stroma+ parenchyma

capsules
fibrous capsule
adipous capsule
renal fascia
stroma: capsule+interstitium
parenchyma: nephrons and collecting ducts
structural and functional unit
1 million/kidney
organization:
renal corpuscle
Bowman s capsule (parietal layer- simple squamous epithelium, visceral
layer- podocytes)
glomerulus (fenestrated arterial capillary, afferent and efferent arteriole)
renal tubule
proximal tubule
loop og Henle (thin and thick limb)
distal tubule
reunient tubule
 UNIT OF THE URINARY SYSTEM EPITHEL

renal glomerulus / rete mirabile endothel

corpuscle capsula glomeruli / Bowman s capsule: podocyte,
Malpighi visceral layer + parietal layer simple
squamous
epithelium
NEPHRON pars convoluta simple
cuboidal
proximal pars recta ansa epithelium
renal tubules tubule nephroni with
/ Henle s microvilli
intermedial tubule loop simple
squamous
distal pars recta
simple
tubule
pars convoluta cuboidal

reunient tubule simple

cuboidal
cuboidal
collecting tubules and
columnar
epithel
columnar
papillary duct
epithel
 proximal tubule
distal tubule

macula densa

afferent arteriole
RENAL CORPUSCLE
Malpighi podocyte
et GLOMERULUS
Apparatus
juxtaglomerularis

Bowman s space

Bowman s capsule: parietal

layer
 Juxtaglomerular apparatus
FUNCTION:
Components Localisation 1. autoregulation of kidney
circulation
2. regulation of blood pressure

1. Juxtaglomerular renin secretion AT-II. RR

tunica media of the
cells afferent arteriole (stimulus for secretion: RR ,
(granular myoepithel cells) Na+ , 1-rec. adrenerg stimulation),
NOS NO vasodilation

2. Macula densa pars convoluta Na+ - osmoreceptor,

(distal tubule, modified, dens tubuli dist. lying to NOS NO vasodilation
cells with microvilli) the vascular pole

3. Extraglomerular transmitting signs ( from macula densa,

vascular pole adrenerg nerve ends),
mesangial cells catabolism of AT-II. (angiotensinase-II.)

AT-II. = angiotenzin-II., RR = blood pressure,

NOS = nitrogen-monoxide synthase, NO = nitrogen-monoxide
 Proximal vs. Distal Tubule

proximal distal
tubule tubule
characteristics few cell, more cell,
narrow lumen Wide, round lumen
kefeszegély YES no
microvilli
size of the cuboid high, low,
cell, staining acidophilia mild acidophilia
presence of basal yes yes
striation
Intercalar cells no few
Proximal tubule vs. Distal tubule
Distal tubule vs. Collecting tubule
 Corpusculum renale Corpusculum renale
corticale juxtamedullare
short loop nephron long loop nephron

Occurence
80% 20%

Henle s loop long,

short deep to the renal papilla

Presence of vasa
no YES
recta

1 belongs to one 1 belongs to more

Reunient nephrons
nephron
tubule
tunica mucosa
epithelium mucosae: urothelium/transitional epithelium
lamina propria mucosae: thick, loose connective tissue + blood
vessels and nerves elongated folds cross section: star-
shaped lumen

tunica muscularis
inner elongated
outer spiral smooth muscle

tunica adventitia (connective tissue, blood and lymph

vessels, nerves)
lumen (star shaped)
Urothelium
Lamina propria
mucosae

Stratum
longitudinale
Tunica
muscularis
Stratum circulare

Tunica
adventitia
epithelium mucosae = urothelium

lamina propria
mucosae
tunica mucosa
lamina epithelialis mucosae: urothelium
lamina propria: thin
lamina muscularis mucosae
tunica submucosa: connective tissue + elastic fibers + nerves +
blood and lymph vessels
tunica muscularis
inner longitudinal
middle cirular m. sphincter vesicae
outer longitudinal m. detrusor urinae
+ vegetative plexus with ganglion cells
+ blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
tunica subserosa et tunica serosa
tunica adventitia
 urothelium

lumen
lamina muscularis
mucosae lamina propria mucosae

Tunica submucosa
Tunica
muscularis
 superficial
cells

lamina epithelialis
mucosae = urothelium

lamina propria mucosae

 superficial
polygonal cells cells

columnar basal
cells

lamina propria mucosae

 superficial
cells urothelium
polygonal
cells

columnar
basal
cells

lamina propria mucosae