Lab 3 Report

T.Tarun Krishna February 14, 2012

2.3 Isolated Vowels

Q: Record isolated vowels of two people, compute dft spectrum, nd location of two prominent peaks, plot f0 vs f1 . F1 corresponds directly(inversely) to openness(height) of the vocal tract. F2 corresponds inversely to backness and roundness.

Figure 1: /a/ waveform and spectogram From /a/ spectrum, F1 is 640Hz, F2 is 1110Hz

Figure 2: /i/ waveform and spectogram From /i/ spectrum, F1 is 234Hz, F2 is 2357Hz

Figure 3: /u/ waveform and spectogram From /u/ spectrum, F1 is 249Hz, F2 is 850Hz

Figure 4: f0 vs f1 plot (f0 on xaxis)

2.4 Unvoiced/Voiced and Unaspirated/Aspirated

Q: Dierences between formants frequencies of these and isolated vowels.

Unvoiced Unaspirated
/k/

(a) /ka/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /ki/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /ku/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/tch/

(a) /tcha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /tchi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /tchu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/t/

(a) /ta/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /ti/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /tu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/th/

(a) /tha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /thi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /thu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/ph/

(a) /pha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /phi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /phu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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Unvoiced Aspirated
/k/

(a) /kha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /khi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /khu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/tch/

(a) /tcha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

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(a) /tchi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /tchu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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/t/

(a) /ta/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /ti/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /tu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/th/

(a) /tha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

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(a) /thi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /thu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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/ph/

(a) /pha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /phi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /phu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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Voiced Aspirated
/g/

(a) /gha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /ghi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /ghu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/j/

(a) /jha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

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(a) /jhi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /jhu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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/d/

(a) /da/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /di/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /du/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/dh/

(a) /dha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

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(a) /dhi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /dhu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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/ph/

(a) /pha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /phi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /phu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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Voiced Unaspirated
/g/

(a) /ga/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /gi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /gu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/j/

(a) /ja/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

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(a) /ji/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /ju/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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/d/

(a) /da/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /di/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /du/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

/dh/

(a) /dha/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

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(a) /dhi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

(a) /dhu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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/p/

(a) /pa/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(a) /pi/ spectrum

(b) /i/ spectrum

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(a) /pu/ spectrum

(b) /u/ spectrum

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2.5 Diphthongs
Q: Plot spectograms of /ai/ and /ao/, compare with original vowels.

(a) /ai/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(c) /i/ spectrum

(a) /ao/ spectrum

(b) /a/ spectrum

(c) /u/ spectrum

2.6 Approximants
Q: Plot spectra of /y/, /r/, /l/, /w/ and compare with isolated vowels.

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2.7 Nasal Stops

Q: Plot waveform and spectra of /m/ and /n/ and explain results. Nasals have some formant structure, but are identied by relative zeros or areas of little or no spectral energy. Nasality on vowels can result in broadening of the formant bandwidths(fuzzying edges) and introduction of zeros in the vowel lter function.

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Figure 5: /m/ waveform

Figure 6: /m/ Spectrum shows that there are a zeros at 1000hz and 1800hz, poles at 1350Hz and 3000Hz.

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Figure 7: /n/ waveform

Figure 8: n spectrum

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2.8 Fricatives
Q: Plot spectra of /s/, /sh/, /h/ and explain results.

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