Optical Properties of Compressed LiF

0.50 0.48 0.46 n1 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.0 0.1 0.2
LorentzLorenz GladstoneDale Drude Modified GladstoneDale Wise and Chhabildas

0.3

0.4

Compression strain

D. E. Fratanduono University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics

Omega Laser Facility Users Group Workshop Rochester, NY 29 April 1 May 2009

Summary

Goal is to measure refractive index of compressed LiF

Accuracy of shock compressed and isentropically compressed LiF refractive index to pressures above ~1 Mbar has not been validated important for the accuracy of VISAR measurements New techniques to examine the refractive index under shock compression ramp compression Proof-of-principle experiments using the Janus Laser Facility have been conducted and correlated with existing data Shots have been allocated for future experiments

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VISAR velocity corrections for LiF windows

Diamond

LiF
VISAR

Doppler shift of reflected light is manifested as a fringe shift in VISAR Fringe phase is proportional to the optical path Under compression (tc) refractive index can change

tc

t0

Reflecting surface
x ] t g = - d < # r n^xl, th dxlF V* dt x ] t g

Free surface

This correction may not be constant

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For linear window materials n = a + bt g V *] t g + ]a - 1 VFS ] t g ]t g = V a

Measurements of the LiF index are extrapolated to higher velocities

LiF refractive index as a function of density Refractive index (n) 1.48 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.40 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 Density (g/cm3) 4.6
Wise and Chhabildas Linear fit

Shocked LiF has been studied up to ~1.0 Mbar (4.2 g/cm3) VISAR experiments use LiF windows for pressures up to 5 Mbar Linear extrapolation is used for higher pressures and density

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Methods to study the LiF refractive index

*Compression t/t 0

8 Temperature (1000 K)

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3 Two methods of study shock compression ramp compression Each method makes it possible to study different regions of phase space

Aluminum

Hugoniot Multiple shock

4
fcc hcp bcc

Isentrope

2 Pressure (Mbar)

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*K. T. Lorenz et al., High Energy Density Phys. 2, 113 (2006).

Proof-of-principle experiments were conducted to measure the refractive index of shock-compressed LiF
Polyimide Al LiF Flyer plate velocity (Uf) 5 Velocity (km/s) 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 Apparent particle velocity (Up*) 30 40 50 VISAR record

~300 J, 4 ns 1-mm spot

Ramp loading

Flyer Uf

VISAR

Polyimide Ramp loading

LiF Up*

~300 J, 4 ns 1-mm spot

VISAR

Time (ns) The apparent particle velocity (Up*) measured by VISAR is not an accurate measurement of the particle velocity caused by the LiF refractive index (n).
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Experiments were performed by J. Eggert and R. Smith at the Janus Laser Facility.

LiF collision analysis to recover the absolute particle velocity (Up)

Collision analysis in the P, U plane 1.0 Pressure (Mbar) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 1 2 3
LiF Hugoniot Al Hugoniot

Absolute particle velocity deduced from flyer plate velocity and EOS of materials

Comparison of the absolute and apparent LiF particle velocity (Up) particle velocity determines the refractive Flyer plate index correction velocity (Uf) Correction factor: Up* Do = +1 Up o0 Refractive index: Up Us Do n = n0 - d1 + o n Us - Up 0 Us - Up

Velocity (km/s)

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D. R. Hardesty, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 1994 (1976).

Comparison of proof-of-principle experiments with Wise and Chhabildas gas-gun data

1.60 Refractive index (n) 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.30

LiF refractive index as a function of density

Wise and Chhabildas Linear fit Experimental data

Correlation between Janus experiments and gas gun Extend these shock experiments to higher pressures Expect the refractive index of shocked and ramp compressed LiF to differ Develop techniques to study ramp compressed LiF

3.0

3.4 3.8 4.2 Density (g/cm3)

4.6

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Isentropic compression is a gentle continuous compression of material

Characteristics of piston/gas* Sound speed in a material increases with compression Subsequent compression waves to travel faster than predecessors These waves can coalesce, forming a shock Design a laser drive that maximizes the applied pressure without forming shock dP C L dP < dt x0 dC L
2

Piston

C+ Gas at rest x 0 C0 : x = C+: t = c0 + t0 t + C0 x

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*R. Courant and K. O. Friedrichs, Supersonic Flow and Shock Waves, Corr. 5th print, Applied Mathematical Sciences, v. 21 (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999).

LiF ramp compression target design

Free surface velocity Diamond OMEGA EP VISAR

Diamond ablator allows ramp compression to reach high pressure (~5 Mbar) in a short period of time (~10 ns) Target design makes it possible to measure both the apparent particle velocity and the free surface velocity simultaneously A direct comparison of the free surface velocity and the apparent particle velocity cannot be made Backward integration to the loading surface enables the determination of the LiF refractive index

LiF
Apparent particle velocity

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Backward integration to recover the LiF refractive index

14 12 Time (ns) 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 25 Diamond LiF 125 Diamond/LiF characteristics VISAR record contains the velocity boundary conditions Using the EOS of LiF and diamond can backward integrate to the loading surface Comparison of the backwardintegrated free surface velocity and apparent particle velocity makes it possible to recover the refractive index of LiF Experiments are planned for the week of 22 June 2009

50 75 100 Distance (nm)

Boundary conditions Free surface Interface

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PDiamond = 0 PDiamond = PLiF Up Diamond = Up LiF

Summary/Conclusions

Goal is to measure refractive index of compressed LiF

Accuracy of shock compressed and isentropically compressed LiF refractive index to pressures above ~1 Mbar has not been validated important for the accuracy of VISAR measurements New techniques to examine the refractive index under shock compression ramp compression Proof-of-principle experiments using the Janus Laser Facility have been conducted and correlated with existing data Shots have been allocated for future experiments

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