NEPHROPATHY IN DIABETES MELLITUS

PROJECT WORK
Dissertation submitted to

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Master of Science in Biochemistry By

----Reg.No.

PG & Research Department of Biochemistry

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY ANNAMALAI NAGAR-608 002

APRIL 2012

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

PG & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY Reg.No.

PROJECT WORK Certificated that this is the bonafied record of the project work done by Miss.---------- of During 2011-2012 II M.Sc., at the PG & Research Department of Biochemistry, K.M.G. College of Arts and Science. R.S.Road Gudiyatham.

Head of the Department

Signature of the Guide

Submitted for M.Sc., degree project work evolution held on ... at the PG & Research Department of Biochemistry. Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608 002.
Examiners 1. Date: 2.

DECLARATION
I here by declare that the dissertation entitled NEPHROPATHY IN MASTER OF

DIABETES MELLITUS submitted for the degree of

SCIENCE IN BIOCHEMISTRY is my original work and dissertation has not formed the basic for the award of any Degree/ Diploma/

Associateship/Fellowship of similar other titles. It has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of Degree or Diploma.

Signature of the Guide

Signature of the candidate

ABBREVIATIONS
ACE - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme LIST

OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

TITLE INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AIM & OBJECTIVES MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION SUMMARY CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

PAGE NO. 1 8 9 22 23 39 50 53 55 56

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. TITLE AGE DISTRIBUTION SEX FAMILY HISTORY DURATION PAGE NO. 39 41 42 43

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

PERSONAL HABITS BLOOD PRESSURE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL LIPID PROFILE MICROALBUMINURIA CREATININE & ALBUMIN CREATITINE RATIO

44 45 46 47 48 49

ACEI ACR ARBs ESRD HDL LDL T.CHOL TGL

- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor - Albumin Creatinine Ratio - Angiotensin Receptor Blocker - End Stage Renal Disease - High Density Lipoprotein - Low Density Lipoprotein - Total Cholesterol - Triglycerides

VLDL

- Very low Density Lipoprotein

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express My Sincere thanks to the Chairman KALVITHANTHAI Thiru.K.M.GOVINDARAJAN, Vice Chairman Thiru. K.M.G.BALASUBRAMANIAN, Secretary Thiru. K.M.G.RAJENDIRAN, B.Sc,. M.L., K.M.G.MUTHUKUMAR B.Com., Joint managing Trustee. I extend my gratitude to our Principal Dr. D.GAJAPATHY, Ph.D.,

D.H.Ed., K.M.G. College of Arts and Science, R.S Road, Gudiyattam, Vellore District, Who helped us by providing a good infrastructure for completing my original work. I feel immensely grateful to express my gratitude to my respected Guide Mr.G.RAGHUVARMAN. M.Sc., M.Phil., P.G.D.M.L.T., Department of Bio-chemistry, K.M.G. College of Arts and Science, Gudiyattam, for his kindly help during the course of the project work. I express my sincere thanks to Dr.R.BABUJANARTHANAM, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., Head of the Department of Biochemistry K.M.G COLLEGE OF Arts and Science, Gudiyattam, for his kindly help during the project work. I express my thanks to All My Staff Members of Department of Biochemistry.

It is my pleasure to convey my whole hearty gratitude to my parents Mr.S.JAYAKUMAR, Mrs.J.SARASWATHY, my brother Mr.J.VIGNESH B.E., my Uncle K.SAMPATH., my sister J.VANITHA,M.Sc., and my whole family who had made invaluable sacrifice encouraged and blessed me to succeed in my efforts. I acknowledged with great pleasure co-operation by my friends Ms.S.SARANYA, M.Sc,. D.M.L.T., M.MADHUMATHY,B.Sc Nursing., throughout my project work. Here I would bring into the notice of the help provided by Mr.GOPI, B.Sc., Mr.BALUPRAKASH, I.T.I., and A.KUMARESH. B.Sc., B-Tech., EXCEL BROWSE POINT, for their timely help during my project work. I finally thank LORD ALMIGHTY for showing his blessing on me and for guiding me in all endeavours.

J.VIDHYA