1.1.

Introduction of the study

Bangladesh has huge potential to attract people visiting our country. Tourism is one of them. Many developing countries choose tourism industry as one of their earning source. In our country tourism industry is failed to attract the local people. The insufficient information centers, lack of advertisement and promotional activities make people disinterested from this industry. Apart from this cost and security is also a big factor. This research is conducted to assess the attitude of local people towards our tourism industry and which steps can attract people to this industry. Tourism can be an important component of the economy of Bangladesh. Bangladesh has lots of tourism spots but most of them are unexplored by the local people, because of the inadequate information. So accurate information, advertisement or any other promotional activities are not provided by the authority to attract local people. Transport, accommodation, cost and security are also important factor to the common people. To develop this sector the authority should take some steps to attract people such as they can provide information centers, they can arrange fair, can give TV advertisement also in the printing media. Nowadays internet advertisement is also available to attract people. Actually by attempting these steps government just cannot attract local people but also can earn huge revenue. 1.2. Literature Review The purpose of this stage is to get a platform for assessing the impact of tourism on the local community and their perceptions of the socio-cultural, economic and environmental impact of Coxs Bazar town tourism according to social exchange theory and stakeholder theory, and to identify key socio-cultural, economic and environmental variables and concepts contained in the literature with a view to developing an appropriate research methodology and instruments that will direct and inform the research process. It is mentionable that there is presumably little or no research done on the impact issue in relation to Coxs Bazar town tourism. The research that has been made is mainly involving what impact tourism exert on the local community and in what way the

negative sides could be mitigated to make mass tourism of Coxs Bazar into sustainable tourism for the community. Tourism: A Community Approach emphasized the necessity for communities to relate tourism development to local needs and formed the basis for numerous later studies on the various relationships between tourism and communities (Richards & Hall, 2000). (http://mppg-nsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf) Tourism can be seen as an economic activity that produces a range of positive and negative impacts. However sustainable tourism seeks to achieve the best balance between economic benefits and social and environmental costs. In order to plan and develop tourism successfully, economic, environmental and social aspects of tourism must be well understood. (Swarbrooke) (1999) (http://mppg-nsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf) Socio-cultural changes of tourism relate to local quality of life and sense of place. Positive changes in the quality of life could be as follows: personal income increases, helps to improve living standards for those more directly involved in industry, supports the diversity of restaurants and other cultural entertainment, influence the assortment of goods for sale in many local shops that would not be available in the same amount if tourism did not exist to support them, park areas are often improved, street furniture and design criteria introduced, greater care and attention placed on overall environmental quality, new opportunities etc. And on the contrary negative changes in the quality of life could be as follows: local shops overcharging, petty theft from cars and accommodation, more serious personal assault etc. Regarding the sense of place, positive changes could be as follows; revitalizing local culture and traditions, enriching local understanding and interest in history and culture, a sense of pride in local heritage, celebrations/festivals can become tourist attractions, crafts promotion and production in large scale etc. (According to Godfrey and Clarke) (2000) (http://mppg-nsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf)

Tourism has become sensitive to and depended on a high-quality sustainable environment. Therefore, tourism marketing in the future must focus on forms of tourism that are sensitive to sustain the environmental integrity of nature and cultural heritage resources. He also expects that sustainable tourism will, in the future, make an economic contribution to both the world economy and the economies of the local destination. (Hassan) (2000) (http://mppgnsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf) Explains the importance of the host community in relation to sustainability: Human communities represent both a primary resource upon which tourism depends, and their existence in a particular place at a particular time may be used to justify the development of tourism itself. Communities are a basic reason for tourists to travel, to experience the way of life and material products of different communities (Richards & Hall) (2000) (http://mppg-nsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf) For sustainable tourism to occur, it must be closely integrated with all other activities that occur in the host region. According to this statement it can be concluded that there is a responsibility that lies on the industry but also on powerful organizations within the destination. Management and control therefore seems necessary to be able to integrate sustainability in tourism development. (Hunter) (2002) (http://mppg-nsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf) The growth of mass tourism has led to a range of problems, which have become more obvious over the recent years. It includes environmental, social and cultural poverty. These problems are often connected with mass tourism, although there is evidence from studies concerning the impacts from tourism which suggests that new forms of tourism also suffer from similar problems. (Mowforth & Munt) (2003) (http://mppg-nsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf) The motives for travel are many but a common reason is curiosity. Curiosity leads the traveller to search for all kind of experiences in all parts of the world. To see other

people, other cultures and other political systems is a prime motivational force for travel. (Williams) (2004) (http://mppgnsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf) If tourism is well planned, developed and managed in a socially responsible manner, it can bring several types of socio-cultural benefits. For example improve the living standards of people and help pay for improvements to community facilities and services if the economic benefits of tourism are well distributed. A possible way to prevent this development is to promote and invest in sustainable tourism; an alternative form of tourism that could help to protect the natural, cultural and social environment of a destination. This form of tourism whether it is called eco-tourism, responsible travel or other, is a reaction of the consequences of mass tourism. The draft report of Department of Environment for the management of sustainable tourism in Ecologically Critical Areas in Coxs Bazar (January 2008) observed that the current tourism pattern is marginalizing locals; poor communities in the area are receiving no significant benefits from tourism rather than paying some of the social and environmental costs of this activity. (Shaw & Williams) (2004) (http://mppgnsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf) Tourism industry has gained top priority in most of the destination countries and there exist increased competition among the countries to attract tourists. In the face of worldwide increased competition, Bangladesh lacks far behind in attracting relatively larger number of foreign tourists mainly due to inadequate and ineffective promotional strategies of the industry due to lack of sufficient funds, low quality of promotional materials and its improper distribution, perceived negative image of potential tourists about Bangladesh etc. The authors also emphasized to face the competition and to attract potential tourists Bangladesh needs to give priority to use effective promotional activities in order to attract a significant number of foreign tourists to visit the country. In addition, tour operating firms need to give proper attention in developing the promotional materials and careful attention is required to incorporate the factors affecting the choice of potential tourists. Without effective and sufficient promotional activities in public and private

sector of the industry, there is no possibility or little possibility to emerge tourism as a major contributor to the national economy. (Hossain and Hossain) (2002) (http://www.bth.se/fou/cuppsats.nsf) National Tourism Organization (NTO) in any country is responsible for expanding a countrys incoming tourism and NTOs main task is to promote the destination country in the global tourism markets. As a result, NTO has to identify the most attractive markets the markets in which its countrys products are most competitive, determine the appropriate amount of promotional budgets, allocating the promotion budget in a way so that the greater effectiveness can be achieved, what type of promotional message is appropriate to convey for attracting the potential tourists. (Rita and Moutinho) (1992) (NTO)(http://www.bth.se/fou/cuppsats.nsf) Tourism is generally used as a tool to stimulate marginal economies and to promote development through the jobs and incomes that it can foster. Thus, tourism has emerged in many destinations as a catalyst for socio-economic change. The authors emphasized that tourism planning should be made in a way so that both the local residents and the visitors can be benefited. The proper planning based upon local response, participation and support can provide an opportunity to consider tourism as a positive force for the lives of local residence. (Liu and Wall) (2006)(http://www.bth.se/fou/cuppsats.nsf) Though Bangladesh has lots of things for tourism, but the country lacks in the initiatives to expose it to the potential tourists. He added that marketing communication can play an important role to let the people abroad to know what fantastic products Bangladesh can offer to the tourists. He emphasized on the cooperative efforts of the National Tourism Organization (NTO) with the private tour operators rather than emerging as the competitor for the overall development tourism industry. He also concluded that National airlines, hotels and the foreign missions of the country or at least an officer in each mission abroad with the responsibility of encouraging the potential tourists through providing necessary information and cooperation can contribute to a great extent for

promoting the tourism industry of any country. (Siddqui) (2005)(MCM)(Pan Pacific Sonargaon Hotel)(Bangladesh)(http://www.bth.se/fou/cuppsats.nsf) Although there are lots of survey in that sector but some improvement should needed for completing a gap between Government & Private sectors.

We suggested the following factors to be taken care off to develop the tourism industry Government should be more concern about tourism industry. Government should emphasize on publics needs, wants and preferences. Security system should be emphasized. Should take promotional activities to attract tourists.
Information system should be developed.

1.3. Problem Statement and research Questions Bangladesh as a third world country has the lacking of proper study and attention on tourism promotion. As a result, though the tourism industry of Bangladesh has a bright prospect and could contribute to the economy to a greater extent, but the sector could not flourish up to the mark due to lack of necessary and proper initiative of the concerned firms/institutions. Much of the recent literature on the development of world tourism has been concerned with the impact of tourists on the host community. As the countries have turned to tourism as the means of raising national income and as a means of ending dependency on a limited range of primary products for export. So the diverse pressures from tourism and its associated development have begun to affect the local population.

In 1980, R. W. Butler in an influential article postulated a link between tourism development and the attitudes of residents to tourists. As the number of tourists to a region increases, residents who at first were overwhelmingly positive in their attitudes to their guests develop increasing reservations concerning the long-term benefits of the visitors. A major reason for rising interest has been the increasing evidences that tourism development leads not only to positive, but also has the potential for negative outcomes at the local level. Different recent studies show that tourism development is usually justified on the basis of economic benefits and challenged on the grounds of social, cultural, or environmental destruction. Furthermore, the economic benefits traditionally associated with tourism development are now being measured against its potential for social disruption. It is generally felt that the impact study and attitudes of residents toward the impacts of tourism are likely to be an important planning and policy consideration for successful development, marketing, and operation of existing and future tourism programs. So the tourism industrys greatest challenge is that of integrating the needs of all stakeholders in a sustainable management plan that takes into account the environmental, socio-economic, and cultural dimensions. Coxs Bazar experiences huge growth in tourism since 1990. During the peak season some millions of tourists visit Coxs Bazar and all hotels, motels and guest houses are totally filled up and even some visitors spend their night inside the vehicle because no seats are available in the hotels. From general observation it is understood that tourism has brought a big change in this area. Local community people are seemingly benefited from tourism and its economy is quite good compared to other backward area. On economic front, the local community and other stakeholders like investors, hoteliers, tour operators and so on are getting benefits. But little is known about the overall implication or impact of tourism - whether good or bad- on the area on economical, social, cultural and environmental sides. The substantial literature on the economic, environmental and sociocultural impacts of tourism is replete

with seemingly contradictory observations, with researchers reporting both positive and negative findings in each of these categories (Wall & Mathieson, 2006).

1.4. Research question and process

This research is focused on tourism increase rate and especially the behavior of holidaymakers who practice this form of tourism. The whole work aims to answer the research question: are mass tourists environmental friendly? In other words, are mass tourists aware of the negative impacts, especially the environmental impacts of such large-scale tourism? To answer this main question, several sub-research questions have to be dealt with and various fields of investigation have to be explored as follows: What is the profile of the typical mass tourist today? Which are the mains factors that influence the decision-making process regarding mass tourism destination? Is alternative tourism considered a potential choice by tourists or will they definitely remain followers of mass tourism? Would tourists be willing to change their travel habits (place, price, etc.) and behaviors to become more environmental friendly? Indirectly, is sustainable tourism an exclusive tourism?

This research targeted at a small township of Coxs Bazar that has become dependent on tourism as an economic activity and a region that has been seemingly economically over invested. The research seeks to investigate the following two questions:

1. What are the positive and negative impacts of tourism in Coxs Bazar? 2. What are the issues to be addressed for improving the current situation of tourism in Coxs Bazar? To summarize, the subject under investigation encompasses the fields of mass tourism, definition and origin, both positive and negative environmental impacts of this kind of tourism, an approach to the concept of sustainability regarding mass tourism and, finally, tourist behavior and the decision-making process. The research process implies both literature review and primary data collection through a questionnaire in order to answer the research question, namely, the environmental consciousness of mass tourists 1.5. Research objectives: Broad Objective The objective of the research report was to assess local tourists attitude towards tourism industry of Bangladesh. Based on the opinion of local people we tried to point out for which reason they are not interested about our tourism sector and what strategies should be taken to promote the industry. Specific Objective To investigate into the impacts of tourism development and associated activities in the study area. To explore possible ways of improvement of the current situation. To give an overall idea about tourism sector. To find out different positive steps taken by porjatan corporation. To determine those key factors which are responsible for success of tourism industry

1.6. Methods of research used Type of research: Descriptive.

Research Method: Survey research technique. Population: All citizens of Bangladesh. Sample: MBA students of AIUB. Sample size: 50. Sampling procedure: non-probability sampling (convenience sampling). The research questionnaire was designed based upon 5 points LIKERT scale and nonparametric scale. Primary data: Interview of respondents on campus area. Secondary data: Secondary data was collected from the different web site. Descriptive analysis for demographic factor

1.7. Basic Assumption Data which we are collected may be unbiased.

1.8. Limitation Every matter has got some limitation. So this is also not an exception. The limitations of this report are been sated below: For the time constant we were unable to survey among the vast population regarding our research, thats why we have taken only fifty respondents which are not good enough to present the proper scenario. Also there is a lack of information available in the market & websites so we cannot collects proper information. There was time limitation for this research proposal. That made difficult to get all information. 1.9. Scope of the Study This study would be focused on the tourism industry of Bangladesh and it will be a gateway to understand the various motivational and de-motivational aspects of tourism and help them to create a favorable tourist oriented environment and strategy.

2.0. Reference For that survey research we take help form the websites to collects the information on previous survey research. [1] http://www.scribd.com/doc/23207946/Problems-and-Prospects-of-Tourism-Industryof-Bangladesh-and-Current-State-of-Affairs accessed on June 10, 2011. [2] http://www.scribd.com/doc/17294984/Tourism-Industry-in-Bangladesh-Coxs-Bazar accessed on June 10, 2011. [3] http://mppg-nsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf accessed on June 12, 2011. ( Impact of Tourism in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh Sheikh Saleh Ahammed 2010) [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Bangladesh accessed on June 2011. [5] http://wikitravel.org/en/Bangladesh accessed on June 18, 2011. [6] http://www.parjatan.org/ accessed on June 20, 2011. [7]http://www.bth.se/fou/cuppsats.nsf/28b5b36bec7ba32bc125744b004b97d0/3c5d92da 5330a8eec12571950033b0b8!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,klaus*,solberg* [8] mppg-nsu.org/attachments/119_Saleh_Tourism.pdf 18,