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EH/APR 2011/CHE433/483

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGl MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

THERMODYNAMICS CHE433/483 APRIL 2011 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of five (5) questions. 2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3. 4. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty a Properties Table - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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EH/APR 2011/CHE433/483

QUESTION 1 (P01,C01,C1,C3, C4) a) Define the principle of energy conservation and provide an example. (4 marks) b) Differentiate between open and close system and provide an example for each of the system. (6 marks) A vertical, frictionless piston-cylinder device contains a gas at 270 kPa absolute pressure. The atmospheric pressure outside the device is 100 kPa. The diameter of the piston is 8 cm. i) Determine the mass of piston. (5 marks) ii) If the device is equipped with a compressed spring above the piston and exerts a force of 60 N on the piston, determine the new pressure inside the cylinder. (5 marks)

c)

QUESTION 2 (P02, C02, C2, C4) a) Differentiate between adiabatic process and isothermal process. (4 marks) b) A well insulated rigid tank contains 7 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water at 100 kPa. Initially three quarter of the mass is in the liquid phase. An electric resistor placed in the tank is connected to a 110-V source and a current of 12 A flows through the resistor when the switch is turned on. i) Determine how long it will take to vaporize all the liquid in the tank. (10 marks) ii) Illustrate the process in the T-v diagram with respect to saturation line. (2 marks) iii) If the electric resistor is replaced by a coil which supply heat at a rate of 2000 kJ/hr, propose which method (electric resistor or coil) will give faster time to this duty. (4 marks)

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EH/APR 2011/CHE433/483

QUESTION 3 (P02, C03, C3, C4) A smaller power plant as in Figure 1, produces steam at 3 MPa, 600C in the boiler. It keeps the condenser at 45C by the transfer of 10 MW out as heat transfer. The first turbine section expands to 500 kPa, and then flow is reheated followed by the expansion in the lowpressure turbine. Determine

Figure 1 Simple Reheat Rankine

a)

the reheat temperature so that the turbine output is saturated vapor (4 marks)

b)

the total turbine power output and the boiler heat transfer (15 marks)

c)

the cycle efficiency and draw the T-s diagram (6 marks)

QUESTION 4 (P02, C04, C4, C2) a) An engineer at Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water has been assigned to find another power producer company to replace the existing company. One of independent power producer (IPP) company claims that they have developed a power cycle capable of delivering a net work output of 500 kJ for an energy input by heat transfer of 1000 kJ. The system undergoing the cycle receives the heat transfer from hot gases at a temperature of 500 K and discharges the energy by heat transfer to the atmosphere at 303 K. Evaluate this claim. (7 marks) CONFIDENTIAL

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EH/APR 2011/CHE433/483

b)

The entropy change of a system is not accounted for solely by the entropy transfer, but is due to the entropy generation (Sgen). The term of Sgen is positive when internal irreversibilities are present during the process and vanishes when no internal irreversibilities are present. By using suitable equations, data and diagram, validate the following statements, Sgen < 0 -> impossible Sgen > 0 -> irreversibilities present within the system Sgen = 0 -> no irreversibilities present within the system (12 marks)

QUESTION 5 (P01, C05, C5)

For any gas whose equation of state is given exactly by Pv = RT (ideal gas), the Cv is independent of pressure. This conclusion is demonstrated by experimental observations, beginning with the work of Joule (1843), showed that Cv of air at low density depends primarily on temperature. By using assumptions that entropy and internal energy is a function of temperature and specific volume only, prove that Cv of ideal gas is independent of pressure. (16 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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