Brain Regions

Functions of Brain Regions The outermost layer of the cerebral hemisphere, made up of gray matter is involved in the functions of learning new information, forming thoughts, making decisions, analyzing sensory data and performing memory functions. Connects right and left hemisphere and allows communication between the two hemispheres. Provides roof to the lateral and third ventricles. Memory and cognition. Enables you to concentrate and attend, makes you capable of elaboration of thought, judgment, inhibition. Thus involved in personality development and emotional traits. Also helps in voluntary motor activity and motor speech Processing of sensory input, sensory discrimination. Helps in body orientation. Concerned with primary visual reception area and primary visual association area which allow for visual interpretation. Rules over auditory receptive area and association areas. It takes care of expressed behavior, receptive speech and information retrieval. Manages olfactory pathways, amygdala and their different pathways, hippocampi and their different pathways. Limbic lobes control the functions related to sex, rage, fear; emotions. The system is responsible for integration of recent memory, biological rhythms. These are the subcortical gray matter nuclei which act as processing link between thalamus and motor cortex. Their functions include initiation and direction of voluntary movement, balance (inhibitory), postural reflexes, regulation of automatic movement. Sends the incoming sensory nerve impulses to the required appropriate regions of the brain for further processing. Most sensory signals, like auditory signals, visual signals and somatosensory signals pass through this relay

Cerebral Cortex

Corpus Callosum

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Limbic System

Basal Ganglia

Thalamus

station before being further interpreted in the brain. Its main function is providing the brain information on what is happening outside the body. Other functions include motor control, and control of muscular movements. Integration center of Autonomic Nervous System. It helps regulate body temperature and endocrine functions. It regulates various sensations, such as hunger, thirst, libido and is responsible for maintaining the daily sleep and awake cycle. It also controls emotions, autonomic functions and motor functions and maintains homeostasis by exerting control on the pituitary gland.

Hypothalamus

Internal Capsule Motor tracts. Dysfunction leads to paralysis of the opposite side of the body. Reticular Activating System

Responsible for arousal from sleep, wakefulness, attention. Dysfunction may lead to altered level of consciousness.

Cerebellum

Coordinates and controls voluntary movement, maintains balance and equilibrium while walking, swimming, riding, etc., stores memory for reflex motor acts, coordinates simultaneous subconscious actions, like eating while talking or listening etc. Contains auditory and visual reflex centers. It is responsible for the reflex movements of the muscles of the head, neck and the eye and provides a passage for different neurons going in and coming out of the cerebrum. Respiratory Center. Has control over skin of face, tongue, teeth, muscle of mastication, muscle of eye which rotates eye outward, facial muscles of expression, internal auditory passage. It plays an important role in the level of arousal or consciousness and sleep and is involved in controlling autonomic body functions. It contains the cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor centers and executes the most important function of the brain, that is, regulating our life processes such as breathing, maintaining a steady heart rate and blood pressure, inciting regurgitation (vomiting), swallowing, urination, defecation and in coordinating lifesaving reflexes.

Mid-brain

Pons

Medulla Oblangeta