MAJOR WEEDS OF VEGETABLES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

By

Muhammad Irfan
Expert Field Facilitator

CABI South Asia

What is a Weed?
A weed is a plant growing where it is not desired or the plant out of place not intentionally sown,
whose undesirable qualities outweigh its good points.

IDENTIFICATION

BROAD LEAVED WEEDS

Amaranthus viridis

(Cholai)

Anagallis arvensis

(Billi Booti)

Chenopodium album

(Bathoo)

Chenopodium murale

(Krund)

Cichorium intybus

(Kaasni)

Carthamus oxyacantha

(Pohli)

Cirsium arvense

(Leah)

Cleome viscosa

(Hulhul)

Convolvulus arvensis

(Lehli)

Portulaca oleracea

(Qulfa)

Solanum nigrum

(Mako)

Stellaria media

(Phoolan Booti)

Trianthema portulacastrum

(It sit)

Tribulus terrestris

(Bhakhra)

Vicia sativa

(Riwari)

Lathyrus aphaca

(Matri)

Rumex dentatus

(Jangli palak)

Melilotus indica

(Sainji)

Medicago polymorpha

(Maina)

Heliotropium indicum

(Oont Chara)

Coronopus didymus

(Jangli Haloon)

Fumaria indica

(Shahtra)

Euphorbia hirta

(Peeli Dhodhak)

Euphorbia granulata

(Hazar dani)

Digera arvensis

(Tandla)

NARROW LEAVED WEEDS

Dactyloctenum aegyptium

(Madhana)

Cyperus rotundus

(Deela)

Fimbristylis dichotoma

(Murk)

Cynodon dactylon

(Khabbal)

Avena fatua

(Jangli Jai)

Phalaris minor

(Dumbi Sitti)

Echinochloa crusgalli

(Sawanki)

Poa annua

(Bhoain)

Polypogon monspeliensis

(Dumb Ghas)

Sorghum halepense

(Baroo)

Setaria pumila

(Loomer ghas)

WEED MANAGEMENT

WHY CONTROL WEEDS?

Weeds harbor diseases and insects Take moisture, nutrients, and light from the crop Reduce quality, crop yield and interfere with harvest Reduce Aesthetic value Weeds always win!
Prolific seeders Dormancy - wait until conditions are favorable Seed dispersal Genetic diversity Long-term seed viability

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
Follow Proper Cultural Practices Prevent Weed Introduction Identify Problem Weeds If Needed, Control the WEEDS Preventive Methods Cultural Controls Mechanical Control Chemical Control

Preventive Methods
Weed-free seed, plant material Weed free mulch, topdressing, etc.

Keep border areas free of weeds

Clean equipment before moving from a weedy area to a weed free area

CULTURAL METHODS
Fertility management Cultivation practices

Irrigation

Mechanical Methods
Hand removal -- pulling weeds
Hoeing Mulching

Chemical Control

CLASSIFICATION OF HERBICIDES
Application Timing
Pre-emergence
Prior to seed germination

Post-emergence
After seed germination and active growth

Post-directed
Directed to particular portion of plant once emerged and growing

HERBICIDE MODES OF ACTION

1. Plant Growth Regulation 2. Photosynthesis Inhibitors 3. Photosynthetic Pigment Inhibitors 4. Plant Growth Inhibitors 5. Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibition 6. Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibition 7. Cell Membrane Disruption 8. Unclassified Activity

Some Important Herbicides

PRE-EMERGENCE
Pendimethalin S-metolachlor Atrazine+S-metolachlor Acetochlor Butachlor (Stomp) (Dual Gold) (Primextra Gold) (Acetochlor) (Machete)

POST-EMERGENCE
Atrazine Bromoxinal+MCPA Metribuzin Fenoxaprop-p ethyl Clodinofop Propergyl Ethoxysulfuron Oxadiargyl Glyphosate (B.L) (B.L) (B.L) (N.L) (N.L) (N.L) (B&N.L) (Atratox) (Buctril Super) (Zinker, Sencor) (Puma Super) (Topik)

(Sunstar) (Top Star) General Herbicide (Round up)

THANKS