Adsorption of Acetic Acid on Charcoal

Activated Charcoal Charcoal for BBQ? NO

Determination of active surface area of Charcoal Determination of binding constant of CH3COOH on charcoal

Applications of activated Charcoal

Purification of drinking water

Water purification system for Scientific research

Charcoal tablets for treatments against certain poisons

Adsorption of acetic acid (HA) on Charcoal

Free molecule of HA Layer of adsorbed molecules of HA

Charcoal surface

Chemical equilibrium between free molecules and adsorbed molecules We need to describe the concentration of Adsorbed HA molecules on charcoal Free Charcoal

Fractional coverage
Adsorbed sites: Total sites: Fractional coverage: Charcoal surface

N ads N N ads = N

nads

Moles of adsorbed molecules per grams of charcoal Moles of sites per grams of charcoal

nads = n

Analogy with a generic equilibrium in solution

C + L CL

[CL] K= [C][L]

[CL] moles of L bound to C = [C] moles of C available

moles of HA bound to charcoal sites = 1 moles of free charcoal sites

K= (1 )[HA]

Langmuir isotherm

K [HA] = 1 + K [HA]
1.2 1 K =1000 0.8 K =200 K =100

0.6 K =50 0.4

0.2

0 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

[HA] (M)

Measurable quantities [HA]

Titration with NaOH after equilibrium is reached

nads

V ([HA]0 [HA]) = m
Volume of HA solution in contact with charcoal Initial concentration of HA before contact with Charcoal (Titration with NaOH) Mass (g) of Charcoal

V
[HA]0

Determination of K and n

nads K [HA] = n 1 + K [HA]

Linear regression to

nads = K n K nads [HA]

Determination of specific charcoal surface: A

Surface occupied by one molecule of HA (known)

A = NA n

Equilibrium Dialysis and Protein Binding (analogous to our experiment)

P = Protein (e.g enzyme) L = Ligand (e.g. ions, gas)
PROTEIN SOLUTION INSIDE BAG MEMBRANE

P + L PL PL + L PL 2

PL 2 + L PL3 .................. PL n 1 + L PL n
P has n sites

P PLx L L
OUTSIDE SOLUTION

Adsorption of L on P

Protein with n identical Sites

C L =[L]+[L]ads
nads CL [ L] = CP

[L] =[L]OUT
nads: bound sites per mole of protein n: total sites per mole of protein
Cp: total concentration of protein (analogous to Langmuir isotherm)

nads CL [L] K [L] = = = 1 + K [L] n n CP

Linear regression to

nads = K n K nads [L]

(Scatchard Plot)

Protein with cooperative Sites: Hemoglobin

1

L = O2
(O2)

0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

P = Hb

identical sites
(reference)

Hb: Cooperative binding n =4

[O2] (mM)

Sigmoids

Switch

Load O2 in lungs (high [O2]) Unload O2 in tissues (poor [O2])