerating quickly through the problem speed range, physically damping the system, or using a micro-stepping driver. Motors with a greater number of phases also exhibit smoother operation than those with fewer phases. A typical stepper motor can stop at 200 positions per rotation. This feature makes it ideal for control applications like robotics, plotters, cnc machining ect.
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FIGURE 7: Torque motors are frameless kit motors consisting of a permanent-magnet rotor and laminated stator.
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It is a position-sensing device much like an RVDT, except that its output signal is much more definite. With the rotor energized by AC, the stator winding voltages will be proportional in magnitude to the angular position of the rotor, phase either 0 o or 180o shifted, like a regular LVDT or RVDT. You can think of it as transformer with one primary winding and three secondary windings, each secondary winding oriented at a unique angle. As the rotor is slowly turned, each winding in turn will line up directly with the rotor, producing full voltage, while the other windings will produce less than full voltage. Synchros are often used in pairs. With their rotors connected in parallel and energized by the same AC voltage source, their shafts will match position to a high degree of accuracy.
Such "transmitter/receiver" pairs have been used on ships to relay rudder position, or to relay navigational gyro position over fairly long distances. This can be thought of almost as a sort of bridge circuit that achieves balance only if the receiver shaft is brought to one of two (matching) positions with the transmitter shaft. One rather ingenious application of the synchro is in the creation of a phase-shifting device, provided that the stator is energized by three-phase AC. As the synchro's rotor is turned, the rotor coil will progressively align with each stator coil, their respective magnetic fields being 120o phase-shifted from one another. In between those positions, these phase-shifted fields will mix to produce a rotor voltage somewhere between 0o, 120o, or 240o shift. The practical result is a device capable of providing an infinitely variable-phase AC voltage with the twist of a knob, which is attached to the rotor shaft.
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1) Thefreedictionary.com. McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopaedia of Engineering. 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hysteresis+motor Date accessed: 08 March 2011
2) Michigan Tech Engineering Mechanics. 2004. http://www.mfg.mtu.edu/marc/primers/machtool/gif/mt8.gif Date accessed: 08 March 2011
3) Copper.org. 2011. Copper Applications in Electrical Applications. http://www.copper.org/publications/newsletters/innovations/2000/06/electric-motorscuprate-supercondutors.html Date accessed: 08 March 2011
5) Freescale.com. 2004. Free Scale Semiconductor http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?code=DRMTRSWTRLCTMTR Date accessed: 08 March 2011
6) Solarbotics.net. 2005. Industrial Circuits Application Note - Stepper Motor Basics http://www.solarbotics.net/library/pdflib/pdf/motorbas.pdf Date accessed: 30 March 2011
7) Jatiti.org. 2008. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. Performance Analysis of Switched Reluctance Motor; Design, Modeling and Simulation of 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor. http://www.jatit.org/volumes/researchpapers/Vol4No11/13Vol4No11.pdf Date accessed: 04 April 2011
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9) Wiolland, K. 2001. Syncros Simple and Accurate. http://techaidproducts.com/PDFs/Tech-AidSynchroArticle.pdf Date accessed: 04 April 2011
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