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One-way ANOVA Multiple comparison tests (DR SEE KIN HAI)

1. If you want to compare more than 2 groups of means of an independent variable use 1-way ANOVA 2. Basic procedure: To get 2 different estimates (between-groups variance a measure of the effect of the independent variable combined with error variance; within-groups variance a measure of error variance; variability of scores around the mean of a variable) of population variance from the data and calculate a statistics from the ratio of the 2 estimates F-ratio = btw gp var / within gp var. 3. If F-value is significant = population means are different so null hypothesis (all means are equal) is rejected. To locate where the sig differences lie use post-hoc analysis. 4. Post-hoc analysis go through data hunting for whatever sig might be there preventing Type 1 errors (Ho is true but rejected). Scheffe test allows you to perform every possible comparison but is tough on rejecting Ho. Tukeys Honesty Sig Diff (HSD) test is more lenient but restricted to types of comparison. 5. Example: If you want to compare the the effects of using 3 different treatments (different Hormones/ teaching methods) on 3 different groups of students with their scores (Depression) as shown in Table 23.1 below use 1-way ANOVA multiple comparison tests. Group 1 (Hormone 1), Group 2 (Hormone 2), Group 3 (control)

Treatment groups

3. Select [ Analyze] then [Compare Means] then [One-Way ANOVA..] Students scores

Academic scores

Treatment Groups

As your p < 0.05 level so 3 Groups are sig different

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At p < 0.05, using Tukey test, Group 1 is sig different from Group 2 and Group 3

Here, Group 2 and Group 3 are in the same subset group, so no sig different btw them but both Groups are sig diff with Group 1

F1 ,2 = 10.59 where 1 = df in numerator, 2 = df in denominator

COURSEWORK You, as a teacher wanted to investigate the effectiveness of using 3 different teaching methods (Method 1,2,and 3) on students academic achievement (on any subject). And also you wanted to find out which Teaching Method is the most favorable to the students. A quasi-experimental research design has been chosen for this study. By using the intact classes, you have divided the students into three Groups (A, B, C). You have administered a pretest to all the 3 groups. Group A were taught using teaching method 1, Group B with method 2 and Group C with method 3. After few weeks, all the 3 groups sat for the posttest and the scores for the posttest are shown in the Table below.

Table shows the posttest scores results for the Group A Group B Student Method Scores Student 1 1 60 1 2 1 65 2 3 1 55 3

three Groups Method 2 2 2 Scores 70 72 85

5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Group C Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Method 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 50 58 62 68 70 52 62 Scores 80 82 80 90 92 98 95 90 95 90 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 84 82 78 88 74 80 76

Note: To deal with the Pretest see next Lecture on ANCOVA. Tips will be given in the class lecture