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The chromosomes (Greek: chromos = coloured; soma = body) are named from their ability to take up certain stains. They are present in all nucleated cells and contain DNA with its hereditary information. Chromatin is divided into two types: Euchromatin regions are specific sections of chromosomes characterized by certain patterns of condensation and staining. Most known genes are located in the euchromatic regions of chromosomes. Heterochromatin regions are specific regions of the chromosomes characterized by heavier staining because their structure is more compact during certain stages of the cell cycle.
Organism Field horsetail Bracken fern Bread wheat Yeast(Saccharomy ces cerevisiae) Giant sequoia Corn (Zea mays) Garden pea Lily
Organism Geometrid moth Dog Chicken Gorilla Man Common toad Fruit fly (Drosophyla) Scorpion Escherichia Coli
Chromatin is a deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) fiber, i.e., deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histones and nonhistonic proteins. It is the basic unit of chromosomal structure. Chromatin obtained from metaphase chromosomes contains: ADN ARN Proteine 13-17% 8-15% 68-79%
Euchromatin
regions are specific sections of chromosomes characterized by certain patterns of condensation and staining. Most known genes are located in the euchromatic regions of chromosomes.
Heterochromatin
regions are specific regions of the chromosomes characterized by heavier staining because their structure is more compact during certain stages of the cell cycle.
Depending of the centormere position there are 3 different morphological types of chromosomes
Metacentric Submetacentric
Acrocentric
CROMOSOMES
middle small
44 - autosomes
CHROMOSOMES
2 - gonosomes
Small Group F (19-20) Group E (17-18) Group G (21-22, Y) 12 + Y TOTAL: 12 22 + X 10 + Y 44 + X, Y
Metacentric
It is difficult to identify and differentiate chromosomes belonging to the same group when they are not banded. This becomes possible only by banding techniques or other modern techniques of identification.
Each species has a chromosome complement characteristic in number and form. This is referred to as the species karyotype and the name is also used for a photographic representation of stained chromosomes arranged in order of decreasing lenght. The act of producing a karyotype is called karyotyping. The Technique of Caryotyping using a Lymphocyte Culture