PeterChung(pe13 3hk@gmail.

co om)2011

AL CHE EMISTRY EXAM N Y NOTES(IN NORGANIC CHEM MISTRY) SECTION N7Periodic cityPropert tiesoftheE Elements >>P PETERSAns sweringSkil lls<<
[AL2 2010 PII 1(b)] ] Sketc the variation of the first io ch n onisation entha alpy of the elem ments in Period 3 of the Perio Table and account for th variation. d odic d he

Why yI.E.increa aseacrosst theperiod? Gen neralSteps 1. Statethedifference 2. Whatchanges? 3. Reason 4. Therefore 5. Result/Fact t
Why yIEofAl<IE EofMg
Moving across the perio od atomic nu umber increase and electron are added to the same es ns t principal quantum shell q l. The screen ning effect of the added ele f ectrons cannot offset the eff t fect of increase in nuclear ch charge. Outermost shell electro will experi ons ience a larger effective nucl lear charge

I.E.incre easegenera allyacrossth heperiod

Electronic configuration c ns:

1. Statethedifference

2. Howspecia al? 3. Reason 4. Result/Fact t

Why yIEofS<IEofP?
The full-f filled 3s subsh in Mg has extra stability hell y More ener is required to break the stable subshe rgy d ell IE of Mg > IE of Al

1. Statethedifference

Electronic configuration c ns:

2. Howspecia al? 3. Reason 4. Result/Fact t

The half-f filled 3p subsh in P has extra stability hell e More ener is required to break this electronic co rgy d s onfiguration IE of P > IE of S

PeterChung(pe13hk@gmail.com)2011
Account for each of the following: 1. The electron affinity of chlorine is more negative than that of fluorine.

1. Statethedifference 2. Reason =definitionofE.A. 3. Result/Fact

2.

F atom is much smaller than Cl atom. When an electron is added to a F atom, less energy is liberated as energy is needed to compensate the repulsion between the extra electron and the electrons in the outermost shell of the F atom.
E.A. of chlorine is more negative than that of fluorine.

NH3(g) is very soluble in water, but PH3(g) is almost insoluble.

1. Statethedifference

NH3 forms hydrogen bond with water extensively.

The electronegativity of P is very close to that of H. PH3 has a very small dipole moment. 2. Reason =intermolecularforce Its interaction with water is much weaker than the H-bond between water molecules. =v.d.wVSHbond

3. Result/Fact
3.

NH3(g) is very soluble in water, but PH3(g) is almost insoluble.

NaCl(s) has a high melting point, but AlCl3(s) is volatile.

1. Statethedifference 2. Reason =bonding =ionicVSv.d.w. 3. Result/Fact

NaCl(s) is predominately ionic. AlCl3(s) is a covalent compound with ionic character. The attraction between the Na+ and Cl- ions in NaCl(s) is strong. The van der Waals forces between AlCl3 molecules in AlCl3(s) is relatively weak.

NaCl(s) has a high melting point, but AICl3(s) is volatile.