Chapter 5 Network Addressing

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Objectives

Describe the purpose of an IP address and Subnet Mask and how they are used on the Internet. Describe the types of IP Addresses available. Describe the methods of obtaining an IP Address. Describe the use of NAT on a home or small business network using an Integrated Router.

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Purpose of the IP Address

A host needs an IP address to participate on the Internet. The IP address is a logical network address that identifies a particular host. It must be properly configured and unique in order to communicate with other devices on the Internet. An IP address is assigned to the Network interface connection for a host. This connection is usually a network interface card (NIC) installed in the device. Every packet sent across the Internet has a source and destination IP address. This information is required by networking devices to insure the information gets to the destination and any replies are returned to the source.

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IP Adress Structure

An IP address is simply a series of 32 binary bits (ones and zeros). The 32 bits are grouped into four 8-bit bytes called octets. Each octet is presented as its decimal value, separated by a decimal point or period. The 32-bit IP address is defined with IP version 4 (IPv4) and is currently the most common form of IP address on the Internet.

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IP Adress Structure

Refer: 5.1.2.2; 5.1.2.3

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Parts of an IP Address

The logical 32-bit IP address is hierarchical and is made up of two parts. The first part identifies the network and the second part identifies a host on that network. Both parts are required in an IP address.

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How IP Address and Subnet Mask Interact

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How IP Adresses and Subnet Masks Interact

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IP Adress Classes and Default Subnet Masks

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Public and Private IP Address

All hosts that connect directly to the Internet require a unique public IP address. Because of the finite number of 32-bit addresses available, there is a risk of running out of IP addresses. One solution to this problem was to reserve some private addresses for use exclusively inside an organization. This allows hosts within an organization to communicate with one another without the need of a unique public IP address.

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Public and Private IP Address

Refer: 5.2.2.2

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Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast Address

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Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast Address

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Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast Address

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Static and Dynamic Address Assignment

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Static and Dynamic Address Assignment

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DHCP Servers

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a set of rules for dynamically assigning IP addresses to devices on a network. A DHCP server manages and assigns the IO addresses and ensures that all IP addresses are unique

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Configuring DHCP

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Configuring DHCP

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Network Boundaries and Address Space

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Address Assignment

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Address Assignment

There are several ways hosts can be connected to an ISP and the Internet. Direct Connection Connection Through an Integrated Router Connection Through a Gateway Device

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Netwok Address Translation (NAT)

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Netwok Address Translation (NAT)

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Netwok Address Translation (NAT)

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Netwok Address Translation (NAT)

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Summary

IP addresses are unique 32-bit addresses grouped into four 8-bit bytes called octets. IP addresses use a two-part hierarchical structure of network bits and host bits. IP addresses and subnet masks are used by routers to determine the network location of hosts. IP addresses are grouped into classes according to the number of bits used for designating the network, and further divided into public and private ranges. Private IP addresses must be translated to public IP addresses in order to move through the Internet. IP addresses can be assigned statically or dynamically.

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