ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

1. Introductory Information:
a. School: School of Engineering & Information Technology b. Department: Wood Technology c. program: Undergraduate students 2. Prerequisite...None Course name and code: Wood anatomy and identification (WSEng-2205) a. Course credit: 10 (4 lecture hours, 6 laboratory hours) b. Year & Semester: Second Year, First semester (2011/ 2012)

3. Instructor Name: Sanjay Kumar Gupta (M.Sc. in Wood Science & Technology)
Email: sanjayguptajbp@gmail.com Mobile: 0910384040

4.

Course Description
This course provides a thorough introduction to the structure of wood. This foundation is fundamental to the study of wood as a material and prepares the student for future courses dealing with the properties, uses and processing of wood. The course introduces basic tree growth and wood formation, detailing both the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of hardwoods and softwoods. Cell types, their organization and variations are discussed. The main chemical components of wood and their organization in the ultra-structure of the woody cell wall are covered. The laboratories cover the macroscopic and microscopic identification of hardwoods and softwoods.

Course rationale

In this course student will understand the structure of wood and according to their structure, they can select suitable wood for different end uses. The course equips students with basic knowledge for further studies in the field of wood technology. a. Objectives Upon completion of this course students will be able to do the following: 1. Understand the basic anatomy of softwood and hardwood 2. Describe the processes by which wood is formed in trees 3. Explain the structure and functions of the most important wood cell types 4. Explain the nature of the fundamental chemical constituents of wood and how their arrangement in wood cell wall influences wood properties 5. The students will possess the ability to identify commercial wood using microscopic techniques. Teaching methods: Active learning (group discussion, quiz etc.) will be selected which brings students to work together and report in group and individually. Teaching materials: Necessary teaching material will selected in order to achieve the main target of the lesson or course.

Chapter 1. Introduction Week 1

1.1 Characteristic properties of wood 1.2 Variability of wood Properties 1.3 Wood as an industrial raw material

1.4 Wood as a construction material 1.5 Knowledge of wood and better use

Chapter 2. Tree Stem and Its Growth Weak 2

2.1 The plant origin of wood 2.2 Kinds of woody plants 2.3 Parts of a tree 2.4 Formation of stem 2.4.1 Origin and development of wood 2.4.2 Primary growth (Weak 3) 2.4.3 Secondary growth 2.4.4 Initiation of Secondary Growth 2.4.5 Tissues in Secondary Growth

Chapter 3
(Week 4)

Macroscopic structure of wood

3.1 Growth increments 3.1.1 Growth rings 3.1.2 Heartwood and Sapwood 3.2 Wood rays and resin ducts 3.3 Principle plain in wood (Week 5) 3.4 Differences between Softwoods and Hardwoods 3.5 Appearance of timber in relation to its structure 3.5.1 Texture 3.5.2 Figure 3.5.3 Wood-knots 3.5.4 Color

Chapter 4 Microscopic structure of softwood

(Week 6) 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Three dimensional surface of softwood 4.3. Identifying features of softwoods 4.3.1. Spiral thickenings 4.3.2. Pits and pit pairs 4.3.3. Resin canals (Weak 7) 4.3.4. Longitudinal parenchyma 4.3.5. Rays 4.3.5.1. Seriation of rays

4.3.5.2. Fusiform rays 4.3.5.3. Homogenous and heterogeneous rays 4.3.6. Cross-field or ray crossing

Mid examination (on 8 th week of class beginning) Chapter 5 (Week 9) Microscopic structure of hardwoods

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Differences between hardwood and softwood structure 5.3 Hardwood cells 5.3.1 Longitudinal cells 5.3.1.1 Vessel elements 5.3.1.1.1. Vessel arrangement 5.3.1.1.2. End-to-end connection of vessel elements 5.3.1.1.3. Side-to-side connection of vessels

(Week 10)
5.3.1.1.4. Connection between vessels and other cells 5.3.1.1.5. Tyloses 5.3.1.2. Fiber 5.3.1.3 Longitudinal parenchyma 5.3.1.4 Other kinds of longitudinal cells 5.3.2. Horizontal cells (Rays) 5.3.2.1 Ray size 5.3.2.2. Types of ray cells

Chapter 6 Juvenile and Reaction wood (Week 11)

6.1 Introduction 6.2 Juvenile wood

(Week 12)
6.3 Reaction wood 6.3.1 Compression wood 6.3.1.1 Properties 6.3.1.2. Identification

(Week 13)

6.3.2 Tension wood 6.3.2.1. Properties 6.3.2.2. Identification

Chapter 7 Wood identification (Week 14)

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Wood surface 7.3 Preparing the Wood Surface 7.4 Separating Hardwoods from Softwoods 7.5Hardwoods 7.5.1 Growth Ring Pore Arrangement 7.5.2Vessel (Pore) Arrangement

(Week 15)
7.5.3 Wood Rays 7.5.4 Tyloses 7.5.5 Parenchyma 7.5.6 Color, Odor and Density 7.6 Softwoods 7.6.1 Resin Canals 7.6.2 Growth Rings: Early wood and Latewood 7.6.3 Color, Odor and Density

Final Examination after 16 weeks of class beginning Assessment and Evaluation

Type Continuous assessment: Quiz, Test, assignment, Lab etc Mid exam Final exam Total % 30 Number Date Different time depending Distributed On the volume of course over the semester

30 40 100

One time One time

Week 8 Week 16

Exams:
The mid and final examination in this course will be based on lectures, text, and laboratory work held during the formal learning period. The exam will include all type not only the simplest one but also the highest level that measure critical thinking.

Students requirements
i. ii. iii. iv. Be on time to class Attendance should not be less than 90%. Work in group Complete project on given time

References
1Forest products and wood science: an introduction, 3rd ed. John G. Haygreen and Jim L. Bowyer 2.Science and technology of wood: structure, properties and utilization. George Tsomis 3.Text book of wood technology, 4th ed. A.J.Panshin and Carl de Zeeuw. McGraw-hill book campany 4.The anatomy of wood, its diversity and variability. K.Wilson and D.J.B. White