TERM PAPER OF

CSE
TOPIC:- PERIODIC TABLE
SUBMITTED TO:
VASUDHA RANCHAL
ASSISTANT LECTURER

SUBMITTED BY:
HARSAVROOP SINGH
ROLL NO:-RK2106 B46

LPU

SECTION:-K2106 REGD NO.:-11103157

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is not until you undertake the project like this one that you realize how massive the effort it really is, or how much you must rely upon the Selfless efforts and goodwill of others. There are many who helped us with this project, and we want to thank them all from the core of our Hearts.

We owe special words of thanks to our Teachers MS .VASUDHA RANCHAL for their vision, thoughtful counseling and encouragement at every step of the project. We are also thankful to the teachers of the Department for giving us the best of knowledge and guidance throughout the project.

And last but not the least, we find no words to acknowledge the financial assistance & moral support rendered by our parents in making the effort a success. All this has become reality because of their blessings and above all by the grace of god.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No Content 1 INTRODUCTION 2 3 4 5 6 7 Proposed system

(a) Description (b) System Requirements

Requirement analysis System Design Source code Testing Future scope of project

OVERVIEW TO C HISTORY OF C:
C is a popular general purpose programming language. It is one of the most popular computer languages today, because it is a structured, high level, machine independent language. The root of all modern language is ALGOL, introduced in early 1960s. ALGOL was the 1st computer language to use a block structure. Subsequently, several other languages were announced after 1960s. In 1967, Martin Richard developed a language called BCPL i.e. basic combined programming language mainly for writing system software. In 1970, Ken Thompson created a language using many features of BCPL and called it simply B. B was used to create early version of UNIX operating system. C was evolved from ALGOL, BCPL, and B by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Laboratories in 1972, strongly associated with UNIX. During 1970s, C had evolved into the TRADITIONAL C. With the publication of the book The C Programming language by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie in 1978, it becomes more powerful. In 1983, American National Standards Institutes (ANSI) appointed a technical committee to define a standard for C. The committee approved a version of C in December 1989, which is now known as ANSI C. It was then approved by International Standard Organization (ISO) in 1990.

IMPORTANCE OF C:
The increasing popularity of C is probably due to its many desirable qualities. The C compiler combines the capabilities of an assembly language with the features of a high level language and therefore it is well suited for writing both system software and business packages. In fact many of the C compilers available in the market are written in C. Programs written in C are efficient and fast. This is due to its variety of data types and powerful operators. It is many times faster than BASIC. There are only 32 key words in ANSI C and its strength lies in its built in functions. C is highly portable; this means that C programs written for one computer can be run on another with little or no modifications. C language is well suited for structured programming, thus requiring the user to think of a problem in terms of function modules or blocks. This modular structure makes program debugging, testing and maintenance easier. Another important feature of C is its ability to extend itself. We can continuously add our own functions to C library, thus our programming task becomes so easier and simple.

INTRODUCTION:

We have discussed so far various features of C language and are ready to write and execute program of modest complexity. However, before attempting to develop complex programs, it is worthwhile to consider some programming techniques that would help design efficient and error free. The program development process includes three important stages, namely, program design, program coding and program testing. All the three stages contribute to the production of high quality program. In PERIODIC TABLE we have done system design, source coding, and program testing and added many more features to facilitate the user with the best. We have given the user the facility to enter the Students record and see whether the user is provided with the complete information. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the drawbacks of the existing system. Less human error Strength and strain of registers and papers can be reduced High security Data consistency Easy to handle Easy data updating Easy record keeping Backup data can be easily generated

INTRODUCTION OF PROGRAM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

: We can make this Student record management system in C language by using three or more than three header files or many data types such as #include<stdio.h> : this header file will contain Scanf() , Printf () And, there are many header files which are used in this program.. . #include<conio.h>: this header file will contain Clrscr(); , Getch(); ,

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Operating System: RAM: HARD DISK Processor Compiler

Windows 2000/NT/Xp/Vista/7 256 MB or more 40 GB or more P3 or High Standard C Compiler Dos box

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
THE OPERATING SYSTEM USED IN THIS PROJECT IS WINDOWS 7 IT HAS MICROSOFT OFFICE INSTALLED IN IT. IT HAS RAM OF 4GB. HARD DISK CAPACITY OF OPERATING SYSTEM IS 500GB. IT CONSISTS OF i5 PROCESSOR.THE OPEREATING SYSTEM ALSO HAS dos box COMPILER. THE SYSTEM ALSO HAS TYPE CONVERSIONS WHICH CONVERT LOWER TO UPPER TYPE. THE OPERATING SYSTEM HAVE 1GB RAM FOR MICROSOFT WORLD.

SOURCE CODE
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int gpn,atm,prdnm,i,a[]={5,13,31,49,81},b[]={6,14,32,50,83},c[]={7,15, 33,51,83},d[]={8,16,34,52,84},e[]={9,17,35,53,85},f[]={2,10,18,36,5 4,86}; int *fe,*ae,*be,*ce,*de,*ee; char ch; clrscr(); ae=&a[0]; be=&b[0]; ce=&c[0]; de=&d[0]; ee=&e[0]; fe=&f[0]; printf("\n\t*********************************************** **"); printf("\n\t* PERODIC TABLE *");

printf("\n\t*********************************************** **\n\n");

printf("\n\t\t\t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"); printf("\n\t\t\t| printf("\n\t\t\t| P block printf("\n\t\t\t| |"); |"); |");

printf("\n\t\t\t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n\n"); z: ; { printf("\n\t # Enter the atomic number = "); scanf("%d",&atm); if(atm>=5&&atm<=10) { printf("\n\t# period = 2"); } else if(atm>=13&&atm<=18) { printf("\n\t # period =3"); } else if(atm>=31&&atm<=36) { printf("\n\t # period =4"); } else if(atm>=49&&atm<=54)

{ printf("\n\t # period =5"); } else if(atm>=81&&atm<=86) { printf("\n\t # period =6"); } else { printf("\n\t\t!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"); printf("\n \t\t\tELEMENT NOT IN THIS BLOCK"); } { for(i=0;i<=4;i++) {if(*(ae+i)==atm) { gpn=13; printf("\n \t\t\tBORON family"); printf("\n\t\t# group number=13"); }}} {for(i=0;i<=4;i++) {if(*(be+i)==atm){

gpn=14; printf("\n\t\t CARBON family"); printf("\n\t\t# group number=14"); }}}{ for(i=0;i<=4;i++) { if(*(ce+i)==atm){ gpn=15; printf("\n\t\t NITROGEN family or pnicogen"); printf("\n\t\t# group number=15"); }}}{ for(i=0;i<=4;i++) {if(*(de+i)==atm){ gpn=16; printf("\n\t\t OXYGEN family"); printf("\n\t\t# group number=16"); }}} { for(i=0;i<=4;i++) { if(*(ee+i)==atm) { gpn=17;

printf("\n\t\t HALOGEN family"); printf("\n\t\t# group number=17"); } }} { for(i=0;i<=5;i++) { if(*(fe+i)==atm) { gpn=18; printf("\n\t\t NOBLE gases"); printf("\n\t\t# group number =18"); } }} switch(gpn){ case 13: if (atm==5) { printf("\n\t\t # element name= boron"); printf("\n \t\t# element symbol=b"); printf("\n \t\t# semimetal in nature"); } else if(atm==13){

printf("\n\t\t# element name= aluminum"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= al"); printf("\n\t\t# non metel in nature"); } else if(atm==31) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= gallium"); printf("\n\t\t# elemant symbol= ga"); printf("\n\t\t# poor metal in nature"); } else if(atm==49) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= indium"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= In"); printf("\n\t\t# poor metal in nature"); } else if(atm==81) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= thalium"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Tl"); printf("\n\t\t# poor metal in nature"); }else

{ printf(" \n\t\t# elemet not in this group "); } goto y; case 14: if(atm==6) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= carbon"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= C"); printf("\n\t\t# nometal in nature"); } else if(atm==14) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= silicon"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Si"); printf("\n\t\t# semi metal in nature"); } else if(atm==32) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= germanium"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Ge"); printf("\n\t\t# semi metal in nature"); } else if(atm==50) {

printf("\n\t\t# element name= tin"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Sn"); printf("\n\t\t# poor metal in nature"); } { printf("\n\t\t# element name= lead"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Pb"); printf("\n\t\t# poor metal in nature"); } else { printf("\n\t\t# element not in this group"); } goto y; case 15: if(atm==7) { printf("\n \t\t# element name= nitrogen"); printf("\n \t\t# element symbol=N"); printf("\n \t\t# non metal in nature"); } else if(atm==33) { else if(atm==82)

printf("\n\t\t# element name= arsenic"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= As"); printf("\n\t\t# metaloid in nature"); } else if(atm==15) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= phosphorus"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= P"); printf("\n\t\t# non metal in nature"); } else if(atm==51) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= Antimony"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Sb"); printf("\n\t\t# metaloid in nature"); } else if(atm==83) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= Bismuth"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= BI"); printf("\n\t\t# poor metal in nature"); }

else { printf("\n\t\t# element not in this group"); }goto y; case 16: if(atm==8) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= Oxygen"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol=O"); printf("\n\t\t# non metal in nature"); } else if(atm==16) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= SULPHUR"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= S"); printf("\n\t\t# non metal in nature"); } else if(atm==34) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= Selenium"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Se"); printf("\n\t\t# non metal in nature");

} else if(atm==52) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= tellunium"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Te"); printf("\n\t\t3 metaloid in nature"); } else if(atm==84) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= polonium"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= Po"); printf("\n\t\t# radioactive in nature"); } else { printf("\n\t\t# element not in this group"); }goto y; case 17: if(atm==9) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= flourine"); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= F");

printf("\n\t\t# highly reactive in nature"); } else if(atm==17) { printf("\n\t\t# element name= chlorine "); printf("\n\t\t# element symbol= cl"); printf("\n\t\t# gas in nature"); } else if(atm==35) { printf("\n\t\ element name= bromine"); printf("\n element symbol= br"); printf("\n liquid in nature"); } else if(atm==53) { printf("\n element name= iodine"); printf("\n element symbol= I"); printf("\n solid in nature"); } else if(atm==85) { printf("\n element name= astatine"); printf("\n element symbol= AT"); printf("\n radioactive innature");

} else { printf("\n not in this group "); } goto y; case 18: if(atm==2) { printf("\n element name= helium"); printf("\n element symbol= He"); printf("\n inert in nature"); } else if(atm==10) { printf("\n element name= neon "); printf("\n element symbol= Ne"); printf("\n inert in nature"); } else if(atm==18) { printf("\n element name= argon"); printf("\n element symbol= Ar");

printf("\n inert in nature"); } else if(atm==36) { printf("\n element name= krypton"); printf("\n element symbol= Kr"); printf("\n inert in nature"); } else if(atm==54) { printf("\n element name= xenon"); printf("\n element symbol= Xe"); printf("\n inert innature"); } else if(atm==86) { printf("\n element name= radon"); printf("\n element symbol= Rn"); printf("\n inert innature"); }else { printf("\n not in this group ");

}goto y; default: printf("\n\t\t\t wrong choice entered"); y: ; printf("\n\n\tdo u want to continue....\n\n\ty-yes\n\n\tn->no\n \t\tenter (y or n):"); scanf("%s",&ch);

if(ch=='y') goto z; else break;} getch();}}

VARIABLES USED:Gpn :- group number Atm:- atomic number Ch:- character variable A,b,c,d,e,f:-array variable for storing values of different atomic numbers in different periods Ae,be,ce,de,fe:-pointer variables storing momery address of upper vairables

REFERENCE:BOOKS LET US C BY YASHWANT KANETKAR INTERNET WIKIPEDIA TEACHER->MISS VASUDHA RANCHAL