Spencer Gillis

Biology Slides and Models

BacteriaRods: Bacillus Sphere: Coccus Spiral: Spirillus Characteristics: fermentation (energy production w/out O2), Obligate Aerobes (require O2), Obligate Anaerobes (only live w/out O2), Facultative Anaerobes (live in both) AmoebaKingdom Protista Phylum Sarcodina Characteristics: pseudopods (feeding and locomotion) EuglenaKingdom Protista Phylum Euglenaphyta Characteristics: flagella (locomotion), chloroplasts (food) ParameciumKingdom Protista Phylum Ciliata Characteristics: cilia (locomotion), mouth, gullet, oral groove TrypanosomesKingdom Protista Phylum Mastigophora Characteristics: flagella (locomotion), undulating membrane (more coordinated movement) Cause: African sleeping sickness PlasmodiumKingdom Protista Phylum Sporozoa Characteristics: reproduce w/ spores (asexual in vertebrate host, sexual in mosquito), parasitic Cause: Malaria SpongeKingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Characteristics: pore bearing , endoskeleton (sponging, silica, calcium carbonate), amoebocytes

Spencer Gillis

Biology Slides and Models

Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum Cnidaria 1. Class Hyrozoa (hydra, obelia) 2. Class Schyphozoa (Aurelia) 3. Class Anthozoa (sea anemone) HydraKingdom Animalia Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa Characteristics: nematocysts (stinging cells), mesoglea, nerve net Hydroid ColonyKingdom Animalia Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa Body plans: medusa (jellyfish), polyp (feeding (need tentacles) and reproductive (see finger)) Sea AnemoneKingdom Animalia Phylum Cnidaria Characteristics: two-way digestive system, nematocysts Kingdom Animalia Phylum Platyhelminthes 1. Class Turbellaria (planaria) 2. Class Trematoda (flukes) 3. Class Cestoda (tapeworm) PlanariaKingdom Animalia Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria Characteristics: mesoderm, flame cells (excretion), first to show cephalization TapewormKingdom Animalia Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Cestoda Characteristics: parasitic, scolex (head region with hooks), proglittids (segments for reproduction) Parapdia function: locomotion, feeding

Spencer Gillis

Biology Slides and Models

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Annelida 1. Class Oligocheta (earthworm) 2. Class Polychaeta (clam worms, sand worms) 3. Class Hirudinea (leeches) EarthwormKingdom Animalia Phylum Annelida Class Oligocheta Characteristics: first to have body cavity, first to have closed circulatory system, first to have one-way digestive system Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca 1. Class Polyplacophora (chitons) 2. Class Gastropoda (snails, slugs, limpets) 3. Class Bivalvia (clams, mussels, oysters, scallops) 4. Class Cephalopoda (squid, octopi) ClamKingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Characteristics: muscular foot, mantle, ciliated gills RadulaKingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Function: feeding Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata 1. Class Asteroidea (sea star) 2. Class Echinoidea (sea urchin, sand dollar) 3. Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)

Spencer Gillis

Biology Slides and Models

Sea StarKingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata Class Asteroidea Characteristics: water vascular system, tube feet, pentaradial symmetry in adults, 2 stomachs (one everts) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda 1. Class Crustacea (crabs, lobsters) 2. Class Arachnidea (spiders, scorpion) 3. Class Insecta (grasshopper, butterfly) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Characteristics: trachea (respiration), malphagian tubules (excretion), internal fertilization, walking and swimming legs, wings, metamorphosis, 3 body regions: head thorax, abdomen Why are they so small? 1. Air tubules: diffusion is not fast enough to get oxygen through body for their activity level 2. Chitinous exoskeleton: too heavy if they are the size of a humans Insect WingKingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Function: flight Mosquito HeadKingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Characteristics: parasitic, carrier of malaria Function: piercing into host s blood stream

Spencer Gillis

Biology Slides and Models

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata 1. Subphylum Cephalochordata (amphioxus) 2. Subphylum Urochordata (tunicates) 3. Subphylum Vertebrata a. Class Agnatha (lampreys, hangfish) b. Class Chonrichthyes (sharks) c. Class Osteichthyes (salmon, trout) i. Ray finned (tuna, salmon) ii. Lobed fin (lungfish) d. Class Amphibia (frog) e. Class Reptilia (turtles, snakes, lizards) f. Class Aves (birds) g. Class Mammalia (Monotremes (platypus), Marsupials (koala), Placental (lions)) AmphioxusKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Cephalochordata Characteristics: notochord, hollow dorsal nerve tube, pharyngeal gill slits, tail Cycloid ScalesKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Osteichthyes Characteristics: swim bladder, operculum, flexible scales Placoid ScalesKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Chrondrichthyes Characteristics: jaws, paired fins, highly developed sensory organs Bird FeatherKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Characteristics: separate pulmonary and systematic systems, they are the fist to have endothermic lifestyle Function: flight, insulation Reptile Bird: Archaeopteryx

Spencer Gillis

Biology Slides and Models

FrogsKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata (vertebrata Class Amphibia Characteristics: first transition from water to land (lobed fin), Eggs must be laid in water (moist for gas exchange, countershading ReptilesKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata (Vertebrata) Class Reptilia Characteristics: gave rise to both birds and mammals, scales, lay shelled amniotic eggs (chorion (gas exchange), yolk sac (nutrients), allantois (storage of wastes and gas exchange), amnion (protection)), ectothermic lifestyle Subphylum VertebrataKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata 95% of Chordates Characteristics: living endoskeleton, large brain protected by skull, advanced nervous system, complex heart, closed circulatory system, 2 pairs of appendages, coelom MammalsKingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata (vertebrata) Class Mammalia Characteristics: hair, sweat and mammary glands, endotherms, fleshy lips, diaphragm, placenta connected by umbilical cord PlantKingdom Plantae Characteristics: chloroplast, cell walls, large vacuoles MushroomKingdom Fungi Class Basidlomycetes Characteristics: caps, gills (reproduction), stalk, mycelium (a lot of hypha, food absorption), saprophytic, reproduce w/ spores, eukaryotic Mushroom GillsKingdom Fungi Class Basidlomycetes Function: reproduction (spores blow in the wind)

Spencer Gillis

Biology Slides and Models

Sac FungusKingdom Fungi Class Ascomycetes Characteristics: ascus produce ascospore LichenKingdom Fungi Division Deuteromycota Characteristics: ascomycetes + cyanobacteria, food for arctic animals, health indicator for environment (first to die) PenicilliumKingdom Fungi Division Deuteromycota Characteristics: produce penicillin to kill bacteria in order to eliminate competition