Documentation

we are choosing the stream of JAVA for our MAIN PROJECT because we are very much familiar with the java as we have done courses on that end. We also opting JAVA because of its code understandability and also we can do the programming with much ease.

Java
Introduction
A high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. Java was originally called OAK, and was designed for handheld devices and set-top boxes. Oak was unsuccessful so in 1995 Sun changed the name to Java and modified the language to take advantage of the burgeoning World Wide Web. Java is an object-oriented language similar to C++, but simplified to eliminate language features that cause common programming errors. Java source code files (files with a .java extension) are compiled into a format called bytecode (files with a .class extension), which can then be executed by a Java interpreter. Compiled Java code can run on most computers because Java interpreters and runtime environments, known as Java Virtual Machines (VMs), exist for most operating systems, including UNIX, the Macintosh OS, and Windows. Bytecode can also be converted directly into machine language instructions by a just-in-time compiler (JIT). Java is a general purpose programming language with a number of features that make the language well suited for use on the World Wide Web. Small Java applications are called Java applets and can be downloaded from a Web server and run on your computer by a Javacompatible Web browser, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Compatability
Operating System for Deployment Windows all versions Sun Solaris 8 HP-UX all versions IBM all versions Linux Kernel V2.4.x 32Bit 64Bit Enterprise JavaBean V3.0 Java 2 SDK (JDK 1.3) Oracle WebLogic Server 9.0 (formerly BEA) IBM WebSphere (TM) Oracle Application Server 9i BEA (R) WebLogic (TM) Server

Borland Enterprise Server JBuilder X IBM VisualAge for Java 4 NetBeans IDE 3.x Sun Java Workshop Eclipse V3.3

Advantages of JAVA
Java is simple: Java was designed to be easy to use and is therefore easy to write, compile, debug, and learn than other programming languages. The reason that why Java is much simpler than C++ is because Java uses automatic memory allocation and garbage collection where else C++ requires the programmer to allocate memory and to collect garbage. Java is object-oriented: Java is object-oriented because programming in Java is centered on creating objects, manipulating objects, and making objects work together. This allows you to create modular programs and reusable code. Java is platform-independent: One of the most significant advantages of Java is its ability to move easily from one computer system to another. The ability to run the same program on many different systems is crucial to World Wide Web software, and Java succeeds at this by being platform-independent at both the source and binary levels. Java is distributed: Distributed computing involves several computers on a network working together. Java is designed to make distributed computing easy with the networking capability that is inherently integrated into it. Writing network programs in Java is like sending and receiving data to and from a file. For example, the diagram below shows three programs running on three different systems, communicating with each other to perform a joint task. Java is interpreted: An interpreter is needed in order to run Java programs. The programs are compiled into Java Virtual Machine code called bytecode. The bytecode is machine independent and is able to run on any machine that has a Java interpreter. With Java, the program need only be compiled once, and the bytecode generated by the Java compiler can run on any platform. Java is secure: Java is one of the first programming languages to consider security as part of its design. The Java language, compiler, interpreter, and runtime environment were each developed with security in mind. Java is robust: Robust means reliable and no programming language can really assure reliability. Java puts a lot of emphasis on early checking for possible errors, as Java compilers are able to detect many problems that would first show up during execution time in other languages. Java is multithreaded: Multithreaded is the capability for a program to perform several tasks simultaneously within a program. In Java, multithreaded programming has been smoothly integrated into it, while in other languages, operating system-specific procedures have to be

called in order to enable multithreading. Multithreading is a necessity in visual and network programming.

Disadvantages of JAVA
Performance: Java can be perceived as significantly slower and more memory-consuming than natively compiled languages such as C or C++. Look and feel: The default look and feel of GUI applications written in Java using the Swing toolkit is very different from native applications. It is possible to specify a different look and feel through the pluggable look and feel system of Swing. Single-paradigm language: Java is predominantly a single-paradigm language. However, with the addition of static imports in Java 5.0 the procedural paradigm is better accommodated than in earlier versions of Java.

Market Survey
Usage statistics and market share of Java for websites Java is used by 4.0% of all the websites whose server-side programming language we know. Historical trend: This diagram shows the historical trend in the percentage of websites using Java. Our dedicated trend survey shows more server-side languages usage and market share trends.

Market position: This diagram shows the market position of Java in terms of popularity and traffic compared to the most popular server-side languages. Our dedicated market survey shows more server-side languages market data.

Popular sites using Java

www.Qq.com www.Taobao.com www.Linkedin.com www.Ebay.com www.163.com www.Sohu.com www.Tudou.com www.Ifeng.com www.Aol.com www.Ebay.com

Conclusion
Java has significant advantages not only as a commercial language but also as a teaching language. It allows students to learn object-oriented programming without exposing them to the complexity of C++. It provides the kind of rigorous compile-time error checking typically associated with Pascal. It allows instructors to introduce students to GUI programming, networking, threads, and other important concepts used in modern-day software.

.Net Framework
Introduction
.Net is a new framework for developing web-based and windows-based applications within the Microsoft environment.The framework offers a fundamental shift in Microsoft strategy: it moves application development from client-centric to server-centric. Common Language Runtime (CLR): CLR works like a virtual machine in executing all languages. All .NET languages must obey the rules and standards imposed by CLR. Languages provided by MS: VB, C++, C#, J#, JScript Third-parties are building: APL, COBOL, Pascal, Eiffel, Haskell, ML, Oberon, Perl, Python, Scheme, Smalltalk

Compatibility
Operating System for Deployment Windows all versions 32Bit ASP.NET AJAX (ATLAS) Visual C# .NET Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server Delphi 2006 (10.0) Delphi 8.0 C#Builder .NET Framework 3.5

Advantages
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Less time to produce product Less Complexity. Easily to access complex O.S functions Easily to build Data Oriented Project ; Support huge DB functions. Managed Support Both Windows and Web Application. Easy to create Dynamic sites.

Disadvantages
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Not suitable for High End Application Low performance compare to C,C++. Unavailability of build in methods. .NET framework is free to download but Code Editor is costly. Only few O.S supports .NET.

Market Survey
Usage statistics and market share of ASP.NET for websites.ASP.NET is used by 21.7% of all the websites whose server-side programming language we know. Versions of ASP.NET This diagram shows the percentages of websites using various versions of ASP.NET. How to read the diagram: Version 2 is used by 75.2% of all the websites who use ASP.NET. Version 2 Version 4 Version 1 75.2% 20.4% 4.4%

Version 791423640900000000 less than 0.1% W3Techs.com, 19 January 2012 Percentages of websites using various versions of ASP.NET

Historical trend This diagram shows the historical trend in the percentage of websites using ASP.NET. Our dedicated trend survey shows more server-side languages usage and market share trends.

Market position This diagram shows the market position of ASP.NET in terms of popularity and traffic compared to the most popular server-side languages. Our dedicated market survey shows more server-side languages market data.

Popular sites using ASP.NET

www.Msn.com www.Bing.com www.Microsoft.com www.Conduit.com www.Godaddy.com www.Uol.com.br www.Nytimes.com www.Chinaz.com www.Globo.com www.Secureserver.net

Conclusion
Since its original release in 2002, the .NET Framework has become the foundation for a majority of new Windows applications. Judging from the evidence so far, it has surely been a success for Microsoft and for its customers. While the move to the .NET environment forces developers to climb a long learning curve, the benefits appear to be worth the effort. For the people who use it, this technology qualifies as one more step toward the ultimate goal: producing the best possible software in the least amount of time.

Php
Introduction
"PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly." This is generally a good definition of PHP. However, it does contain a lot of terms you may not be used to. Another way to think of PHP is a powerful, behind the scenes scripting language that your visitors won't see! When someone visits your PHP webpage, your web server processes the PHP code. It then sees which parts it needs to show to visitors(content and pictures) and hides the other stuff(file operations, math calculations, etc.) then translates your PHP into HTML. After the translation into HTML, it sends the webpage to your visitor's web browser.

Server Compatibility
PHP 4 or PHP5 Linux, Unix, Windows IIS, Apache - any server with PHP installed

PHP Compatibility
CodeIgniter Zend Cake Pear

Advantages :
1. Open source 2. Simple and very easy to learn. 3. Support for both structural programming and Object Oriented Programming. Use of variable variables $$var. 4. PHP can be used on all major operating systems, including Linux, many Unix variants (including HP-UX, Solaris and OpenBSD), Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, RISC OS, and probably others. PHP has also support for most of the web servers today. This includes Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Server, Personal Web Server, Netscape and iPlanet servers, Oreilly Website Pro server, Caudium, Xitami, OmniHTTPd, and many others. For the majority of the servers PHP has a module, for the others supporting the CGI standard, PHP can work as a CGI processor. 5. One of the most Sexiest feature of PHP is that it can plugin with most of the databases. It support with Adabas D, dBase, Empress, FilePro (read-only), Hyperwave, IBM DB2, Informix, Ingres, InterBase, rontBase, mSQL, Direct MS-SQL, MySQL, ODBC, Oracle (OCI7 and OCI8), Ovrimos, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Solid Sybase, Velocis and Unix dbm 6. Power ful built in functions. click here to see all php functions

7. PHP also has support services using protocols such as LDAP, IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3, HTTP, COM (on Windows) 8. PHP has extremely useful text processing features, from the POSIX Extended or Perl regular expressions to parsing XML documents. For parsing and accessing XML documents, PHP 5 standardizes all the XML extensions on the solid base of libxml2 and extends the feature set adding SimpleXML and XMLReader support. 9. Easy deployment and cost effective hosting.

Disadvantages :
1. Security flaws due to unknown vulnerabilities . 2. Not good to create desktop Applications

Market Survey
Usage statistics and market share of PHP for websites Request an extensive PHP market report. PHP is used by 77.3% of all the websites whose server-side programming language we know. How to read the diagram: Version 5 is used by 93.9% of all the websites who use PHP. Version 5 Version 4 Version 3 Version 6 93.9% 6.0% less than 0.1% less than 0.1% W3Techs.com, 19 January 2012 Percentages of websites using various versions of PHP

Historical trend This diagram shows the historical trend in the percentage of websites using PHP. Our dedicated trend survey shows more server-side languages usage and market share trends.

Market position This diagram shows the market position of PHP in terms of popularity and traffic compared to the most popular server-side languages. Our dedicated market survey shows more server-side languages market data.

Popular sites using PHP

www.Facebook.com www.Baidu.com www.Wikipedia.org www.Qq.com www.Taobao.com www.Sina.com www.Wordpress.com www.Weibo.com www.163.com www.Soso.com

Conclusion
PHP is a great tool for writing dynamic web pages. Non-technical users can easily learn a few handy tricks to make their web pages easier to manage, and more useful.

ANDROID
Introduction
Android was initially developed by Android Inc. Later acquired by Google to form open Headset alliance . a group of 65 hardware, software, and telecom companies ].Applications for android devices are written in Java language. Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. The Android platform is made available under one of the most progressive, developerfriendly open-source licenses, which gives mobile operators and device manufacturers significant freedom and flexibility to design products. The Alliance has released an early access software development kit to provide developers with the tools necessary to create innovative and compelling applications for the platform.

Features:
Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional) SQLite for structured data storage Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) GSM Telephony (hardware dependent) Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent) Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent) Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE

ANDROID Architecture:
The following diagram shows the major components of the Android operating system. Each section is described in more detail below.

Compatability:
Windows XP (32-bit), Vista (32- or 64-bit), or Windows 7 (32- or 64-bit) SMART PHONES TABLETS MACHINTOSH Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later (x86 only) Linux (tested on Ubuntu Linux, Lucid Lynx) GNU C Library (glibc) 2.7 or later is required. ECLIPSE IDE JDK 5 OR JDK 6 APACHE ANT

Advantages:
1) They are root-able. The iPhones are too but Apple seems to spend more time and money on stopping the rooters than they do on innovation. The Apple terminology for rooting is called jailbreaking. I think EVERY single iPhone update has disabled the jailbreak of the phone in the process. That really ticks me off. 2) The Android platform is open-source. This means instead of just 1 company working on the code, an unlimited number of people are able to do so. This has many advantages. First of all, open sourced software tends to be more secure than proprietary software because thousands of eyeballs are pouring over the code every day. Holes in the software are quickly found and patched. Second, since it is open source, there is no Big Brother lurking around and seeing if the developers are being more creative than Big Brother himself. Creativity is encouraged not squashed. Right now, I am running the bleeding edge version of Android on my mytouch 3g. It is version 2.1. The official t-mobile version is 1.6. But because I have rooted my phone and the OS is open-sourced, I can stay as up to date as I want. In fact, I load a new ROM on my phone at least once a week. You could say Im addicted to the bleeding edge. 3) There are way FEWER App store shenanigans. This is what turned me away from the iPhone for at least the foreseeable future. It happened when Apple banned all apps using Google Voice. They said it was because it caused an overlap of services and people would get confused. Its all a bunch of hooey. They didnt allow Google Voice apps for the iPod. That would NOT have overlapped any services. And they HAVE approved many apps that allow VOIP, even over the 3g networks. They banned the Google Voice apps because they are mad at Google plain and simple. It had nothing to do with what is best for the customer. All I can say is Wow. 4) App Freedom. Android apps are allowed to do whatever they want, like an app running on a real computer. For security reasons, they have to get approval from the user at installation time for the things they will be doing like say accessing the internet or reading the state of the phone. Apple apps, on the other hand, are tightly restricted. Apple Apps are not allowed to communicate with each other for any reason. Apples Apps are not allowed to run in the background. Android apps can do both of these things. The Android platform is NOT the prettiest platform, Or the slickest. Its missing a little bit here and there. But that apps can do almost anything! Copy and paste was in the OS from day one. My twitter app (seesmic) can open a link to a web page and still stay running. The possibilities are endless.

Disadvantages:
Android Linux-based system, so as to modify Android, the user must know the commands on the Linux system, and should log on as administrator. Not only is the installation of Program, each phone has a different way. The lack of compatibility all users of Android phones, we must learn again if Android phones to replace with other brands. Even to show any recovery mode, an Android phone has a different way. So in conclusion, if you are a person who likes to tinker with the phone, then you should not use mobile phones for Android.

Market Survey:
According to a report by comScore, the Google Android smartphone platform had the highest market share with 46.9 percent. The report further showed that Samsung is the largest smartphone maker in the US with 25.6 percent of the market share. HISTORICAL TRENDS:

Market position: This diagram shows the market position of ANDROID in terms of popularity and traffic compared to the most popular I OS, RIM,OTHERS. Our dedicated market survey shows more relation about the android in current market.

Conclusion:
Android is an open source and also platform independent frame work.It is giving a high competition on for apple mobiles by generating lakhs and lakhs of apps. Its frame work is very easy to learn and very easy to code.

Apple I-Phone
Introduction:
iOS is the operating system at the heart of iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad devices.The iOS platform was built using the knowledge that went into the creation of Mac OS X, and many of the tools and technologies used for development on the platform have their roots in Mac OS X as well. Despite its similarities to Mac OS X, iOS does not require experience developing Mac OS X applications. The iOS Software Development Kit (SDK) provides everything you need to get started creating iOS applications. Objective-C language is used to develop apple operating system and applications .The Objective-C language is a simple computer language designed to enable sophisticated objectoriented programming. Objective-C is defined as a small but powerful set of extensions to the standard ANSI C language. Its additions to C are mostly based on Smalltalk, one of the first object-oriented programming languages. Objective-C is designed to give C full object-oriented programming capabilities, and to do so in a simple and straightforward way. Most object-oriented development environments consist of several parts:

An object-oriented programming language A library of objects A suite of development tools A runtime environment

Compatibility
ARM IPHONE IPAD IPOD TOUCH MAC OS X 2ND GEN APPLE TV COCOA TOUCH(MULTI-TOUCH,GUI) INTERFACE Apple iPhone 3G, 3GS, 4 (2.x or higher OS) Apple iPod Touch (2.x or higher OS) Apple iOS 4.3 and above

Features
Screen size: 3.5 in (89 mm) Screen resolution: 480320 pixels at 163 ppi, with 3:2 aspect ratio

Input devices: Multi-touch screen interface plus a "Home" button and located on the top of the iPhone. Built-in rechargeable, non-removable battery 2 megapixel camera Location finding by detection of cell towers and Wi-Fi networks Samsung S5L8900 (412 MHz ARM 1176 processor, PowerVR MBX 3D processor) Memory: 128 MB DRAM Storage: 8 GB or 16 GB flash memory Operating System: iPhone OS Quad band GSM / GPRS / EDGE: GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 Wi-Fi (802.11b/g) Bluetooth 2.0 with EDR 20Hz to 20kHz frequency response (both internal and headset)

"Sleep/Wake"

graphics co-

ADVANTAGES:

Multitasking: Run all your favorite apps and switch between them instantly AirPrint : Wireless Print option for your Photos and Docs Folders : Easily organize apps. Drag and group your apps into a folder AirPlay: Wirelessly stream videos, music, and photos from iPad to the new Apple TV Game Center : Social Gaming. Multiplayer gaming with your friends All in one Mail Box : messages from all your accounts in a unified inbox.

DISADVANTAGES:

Flaky performance over WiFi Incompatibility with the simulator of iOS 4.2 SDK and Acapela TTS for iPhone and iPad 1.102 Safari still returns Old cache when we press back button Its not a disadvantage. But to customers its very difficult jailbreak iOS 4.2

Market Survey:
Market share for Objective-C for this month is nearly 6.92% it had been slightly more than 3% n January 2012, according to the Tiobe Programming Community index for January "The major cause of this is the continuing success of the iPhone and the iPad, which both are mainly implemented in Objective-C,"

HISTORICAL TRENDS:

MARKET POSITION:

Conclusion:
Objective-C is an object-oriented extension to the C language. It is C witha small number of extensions.Although the differences can fade into shades of grey, Objective-C isdifferent from C++. C++ is traditionally associated with the Simula 67 school of object-oriented programming where Objective-C has SmallTalk roots. In C++,the static type of an object determines whether it can receive a message. InObjective-C the dynamic type of an object determines whether it can receive amessage. The Simula 67 format is more structured and allows problems to bedetected earlier when a program is compiled. The Smalltalk approach delays it'styping until runtime and is touted as a more flexible alternative.