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Demonstrations
Film: Physics Single Concept Films Collection Volume 2 Unit 1 Mechanics Circular Motion David Kutliroff Start Time 20.29 Video: Physics Single Concept Films Collection Volume 2 Unit 1: Mechanics; Inertial Forces_Centripetal Acceleration. The rotor. ie the plastic drum about 10 cm in diameter that rotates. Then we hang a ball inside it that then is pinned to the wall. Loop the Loop
08/10/2003 Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion 1

Lecture Eight Force & Motion II: Uniform Circular Motion Chapter 6.4

Acceleration in Circular Motion

A r

v1

y P B x v2 -v1 A r

v1

y P B v2 x

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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

08/10/2003

Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Acceleration
a = v2-v1 t2-t1 -v1 v2

Video
Film: Physics Single Concept Films Collection Volume 2 Unit 1 Mechanics Circular Motion Circular Motion David Kutliroff Start Time 20.29 A puck is slowly rotating about the centre post of an air-table. The string is burnt with a blow torch.

Acceleration points towards the centre of the circle!

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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Lecture 9: Uniform Circular Motion

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Formula for Acceleration

Calculate v2 - v1 Calculate
r r r v v a= 2 1 t 2 t1

Formula for Acceleration

-v1 v2 vx = v2cos - v1cos =0 vy = -v2sin - v1sin = -2v sin ax = 0 ay = -2v sin t2 t1

Take the limit as

08/10/2003

Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

08/10/2003

Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Formula for Acceleration

-v1 v2 t2 t1 = arc length/ speed = (r) (2) v ay = -2v sin . v 2r 2 sin = -v r 2 ay = -v r
Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion 9

TGV
The French Train TGV (train grande vitesse) travels at 300 km/hr = 83.3 m/s. If passengers are not to be subject to more than 0.05g, what is the minimum radius of the track?

As
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0,

(a)142 m (b) 1420 m (c) 14200 m (d) 142 000 m

http://www.now-india.com/general/speedtest/tgvfrance_trains.htm

08/10/2003

Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

10

Demonstration
Video: Physics Single Concept Films Collection Volume 2 Unit 1: Mechanics; Inertial Forces_Centripetal Acceleration. The rotor. ie the plastic drum about 10 cm in diameter that rotates. Then we hang a ball inside, it is then is pinned to the wall.

Gravitron

08/10/2003

Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

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08/10/2003

Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

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Lecture 9: Uniform Circular Motion

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Gravitron FBD
A rider finds herself stuck with her back to the wall. In the Earth Frame, which diagram correctly shows the forces acting on her? Label the forces on the diagram you choose.
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Gravitron
Radius R= 7 m Rotation speed = 24 rpm = 0.4 rev/s Time T for 1 revolution = The linear speed of the rider v = 2R/T =

Acceleration = v2/R =
http://www.ride-extravaganza.com/rides/gravitron/

m/s2 = g!
14

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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Banked Track

Banked Tracks
Fstatic Ftrack 2 mg
http://www.cyclingnews.com/results/track/track00.shtml

+y +x

a = v /r

2
16

Banked road; car seen from the back

15 08/10/2003 Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Banked Track
Ftrack a = v2/R Fstatic fr. mg In what direction is the acceleration? In what direction is the resultant force? What is the magnitude of the resultant force? What forces have components in this direction?
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Slow Speed
Ftrack, y Ftrack Ffriction

Ftrack, x

Fnet= Ft,x-Ffr,x

mg

Ft,x-Ffr,x = mv2/R
Friction points up the plane
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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Lecture 9: Uniform Circular Motion

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Optimum Speed
Ftrack, y Ftrack Ftrack, y Ftrack Ffriction Ftrack, x

Fast Speed

Ftrack, x

Fnet= Ft,x

Fnet= Ft,x+Ffr,x

mg
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Ft,x = mv2/R
No friction force is needed!
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mg

Ft,x+Ffr,x = mv2/R
Friction points down the plane
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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Too Fast
Suppose you go even faster? Fnet = mv2/R R increases too.

Ftrack, y

Ftrack

Optimum Banking Angle

a

Ftrack, x mg

net , x

= ma x mv 2 R =0

Ftrack sin =

net , y

Ftrack cos mg = 0 tan =

http://www.jsonline.com/graphics/news/img/oct02/crashbig101202.jpg

v2 Rg
22

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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Demonstration Loop the Loop

Loop the Loop.

A B

C
08/10/2003 Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion http://solomon.physics.sc.edu/~tedeschi/midway/2002/roller-coaster-web1.jpg 23 08/10/2003 Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion 24

Lecture 9: Uniform Circular Motion

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Pictorial Model
+x +y A B

Physical Model
B

Fnet = ma
+x +y FBD Ftrack mg C

Ftrack + mg =

mv 2 R

C
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As the speed of the ball increases, what happens to: 1. The acceleration 2. The resultant force 3. The track force 4. The force of gravity
Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion 26

Physical Model
B

Physical Model
B

Fnet = ma
+x +y FBD Ftrack mg
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Fnet = ma mv R
2

Ftrack + mg =

+x +y FBD Ftrack mg
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Ftrack + mg =

mv 2 R

1. What is the direction of the acceleration? 2. What is the direction of the resultant force? 3. What is the direction of the force of the track on the ball?
Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion 27

As the speed of the ball decreases, what happens to: 1. The acceleration 2. The resultant force 3. The track force 4. The force of gravity
Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion 28

Physical Model
B

Physical Model
B +x C At this special speed:

Fnet = ma
+x +y FBD Ftrack mg
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Ftrack + mg =

mv 2 R

+y FBD

As the speed of the ball decreases, 1. Can the track force ever reach zero? 2. What happens if the ball goes slower than this special speed?

Fnet = ma mg = mv 2 R v = Rg
30

mg
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Lecture 9: Uniform Circular Motion

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Conical Pendulum
Pictorial Model L +y +x
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Physical Model FBD

Conical Pendulum

+x

T +y L

R
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mg
Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

32

Mathematical Model

Conical Pendulum
+y T +x R mg L

Mathematical Model
2R v R g tan

Conical Pendulum
+y +x R mg T L

= ma
2

Period =

T sin =

mv R Fy = ma y

= 2

T cos mg = 0 Solve for v and T v = R g tan T=

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L cos = 2 g

mg cos
Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion 33 08/10/2003 Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion 34

End of Lecture
The entire lecture on the preceding pages is 2002 by R. J. Sica and can not be used or shared without his consent, except where prior copyright exists.

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Lecture 8: Uniform Circular Motion

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Lecture 9: Uniform Circular Motion