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12 Hunger, Eating, and Health

Know the basic process and purpose of eating & digestion Energy storage in the body: know the forms of energy that are delivered to the system & the forms of storage, which form is most common & why, and where the different types of energy are stored in the body. Know what energy metabolism is, the 3 stages, and what occurs during each stage. Know the pancreatic hormones that are important, when they are high & low in relation to the 3 stages, and what they do. Know the following terms & their relationship to this topic: gluconeogenesis, free fatty acids, & ketones.

Know and be able to explain the theories of hunger and eating: Set points vs Positive incentives. Be able to discuss glucostatic & lipostatic theories in relation to set points, the problems with set point theory, and strengths of the positive-incentive perspective.

Know and be able to explain the different factors that determine WHAT we eat Know and be able to explain the different factors that influence WHEN we eat Know and be able to explain the different factors that influence HOW MUCH we eat. Know and be able to explain the following related terms: satiety, satiety signals, nutritive density, sham eating, appetizer effect, sensory-specific satiety. Know the results of studies of sensory-specific satiety.

Know and be able to discuss the 5 prominent lines of research on hunger & satiety: Role of blood glucose levels

Myth of hypothalamic centers: which areas were identified? When lesioned in rodents, which area is associated with hyperphagia? aphagia and adipsia? (Know what these terms mean!). Why is it considered a myth that these are hunger & satiety areas? What is the most supported role for the hypothalamus for eating/hunger? Role of the GI tract: How did Washburn & Cannon study the role of the GI tract & what were their conclusions? What other evidence is there regarding the stomach & GI tract, and what conclusions are drawn from this evidence? How are these studies related to the research on hunger & satiety peptides? Hunger and satiety peptides: what are examples of hunger & satiety peptides? How are they related to the hypothalamus (synthesis & receptors)? What conclusions have been made about these peptides & the control of hunger/satiety?

Serotonin and satiety: what effects are seen in rats & humans? What are the symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome? What is known about etiology (cause) of this disorder? Body weight regulation: What assumptions are associated with set points, & what are the problems with these assumptions? What is the settling point model? Know and be able to explain the leaky barrel analogy of this model. How does this model account for facts about weight regulation?

Obesity: Know the different causes, mechanisms, & treatments. (Text 12.6)

Anorexia & bulimia: Know the definitions, diagnostic criteria, associated characteristics, and the evidence for roles of dopamine and serotonin.