STATUS OF SEED INDUSTRY IN

PAKISTAN
BY
DR. AKHLAQ HUSSAIN
akhlaq7@hotm ail.com

March 08-2011
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION
AGRICULTURE AND WATER IN PAKISTAN
Updated on 06-03-2011

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SEED INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN

1947-1961 No independent seed production and distribution system

1961 F&A Commission - West Pakistan Agricultural Development Corporation

(WPADC) was created for procurement and distribution of seeds

1972 - WPADC dissolved

Provincial Govt. - Seed production, multiplication, procurement and distribution

Seed Act, 1976

Government of Pakistan initiated Seed Industry Development Project on the

recommendation of World Bank Appraisal Missions Report (23 Million $) which
provided legislative support through Seed Act, 1976

This enactment provided regulatory mechanism for controlling and regulating the
quality seed through setting up of necessary institutional infrastructure;

National Seed Council (NSC)/ Provincial Seed Councils

*Federal Seed Certification Agency (FSCA) & *National Seed Registration Agency
(NSRA)
*FSCA & NSRA were merged together as Federal Seed Certification & Registration
Department (FSC&RD) in 1997 for austerity measures
2

Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock

(MINFAL) Islamabad

National Seed Council (NSC)

PrSC
Punjab

PrSC
Sindh

PSC

PrSC
PSC
SSC
DOA
FSC&RD

SSC

=
=
=
=
=

PrSC
NWFP

DOA

PrSC
Balochistan

FSC&RD
Islamabad

DOA

Provincial Seed Council

Punjab Seed Corporation
Sindh Seed Corporation
Department of Agriculture
Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department, Islamabad
3

FUNCTIONS OF FSC&RD
(Section 6 of Seed Act, 1976)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Controlling the quality of seeds

Registering growers in such manner and subject to such condition as may
be prescribed
Certification of seeds
Field inspection of the crops of registered varieties and released varieties
intended for sale as basic seed or certified seed
Sampling and testing of seed lots intended for sale in order to as certain
their purity, viability, germination capacity and health status in the
prescribed manner
Issuing certificates in respect of seed which meet the prescribed standards
of particular category of seeds
carrying out post-control trials on pre-basic, basic and certified seeds
Sampling and analyzing seed lots delivered to the processing plants to
establish a basis for the purchase of such lots
Arranging training courses for Seed Certification Officer and
Providing technical and specialist advices and assistance to the National
Seed Council in the performance of its functions
(Continued)
4

FUNCTIONS OF FSC&RD
(Section 8 of Seed Act, 1976)

11. Conduct pre-registration checking of varieties submitted for the

purpose of:

determining suitability for registration as a variety

providing definitive botanical description of crop varieties and

providing information on genetic suitability and adaptability of

varieties

register seed varieties after conducting pre-registration checking

under clause (i)

publish a list of registered seed varieties and

perform such other functions as the National Seed Council may

entrust to it

FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL SEED COUNCIL (NSC)

1. Advice on policy for development, operation and regulation of provincial
seed industry
2. Direct initiation of provincial seed projects
3. Protect/ensure investment in seed industry, approve/ sanction seed
standards, regulate inter-provincial seed movement, advice on seed
imports
FUNCTIONS OF PROVINCIAL SEED COUNCIL (PSC)
1. Advice on policy for development, operation and regulation of provincial
seed industry
2. Recommend changes in seed law, advice on seed standards and quality
control, advice on maintenance, multiplication, supply of pure and
healthy seeds of new varieties, advice on development of seed
production farms, recommend and preparation of selected new
varieties, recommend or withdrawal of certain deteriorated varieties

REGISTRATION OF SEED COMPANIES

(Economic Coordination Committee 31-12-1979)

An Inter-ministerial Working Group has been constituted
that is responsible for evaluating the proposals and
registration/ deregistration of new seed companies in all the
provinces of the country.
The Working Group Comprises of the Following:
. Agriculture Development Commissioner (ADC), MinFA (CM)
. Secretary, Agriculture of each province.
. Secretary Agriculture, AJK
. Chief Food & Agriculture- Planning Division
. Managing Directors, Punjab & Sindh Seed Corporations.
. Director General, Federal Seed Certification & Registration
Department.
7

FIELD/REGIONAL LABORATORIES SETUP OF FSC & RD,

DIRECTOR GENERAL
ISLAMABAD
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
PUNJAB
Deputy Director
Seed Cert. Officer/
Seed Analyst

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Lahore.
Bahawalpur.
Bahawalnagar.
Bhakkar.
D.G.Khan.
Faisalabad.
Gujranwala.
Khanewal.
Multan.
R.Y.Khan.
Sahiwal.
Sargodha.
T.T.Singh.
Vehari.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

REGIONAL DIRECTOR
BALOCHISTAN & SINDH

REGIONAL DIRECTOR
KPK

Deputy Director

Deputy Director

Seed Cert. Officer/

Seed Analyst

Seed Cert. Officer/

Seed Analyst

Hyderabad.
Karachi.
Larkana.
Mirpur Khas.
Sakrand.
Sukkur.

1. Quetta
2. Dera
Allahyar
.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Peshawar.
Abbotabad.
D.I.Khan.
Mingora
(Swat)

1. Gilgit-Baltistan

Total No. of Labs. 28

27 (Field)
01 (Hqr.)

Seed Cert. Officer/

Seed Analyst
8

SEED SECTORS AND SEED & PLANTING MATERIAL

(Conventional, Hybrid, Transgenic seeds)
Seed
Sectors

Categories

Crops/Seeds

Formal
Sector

Public Sector

Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Rice, Gram, Vegetables,

Fruit and Nursery Plants

Private Sector
a.

National
Companies

Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Rice, Gram, Vegetables,

Fruits and Nursery Plants

b.

Multi
Nationals

Hybrid Maize, Sunflower, Fodder and Forages

c.

Seed
Importers

Maize, Sunflower, Fodder and Forages, Potato

and Vegetables

Informal
Sector

Farmers Own
Source

Wheat, Cotton, Rice etc.

9

SEED GENERATION SYSTEM

CATEGORIES/ CLASSES/ PRODUCTION/ IDENTIFICATION OF SEEDS
Category
/Class

Agency Involved

Identification

Breeder
Nucleus Seed
(BNS)

The purest seed of a particular variety

prepared by the breeder of a particular
research station/institute

Not certified by FSC&RD so labels are

not issued. Identified by Seed Testing
Report/Certificate

Pre-basic
Seed

Progeny of Breeder/Nucleus Seed (BNS),

highest genetic purity seed produced by the
respective research institutes/breeders

White color labels with diagonal violet

line issued by FSC&RD

Basic Seed

Progeny of pre-basic seed and produced by

an organization set up by the provincial
government

White color labels issued by FSC&RD

Certified
Seed

Progeny of basic seed and is produced with

the registered growers of the seed producing
agencies

Blue color labels issued by FSC&RD

Approved
Seed

Seed true to species as approved by the

FSC&RD

Yellow color labels issued by FSC&RD

Truthfully
Labeled Seed

As imported by the importers under Seed

(Truth in Labeling Rules, 1991) and assurance
of the quality lies on the importers

Pink color labels of importing agency

10

TRADITIONAL VARIETY APPROVAL SYSTEM

Selection of best performing strains by the plant breeder in MicroVarietal Trials (MVTs)
Performance and Adaptability testing through Zonal Varietal trails
(ZVTs)
National Uniform Yield Trials (NUYTs) by concerned National Crop
Coordinator of PCCC for cotton and NARC/PARC (other crops)
Receive application, Spot examination, evaluation for performance,
quality and resistance etc. by Technical Experts Sub-Committees
(TESCs)
TESCs recommend to Provincial Seed Councils (PrSC) for
approval/rejection of the variety
Respective PrSC then Approves the Variety
NSC finally notifies the variety as Released/Approved
Registration of the variety by FSC&RD on the basis of VCU
recommendations by PCCC/PARC and DUS tests for at least two
consecutive seasons/years
11

MINFAL

PARC

PCCC

GERMPLASM

GERMPLASM

ALL CROPS EXCEPT COTTON

ONLY COTTON

BREEDER MAKES CROSSES

SELECTS PROMISING STRAIN
SUB-STATIONS

MICRO VARIETAL TRIALS

ENLIGHTENED

ZONAL VARIETAL TRIALS

BREEDING
STATIONS

GOVT. FARMS

FARMERS

SELECTS PROMISING STRAIN

SUBMITS
2 YRS

PARC

PCCC

FSC&RD

VEC

VEC

DUS

PROVINCIAL SEED COUNCIL

2 YRS

FSRC

APPROVAL & RELEASE

NATIONAL SEED COUNCIL

VARIETY
REGISTRATION

NOTIFICATION

Varieties Released & Registered so far (22-02-2011)

No. of Registered and Released Varieties
Crops

Punjab

Sindh

KPK

Balochistan

Islamabad

PVT

Pakistan

Wheat

54

20

35

--

118

Barley

---

Maize

12

--

---

22

Rice

15

13

---

---

--

34

Cotton

65

21

---

---

96

Sugarcane

12

16

---

--

35

Pulses

39

17

--

66

Oilseeds

17

20

--

54

Fodders

21

---

---

31

Vegetables

33

12

---

--

54

Fruits

--

--

31

--

--

--

31

Total

267

69

159

20

15

19

549

13

SEED LAWS/ RULES IN PAKISTAN

Sr

Title of Seed Act/Rule

Date of
Notification

Seed Act, 1976

1976

Seed (Registration) Rules, 1987

1987

Amendments in Seed (Registration) Rules, 1987

Procedures, Directions and Seed Standards, 1988

Pakistan Fruit Plants Certification Rules, 1998

28-2-1998

Amendment in Pakistan Fruit Plants Certification Rules, 1998

6-5-2003

Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991

12-3-1991

Amendment Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991

19-1-1998

Amendment Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991

12-10-1993

10

Seed Amendment Bill 2009

Under process

11

Plant Breeders Rights Bill - 2009

Under process

5-6-2003
1988

14

SEED (AMMENDMENT) BILL 2009

To broaden scope of regulation business, enhance participation and
investment of private sector in seed industry and safeguard farmers
interest
1. Availability of Pre-basic seed to the private sector
2. Establishing Accredited Seed Testing Laboratories in private sector
3. Registration of Seed Companies/ Dealers and Processing Plants
4. Enhancement of penalties/fines for effective seed act enforcement
5. Restriction on unapproved/banned varieties and misbranding
6. Registration of the seed related Persons/ Organizations
7. Every Seed Dealer shall clearly display at his place of business the
sale prices of different crop seeds held by him including the
opening and closing stocks on a daily basis.

15

PLANT BREEDERS RIGHT BILL - 2009

1. To encourage plant breeders/ seed organizations/multinational seed
companies to invest in research and plant breeding
2. Development of superior varieties of field, vegetable and
ornamental/horticultural crops
3. Healthy competition for variety development in public and private
sector
4. To facilitate an access to protected foreign varieties
5. Protection of local varieties abroad
6. Encourage state plant breeders through financial incentives as royalty
on their protected varieties and revenue generation for research
institutes
7. Discipline in seed industry

16

NUMBER OF REGISTERED SEED COMPANIES IN PAKISTAN

(1980-2011)
Punjab

Sindh

KPK

600

91

20

Private
Multinationals

Total Active

605

93

21

Cancelled

129

14

07

734

107

28

Category
Public Sector
Private
National

G.B
02

02

B.tan Total
1

720

08

729

150

08

879

TOTAL
02

* Multinationals : Monsanto, Pioneer, ICI, Syngenta and Bayer

Source: FSC&RD, Islamabad

17

TOTAL SEED AVAILABILITY DURING 2007-08

Crop/Seed

Total Seed
Requirement
(MT)

Total Seed Availability (MT)

Public

Private

Local

Imported

Total

Wheat

1044964

55534.0
5.31%

135099
12.92%

190634
18.23%

---

190634.94
18.3%

Paddy

39,660

2371
5.97%

9969
25.14%

12340.00
31.11%

1528.37
3.85%

13868.37
34.0%

Maize

30,036

214.00
0.71%

3072
10.23%

3286
10.94%

6499.22
21.64%

9785.22
32.57 %

Cotton

40,000

3035
7.58%

26656.20
66.64%

29691.2
74.22%

---

29691.2
74.22%

Pulses

48346

591
1.22%

749.16
1.54%

1340.16
2.76%

---

1340.16
2.76 %

Oilseeds

16041

190.9
1.19%

60
0.37%

250
1.56%

1653.39
10.30%

1903.93
11.86%

Fodders

70000

50
0.07%

49.41
0.07%

99.41
0.14%

9932
13.56%

10131.41
14.47%

Vegetables

5500

239
4.34%

534
9.70%

773
14.05%

5886.0
107.07%

6659
121.07%

Potato

311500

251.35
0.08%

150
0.05%

401.35
0.13%

4889.56
1.56%

5290.90
1.69%

TOTAL

1614296

62476.25
3.87%

176338.77
10.92 %

238874.92
14.79 %

30388.42
1.88 %

18
269305.28
16.68%

TOTAL SEED AVAILABILITY DURING 2008-09

Total Seed Availability (MT)
Crop/Seed

Total Seed
Requirement
(MT)

Wheat

1085520

57,704.67
5.59%

157595.27
15.25 %

215,299.94
20.84%

___

215,299.94
20.84 %

Paddy

36,960

6,643.52
17.97 %

24101.92
65.21%

30745.4
83.18%

932.73
2.52 %

31,678.17
85.70 %

Maize

30,036.00

253.28
0.84 %

1625.097
5.41 %

1878.37
6.25%

10,259.62
34.16%

12137.99
40.61 %

Cotton

40,000.00

1,898.44
4.75%

16746.67
41.87%

18645.11
46.61%

____

18,645.11
46.61 %

Pulses

48,612.74

1,080.47
2.22 %

284.75
0.59 %

1365.22
2.81%

____

1,365.22
2.81 %

Oil Seeds

16041

291.10
8.56 %

170.00
5.00 %

461.10
13.56%

1,562.88
45.96 %

2,023.98
59.52 %

Fodders

70000

9.20
0.02 %

__

9.20
0.02%

9,221.20
13.17 %

9230.4
13.19%

Vegetables

5500.00

111.00
2.01 %

1536
27.92 %

1647
29.94 %

2,674.27
48.61 %

4321
78.56 %

Potato

372,725.00

378.75
0.10 %

12.00
0.00 %

390.75
0.10%

5,150.60
1.38 %

5,541.35
1.49 %

TOTAL

1705394.00

Public

6837043
4.25%

Private

202071.17
12.571%

Local

270441.57
15.86%

Imported

29800

Total
Local+Imp
)

19
300241.57
(17.60%)

SECTOR-WISE SEED AVAILABILITY 2006-07

Crop/Seed

Total Seed Availability (MT)

Total Seed
Requirement
(TSR)
(MT)

Formal
Sector

% of TSR

Informal
Sector

% of TSR

Wheat

10,27,080

203946.96

19.86

823133.04

80.14

Paddy

39,660

14680.02

37.01

24979.98

62.99

Maize

30,036

11426.89

38.04

18609.11

61.96

Cotton

65,000

34169.67

52.57

30830.33

47.43

PULSES

48,346

1100.55

2.28

47245.45

97.72

OILSEEDS

16,041

1708.74

10.65

14332.26

89.35

FODDERS

70000

11763.48

16.00

61485.52

83.94

VEGETABLES

5,500

6546.39

119.03

???

???

Potato

3,11,500

8200.06

2.63

303299.94

97.37

TOTAL

16,16,412

2,93,542.76

18.16

13,23,915.63

81.90
20

VEGETABLES SEED REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY, 2001-09

Year

Total Seed
Requirement
(MT)

Seed Availability (MT)

Value of
Imported
Seed

Local

Imported

Total

Million Rs.

2000-01

5085

211.90
(4.17%)

3445.72
(67.76%)

3657.62
(71.93%)

314.68

2001-02

5150

592.82
(11.51%)

2635.20
(51.17%)

3228.02
(62.68%)

309.81

2002-03

5156

645.50
(12.53%)

2450.63
(47.53%)

3087.13
(59.87%)

393.97

2003-04

5268

861.06
(16.34%)

3151.32
(59.82%)

4012.38
(76.17%)

434.13

2004-05

5270

408.00
(7.74%)

4631.68
(87.89%)

5039.68
(95.63%)

599.54

2005-06

5500

713.17
(12.97%)

6526.14
(118.66%)

7239.31
(131.62%)

803.80

2006-07

5213

741
(14.21%)

6287.62
(120.61%)

7028.62
(134.81%)

875.57

2007-08

5500

773
(14.05%)

5886
(107.01%)

6659
(121.07%)

1066.76

2008-09

5500

1647.
29 %

2674
48 %

4321
78 %

763

2009-10

5500

1980
36 %

3553
64 %

5533
100 %

1085

21

CONSTRAINTS IN VEGETABLE SEED CERTIFICATION

SYSTEM

There is lack of professional strength and incentives

to the vegetables research institutes
Lack of efficient breeding programs, commercially
released varieties are either introduction or selection
from imported exotic germplasm
poor availability of high quality early generation seed
in public sector for multiplication to basic and
certified seed by private sector
22

ACTION PLAN FOR VEGETABLE SEED

PRODUCTION
1.

Arrangement of elite germplasm from

International research institutes (AVRDC etc)
2. International cooperation in research for hybrid
vegetable seed research and production
technology
3. Trainings (3-4/anum) on vegetable seed
production technology, seed processing,
packaging, storage etc.
4. Joint ventures of national and foreign seed
companies for vegetables seed production 23

SUNFLOWER SEED REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY, 2000-08

Year

Total Seed
Requirement

Seed Availability (MT)

Value of Imported
Seed

(MT)

Local

Imported

Total

Million Rs.

2000-01

1250

224.80
(17.98%)

257.20
(20.58%)

502.00
(40.16%)

50.27

2001-02

1350

432.36
(32.03%)

359.90
(26.66%)

468.35
(34.69%)

70.01

2002-03

1612

7.88
(0.49%)

468.00
(29.03%)

475.88
(29.52%)

94.40

2003-04

1730

4.00
(0.20%)

1093.00
(63.18%)

1097.00
(63.41%)

213.14

2004-05

2025

4.00
(0.20%)

1436.36
(70.93%)

1440.36
(71.13%)

315.42

2005-06

2265

--

1618.20
(71.44%)

1618.02
(71.44%)

358.18

2006-07

3035

--

1133.67
(37.35%)

1133.67
(37.35%)

306.63

2007-08

2979.79

--

1639
(55.00)

1639
55%)

422.00

2008-09

2398.0

--

1533
(63 %)

1533
(63%)

562

24

MAIZE SEED REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY 2000-08

Year

Total Seed
Requirement

Seed Availability (MT)

Value of
Imported Seed

(MT)

Local

Imported

Total

Million Rs.

2000-01

28,740

629
(2.19%)

2300
(8.00%)

2929
(10.19%)

216.41

2001-02

27,970

908
(3.25%)

2227
(7.96%)

3135
(11.21%)

223.87

2002-03

37,760

1470.78
(3.90%)

3536.50
(9.37%)

5007.28
(13.26%)

443.44

2003-04

37,782

1572.00
(4.16%)

3749.00
(9.92%)

5321.00
(14.08%)

441.00

2004-05

38,010

1987.33
(5.23%)

4318.07
(11.53%)

6305.40
(16.59%)

798.17

2005-06

30,888

3393.01*
(10.98%)

7443.61
(24.10%)

10836.62
(35.08%)

1337.24

2006-07

30,036

4947.70
(16.47%)

6479.19
(21.57%)

11426.89
(38.04%)

1100.22

2007-08

30,000

3286
(10.95%)

6175.00
(20.58%)

9785.00
(32.62%)

1152.86

2008-09

30,036

770
(2.56%)

10259.00
(34.19%)

9785.00
(32.62%)

2360

2009-10

31170

2144
(7.15%)

7260.00
(24.2%)

9785.00
(32.62%)

1852 25

Rice Seed Requirement, Availability, Import & Value 2000-10

Year

Total Seed Requirement

Seed Availability (MT)

Value of Imported Seed

(MT)

Local

Imported

Total

Million Rs.

2000-01

44250

4594.36

3.15

4597.51

0.19

2001-02

43360

4866.0

25.03

4891.03

2.88

2002-03

44500

5716.0

63.0

5779.00

6.55

2003-04

49010

10219.0

20.06

10239.06

2.09

2004-05

39184

11037.0

141.55

11178.55

15.04

2005-06

39645

15452.01

360.49

15812.50

39.75

2006-07

39660

13574.0
34.23%

1106.02
2.78%

14680.02
37.02%

128.00

2007-08

39660

12340.0
31.12%

1528.37
3.85%

13868.37
34.97%

225.70

2008-09

36960

30745
83.18%

932
2.52%

31677
85.70%

180

2009-10

38920

19278
49.53%

2975
7.64%

22253
57.18%

603.0

26

POTATO SEED REQUIREMENT AND AVAILABILITY, 2002-10

Year

Total Seed
Requirement

Seed Availability (MT)

Value of Imported
Seed

(MT)

Local

Imported

Total

Million Rs.

2002-03

2,89,500

818.2
(0.28%)

4210.42
(1.45%)

5028.62
(1.73%)

133.284

2003-04

2,74,300

1115
(0.41%)

805.4
(0.29%)

1920.4
(0.70%)

26.103

2004-05

2,74,300

1025.90
(0.37%)

5027.00
(1.83%)

6052.90
(2.20%)

186.80

2005-06

2,76,250

2031.90
(0.74%)

6511.03
(2.36%)

8542.93
(3.09%)

229.19

2006-07

3,11,500

1315.00
(0.42%)

6885.00
(2.21%)

8200.00
(2.63%)

306.68

2007-08

3,11,800

401.35
(0.13%)

4869.56
(1.56%)

5290.91
(1.69%)

245.03

2008-09

372725

480
(0.13%)

5151
(1.38%)

5.631
(1.51%)

309

2009-10

372725

298

7536

7834
(2.10%)

545.0

27

IMPORT OF FODDER SEEDS IN MT DURING 2001-09

Year/
Fodder

Alfalfa

Barseem

Sorghum

Pearl Millet

Grasses

Total

(Million Rs.)

(Million Rs.)

(Million Rs.)

(Million Rs.)

(Million Rs.)

(Million Rs.)

2001-02

4.84
(0.87)

5117.65
(201.12)

805.05
(38.63)

--

0.60
(0.18)

5928.14
(240.80)

2002-03

87
(6.03)

9,929
(453.39)

1,367
(53.17)

--

0.63
(0.17)

11383.63
(512.76)

2003-04

5.0
(1.00)

4,348
(177.91)

1,203
(60.28)

1.14
(0.22)

0.83
(0.17)

5557.97
(239.58)

2004-05

--

2374
(116.39)

1,663
(54.32)

2.31
(10.52)

1.67
(0.33)

4040.98
(181.56)

2005-06

67
(7.50)

5,740
(223.26)

3,925.09
(110.84)

18.01
(1.06)

1.30
(0.32)

9751.40
(342.98)

2006-07

298.52
(40.44)

6304.00
(291.46)

4872.03
(146.09)

255.72
(32.24)

3.76
(1.40)

11754
(526)

2007-08

1045.24
(147.00)

4106.00
(316.23)

3743.15
(159.14)

531.49
(42.18)

6.16
(2.28)

9432.04
(666.83)

2008-09

579
(92.84)

220
(15.48)

6590
(348.44)

1831
(229.40)

9222
(686.0)

2009-10

596
(86.55)

484
(30.01)

8972
(488.72)

1726
(171.89)

0.31
(0.64)

28
11780
(780.0)

IMPORT OF SEEDS OF ALL CROPS IN PAKISTAN (2006-10)

2009-10

2008-09

2006-07

2007-08

Category

Crops
/Seeds

Quantity

Value
Rs. (Mil.)

Quantit
y (MT)

Value Rs.
(Mills)

Quantity
(MT)

Value
Rs.
(Mills)

Quantity
(MT)

Value
(million
Rs.)

Vegetables

40 Species

3553

1085

2674

763.0

5804.52

862.50

5885.88

100.76

Cereals

Maize

7260

1852

10259

2360

6479.19

1100.22

6175.32

1152.86

Paddy

2975

603

932

180

1106.02

128.00

1528.37

225.70

Alfalfa

596

86.55

579.60

92.84

298.52

40.44

1045.24

147.00

Berseem

484

30.01

220

15.48

6304.00

293.73

4106.00

316.23

Sorghum

8972

30.01

6569

348.44

4872.03

158.30

3743.15

159.14

Pearl
millet

1726

171.89

1831

229.40

255.72

322.40

6.16

2.28

Grasses

0.31

0.64

3.76

1.40

531.49

42.18

Total

11780

780

9222

686

11734.03

526.12

Sunflower

2160

958

1533

562

1133.67

306.63

1639.36

421.97

Canola

57

28

30

12

11.00

2.96

14.03

4.14

Jatropha

0.13

0.10

0.005

Total

2218

1566

1248

1144.77

309.60

Potato

7536

545

5151

309

6885.06

306.68

4869.56

245.03

G.Total

35322

5851.13
68.84
Mil. US $

29801

4872
57.32
Mil. US $

33,153.59

3233.12
52.20
Mil. US $

29544.56

2817.29

Fodders

Oilseeds

Others

29

ESTIMATED NATIONAL SEED REQUIREMENT AND ITS COMMERICAL VALUE 2008-09

Sr.
No.

Crop/Seed

Seed
Rate
(kg per
Hec)

Area

Total Seed
Requireme
nt
(MT)

Av. Price
(Rs./Kg)

Internal
Commercial
Market
(Mill. PKR.)

Internal
Commercial
Market
(Mill. US $)

Wheat

120

9046000

1085520

30

32565.6

378.67

Barley

100

86000

8600

Paddy (Fine)

1696800

11877.60

59

700.78

8.24

Paddy
(Course)

20

1265800

25316

34

860.74

15.19

Maize (OPV)

30

704540

21136

25

528.40

6.22

Maize (HYB)

20

347160

10000

250

2500.00

29.41

14

2820000

39480

100

3948

37.16

Cotton
OIL SEED

Sunflower

319473

1597.365

690

1102

1.56

Canola

12400

58.8

75

4.42

0.25

Rapeseeds &
Mustards

244900

1224.5

30

36.735

0.432

Soybean

75

53

3.97

60

0.24

2.81

10

Sesame

90700

454

140

63.56

0.75

11

Linseed

15

5432

81.48

150

12.22

0.14

12

Groundnut

100

92800

9280

150

1392

16.38

30

Continue

ESTIMATED NATIONAL SEED REQUIREMENT AND ITS COMMERICAL VALUE 2007-08

Sr

Crop/Seed

Seed Rate
(kg per Hec)

Area

Total Seed
Requirement
(MT)

Av. Price
(Rs./Kg)

Internal
Commercial
Market
(Mill. PKR.)

Internal
Commercial
Market
(Mill. US $)

Pulses
13

Gram

40

1080600

43224.00

53

2290.872

26.95

14

Mungbean

25

219700

5492.5

75

411.94

4.85

15

Lentil

10

30900

309

80

24.72

0.29

16

Mash

20

27600

552

80

44.16

0.52

17

Potato

2500

145000

362500

32

11600

136.47

18

Vegetable

252.9

5500

204

1122

13.2

2369700

70000

180

12600

148.24

20.85
Million
Hectare

1.7000
million tonne

71800

845.0

19.

Fodder and
Forages

Total

29.6

*Reflects the commercial value of the available seed in the country during 2008-09( 1 US $= 85 PKR)

31

Potential Seed Market of Pakistan

Crop

Seed Requirement

Price/kg

Domestic Market
(Million Rs.)

Wheat (OP)

1085520

30

32565.0

Cotton (OP)
Bt Hybrid

40000

Paddy (Fine)

11877.0

59

700.0

Paddy Coarse (Hyb)

25316.0

300

7594.0

Maize (Hyb)

31000.0

450

13950.0

Gram, Lentil, Mung, Mash

50000.0

72

3600.0

Canola (Hyb)

6000

790

47.4

Rape& Mustard

1224

30

36.72

Potato

362500

32

11600

Vegetables (Hyb)

5500

2000.0

Fodder (Hyb)

70000

300

21000.0

40000.0
1000

133092.7

US $= 1565.0
million

32

SALE PRICES OF CERTIFIED SEEDS, 2001- 10 (PSC)

Crop/
Seed

Average Sale Price of Certified Seed (Rs/Kg)

2000-01

200102

2002-03

200304

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

Wheat

11.65

11.80

12.00

12.50

15.00

16.37

17.50

18.50

29.20

38

Cotton (Fuzzy)

27.00

28.27

27.50

30.11

41.56

30.13

50.00

61.25

49.50

105

Cotton (Delinted)

36.00

36.24

38.88

41.80

57.50

41.39

62.50

110.00

80.00

160

Paddy (Fine)

19.17

20.75

23.33

24.38

25.63

25.25

30.00

62.50

59.00

52.5

Paddy (Coarse)

11.50

13.00

13.50

14.50

16.25

17.00

20.00

25.00

34.00

32.5

Maize (OPVs)

10.50

12.75

14.50

11.60

14.00

16.80

18.00

21.00

25.00

28.0

Maize (Hybrids)

150.00

175.00

220.00

250.00
455.0

250

Gram

22.50

29.00

31.50

18.00

21.00

22.50

35.00

37.00

53.60

50.00

47.50

74.50

110.0
32.0

Mung
Potato

20.67

24.67

14.00

26.67

28.67

33.33

36.00

26.00

30.00

Canola

24.00

30.00

15.00

24.00

---

Raya

30.00

35.00

67.00

Berseem

80.00

100.00

90.00

100.00

100.00

85.00

250.00

250.00

Sesame (Til)

80.00

---

140.00

Millet( Bajra)

22.50

25.00

105.00

Source: Punjab Seed Corporation

Guar seed

33
25.00

35.00

---

SALE PRICES OF CERTIFIED SEEDS, 2006- 09 (PSC)

VEGETABL
E
CROP/SEED

Average Sale Price of Certified

Vegetable Seed (Rs/Kg)
2006-07

2007-08

Sale Price of Imported Hybrid Seed

2008-09

CROP

PRICE
RS/kg

US $

Okra

82.00

120.00

200.00

Tomato

95000

1117.0

Peas

56.00

40.00

60.00

Chillies

80000

941

Carrot

150.00

250.00

280.00

Cucumber

13000

153

Radish

78.00

100.00

120.00

Watermelon

17000

200

Turnip(Purple top)

75.00

85.00

100.

Okra

2500

30

Turnip(Gold Ball)

90.00

95.00

100.00

Cauliflower

35000

412

Bitter gourd

400.00

550.00

600.00

Onion

18000

212

Bottle gourd

120.00

160.00

200.00

Bitter gourd

10000

118

Spinach

45.00

45.00

---

Methi

120.00

---

---

Tinda gourd

100.00

300.00

180.00

34

Source: Punjab Seed Corporation

Importers Price

FRUIT NURSERY PLANTS

There is no fruit plant certification programme in the country except

KPK where a proactive programme of registration of fruit nurseries
and certification of fruit plants specifically of pome and stone fruits
has been initiated

Three Germplasm Units (GPUs) for certification of fruit plants/

propagating material were set up in KPK for certification of tropical
(D. I. Khan), sub-tropical (Dargai, Swat), and temperate fruits/pome &
stone fruits (Baikan, Swat) shift to Haripur.

More than 62 nurseries have been registered while about 27,000

certified plants were distributed through these nurseries during
2006-07

Punjab Province has also initiated this project on citrus, peaches,

mango and date palm etc and has established 4 GPUs i.e. Khanewal
(Mango).

35

GPU OF PUNJAB/GILGIT-NA/NWFP
PUNJAB
Sr.No

GPU Name

Location

Varieties

1-

Sub-tropical Fruit
GPU-Citrus

Mother Block, Mohammad Nagar Arif walla ,AgriFarm

36

2-

Tropical Fruit
GPU-Mango

Mother Block, Khanewal Farm ,Agri-Farm

12

3-

Sub-tropical Fruit
GPU-Citrus

Mother Block,SodiJai Wali Sargodha

25

4-

Peaches GPU

Mother & Multiplication Block. Horticulture Sub Research Station Khatwai Sargodha

12

Gilgit-NA area
1

Temperate Fruit GPU

Mother & Multiplication Block

Agriculture Research Gilgit

Rootstock
Plantation(44)

NWFP-Province
1-

Tropical GPU

Mother+Multpication Block, Agri-Research

Ratakulachi D.I.Khan NWFP

2-

Subtropical Fruit
GPU(Citrus)

Mother+Multpication Block, Agri-Research

Sherkhana Dargai NWFP

3-

Subtropical Fruit
GPU(Citrus)

Mother+Multpication Block,Purrain Agri-farm

Haripur NWFP

4-

Temperate Fruit GPU

44

36
Agriculture Research Station Bafa Manshera

56

SALE PRICES OF CERTIFIED SEEDS, 2008- 09 (PSC)

Crop/
Seed

Average Sale Price of Certified Seed (Rs/Kg)

2000-01

200102

2002-03

200304

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

Wheat

11.65

11.80

12.00

12.50

15.00

16.37

17.50

18.50

29.20

38

Cotton (Fuzzy)

27.00

28.27

27.50

30.11

41.56

30.13

50.00

61.25

49.50

105

Cotton (Delinted)

36.00

36.24

38.88

41.80

57.50

41.39

62.50

110.00

80.00

160

Paddy (Fine)

19.17

20.75

23.33

24.38

25.63

25.25

30.00

62.50

59.00

52.5

Paddy (Coarse)

11.50

13.00

13.50

14.50

16.25

17.00

20.00

25.00

34.00

32.5

Maize (OPVs)

10.50

12.75

14.50

11.60

14.00

16.80

18.00

21.00

25.00

28.0

Maize (Hybrids)

150.00

175.00

220.00

250.00
455.0

250

Gram

22.50

29.00

31.50

18.00

21.00

22.50

35.00

37.00

53.60

50.00

47.50

74.50

110.0

Mung
Potato

20.67

24.67

14.00

26.67

28.67

33.33

36.00

26.00

30.00

32.0

Canola

24.00

30.00

15.00

24.00

75.00

85.0

Raya

30.00

35.00

67.00

Berseem

80.00

100.00

90.00

100.00

100.00

85.00

250.00

100.0

Sesame (Til)

80.00

---

140.00

Millet( Bajra)

22.50

25.00

105.00

Guar seed

25.00

35.00

---

Source: Punjab Seed Corporation

37

 ACTION PLAN/ STRATEGIES

Establishment of an independent seed act enforcement wing, with all requisite infrastructure
is suggested, to effectively control sub-standard seed business activities and promote
certified seed business.

Seed (Amendment) Bill 2009 and Plant Breeders Bill 2009 are required to be promulgated to
accommodate the private sector for investment and research and seed industry.
To meet the modern era challenge we need to develop our human resource capacity through
foreign trainings especially in plant variety Registration , Plant Variety Protection Systems,
Fruit Certification System, GMOs Testing, Accreditation of Laboratories etc

Hybrid seed production projects of maize, sunflower, canola, fodders (sorghum-Sudangrass

hybrid, mazenta hybrid, bajra-napiergrass hybrid, hybrid Pearlmillet etc.) and vegetables etc.
should be initiated. Joint ventures of public research institutes and private sector seed
companies are a good option to promote hybrid seed

Production of biotech seeds of various crops on local basis independently as well as through
joint ventures with foreign stakeholders should be promoted to encourage and popularize the
biotech seed industry
Fruit seed certification system should be extended throughout the country for production
and distribution of true to type and disease free fruit plants of improved varieties
38

Continue.

The Testing results of such R&D based seed companies as official Testing
and be evaluated by some designated team visiting their trials.

Seed dealers of multinational seed companies keep the record of their sale
in register to stop the black marketing and to avoid the role of middle man.

Plant Quarantine laws/Rules be revised keeping in view the latest

requirements of international seed business and SPS measures.

Provincial and Federal Research Institutes Facilitation for access to genetic

resources to R&D based seed companies under MTA.

39

NATIONAL SEED POLICY

National Seed Policy need to be developed to establish road map for Public
Private Partnership or Consortium model as develop by ICRISAT, India, where
private seed companies can jointly fund research that results in publically
available Inbred lines/ Parental material. ICRISTA is emphasizing more on
Pub-Pvt Partnership due to effectiveness of Private sector for transferring
results to farmers.

National seed policy can define for contractual research by Public Sector
Research Institute and availability of inbred lines on exclusive rights basis.

Public Sector Seed Corporation should confine to seed multiplication of high

volume and low value crops along with production of pre-basic seed to cater
the requirements of private sector.

Restriction to MSC to transfer hybrid technology to Pakistan as was done in

India (3 years).
It should facilitate acquisition of genetic resources from abroad by public
sector organization, evaluation in the country and then availability of targeted
germplasm to R&D based seed companies.

40