City Of Arabia Towers

(Plot 45-01, 45-02 & 30-10)

Structural Design Criteria
July 05,2007







QM





Issue/revision Issue 1 Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3
Remarks
Date July 05,2007 August 15, 2007 March 20, 2008
Prepared by Geovanni Odtojan Geovanni Odtojan Geovanni Odtojan
Signature
Checked by Bart Leclercq Bart Leclercq Bart Leclercq
Signature
Authorised by Stephen Taylor Stephen Taylor Stephen Taylor
Signature
Project number 37121363-F 37121363-F 37121363-F
File reference 37121363 37121363 37121363


WSP Middle East Ltd.
http://www.wspgroup.ae

P.O. Box 7497, Dubai
United Arab Emirates

Tel. No. +971 4 2833395
Fax. No. +971 4 2833396

Contents


Structural Design Criteria


1

1 Structural Design Criteria
DESIGN LOADING CRITERIA

Design Dead Loads

Dead loads are calculated from the known self-weight of the materials to be
used for the construction of the building.

Reinforced concrete weights will be calculated using a density of 24 kN/m
3


Design Superimposed Dead Loads

Additional allowances are made for fixed finishes and services as follows:


Fixed masonry partition walls

200mm thk. CMU wall (plastered) = 3.72 Kn/M2

100mm thk. CMU wall (plastered) = 2.75 Kn/M2


Blanket loads

Typical Apartment floors

Floor finishes = 1.80 Kn/M2
Allow. for dry partition = 1.00 Kn/M2
Allow. For fixed partition walls = 2.50 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP Utilities = 0.50 Kn/M2
5.80 Kn/M2

Typical Office floors

Floor finishes = 1.10 Kn/M2
Structural topping (50mm) = 1.20 Kn/M2
Allow. For dry partition walls = 1.50 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP Utilities = 0.50 Kn/M2
4.30 Kn/M2

Lobby and corridors

Structural topping (50mm) = 1.20 Kn/M2
Floor finishes = 1.20 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP Utilities = 0.50 Kn/M2
2.90 Kn/M2

Terraces and Balconies

Structural topping (50mm) = 1.20 Kn/M2
Floor finishes = 1.20 Kn/M2
Waterproofing = 0.15 Kn/M2
Ceiling = 0.25 Kn/M2
2.80 Kn/M2


2

Service areas

Structural topping (50mm): = 1.20 Kn/M2
Floor finishes: = 0.65 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP Utilities: = 0.50 Kn/M2
2.35 Kn/M2

Storage areas at ramp level

Structural topping (50mm) = 1.20 Kn/M2
Floor finishes = 0.65 Kn/M2
100mm light partition walls = 1.75 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP utilities = 0.50 Kn/M2
4.10 Kn/M2

Staircases

Floor finishes:
(50mm screed + rubberized coating) = 1.00 Kn/M2
1.00 Kn/M2

Gymnasium

Structural topping (50mm): = 1.20 Kn/M2
Floor finishes: = 1.80 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP Utilities: = 0.50 Kn/M2
3.50 Kn/M2

Plant room/Machine room

Structural topping (50mm): = 1.20 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP Utilities: = 0.50 Kn/M2
1.70 Kn/M2

Roof Landscape

Landscape/Finishing: = 10.00 Kn/M2
Waterproofing: (membrane, felt, topping, etc.) = 1.70 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP Utilities: = 0.50 Kn/M2
12.20 Kn/M2

Parking and driveways

Floor finishes:
(50mm screed + rubberized coating) = 1.10 Kn/M2
MEP Utilities: = 0.25 Kn/M2
1.35 Kn/M2

Roof

Foam concrete (100mm ave.): = 0.80 Kn/M2
Waterproofing: (membrane, felt, topping, etc.) = 1.60 Kn/M2
Floor finishes: = 1.00 Kn/M2
Ceiling + MEP Utilities: = 0.50 Kn/M2
3.90 Kn/M2



3

Minimum Design Live loads

The following loads will be adopted in the design of the building:

Typical apartment floors = 2.00 Kn/M2
Typical office floors = 2.50 Kn/M2
Lobby, corridors = 4.80 Kn/M2
Service areas = 2.00 Kn/M2
Plant room = 7.50 Kn/M2
Car parking and driveways = 3.50 Kn/M2
Gymnasium = 5.00 kn/M2
Storage areas = 5.00 kn/M2
Roof Landscape = 3.50 Kn/M2
Roof (accessible) = 2.00 Kn/M2
Roof (inaccessible) = 0.60 Kn/M2
Roof (with MEP equipments) = 7.50 Kn/M2
Landscape area = 3.50 Kn/M2
Lift Machine rooms = 12.00 Kn/M2
Loading/unloading dock = 12.00 Kn/M2

The building structure will be checked for the loadings applied from the
proposed temporary cranes and hoists, with the capacity of the structure
being adjusted where necessary.


Seismic Loads

The Structure will be designed to withstand lateral forces due to
earthquake. Zone Category 2A parameter will be use in seismic analysis,
in accordance with the local Municipality Building requirements and the
Uniform Building Code requirements. Relevant design parameter as per
the Uniform Building Code 1997are as follows:
Seismic Zone, Z = 2A
Importance factor, I = 1.00
Numerical coefficient, R = 5.5
Soil profile, S = Sc
Seismic coefficient Ca = 0.18
Seismic coefficient Cv = 0.25


Wind Loads

Wind design criterion to be use will be ASCE 7-02, in accordance with the
local Municipality Building requirements. Relevant design parameters as
per ASCE 7-02 are as follows:

Design wind speed = 45.00 meter/sec
= 100.00 miles/hour
Exposure type = C
Importance factor = 1.00
Topography factor = 1.00
Gust factor = 0.85
Directional factor = 1.00

Building acceleration will be limited to 18milli-g for the residential
occupancy for a 10 years wind return.


4


Notional Loads

The building will be designed to resist notional lateral loads applied at each
floor simultaneously equal to 1.5% of the characteristic dead weight of the
structure, as stipulated in BS 8110 Part1. This is an ultimate load and is
applied in multiple directions.


Cladding Loads

Unitised curtain wall w/ stone 2.00 kN/m
2

Unitised curtain wall w/ or w/o metal panel 1.25 kN/m
2
Atrium glass wall 1.50 kN/m
2
Glass roofs 1.50 kN/m
2



Temporary Hoist and Crane Loads

The permanent structure will be designed to support the loads from the
temporary cranes and hoists.


Lift Loads

All lift shaft walls and lift motor room slabs will be designed for lift loadings
provided by the lift consultant.


Faade Access Equipment Loads

The structures will be designed to support the window cleaning
equipment loads to be provided by the faade consultant.


Plant Replacement Loads

All plant replacement in and around the building is to be undertaken in
such a manner as not to exceed the imposed loadings indicated on the
loading criteria.


Construction Loads

To be provided by contractor


DESIGN LOAD COMBINATIONS

Concrete Design (ACI 318-02)

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE

1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL
1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 1.0LL
1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + (RSC/1.4)
0.9 DL + 0.9 SDL + (RSC/1.4)

5

1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 0.75LL + 0.75 (RSC/1.4)
1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 1.0 WL
ENV

1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 0.75 LL + 0.75 WL
ENV

0.9 DL + 0.9 SDL + HL
1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 1.0 WL
ENV
+ 1.0 HL
1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + (RSC/1.4) + 1.0 HL
0.9 DL + 0.9 SDL + (RSC/1.4) + 1.0 HL
1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 0.75LL +0.75 (RSC/1.4) + 1.0 HL

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

1.4 DL + 1.4 SDL + 1.6LL
1.29 DL + 1.29 SDL + 0.50 LL + RSC
0.99 DL + 0.99 SDL + RSC
0.81 DL + 0.81 SDL + RSC
1.4 DL + 1.4 SDL + 1.4 WL
ENV

1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 1.4 WL
ENV

1.2 DL + 1.2 SDL + 1.2 WL
ENV

1.29 DL + 1.29 SDL + 0.50 LL + RSC + HL
0.99 DL + 0.99 SDL + RSC+ HL
0.81 DL + 0.81 SDL + RSC+ HL
1.4 DL + 1.4 SDL + 1.4 WL
ENV
+ HL
1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 1.4 WL
ENV
+ 1.4HL
1.2 DL + 1.2 SDL + 1.2 WL
ENV
+ 1.2HL


1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 1.4 HL



STRUCTURAL MATERIAL STRESSES

Concrete ( fc )

Normal weight concrete having density of 2400kg/m3 with 28 day
cylinder compressive strength as follows:

Blinding concrete = 15 MPa
Slabs on grade and grade beams = 24 MPa

Raft foundation = 42 MPa
Columns and Shear walls = 51 MPa
Suspended slab and beams = 42 Mpa
Transfer beams/slabs = 51 Mpa

Note: In accordance with the local Municipality regulations, the
concrete strength to be used in structural design must always be based
on 28 day cube strength as per the BS code or 28 day cylinder strength
as per the ACI code.

Concrete Reinforcement ( fy )

Reinforcement type 'T': grade 460, deformed type 2 conforming to
BS4449.
Reinforcement type 'R': grade 250, conforming to BS4449.
Welded Wire Fabric reinforcement conforming to BS4483.

Reinforcing Bar yield strength to be used for the design of the building:


6

Main Reinforcement = 460 Mpa
Ties and stirrups = 460 Mpa


OTHER DESIGN CRITERIA


Deflection, general

The floor framing system will be designed to limit both instantaneous and
long term deflection in accordance with the chapter 9 of the ACI code
1999.

A maximum limit on total deflection of 25mm for all apartment slabs and
beams will be adopted.


Horizontal Sway

The movement criteria to be use for the design of the core walls are
defined as follows:

- Overall lateral displacement of the building due to wind load <H/500
where H = height of the building

- Overall lateral displacement of the building due to seismic load <H/200
where H = height of the building

- Lateral displacement of any one storey (to be accommodated by the
perimeter cladding) < h/400 where h = storey height
The design wind load used in conjunction with these design criteria is the
1 in 50 year design wind speed.


Foundation Movement

Details of foundation movements will be provided in the Movement and
Tolerances Specification.


Basement waterproofing grade

Basement waterproofing will be designed to suit the following intended
use as defined by BS8102 table 1.

Car Parks Grade 2
Mechanical plant rooms Grade 2
Electrical plant rooms and supplies storage rooms Grade 3*

* May require drained cavity lining walls.

Vibration Limits

The floor structures will be designed in accordance with the SCI
publication 'Design Guide on the Vibration of Floors'. The design criteria
to be adopted for the design of floor beams up to 12m span on all
occupied (non-plant) floors are as follows:

7


Individual beam natural frequency: 4.0 Hz minimum
System frequency: 3.5 Hz minimum

For members longer than 12m span,

Individual beam natural frequency: 3.5 Hz minimum
System frequency: 3.0 Hz minimum

Considering that floor is a structure of low natural frequency (less than
7Hz), the design guideline also recommends that floor vibration should be
assessed on the basis of its response to an appropriate near-resonant
component of a regular walking force. The criterion adopted for the
design of floor beams on all occupied (non-plant) floors is as follows:

Hotel floors: Response Factor R < 8
Other floors: Response Factor R < 6


Exposure Conditions

In accordance with BS8110-1 table 3.2, the following exposure conditions
are adopted for the design of the substructure:

Foundation generally Severe
Retaining Walls Severe
Vehicle ramp Severe
Basement Moderate


Durability of the Structure

The structure will be designed to a life span of 60 years. Some structural
elements, such as those with concrete wearing surfaces and corrosion
protection will require periodic inspection and maintenance. Steelwork
members that are inaccessible and cannot be easily maintained, will be
designed for the loss of steel section over the 100 year life of the building.

The substructure perimeter retaining walls will be checked for design life
in accordance with BS 8500-1: 2002, and satisfy this standard for the
most onerous structural performance level, being a structure of long
service life (more than 100 years).


Fire Resistance Periods

The following BS 476 fire resistance periods will be adopted in the design
of the building:

Superstructure 2 hours
Substructure 2 hours
Substructure slabs over the oil store 4 hours
Loading bay slab 2 hours
Ground floor slab over loading bay 2 hours




8

Grout

Grout around anchor bolts and under base plates is to be a non-shrink or
expansive grout.

Structural Steelwork

Grade S355 (in accordance with BS EN 10 025) or ASTM A572 Grade 50
(Substitution with Grade S275 for rolled steel shapes will result in
increased material tonnage.)

Design Standards

Statutory Codes of Practice

BS 5628: Code of practice for use of masonry Part 1: 1992 Structural use
of un-reinforced masonry.
or
ACI-530-99: Building Code Requirements and Specifications for Masonry
Structures and Related Commentaries.

BS 5950: Structural use of steelwork in building

Part 1: 2000 Code of practice for the design of simple and continuous
construction of hot rolled sections.
Part 2: 1992 Specification for materials, fabrication and erection of hot
rolled sections.
Part 3: Section 3.1: 1990 Code of practice for the design of simple and
continuous composite beams.
Part 4: 1994 Code of practice for the design of composite slabs with
profiled steel sheeting.
Part 8: 1990 Code of practice for fire resistant design.

or
AISC-3
rd
ed.: LRFD Manual of Steel Construction

LRFD Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
LRFD Specification for Steel Hollow Structural Sections
LRFD Specification for Single Angle Members
LRFD Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A325
or A490 Bolts
Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges

BS 6399: Loading for buildings

Part 1: 1996 Code of practice for dead and imposed loads
Part 2: 1997 Code of practice for wind loads
Part 3: 1988 Code of practice for imposed roof loads

UBC-97: Structural Design Requirements, Division IV-Earthquake Design

BS 8004: 1986 Code of practice for foundations.

BS 8007: 1987 Code of practice for the design of concrete structures for
retaining aqueous liquids
or

9

ACI-318-99: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and
Commentary

BS 8110: Structural use of concrete
Part 1: 1997 Code of practice for design and construction
Part 2: 1985 Code of practice for special circumstances
Part 3: 1985 Design charts for singly reinforced beams, doubly
reinforced beams, and rectangular columns


Design References

Other publications used include:
CIRIA: Design of Shear Wall in Building: CIRIA Report 102, 1984
CIRIA: Design for Movement in Buildings, CIRIA Technical Report 107,
1981.
CIRIA: Paint spec 174.
BCSA: Joints in Simple Construction, 1993
SCI: Design guide on the vibration of floors, P076, 1989
British Land Shell and Core Specification


Computer Programs

List of computer program to be used in the analysis and design of the
building.

WSPME developed calculation spreadsheets
RCC-2000 calculation spreadsheets
PCA Column Version 3.0
STAAD PRO Version 2006
ETABS V9.1.1 Non-linear
SAFE Version 8.1.0
PROKON V.18




















Appendices, Figures & Tables