User Administration

1.User password Reset Clearing the unsuccessful login count. /usr/local/bin/sudo chsec f /etc/security/lastlog "unsuccessful_login_count=0" s username Where, -f File Specifies the name of the stanza file to modify. -a Attribute = Value Specifies the attribute to modify and the new value attribute. If you do not specify the value, the attribute removed from the given stanza. -s Stanza Specifies the name of the stanza to modify. To confirm the unsuccessful login count becomes zero,use /usr/local/bin/sudo lsuser f username Where, -f Displays the output in stanzas, with each stanza by a user name. Each Attribute=Value pair is listed on a line: user: attribute1=value attribute2=value attribute3=value Setting the new password /usr/local/bin/sudo passwd username 2.User needs recently used password,while setting same password getting below error 3004-314 Password was recently used and is not reuse.

/usr/local/bin/sudo chuser histexpire=0 username /usr/local/bin/sudo chuser histsize=0 username 3. Creating new user Example: (testuser,primarygroup-dba,sec.group/usr/local/bin/sudo useradd -u 238 -d dba -G cp,chris -m -c "Testuser " -s /usr/bin/ksh Where, -u uid Specifies the user ID. -d dir Identifies the home directory of the user by the login parameter. -g group Identifies the user's primary group. The group parameter must contain a valid group name and cannot be a value. -G group1,group2,... Identifies the groups the user belongs to. The group1,group2,... parameter is a comma-separated list of group names. -m Makes user's home directory if it does not default is not to make the home directory. -c comment -s shell Defines the program run for the user at session initiation. The shell parameter is a full path name. 4.To change users primary group to DBA and add secondary groups finance and accounting, #chuser pgrp=dba groups=finance, accounting Where, pgrp

Identifies the user's primary group. The Value parameter must contain a valid group name and cannot be a value. groups Identifies the groups the user belongs to. The parameter is a comma-separated list of group names. 5. Check password has been set for the user or not more /etc/passwd |grep username Note: Second field options( ! ,*) Example: sundarsu: ! :774:1:Suresh Sundaresan:/home/sundarsu:/usr/bin/ksh Pwd kaveti: * Pwd not set 6. To change ownership, /usr/local/bin/sudo chown owner:group Example: /usr/local/bin/sudo chown oracle:dba 7. To disable/lock user account, /usr/local/bin/sudo chuser account_locked=true To confirm, /usr/local/bin/sudo lsuser f username 8. To change comment/gecos of user. sivarara@kaxdev02:/>passwd -f sivarara's current gecos: "Rajkumar.Sivaraman" Change (yes) or (no)? >

Devices:
1.lscfg 2.lscfg -v lists all installed devices lists all installed devices in detail lists device details

3.lscfg -vl (device name)

Eg: sivarara@kaxdev02:/>lscfg -vl fcs0 fcs0 U7311.D20.103E18B-P1-C06-T1 FC Adapter Part Number.................03N5029 EC Level....................A Serial Number...............1B621042F1 Manufacturer................001B Customer Card ID Number.....5759 FRU Number.................. 03N5029 Device Specific.(ZM)........3 Network Address.............10000000C95612DA 4.bootinfo -b booted from reports last device the system

Eg: sivarara@kaxdev02:/>/usr/local/bin/sudo bootinfo -b hdisk0 5.bootinfo -r 1024) reports amount of memory (/ by

Eg: sivarara@kaxdev02:/>/usr/local/bin/sudo bootinfo -r 12582912 6.bootinfo -s (disk device) reports size of disk drive Eg: sivarara@kaxdev02:/>/usr/local/bin/sudo bootinfo -s hdisk0 73728 7.lsdev -C Eg: lists all customised devices ie installed

sivarara@kaxdev02:/>lsdev -Cc disk hdisk0 Available Virtual SCSI Disk Drive hdisk1 Available Virtual SCSI Disk Drive hdisk2 Defined 02-08-02 EMC CLARiiON FCP RAID 5 Disk hdisk30 Available 02-08-02 HP HSV450 Enterprise Virtual Array Where , -C Lists information about a device that is in the Customized Devices object class. -c Class Specifies a device class name. 8.lsdev -P lists all pre-defined devices ie supported Eg: sivarara@kaxdev02:/>lsdev -P -H|pg class type subclass description 3dx 03000008 PCM ds4k-ui Interface PCM ds4k-ui Path Control Module PCM fcpother Path Control Module Where, -P Lists information about a device that is in the Predefined Devices object class. -H Displays headers above the column output. 9.chdev l hdisk1 a pv=yes
a physical volume(pvid) Where, Changes an available disk to a

usbif fcp friend friend

USB 3D mouse DS3/4K PCM User Active/Passive Disk AIX SCSI/FCP Disk

-l Name Specifies the device logical name in the Customized Devices object class whose characteristics are to be changed. -a Attribute=Value

Specifies the device attribute. 10.lsattr -EH -l (device) List detailed configuration a device Eg: $ /usr/local/bin/sudo lsattr -El sys0 | grep max maxbuf 20 Maximum number of pages in block I/O BUFFER CACHE True maxmbuf 0 Maximum Kbytes of real memory allowed for MBUFS True maxpout 0 HIGH water mark for pending write I/Os per file True maxuproc 256 Maximum number of PROCESSES allowed per user True Where, -H Displays headers above the column output. -h Displays the command usage message. -l Name Specifies the device logical name in the Customized Devices object class whose attribute names or values you want displayed. 11.rmdev -l (device) available to defined 12.rmdev -l (device) -d Change device state from

Delete the device

LVM

Volume groupsvolumes(PV) combined to : 1.One or more physical

one VG. 2. One PV cannot be shared by two different VGs. 3.Volume Groups are of 3 types, i. Normal 32 pvs ii. Big 128 pvs iii.Scalable 1024 pvs.

create a volume group: mkvg:a volume group. To create

mkvg -y name_of_volume_group s partition_size list_of_hard_disks Eg-1:

mkvg -y datavg -s 64 hdisk2 hdisk3 Explanation: In this a volume group is created with user defined name(datavg) with partition size of 64 megabytes physical volumes(pv) hdisk2 and hdisk3. Eg-2: Mkvg s 32 t 2 hdisk3 Explanation: In this the volume group is created with system name(-y flag is not used),with physical partition size 32mb and Max.PP per PV(-t flag is used) is twice the default(2*1016=2032). Eg-3: To create big VG. Mkvg B y bigvg hdisk3 hdisk4 Explanation: Here the Big (-B used )volume group is created the Max.PVs upto 128PV .And physical partition flag not used) it takes default size as per HDD size. Eg-4: To create Scalable VG. Mkvg S y scalablevg hdisk3 hdisk4 Explanation: Here the Scalable (-S used )volume group is created has the Max.PVs upto 1024PV . .And physical size(-s flag not used) it takes default size as per HDD

lsvg Volume Groups, Run the lsvg command on the : To list

volume group and look at the value for MAX PVs like 32,128,1024. 1. lsvg To list volume group 2. lsvg datavg To list particular volume group 3. lsvg o To list only active volume group 4. lsvg p datavg To list physical volumes in volume group 5. lsvg l datavg to list logical volumes in particular volume group

chvg:following command to change the Use the

a volume group: Example: To cause volume group vg03 to be automatically during system startup, type: chvg -a y vg03

Extendvg:

Used to extend or increase size of volume group by physical volumes. Extendvg f datavg hdisk5 Explanation: Using extendvg command ,we are increasing the size already existing volume group dynamically. If HDD varies,it is not an issue.(-f flag is used for force ).

Reducevg:or decrease size of volume group by Used to reduce

removing physical volumes. Reducevg d f datavg hdisk4 Explanation: Using reducevg command ,we are decereasing the already existing volume group dynamically. (-f flag used for force ).
-d Deallocates the existing logical volume partitions and then deletes resultant empty logical logical volumes from the specified physical volumes. User confirmation is required unless unless the -f

1.Logical volume is group of logical partition which span physical volumes. 2.Logical volume can be dynamically extended. 3.Logical partitions are mapped one-to-one with partitions unless its mapped.

Logical volumes:

Mklv: to create a logical volume. mklv is used

Type the following:
mklv -y name_of_logical_volume name_of_volume_group number_of_partition

Eg-1: Mklv y newlv datavg 2 Explanation: To make a logical volume in volume group datavg logical partition of the data. Eg-2: mklv -u 3 -S 64K vg05 12 Explanation: To make a striped logical volume in vg05 with a strip of 64K across 3 physical volumes and 12 logical List information about logical volumes. Lslv lv02

Lslv:

Extendlv: the size of the logical volume. Used to increase

Eg-1:

extendlv lv05 3

Explanation: To increase the size of the logical volume represented the lv05 directory by three logical partitions. Eg-2: Chlv x 1000 lv01 Explanation: To increase size of logical volume in volume group.

Reducelv : have to take backup of existing To reducelv ,we

and create new lv with new size and restore it.

Rmlv: logical volume. To remove

Rmlv lv07

File aSystems: 1.It is method of storing data on logical volumes.

2. Four types, a.JFS(Minimum PP size is 4MB) b.JFS2(Minimum PP size is 16MB) c.NFS d.CDRFS

crfs:to create file system. Used

Eg-1: crfs -v jfs -g testvg -a size=10M -m /fs1 Explanation: In this a File system will create, within volume group testvg, a jfs file system of 10MB with mounting point Eg-2: crfs -v jfs2 -g testvg -a size=5G -m /fs1 A yes Explanation: In this a File system will create, within volume group testvg, a jfs2 file system of 5GB with mounting point with Auto mount (-A flag)which automatically mount system when system restarts.

Mount:is used to mount created file system Command

Mount /dev/fs1 Umount /dev/fs1 to unmount file system.

Chfs: or decrease the size of file system. To increase

Eg-1: chfs -a size=1000000 /test To set the /test file system size to 1000000. Eg-2: chfs -a size=+1000000 /usr

To increase the /usr file system size by 1000000. Eg-3: chfs -d size=-2G /test To decrease the /test file system size by 2GB.

Rmfs: a file system. To remove

Rmfs /test Refering to KM 4176: Extend FS/VG:
1) Verify if the LV (VG) requested to extend is having free space. space. a) List the VG configured. Note :If the VG is having space to extend, then go to step no- 9 no- 9 to extend File system Example:$ lsvg rootvg TSMDB TSMSTGTSTATA b) To see the VG details. $ lsvg TSMDB VOLUME GROUP: TSMDB VG IDENTIFIER: IDENTIFIER: 000abd160000d70000000126568628a2 PP SIZE: 256 megabyte(s) VG STATE: active megabyte(s) VG PERMISSION: read/write TOTAL PPs: 1198 1198 (306688 megabytes) FREE PPs: 92 (23552 MAX LVs: 256 (23552 megabytes) LVs: 5 USED PPs: 1106 (283136 (283136 megabytes) OPEN LVs: 5 QUORUM: 2 (Enabled) (Enabled) TOTAL PVs: 2 VG DESCRIPTORS: 3 STALE PVs: 0 STALE PPs: 0 ACTIVE PVs: 2 AUTO ON: yes MAX PPs per VG: 32512 MAX PPs per PV: 1016 MAX PVs: 32 LTG size (Dynamic): 1024 kilobyte(s) AUTO SYNC: no SYNC: no HOT SPARE: no BB POLICY: relocatable relocatable

See PP size and FREE PPS - > PP Size*FREE PP / 1024 - > Here, > Here, 256*92/1024 = 23 ( This is VG is having 23 GB available available space)

If the requested size to extend FS is more than the avaibale size, then raise a case with storage team requesting new luns. See KM : 1014 Once the Luns are assigned SA will get an e-mail from storage storage with device ID details. Example :- Added a 34gb lun, dev 185, to the listed hba's. Note :If the VG is having space to extend, then go to step no- 9 no- 9

ADD disk to VG
2.Discover the luns. $ cfgmgr 3.Identify the newly added disk by using LUN ID? $ powermt display dev=all | grep -ip <Device ID> Example: -$powermt display dev=all | grep -ip 185 Pseudo name=hdiskpower5 CLARiiON ID=APM00091900487 [kenabkp001p] Logical device ID=600601607332260022C5B5645879DF11 [LUN ID=600601607332260022C5B5645879DF11 [LUN 185] state=alive; policy=CLAROpt; priority=0; queued-IOs=0 Owner: default=SP B, current=SP A Array failover mode: 3 mode: 3 4.Check the size of newly added luns $ bootinfo -s (disk Name) Example:- $ bootinfo hdiskpower5 51200 5.Set the PV Id for the newly assigned disk. $chdev -l (diskname) -a pv=yes 6.Check if the PV id is set to one disk. $ lspv hdiskpower4 none None hdisk22 none None hdisk23 none None hdisk24 none None hdisk25 none None hdiskpower5 000abd166473c321 TSMDB TSMDB active 7.Add the disk to existing volume group $extendvg <vgname> <diskname> Example :-$extendvg TSMDB hdiskpower5 8. Check if the disk is added to volume group $ lsvg -p TSMDB TSMDB: PV_NAME PV STATE TOTAL PPs FREE PPs FREE PPs FREE DISTRIBUTION hdiskpower0 active 999 0 00..00..00..00..00

hdiskpower5

active

199

92

12..00..00..40..40

9.Extending the file system as requested, here we are extending extending 20GB of /ut01 $chfs -a size=+<Size>G <Mount Point> Example : chfs -a size=+20G /ut01 In Some case,

When trying to increase filesystem size ,some times we are getting errors like extendlv. Maximum number of LPs for the logical volume has been exceeded - must increase the allocation

Steps for Extending maximum LP in logical

1. Checking the filesystem which needs additional space. $ df -g /u02 Filesystem GB blocks Mounted on /dev/vg2lvol1 31.06

Free %Used Iused %Iused 4.73 85% 23 1% /u02

2. When trying to increase filesystem size ,some times we are getting errors like extendlv. Maximum number of LPs for the logical volume has been exceeded - must increase the allocation $ /usr/local/bin/sudo chfs -a size=+35G /u02 0516-787 extendlv: Maximum allocation for logical volume volume vg2lvol1 is 2048. 3. Check that logical volume,Maximum LP's and Used LP's using lslv command. $ lslv vg2lvol1 LOGICAL VOLUME: vg2lvol1 VOLUME GROUP: max11vg2 LV IDENTIFIER: 0009fa0f00004c0000000105ee23775c.1 0009fa0f00004c0000000105ee23775c.1 PERMISSION: read/write VG STATE: active/complete LV STATE: opened/syncd TYPE: jfs2 WRITE VERIFY: off MAX LPs: 2048 PP SIZE: 16 megabyte(s)

COPIES: 1 SCHED POLICY: parallel LPs: 1988 PPs: 1988 STALE PPs: 0 BB POLICY: nonrelocatable INTER-POLICY: maximum RELOCATABLE: RELOCATABLE: yes INTRA-POLICY: middle UPPER BOUND: 32 MOUNT POINT: /u02 LABEL: /u02 MIRROR WRITE CONSISTENCY: on/ACTIVE EACH LP COPY ON A SEPARATE PV ?: yes Serialize IO ?: NO Note: (2048-1988=50LP)Which is not sufficient for 35GB space. To calculate the number of LPs needed = LV Size in MB / LP size in MB $ bc 35*1024/16 2240 2240+2048 (Adding the new space with the existing space) 4288 Quit 4. Command to extend logical partitions in logical volume. $ /usr/local/bin/sudo chlv -x 4288 vg2lvol1 5. Checking the logical volume,And increase in maximum LP's. Number of LP's in vg2lvol1 LV is increased. $ lslv vg2lvol1 LOGICAL VOLUME: vg2lvol1 VOLUME GROUP: max11vg2 LV IDENTIFIER: 0009fa0f00004c0000000105ee23775c.1 0009fa0f00004c0000000105ee23775c.1 PERMISSION: read/write VG STATE: active/complete LV STATE: opened/syncd TYPE: jfs2 WRITE VERIFY: off MAX LPs: 4288 PP SIZE: 16 megabyte(s) COPIES: 1 SCHED POLICY: parallel parallel

LPs: 1988 PPs: 1988 STALE PPs: 0 BB POLICY: nonrelocatable INTER-POLICY: maximum RELOCATABLE: RELOCATABLE: yes INTRA-POLICY: middle UPPER BOUND: 32 MOUNT POINT: /u02 LABEL: /u02 MIRROR WRITE CONSISTENCY: on/ACTIVE EACH LP COPY ON A SEPARATE PV ?: yes Serialize IO ?: NO 6. Again trying to increase the size of filesystem.Now able to increase $ /usr/local/bin/sudo chfs -a size=+35G /u02 Filesystem size changed to 138543104 7.Checking the filesystem for increase in free space. $ df -g /u02 Filesystem GB blocks Mounted on /dev/vg2lvol1 66.06

Free %Used Iused %Iused 39.72 40% 23 1% /u02

Create New LV and mount Point:

1.Check if the VG is having free space to create LV, if not raise raise case with storage for space- refer KM 1014 2.Create LV using mklv command #mklv -y <LV_NAME> <VG_NAME> <# of LP> Where # of LP is derived from PP size of the VG, for example if example if the request is to create 15GB then LP = 15*1024/PP 15*1024/PP size of VG Example:- (Create LV - vg1lv5 in VG max10vg1 of size 15GB) 15GB) $ lsvg max10vg1 | grep "PP SIZE" VG STATE: active PP SIZE: megabyte(s) Hence,LP is 15*1024/16 = 960 LPS

16 megabyte(s)

#mklv -y vg1lvo5 max10vg1 960 (960*16/1024 = 15GB) 2.Make filesystem, create the mountpoint and updates to /etc/filesystems #crfs -v jfs/jfs2 -d <LV_NAME> -m /<MOUNTPOINT> -A yes A yes Where, jfs/jfs2 - check the existing lv's in the VG(lsvg -l vgname) vgname) for fstype and - A = auto mount to yes. Ex:crfs -v jfs2 -d /dev/vg1lv05 -m /u10 -A yes 3.Mount the new fileystem ( crfs will create the mount point on point on own) #mount /<MOUNTPOINT> 4. Change the permission of mount point as requested ex : chown oracle:dba /MOUNTPOINT 5.verifies the mount and the size of the new filesystem #df /<MOUNTPOINT>

Create Oracle ASM LV:

Note : Oracle Automatic Storage Management(ASM)-volume volume groups are managed by Database team and they use RAW LV for storing data. This is not mounted in UNIX and df-k and df-k won't show as mounted.UNIX team need to create raw raw lvol and change the ownership to database user and group. group. Note: DBA may ask single lvol or bunch of space (200GB or or 500GB) for ASM volume group. You need to check the existing ASM oracle raw lvol size and split the requested size equally as the ASM LV should be in equal size. For example example if the requested size is 200GB and existing lvol is 20GB, 20GB, then we need to create another 10* 20GB lvols and change change the ownership to oracle:group. 1. Check if the VG is having free space to create LV, if not raise raise case with storage for space- Refer KM 1014 2. Create LV using mklv

mklv -t jfs/jsf2 -y <LV_NAME> <VG_NAME> <# of LP>

Where # of LP is derived from PP size of the VG, for example if example if the request is to create 15GB then LP = 15*1024/PP 15*1024/PP size of VG Note : For FStype jfs/jfs2, check the existing lv type from lsvg -l lsvg -l Note : The fstype does not matter. The only thing that matters is matters is that all ASM volumes are the same size. We generally generally make them the same fstype but it does not matter. matter. Example:# lsvg Oracle | grep "PP SIZE" VG STATE: active megabyte(s) Hence,LP is 20*1024/256 = 80LP #mklv -t jfs2 -y ora40 Oracle 80 (80*256/1024 = 20GB) 2. Check if the lvol is created # lsvg -l Oracle 3. Change the ownership of the lvol(check the dba user, it may may differ from one system to other and remember to change change ownership of b & c devices) #chown oracle:dba /dev/ora40 #chown oracle:dba /dev/rora40 4. List the deivce to confirm the ownership # ls -ld /dev/*ora40*

PP SIZE:

256 megabyte(s)

Create VG :
Volume Groups are of 3 types, i. Normal 32 pvs ii. Big 128 pvs iii.Scalable 1024 pvs. Create a New volume group: #mkvg -y <name_of_volume_group> s <partition_size> <list_of_hard_disks>

eg. #mkvg y norvg hdisk3 hdisk4 Explanation:Here this Normal volume group is created ,which ,which has the Max.PVs up to 32PV .And physical partition size partition size (-s flag not used) it takes default size as per HDD HDD size. Additional Info :

1.How to check WWN number? Example: $ lsdev -Cc adapter ent0 Available 05-08 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX X Adapter (14108902) ent1 Available 05-09 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX X Adapter (14108902) ent2 Available 09-08 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX X Adapter (14108902) ent3 Available 09-09 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX X Adapter (14108902) ent4 Available 0B-08 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX X Adapter (14108902) ent5 Available 0B-09 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX X Adapter (14108902) ent6 Available EtherChannel / IEEE 802.3ad Aggregation ent7 Available VLAN ent8 Available VLAN ent9 Available VLAN ent10 Available VLAN fcs0 Available 00-08 FC Adapter fcs1 Available 00-09 FC Adapter fcs2 Available 06-08 FC Adapter fcs3 Available 06-09 FC Adapter fcs4 Available 07-08 FC Adapter fcs5 Available 07-09 FC Adapter fcs6 Available 0A-08 FC Adapter fcs7 Available 0A-09 FC Adapter ide0 Available 03-08 ATA/IDE Controller Device sisscsia0 Available 04-08 PCI-X Dual Channel SCSI Adapter usbhc0 Available 08-08 USB Host Controller (33103500) usbhc1 Available 08-09 USB Host Controller usbhc2 Available 08-0a USB Enhanced Host (3310e000) vsa0 Available LPAR Virtual Serial Adapter

/usr/local/bin/sudo lscfg -vpl <adapter> $ /usr/local/bin/sudo lscfg -vpl fcs0 fcs0 U787F.001.DPM440X-P1-C4-T1 FC Adapter Part Number.................10N8620 Serial Number...............1B7450579B Manufacturer................001B EC Level....................A Customer Card ID Number.....5759 FRU Number.................. 10N8620 Device Specific.(ZM)........3 Network Address.............10000000C96EBCDE WWN Number