Using Prepositions Particles and

Workbook Three

J. B. Heaton

g\\""bb

> r> TT I

rt I
-

-t

LONGMAN London

GROUP LIMITED

A sso ciated companies, br anches and r epr esentat iv es throughout the world

@ J . B. He a to n 1 9 6 5

All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise - without the prior permission of the Copyright owner.

First published+1965 New impressions * 1966 ; * 1967 ; * 1968; * 1969 ; * 1 9 70 ( twice ) ; *1 9 7 1 ; *1 9 7 2

ISBN 0 582 521246

Other Booksby J. B. Heaton Fablesfrom the Far East from AncientChina (with Michael West) Stories (with Michael West) Storiesfrom Shakespeare Testsin Reading Selected Companionto English(with J. P. Stocks) Overseas Students' GradedEnglishTestPapers(with J. P. Stocks) Prepositionsand Adverbial Particles ThroughPictures Composition RemoveEnglish (with J. Hobbs) (with K. Methold) EffectiveComprehension EnglishExaminationPractice(with J. P. Stocks& R. Hawkey) The StoneMother and Child PracticeThrough Pictures LongmanPrimaryEnglishFor Hong Kong

Printed in Hong Kong by Sheck Wah Tong Printing Press

Preface
This book is the third of three gradedworkand adverbialparticles. books on prepositions who have students It is intentiedfor overseas alreadysomeknowledgeof Englishsentence patterns Many suchstudents and vocabulary. in find that theyarestill makingmistakes usingprepoiitions; certainothersexperience prepositional difficultyin understanding verbs. and ohrases phrasal ' The workbooks have been written to and accompanythe author's Prepositions theymayalsobe used AdveritatParticles,but of independently thisbook. Theyareintended with sufficient primarily to provide students and bracticeinuiins prepositions phrasal verbs.It haslorig be6nfelt that thiSwide one subiectconstitut-es of the major areasof learningEnglishasa dificulty for students or second foreign language.

uF***lt)

i
i
i

i
I

'

i b'____

Contents
Page I 2
z
a J

5 6 7 9 9 l0 ll l2 t2 l4 t4 l5 t6 t7 l8 20 2l 22
z+

25 27 28 29 30 31
JJ

34 35 36
JI

38 40 4l 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 50 \) 53 54 55 56 51 58 59 60 62 63 65 67

Exercise I Prepositions 2 Verbs, nouns, and adjectivesfollowed by prepositions 3 Verbs, nouns, and adjectivesfollowed by prepositions 4 Missingpreposition+ noun * missingpreposition phrases prepositional 5 Replacement: 6 Prepositionalphrases 7 Adverbial particles phrasalverbs 8 Replacement: 9 'Tell l0 Talk ll Speak 12 Verbs followed by prepositions verbsfoilowedby prepositions ul3 z Replacement: '14 Nouns and adjectivesfollowed by prepositions 15 Nouns and adjectivesfollowed by prepositions 16_ Prepositionalphrases 1.J) Except, except for following a// l8 Particles !9 Compound words containing prepositionsand particles 20 Compound words containing adverbial particles 27 Idiomatic phrasesformed from two particlesor adverbs 22 Verbs followed by prepositions 23 Combinations with to be phrasalverbs 24 Replacement: 25 Phrasalverbs phrases prepositional 26 Replacement: phrases: samenoun in differentcollocations the 2'l Prepositional followedby prepositions 28 Noirns and adlectives 29 Answer 30 Bring 3l Carry 32 Come 33 Come34 Cut 35 Do 36 Do 31 Drqw* 38 Give3\ Hold ,4J Knock 4l Lay 42 Pass 43 Pay 44 Pick 45 Put 46 Stqnd 47 Take 48 Throw 49 Turn 50 Out

51 Otr
54 55 56 57 58 59 60

52 Up with 53 Combinations to be

phrasal verbs Replacement: by Veibs followed prepositions Nouns and adjectivesfollowed by prepositions Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous

{ t I Exercise Prepositions Insert the most appropriate preposition into each spacein the following sentences. l. Is Brown 2. No, he's not eventhe committee? the club. ^ L/ \\t"b

3.MrsJimsonwasbornin|924'She,s-fortynow. 4.Thechancesofyoursucceedinginclimbingthemountainarefifty-one. 5. The gradientat this point is one 6. This book is nothing 7. Standshoulder 8. The thief held a dagger 9. It was three. the author'sfirst novel. shoulder, and I'll soon tell you who is the taller. his long cloak.

his dignity to arguewith the hawker.

l0.SheSoonputme-easeand,beforetheeveninghadfinished,Iwas-her admirers. will havearrived 11. The aeroplane 12. I feel sure that John will meet us 13. Let's go a walk on the cliffs. new suits and cleanhands. Hong Kong the typhoon warning. midnight.

14. The two little boys went to the party 15. 'I wish you wouldn't spendso much money 16. I'm going to visit Edna 17. What's Mary doing

me,' Tom's mother said.

Good Friday. Easter?

l8.Wemeteachother-Jack:itwashewhointroducedus. 19. 'Offhis head!' the rioters cried. any fear.

20. The boy walked on the narrow ledge-

2l.She'sonlyagirl-fourteen,butshegaVeanexcellenttalk-worldaffairs. 22. I translatedthe article 23. 'Manson English Mr Jones:he could not read German.

was the cry. President!' the refugees.

24. Our form managedto raise two hundred dollars I'm 25. This plan will not succeed: it.

Exer$se 2 Verbs,nouns,and adjectives followed by prepositions given in bracketscompletes each sentence. Write the correct One of the following prepositions prepositionagainsteachnumber. himself(by, in) music. l. He distinguished in died (from, of) woundsreceived battle. Samson 2. Sergeant (about,with) Bill's long absence. 3. I'm very concerned (against, with) your brown suit. 4. Your blue shirt clashes 5. Fortune smiled(at, on) the good knight. 6. Don't bother me (by, with) your petty problems. 7. His last remark bears(upon, with) what you said previously. (in, 8. Water consists of) hydrogenand oxygen.
9. I felt a cold metal object pressed(against, towards) my neck. 10. You made the decision:you'll have to abide (by, with) it. 11. The place is alive (to, with) rats. 12. We were all very angry (at, with) the cause of the delay. 13. John seemedmost disinterested(by, in) what was happening. 14. The youth was drunk (on, with) two glassesof wine. 15. The man got up and shouted that he was the equal (of, to) any boxer at the fair. 16. This knife is only good (at, for) cutting thin pieces of wood. 17. I was ignorant (in, of) John's marriage to Wendy. 18. Walking across the rope bridge was certainly a test (for, ofl) courage. 19. We all felt a lot of pity (for, on) the beggar. 20. I am getting tired (of, with) your excuses. l.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. t2.

lJ.

14, 15. 16. 17. 18. t9. 20.

Exercise 3 Verbs, nouns, and adjectivesfollowed by prepositions Join each phrase on theleft with the most appropriate phrase on the right so as to, form correct sentences. Write the number of the appropriate left-hand column in each space on the right. (The first one is done for you.) 1. He did not convince me 2. They were caught plotting 2 3. I knew that Mr Day was spying on the organisation. from danger. in the club's activities.

r
I

4. The prisoner pleaded 5. Betty does not want to participate his 6. He sheltered familY 7. I was labouring 8. Mr Snob is alwaYslording it 9. The bank credited the sum the 10. No one suspected servant ll. Only John had access 12. The workers went on strike 13. Ted is obsessed 14. All the workers were annoYed 15. Dr Holt is making a studY 16. Mr ThompsonkePt aloof 17. Therewas greatProtest 18. Jonesmadea good imPression 19. Mr Hugh had little control 20. A bitter quarrel took Place

over the other club members. under a false impression. againstthe government. of the theft. for mercy. by his argument. to my account. of old war diaries. againstthe reduction of wages. over the class. to the secretdocuments. on all his teachers. with the thought of failing. bet*een the two partners. for higher wages. at the firm's decision. from his colleagues. I

Exercise4

:l

Missingpreposition * noun + miss@ preposition Supply the correct prepositionsin the following prepositionalphrases.The noun which forms part ofihephrase is priirted in italics. L Mr Newman went on an excursion2. A new doctor was sent to the village 3. the course search place fossils. the one who had retired.

the journey, severalof the party becamequite ill. on eye-increasing answer of his chances promotion.

for 4. Wilfred volunteered extrawork 5. The little boy heard a faint noise

his call for help. the seriesof robberies.

6. The police wishedto interview the man 7. I was thepoint

connection

leavingwhen the grocer called. acknowledgement res/)ectthe many

8. Old Mr Smith receiveda silver cigargttecaseyearshe had faithfully servedthe company. receiveda great.dealof blame 9. The management

the faulty articles.

the light 10. existedin Peru.

recent investigationswe now know that an earlier civilisation the reign proper care. the sake spitetheface trouble. practicaljokes at sucha busy time. doubt -the contrast the role safetyof the bridge evenafter several trains the dark surroundings. the father in the film. a few dollars. QueenElizabeth the First.

11. Shakespeare wrote many of his plays 12. The poor child is want -

13. Do not quarrel over this matter 14. I attendedthe conference 15. The soldier remainedfearless 16. One needs friend a 17. Mr Greenis timeno mood

my illness. the enemy attack.

18. The engineerremained had passed over it. 19. The bright blue wall standsout -

20. The famous actor was excellent

Exercise5 phrases Replacementprepositional : replacingthe prepositionalphrasein italics in eachof the sentences Rewrite the following sentences, by one of the following groups of words.
becauseof engaged on through lack of

in disagreement with friendly with

in view of the possibility of under threat of on the groundsof in the best part of
to the advantase of

l. Many of the shipwrecked sailors diedfor want of fresh water.

l.

2. The young poet is now at work on a long ode. 2. 3. The exiled ruler was preventedfrom returning to his country on pain of instant death.

4. The picnic was cancelled on account of the bad weather. 4.

-l

5. Joan and Sally are both on good terms with their employer. 5. 6. Paul was in the prime o/his life when he caught the terrible disease. 6. 7. Tommy Stout is not eligible, by virtue of being too young. 7. 8. lL is in the interests of the nation that the standard of living be raised. 8.

9. The statesmen seem tobe at variance withthe President over the matter of a tax increase. 9.

10.He visited Singapore on the chance o/seeing his old uncle once again. 10.

Exercise 6 phrases Prepositional An equivalentfor eachphrasein SectionA can be found in SectionB. Write in the spaceafter each phrasein A the appropriateequivalent. A in the balance at rest on a fool's errand in a way in bad taste for effect on the offensive out of line down to earth to the letter on form B confidentially contrary to orders at one'sbest quickly with great success everythingconsidered engaged a futile task on in every detail unimportant offensive in somerespects

at the double of little moment for all that on the cards in other words between ourselves at a loose end at any cost with flying colours

to create a good impression with nothing to do attacking undecided dead regardless of difficulties putting it simply likely matter-of-Iact

Exercise 7

.'

Adverbial particles Many adverbial particles function in a similar way to ordinary_adverbs while certain others pr_ovide stresi, emphasis^or a senseof completion. In.most casesin the passagebelow both the verb and particle have their usual straightforward meaning. Fill in each sp.acewith the correct particle. "'il "am" t{' and I turned '.'' When I , I saw a few men loitering , :'I . As I ran and hurried 13me inside the hall. Panic gripped me, , ';i' I to the groundfloor, I felt F{.ti I saw

certain that the meeting would not start for that the snow had now almost melted --1-..-

time. However, when I went

and that more people would be able to come.

Is ti 1 l h a d n o tfi g u re d w h a tto d o,soIdeci dedtow hi l e Ik n e w th a tth e c o m m i tte e c o u l dmuddl ew i thoutme' S oIbuttoned and walked The next moment I tripped When I picked myself ' I looking me i;' :'li over a small stone and fell on a patch of ice.

, I noticed that a few small children were standing

my hair. which had fallen with considerable interest. I brushed Ltl i ' some sweets,telling the children to run over my forehead, and then I handed ',.' I : I had no desire to be seen while

and leave me alone. I quickly thought my position

th e m e e ti n g w a s ta k i n g p l a c e.Iput-apai rofdarkgl assesanddeci dedtodropto see my old uncle, who lived near by. M y u n c l e w a s i n th e g a ra g e w ashi nghi scar' i w henIstro1l ed his hand to greet me, but something made him suddenly cry .

'Look -

," he said quickly. 'Is that your friend?'

as he walked.

I turned and saw Mr Hoggs limping towards me: his left foot turned
I jumped aside and hid behind the car., But it was too late. He had seen me.

you'Il be late for the big meeting.' -t+or He knew that I was suffering from an attacii-of nervousness. 'Bill,'he called " 'They won't eat you,' he shouted, wrinkling gatage. 'Hundreds of people will be disappointed if you don't come,' he pointed . 'The hall is his nose at the smell of the petrol in the

.-'

lt

. 'Come

crowded t' '

f " r :^ i k\

: it's been booked .f to copiesof your speech the press.'

for months. Besides,we've already handed

L {ri r-" q

He rambled

and eventually began to calm .: -" '. " + now.

. I could feel my nervous-

ness slowly passing

'I have a car near by,' Hoggs said. My uncle, who had been looking with mixed feelings, accompanied us to the car.

Hoggs got 'Move

behind the wheel. ,' I said. 'I'll drive and then we'll make sureof arriving on time.' ; . The traffic lights a few yards aheadwere

I wavedgood-byeto my uncle as we drove at amber.but I drove

In ten minutes we were outside the hall. As soon as we entered, everyone stood began to clap. I smiled as I walked
't

and

"L'

.,

on my way to the platform. Hoggs helped me

AtfirstIsimplyreadL.'myspeech.butlater,asIwarmed,Ithrewmy notes and spokefrom my heart.

Exercise 8 Replacemenlphrasal verbs : Rewrite each sentence, replacing the words in italics in each sentence the appropriate phrasal by verb from the list below. Put the verb in its correct form and make any changes word ordei which in
are necessary. egg on come in for do away with hold over make it up

run down ring off pile it on go down with cut out for

get on to rattle off worm out turn to straighten out

the l. The new principal abolished custom of wearing a gown for teaching' 1. 2. I could tell that the stranger was exaggerating when he described the crash. 2.

J.

Have Jack and Betty settled their quarrel yet?

J.

before I had finished making my excuse. 4. Sheput down the telephone 4. what he was trying to tell me. 5. I never understood 5. to 6. Who encouragedyou steal this watch? 6. ,1, The traitor quickly recitedall the namesof the secretagents.
1

8. Tom won't be coming: he's ill with food-poisoning. 8. 9. I don't think he has the necessaryqualities to be a doctor. 9.

10.The designer began working at once and produced several drawings. 10. until the next meeting. 11.The last three items on the agendawill be postponed ll.

and 12.Eventually we clarified the misunderstanding becamegood friends again.

12.

1 3 .The lorrv diver receivedalot of the blame for the accident. 13 . 14,Shemanagedto find out the secret. 8 14 .

15.The police finally overtook and captured the criminals as they were about to board the ship. 15.

Exercise 9 Tell Supply the correct preposition after tell in each spacein the following passage. Jack could tell beganto tell Jack of work had begun to tell the old man's appearance that he had oncebeenvery rich. The old man his life: how he had worked very hard as a lawyer and how the pressure him.

Then Jack caught sight of a policemanapproaching. 'Pleasedon't tell me,' the frightened old man whispered.

Now answer the following questionsabout the passage. Do not use the word tell in any of your answers. from the old man's appearance? 1. What could Jack recognise

1. 2. What did the pressureof work do to the old man? 2. 3 . What did he whisperwhen the policemanapproached? 3.

Exercise10 Talk Supply the correctparticle or prepositionafter talk in eachspace the following passage. (Note that in out ofhas been regardedas being equivalent to a single preposition and only one spacehas been allocatedfor it.) Joan never stoppedtalking Fred. She would talk for hours if she could with her. First,

find,anyone to listen to her. One day I beganto talk the whole matter

I tried to talk her -

going to the cinema with Fred, but it was useless: she continued to go . She even talked her

with him. I even argued with her, but she talked me -

her mother when she came. and I realised that I had better have a talk -

father. 'I don't wish to talk you punishing Joan,' I said when I began.

.Ishan'tdreamofpunishingher,,MrThomasreplied,.butIshallcertainlytalk-her.. Do Now answerthe following questionsabout the passage. not use the word talk in any of your answers. about Fred? l. Who usedto talk incessantly
l.

2. What did the writer discuss? 2. 3. What did the writer try to do?

3.
4. What happened when he argued with Joan?

4. 5. What did the writer not wish to do? 5. 6. Did Mr Thomasintend to scoldJoan? 6.

Exercise 11 Speak Supply the most appropriate particle or preposition after speak in each space in the following passale. Do not use the same word more than once. Jane and Mary began to speak had been asked to speak the motion and Mary spoke that she was speakingmumble. USpeak !' the students at the back shoutedtheir schooldays. Jane remembered the time that she co-education in one of the school debates. She spoke it. Jane was doing very well when she suddenly realised a large audience. Then she became quite nervous and began,to

r_ rs

-' ! ! r9 !

11.

Exercise 12 Verbsfollowed by prepositions lnsert the appropriate preposition in each space in the following sentences. 1. The pilot did not allow sufficiently 2. 'Perseverethe strong wind and missed the runway.

your studies: you'll never regret it.' the old man advised me. coming along on the trip' the great danger of remaining in the country? action' a little navigation. the meeting.

3. David has coercedme -

4. Did you manage to persuade him 5. The mob incited the two youths

6. Before I sail with you to Singapore, I must first familiarise myself 7. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman presided 8. Who was eventually selected 9. She reacted badly -10. He's always harping 11. The bitter dispute grew the job? the news of her failure. the subject of his promotion. a slight misunderstanding.

12. A lt hou g h s h e w a s Ve ry a n g ry ' s h e s m i l edw hi 1ethecameraw asfocussed-her. l3' T heban d i tl e a d e rs u c c e e d e d e x tra c t i ngthei nformati on-thegovernment official. 14. The battle ended 15. Please enlighten me -16. We shouted 17. Dick has vouched 18. Several members abstained 19. The new boy refused to conform 20. 'You must do whatever is required 21. 'How many boys want to try 22. We have finally triumphed defeat for the rebel forces. John's whereabouts: I have not seen him for over a month. joy when the rescue team appeared at the top of the cliff. you: he says he has known you for five years. voting the controversial issue.

the old school custom of wearing a green blazer. you,' Sergeant Black told the soldiers. the scholarship?'Dr Brain asked. our enemies.

23. I c ouldn ' tp o s s i b l y e a ta n y m o re :th i s wi l l suffi ce-me. 24. George posed a PhotograPh. one another obstructing the traffic. Your Promrse. the opportunity of coming with us. 11 the delay.

25. When we reached home, we joked 26. A week later we were fined 27. Yott must abide 28. She jumped

29. I am studying -a

diploma

ProfessorHead' the enemY'

30. The town was abandoned-_-_-{-L'L, ii.; t

y*!,.(

.i

i
4,_r.*.,-

Exercise 13 verbs Replacement: followed by prepositions by one of the following prepositionalverbs' using Reolacethe words in bracketsin each sentence thdupptoptiate form of the verb' hear of clashwith put upon feel for come under
stick by care for break with watch over

sit on

face on to tumble to scrapethrough rest with reckon on

(made allowances for) our accompanying him'

1. I could see that he hadn't 2. Our house 3. David 4. 'The book on Pottery 5. I 6. Two soldiers 7. Mrs Brown would not

(is opposite)the Park. (was loyal to) me in mY adversitY' (is classifiedas) Fine Arts,' said the librarian'

with) Jones:he had obviously beenhumiliated' (sympathised

(guarded) the strange visitor.

(consentto) her son taking part in sucha long lourney'

(scold)her. ought to 8. Your little girl is becomingvery rude: you (is in the hands of) the committee. 9. The matter now (imposeon) Miss DaY. 10. Peopletendedto examination' fiust managedto pass)your history 11.You have (nursed)the old man during his long illness? 12. Who (realise)the trick. 13. At first I did not (did not match) her Pink dress. 14. Mrs Brown's Yellow 15. I have alreadY
(severed connections with) the old students' association'

Exercise14 followed by prepositions Nounsand adiectives Inserttheappropriateprepositionintoeachspaceinthefollowingsentences. of his watercolours mountain scenes' 12 1. Timson is celebrated

2. 'Are you familiar

this district?' the guide asked me. an escapeonce they

3. The_prisoners realised that there would be little opportunity reached the heavily guarded prison. 4. The young couple seem to be very suited 5. The bill is chargeable6. Your passport is not valid Mr Moneybags. China and India. all his dealings. each other.

7. Don't trust Jackson: he's very underhand 8. I could see that Mr Brown was sick 9. The murderer felt no senseof remorse 10. She was always very polite 11. Is there any hope

the rude behaviour of the class. what he had done. everyone whom she met.

the poor miners trapped in the mine? beauty. the latest developments.

12. I can tell that you have an eye 13. We have been asked to hand in a report 14. 'What is your fee -

a visit?' I asked Dr Dickson. the subject we are discussing. your health,' the doctor advised Tim. the principal : it only served to anger him. the gun. intelligence.

15. Your question has little bearing 16. 'A holiday would be very beneficial 17. Your practical joke was lost 18. We do not have a permit

19. The boy is backward and generally wanting

20. Don' t be to o h a rd -Ma ry ;i tw a s n o th e rfaul tthatthevaS ew aS broken. 21. The judge has rejected the criminal's plea mercy.

22. S hehas a g re a tta l e n t-d ra w i n g c a ri c aturesofw e1| -know npeop1e. 23. The witness the prosecution did not appear in court. your handwriting,' the clerk said. my patience,' the teacher growled. the time we had arranged to meet.

24. 'Please give me a specimen 25. 'There is a limit

26. r'm sorry if I'm late. I was very confused 27. The approach

the small village was extremely picturesque. your friends,' the general told the

28. 'You have betrayed your country and been false spy at the court-martial.

29.'The onus is tow ., ,, , you to do somethingabout relieving the poverty in the district,' the outgoing council told the mayor. 30. Peter has been working too hard: he is on the verge a nervous breakdown. 13

Exercise 15 Nounsand adjectives followed by prepositions An equivalentfor eachphrasein italics in SectionA can be found in SectionB. Write in the space equivalent. after 6achphrasein A the appropriate A grounds'forcomplaint againstdoing something dead. given to emotional outbursts not a patch on something get evenwith a person grasp of a subject hard upon a person bepartial to wine deaf to complaints set on an action befree with a person mad about something B very inferior to in the habit of reasonfor determined to do indifferent to understandingof like opposedto very keen on revengeoneselfupon closebehind take libertieswith

Exercise 16 phrases Prepositional Explain the differencein meaningbetweenthe italicised prepositionalphrasesin each group. prisonerswere still at large. L a We were all very frightenedwhen we heard that the two escaped b His yiews on the presenteducation systemare quite soundat large'
l.

that the wallet has been opened. 2.a Put everythingback in place so that no one will suspect b Is it in place for me to leavethe meetingat this stage?

14

3. a ProfessorHill's talk was over our heads:few students,in fact, could appreciateit. b The junior clerk went over our headsand complaineddirect to the chief manager.
J.

4. a There has been a mistake: five candidates have been interviewed out of order. b 'It is out of order to speak more than once during the debate,' the chairman said. c The radio won't work: it's out of order.

4.

5. a All your efforts have beenfor nothing: the bridge has beenblown up. b The servanthas left, sayingthat sheprefersto work for nothingrather than continueworking for you. 5.

6. a The clever lawyer's services were at a premium in the gangster-ridden town. b All the shares are now being sold at a premium.

6.

7. a Keep on trying hard: you'll succeed time. in b Did you arrive in time to seethe beginningof the film? -

Exercise17 Except, except for in Insert exceptor except in the spaces the following sentences. Note that except(: not inctuding) for should be used if exceptionsare made from plural nouns or words with a plural meaning (e.g. I go to schooleveryday exceptSunday).However,if the exceptionis not really from the plural noun 15

you Jo,r and the word modifiesanotherword or group of wordsin the _sentence, should useexcept ex-cept a few cars). for ii"ort th.e ;; ,;;ditiiiiiii fot,toiing fac.t-e.g. The roadsare deserted i"i is maJe fiom a singular noun denoting a completeunit in itself, the word to use is if tn. jor'\e.g. except for thefirst paragraph)' i*iipt "*""ption This is a good essay l. I like your painting
2. He wrote to all his relatives 3. The theatre has been booked uP

the sky. his uncle.

a few seats in the stalls.

4. Every road storms. 5. All the streetsare empty now

the one to Suburbia has been flooded during the recent heavy a handful of pedestrians.

6. The hotel has vacancies for every month 7. I enioyed reading the story of his life
to events-leading his death' 8. I shall be away on holiday all next week

July and August. the part which describedthe tragic

on Monday.

9. The hats10. He has alwaysignoredme

this one here-are very attracttve.

when we met in the street. on one occasion

Exercise 18 Par t ic les fo llow ing l^rt to Comnlete the passageby writing in each space the collocation containing all which corresponds

from in".'iii,"r1Ji*'in LiZlf.itt, choo"sing this list. (Put the verbgo into its correcttense.)
all along all in all in all go all out all over all uP

(considering everything), it was an excellent hotel that Jones had recommended

to us. The hotel bill was very low-f,6

'I told you :i'

(including everything).

(all the time) that we could rely on Jones,'Bill said. 'Even though (in keepingwith

we quarrelledwith him, he bearsus no grudge: that's Jones his character).

I was silent: somethingabout Jonesmade me distrust him. However,I had to confessthat things had turned out all right. We had arrived at the hotel
our long walk, and the hotel manager had obviously us comfortable.

after (completelyexhausted) (tried very hard) to make

16

is 'When this business

(finished), what are you going to do?' Bill asked'

I was on the point of answeringwhen the door was flung open and two policemenburst into the room. 'It's (useless),' of them shouted.'You may as well surrender one quietly.'

Bill and I were speechless. looked at each other, realisingtoo late that Joneshad tricked us. We

Exercise 19 Compound words containing prepositions and particles Prepositions and adverbial particles are found before nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs in numerous compound words. Complete the following passage by writing the appropriate particle or preposition in each space as part of a compound word (i.e. either as one complete word or else joined by a hyphen). Although we all felt very .' to examine the causes that obvious to the that we had and i' cast after the failure of the lay the break of the rising ' fed rising, we at once began

; ' lookers at the demonstrations marking the

estimated the strength of the government forces. Secondly, the

trodden masses could rally little support in Parliament for their cause. Few people

c ar edwhet h e ro rn o tth e p o o rw e re -ta x e d :evenfew erw ereaw areofthestanding reforms which were urgently needed and which could never be brought about under such an

days, but the growth in population caused by the great . -date now. That the monarchy had

flow of refugees rendered it lived its usefulnesswas common know-

ledge, and even the ---------going power was still

government had recognised this fact. However, the king's

held, corruption flourished, and the results of the recent hand. Thirdly, Adam Bright, the right leader start who had throwing hand

elections had all been known

of the poor, had little influence in the Parliament and was regarded as an been the leader of an ground movement and who was now intent on looked the

the whole government of the country. Bright, himself, had methods used by thp king's own ministers.

T he- s hot w a s th a tth e ri s i n g w a s d o o m e d to| ai l ureeV enattheset.The poor were numbered and matched by the government troops. They suffered

heav y c as ua l ti e s i n th e -s l a u g h ta n d w e re Soonpow ered' W hatmadematterS worse was that several standers were killed ieht in the rush. 17

It was now obvious that force would not succeed and that the corrupt ministers' influence with the king would have to be mined. The ook was not so bleak as it first

appeared: furthermore, there was always a chance that the present politicians might be voted in the and might well coming elections. The government would now be rate any future opposition. -confident

Exercise 20 Compound wor ds containing adverb ial p ar tic les Fill in each space with the appropriate adverbial particle following the.noun or adjective. Note that ihe oirticle is'usualvloineOfo ttre noun or adjective by a hyphen and that many of theso compound *or'd, at" of very rec6nt origin and are thus still colloquial or slang. l,/1. S"ueral ambulances arrived shortly after the cave----llt-v jl fne intelligence-agent reported a big build---.14J-of '3. It was a great come-hood.
rl

at the mine had been reported. enemy forces on the border'

for Mr Proud to have to move into such a crowded neighbourfor sharks.

i' +. fne fife-saver kept a look--

'.-5." of the new city hall : the restaurantis on the thirteenth floor I aon't care for the lay-floor' is on the second hall and the concert 6. .you'll havea nervousbreak-7. 'It's time you had a medicalcheck--.' 8. There have been strangegoings-district. 9. In the mix-ever since the two foreignerscame to live in the you take a holiday,' Dr Bright told me. unless

severalpeoplegot on the wrong train' was given a free air-ticket to Japan' there'sno electricity.

l0- The winner receivedf800 and the runner---:f' ll. It's a lovely house,but there'sone seriousdraw-:

l-and fainted. 12. I was walking along when I suddenlyhad a black--"r-,"*\ ! I'm glad I don't work for Simpson' \:. lWnuta carry---1:d1

14. It was a great let--

when the famous pianist cancelled the performance. I when the government decided not to 15. Education in that country received a greatsetset up educational television.

16 .The novel begins with a flash-

in which we learn something about the hero's childhood. when he heard about the broken window. ,. ^Ui/

t7 . Bill gave his younger brother a good talking--]l1 8 .There was a sharp dropping--_in
18

the number of students attending the course whej ii ' '.r " ''i the ceitificate would be abolished. was announced that ;'io

i- 19..?he car was a completewrite--------;-

after the accident.

and that the police believedthat I was the 20. I realisedtoo late that it was a frame ---41/gtrilty person I stoppedto stareat the strangesight. 21. A few passers---{. l^ "

l:&:L,' for 2._'W" apologise the break-14 .23Jfne robbers made their get--'1--l;=_.. c

said the announcer. in a stolen car.

theseconditions any longer: we must standup for Whatwe believe.In short, ?!r,N" cannot tolerate . it's time for a show-----' I
--<. .r 26. It's a poor look---ij-:-

during the policeround. werearrested 25.,*everalnotoriousgangsters

1,

if you can't save a little money for your old age. yet? of the actor's face.

27. Have the police found the thieves' hide-28. In the next scene we saw a close-29. Nlary acted as a go--

and introduced John to her sister. at last and hope to land a rocket on Mars very soon. he insists on extracting teeth rather than filling them.
' W '{1fu ' "f' uV

have made a break-=-:-.. :07 fne scientists . 3l)The new dentist is a wash--:

32. 'Grown-

nhi children,'cried thc ti r don't understand trtrcn ' nri ed the little boy.

i*"dr*l !3.BigBulldogbeatJoeKingbyaknock--inthesixthround.l.{c,..;..
\'ft/

r p6 - lrt*_t r
Q t

l - - :- .^,- ^r - :- r ^- - i -l .t ^^- i - .^r :- +L^+^..pu(L'u I ', /t r" he arrivedin the town. I L l( l+.J$e young singerwas given a bigbulld-----A{.-when t){ t l-)et '/ r ,\ eatour sandwiches. ,t- qu,,.tui,/ 6! -.k f gS{L"t', pull in at the next lay----f/^h2'id I t-> 4"+ti, in this job: you have to work hard everyminute. l- 3!,)There's no let-----ji----

a rabbit's cageneeds good clean---pl.vw-a*-,'Tom's father said. C U,,rrIOU., 37.1'The gfh. -391 Th.."', been a break---j-\#"

Ft+*Q'/' ri' ' hangers. on by American tourist was soonaccompanied his shopping-spree several and six prisonersare still at large! on that road on apcountof the floods. her skin is very healthy.
I

--{+0. fonv will be late: there'sbeena hold-41. Mrs Bright usesno make-1-:

,i.ylt you want to visit your uncle for two days, you must find a stand. --- managertold Ann. ( a3.)The big pay--will v leader whispered. 44.'there was a good turn--*

\('

,' the strict

be tonight: we will enter the bank through the roof,'the gangr at the meetinglast Tuesday. by the mayor and townspeople.

, 45.jhe four local singerswere given a big send---ii-

: not one witnesswill speak. sornethingstrangeabout the whole set----4{-a_6.ifr"r"'r 'on the reasonfor his visit abroad. 19 42. fne reporter askedthe film-star to give him the 1s\ry-il-x4^J'\'

-fu

,L \\r):"x
48. Let's have a final run----E !*-before draw?' 49. 'Did the two teams this evening'.

ran--@-from much io. wu, there

l'Yes.

the play--4J:V\|-

"ot".rl;*u.1. ,,rtrr {,_,rt will be next.week.',

ther"".frll'$.J, u#ffr3rri''

t't:'r lt 'l'"t

Exercise 21 Idiomqtic phrasesformed ftom two particles or adverbs Complete the passageby writing in each space the correct phrase from the list at the end of the pas s ag e(U s e e a c h p h ra s eo n c e o n l y.) . r W ehad n o e Xc u Se .W e s h o u 1 d h a v e know nthatJones* u,u

(complete) rogue. I had told myself not trust him.

'rr

I'x"tq

k\v.

lr \rv'*'

(repeatedly) that we could

Jones had been only too keen to tell us all the

(details) of

smuggling. At first, we had respected his opinion, since it was evident that he knew the business

r"b,^ eb a.r

s4{ 1 A.'

(thoroughly). Then he had invited us to his house and had talked (for a long time) about the possible dangers which inexperienced

our peoplecould run into. We let him change plansas he wished

f"t y

t*

J \

about However,I wasneverdeceived in (After a while)we gavehim a partnership our smallbusiness.

him for one moment and I warned Bill
d-"1! l .Y .f"

(repeatedly) to be careful.

Bill did not know what to think and was continually about Jones. . $ r,
Ji

LAJ

\,

(undecided)

\'1'*

(incidentally), who told you that we were staying in this

hotel?' I asked one of the policemen in as casual a manner as I could. 'Your partner appears to have informed on you both,' laughed the policeman. He continued, obviously very pleasedwith himself, 'You're fools we've caught in this game.' Bill and I f-elt humiliated as we watched the policeman search our suit-cases j* \l.e rr*-.rr.I l (th o r oughl v). The smalll r..,.-,mu.,Aq w4. r cL, 0f*a.,,' smal room w L(in disorder) by the time they had finished searching for the smuggledjewellery. 'Well, we've had our oered. 'but we've never been ,o 'tt*" "'\ 'oott (good times and bad times)" Bill whis(beaten) as we shall be if they (by far) the biggest

manage to find what they're looking for.' 20 'Did you seeMr Jones a lot?' a policeman called out from the other side of the room.

'We met him

trl I ,.{*J

t\'

(irregularly) for nearly a year,' I butted in.

After all, we had to keep on good terms with the law if we wanted to stay in business. Perhaps they might even start thinking that we were innocent. lagain and again xbetwixt and between vins and outs rout and out , over and over .linside out through and through e offand on lups and downs 1on and on out and away yupside down "

t by and by e by the by glown and out

Exercise 22 Verbs followed by prepositions The prepositions.after followingverbscauseeachverb to assume new meaning. the a Many of these ijliomatic prepositionalverbs are still colloquial or slang; othershave been acceftedas-standard English. In the spaceon the right of each sentence below write oneword to replacethe words in italics. Example: His accountof the robbery cut across Mrs Bell'sstory. 1. Mr Rosedwelt on the necessity build more schools. to 2. The leadersworethat he would do for me if I told anyonethat I had seenhim. 3. Bill's essay dealt with rhe unemploymentquestion. 4. I cameupon the missingchild in the forest. 5. It's no good: you aan'tget roundthe issueby making xcuses. 6. Robert beganto lay into the intrudersbut wasno match for them. 7. She got more than she bargained when she volunteered to for look after the children. 8. Mr Playboy ran throughhis father's fortune in a very short time. 9. How many have got throughthe final examination? 10. I shall havegot throughmy homeworkby eight o'clock. I l. Rust has alreadyeateninto the enamel. 12. Where'sBetty?I hope shehasn'tmet with any misfortuneon the way here. 13.Alfred refusedto standfor the insultspoured on his brother. 14.They have not ye|fixed on a date for the next meeting. 15. I took /o the new teacheras soon as I met him. poor sportsresults his annual 16. Mr Headpassed overthe school's in report this year.
1

contradicted

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ll. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 2I

EMr

t'7. Someonemusthavesplitonus-ofelsehowwouldthepolice t'7. have known? 18. I could do with someoneto helP me' 19.The director looksfor loyalty in all his staff' 20. The old woman suddenlyfiew at the guards who were holding her husband.

18. 19. 20.

Exercise 23 with ro sP Combinations in italics after the verb to be' so Rewrite each sentence as to bring out the meaning of the words the milk this morning' 1. I wonder what's happeningto the milkman: he's behindwith 1.

2. Jack cannot possiblywin: he's up againstvery great odds' 2. 3 . Look at him: he's up tohis old tricks again'
J.

and old Mrs Smith is already up and about. 4. The operation was a success 4.

5. What's up? WhY haven't You gone home? 5. 6. MrDicksonisleavinghiswife:hesaysthatshe'salwaysathim. 6. 7. Hissonhasbeenabovehimselfeversincehewonthebigrace.

8. 'When may I seeNurse Day?'-'She's offthis evening" 8. 9. How many PeoPleatefor the new Plan? 9. 10. I could tell that the two girls were outfor a good time' 22 10.

,u;llllllilrrt,

ll. This book isn't up to much. 11. 12. Pleasering me as soon as your meetingis over, 12. 13. I'm free now: the meetingis off. 13. 14.You're in for it! You should not have been absent. t4. 15. He's so poor that even a cheap walch is out. 15. 16. 'I'm not up to making a journey from Bombay to London,' the old woman said. 16.

17. I've hearda lot about John'sbook: is it out yet? t7. 18.You're well out in your estimates:the cost will be twice this sum. 18.

invitations to civic functions. t9 . Shirley'smother is in with the mayoressand often receives

19 .

20. 'Your time's upi yoLrmust leave now,' the nurse said. 20, 2 t. It'sup to allof us to make surethat this concertis a success. 21. 22. I'11have to go now. I'm downfor the next race. 22.
zJ. zJ.

abovesuchdishonesty. I'm surethat Ann didn't stealyour pen: she's

24. Don't ask me about the picnic-I'm

1A

out of it.

23

E-r-n,

Exercise 24 : ReplacementPhrasalverbs replacingthe word(s) i! italics 9y ttre appropriatephrasal-verbfrom the list Rewrite each sentence, any chinges in wora ordbr which are necessary' p;-th" ir'iir'"Jit."i l;r-;",i;take ;;l;;. ""iu cut up set uP boil over get down run on pick up take over uP dressdown Put drop off look uP and down shut up catch on rule out walk out on as 1. Mrs Lightbody has begunbusiners a beauty consultant' l. 2. His wife hasjust left hrm. 2.
I've arranged to collect John and Mary in my cal at ten-thirty'
J.

the 4. Have the directors excluded possibility of granting a wageincrease? 4. 5. Who incited the crowd to riot? 5. 6. Let's attend to business now. 6. for 7. He talked incessantly nearly an hour, boring everyonewith his stories.
'i

8. 8.

.Short dresses now becoming said. popular,'the fashion-designer are

agitatedand beganto swearat the youths' 9. She quickly became 9. 10.Cortall's have now qssumedcontrol o/Dick's business' 10. about the misunderstanding' 11. I'm verv distressed 11. joke' us 12. Mr Jonesscolded for our part in the practical 24 \-*. 12.

13. I could seeseveralstudentsbeginningto fall asleepduing the lesson. 13. 14. The customsofficer scrutinised before letting us proceed. us 14. 15. 'Be quiet and listen to your parentsfor once,' I shouted. 15.

Exercise25 Phrasal verbs Explain the differencein meaningbetweeneachof the following pairs of phrasal verbs. l. a How is Mr Lee gettingon? Ihaven't seenhim for ages. b Mr Lee is getting on: he must have almost reachedthe age to retire. L

2. a When I realisedthat the two youths wereintent on attacking me,l lashed ashardasI could. out b Although the studentshad little money, they decidedto iZsh out and celebratetheir success.

2.

3. a He threw the newspaper the hearth and the fire at once burnt up. on b He quickly made a fire and burnt up the old newspapers.

3.

4. a Mrs Jonescasl off and put down her needles. b The sailors cast off and the boat sailedout to sea. 4.

25

Eimr.rr

5.a The armed forces have/allen away from the king'.. b My cares/e/l away as soon as I set otl on r4y walKmg nollcay' 5.

6.a What time is it? My watch haspackeQup' at h,5metonight io pack my things up for the long journey. b i;;t6;;y 6,

his latest examination' up 7. a Joesaid that his whole cafeer waswrapped in the,resultof evenlook up as I entered' " ;;; b;ot t'" *f'''"udiog and did not *ii i-iipiia';;";; 6 i; ,|

would fail' ozl 8. a Mr Mouse stepped when he thought that the business startedto sing a marching-song' out t"-r'"i"ft"Ur-i-u"foi. Oarfso ie stepped and w; ;;;i;i b 8.

caughton and laughedtoo' 9. a I didn't know why John waslaughing at Mr Brown's speech:thenl in many countries' b Wigt foi*omen see* to have iaught on 9,

poor as ever' to 10.a Mv scheme earn money did not work out and I remainedas each. b Ttie hotel bill workedout at f7

10.

26

Exercise26 phrases Rep lacement prepositional : Insert the correct prepositionalphrasefrom the list below into each spacein the passage. to somedegree in no time in particular without scathe in a rush under your nose at any price for the best inafix of note in bad repair to no purpose for a spell at closequarters out of your senses at fault by the way at first sight rn progress at your own risk on time when the lift iammed
Ted had thought that the lift seemed be to

Ted and Jonathan found themselves betweentwo floors.

but Jonathanhad insistedthat they enter it. _

therefore" Jonathan was they were already . Ted,

. As it'was,however,
. for thev had left the ho use too late to arrive had so long looked

forward to meetingJamesJones,an artist

where is the alarm button?' Jonathan asked.

'It's The two men pressed it

,' Ted replied,pointing to it near Jonathan.

: not a sound emergedfrom it!

'We might climb through the top of the lift,' suggested Jonathan. 'I realise that we must get to the meeting

but you must be

to suggestsuch a thing. If you leaye the lift by that way, you do it . I'll not help you to kill yourself!'

The two men beganto call out for help. Soon their cries were answered. 'We'11have you out 'Work on the lift is alreadv After ten minutes, the two men emergedfrom the lift I was quite worried,' confessed Ted. 'However, it may still turn out little adventure. : I'm sure that JamesJoneswill be interested our in
,' came a voice

27

-hr!

'l-

Exercise 27 phrases:the samenoun in dffirent collocations Prepositional phrasesin the groups so write sentences as to show the differencein meaningbetweeneach of the below. f . in line: in one's line
l. a

2. in turn: to a turn 2.a

3. above all; after all 3.a

4. in a minute; to the minute 4.a b 5. againsttime; at a time 5.a

,{r',t *'

6. in spirit; in low sPirits 6.a

7. inpart; in good Part 7. a

0t,t.rt 4-,$,

, ;iil

8. in fashion; in a fashron
g. u l L t' j a ' .' ' t tt

9. as a whole; on the whole

W n.u iL",tL+-,'' t{.u{i -.

b 10. for good; to the good 10. a

co*a o{3*ol

n4

Exercise28 Nounsand adjectives followed by prepositions Insert the appropriate preposition in each spacein the following sentences. 1 Make a suess the answerif you don't know.
him.

2. I've never liked Harrv ever sincemv first encounter 3. Shehas a preference 4. This animal is native 5. Was he found guilty
6. She was destined

trains
South America. the crime?

buses.

the post of chief secretary.

7. 'I shall always be indebted young man.

8. She has good taste

you

savingmy life,' Jean told the

art.
the post.

9. You do not have the necessaryqualifications

10. This blood-stained knife is proof 11. 'The outlook

12. There has been an rncrease 13. This paper is more than adequate

his guilt.

the situationin Asia is not too brisht"' the ForeienMinister said.

the price of petrol.

our purposes. you all?'I asked. young children; let her look after them.
his actions: he is now in a nursins-home.

14. 'What's the matter 15. Betty is very good 16. Black is not answerable 17. I was conscious 18. I didn't care for the preface 19. Be honest the ball? 20. Tom beganthe difficult descent 21. 'What is the charge 22. The ship is bound 23. I showedmy disbelief 24. He was alwaysmindful 25. I shall be obliged 26. Was that joke offensive

a sharp pain in my back.

the book.

me: do you really intend to accept the invitation

the ledge, heedless me?' I asked the policeman.

all danger.

the Far East. the rumour. his heavy responsibility.

an early reply my letter.

you?

29

27. The stranger never spoke a word: he seemedpreoccupied duringthejourneY. bid 28. The youths decidedto make a desperate 29. Paul is busy his homework.
her husband. freedom.

his own thoughts

30. Mrs Green askedfor a divorce

Exdrcise 29 Answer Supply the correct preposition or particle after answerin each spacein the following passage. When the customsofficer realisedthat I couldn't answer at He had caughtsomeone last. 'Why didn't you declarethem?'he asked. 'It seems quite obvious,doesn'tit?' I answered . the Chief.' his the six watches, face lit up'

'Come this way at once,' he said curtly. 'You will have to answer .But what shall I do about the child I am supposed meet?' I cried out. to 'She can wait here a few moments,'he replied. 'But I have to answer her safety,' I protestedin vain'

The customsolicer grabbedme by the arm and took me to a small room near by. He knocked on the door and we entered' 'There's a man whom I've caught smugglingwatches,'he reported.'He answers the name Hausman.' The Chief looked at me. 'Explain everything,'he said slowly. when he bangedhis fist on the deskI beganto mumble somekind of an excuse 'Answer ,'he shouted.

Without waiting for me to reply, he turned to a thick file and beganreadingit. .Ah,' he said triumphantly.'This man answers I a description havehere.'

He beganto fire a volley of questionsat me, but I couldn't even answer half of them. Do Now answerthe following questionsabout the passage. not use the word answerin any of your sentences.

30

l. What did the customsofficer realise? 1.

2. What was the writer's retort to the first question? 2.

3. For whom was the writer responsible?

3. 4. Who was Hausman? 4.

5. How was the descriptionof the man in the file connectedwith the writer?
5. The writer was

6. What was the writer's reaction to the volley of questions? 6.

Exercise30 Bring in in Put each sentence SectionA with the most appropriate sentence SectionB. Write the number in in of the appropriate sentence B in the spaceon the right.of each sentence A. (The first one is done for you.) A Mr Brown brings in over f,20 a week. Bill ought to be brought down a peg or two. Peter'smother and father died when he was young, so his uncle brought him up. they should bring her to. Give her some smelling-salts: Eva Blight is bringing out her next novel in March. Tom's cold has beenbrought on by bathing for too long. It's time that this whole matter was brought forward at one of the meetings. What verdict did the jury bring in? deal after all? Did Green bring off the proposedbusiness brought down the price. As the book was torn, the book-seller 5

31

The clrel conqueror soon brought under all the nativesin the district. What brought about the quarrel betweenJohn and Henry? B 1. His mother, however,thought that it was causedby somethingelse. 2. Look, she'salready regainingconsciousness. 3. Who would like to introduce it? 4. Who is publishingit? 5. I wish I earnedas much as he does. 6. lt was a good bargain. 7. He subduedthem by shooting their leaders' 8. He sacrificeda lot to educatehim. causedit. 9. A slight misunderstanding him not guilty. 10. They pronounced 11. Yes,he'sfar too proud. 12. Yes, it was a greatachievement.

I I

I
I

Exercise31 Carry Supply the correct particle after carry in each spacein the following passage. When Tony found out that Jill was carrying with jealousy and a desirefor revenge. 'I'11make certainthat you don't win the racetomorrow,' he shoutedto Joe. Joe only laughed. Tony shook his fist. 'I'll carrY my threat.' " . Then I
with Joe Higgs, he was carried

The next day the two young men climbed into their cars and preparedfor the big race. It was long and difficult race; only Tony's determination to beat Joe carried him

suddenly on the last lap something seemed to go wrong with Joe's steering. His car crashed into the side and in seconds an ambulance was carrying th.e injured driver verv shocked. but carried

. Tony was

as if nothing had happened, and the end of the day saw

32 him carrying

the covetedtrophy for the race.

Now answerthe following questionsabout the passage. not use the word carry in any of your Do answers. l. With whom was Jill flirtins?

t.
2. Did Tony mean to put into practicewhat he said?

12.
| 3. What sustained Tony during the race?
J.

4. What did Tony do after the accident? 4. 5. What did he win? 5.

I
I

Exercise32
L:ome

trrr"rt the correct preposition aftercomein eachsentence. Then give a word or phrasewith the same meaningas the prepositionalverb or collocation.
l. I have not vet come

the matter of my transfer. 2. The thief came somefierce animal. 3. How much does the bill come

a decision about the old woman.like

4. We came terms and decidedto foreet our past differences opinion. of 5. Mary came aunt died. |
. I

a fortune when her rich that old antique?

6. How did you come

7. It has come _ the headmaster's knowledge that certain boys were absent.

8. I shall come
9. The poor boy came gang of thieves.

age next month.

the influence of a

10. The new languagecentre will come local education department.

the

11.Come

it! I was only joking.

33

il ,l

1 li

- lt*rnr

12. The two boys quarrelled and soon came blows. 13. Suddenly we entered a clearing in the jungle and came a native village. 14. I don't know what came a thine. me to do such

Exercise33 Come come' by Replacethe word in bracketsin the following passage a phrasalvetb using r' i': i 6 he (regained consciousness), was lying at the side When David r I t' ' ' (recurredto his memory)him: he Then everYthing
of the road. had been cycling along when a sports car had quickly (drawn

saw that one of the level with) him, forcing him off the road. He glanced at his cycle beside him and ' (become detached).Then he noticed a poorly-dressed l. *, r. ' ,: ; I nedals had (approaching). 'Cdn I help you?' the stranger asked. at Newtown this 'I've had a slight accident,' David said. I ha','e to play the piano at a concert l- ' ' i|{i .I I ' (take place) at eight o'clock'' evening; the recital is due to 'I'11help you to get there,' the stranger said' 'Aren't you Mr Greenlow?' asked David'
..' ' ' l '' " '-'

'

me,' he said''I've The poor man lookedat him. 'I hopedthat you wouldn't recognise in the world (beenhumbled) sincewe last met.' David tried to stand up, but his ankle hurt him. He cried out with pain. Mr Greenlow at once took off his scarf. 'This will i' '
(serve) as a bandage,' he said.

to David^began limp slowly down the road' (Hurry): we'veno time to lose,'Mr Greenlowsaid'
And so it (happened) that David and Mr Greenlow met at

34

last and started talking about their lives.

-l
I
i

:Your piano playing seemsto be Mr Greenlowbesan. Then David told him how fortunate he had been.A distantrelatiu"nuo

(progressing)very well,' r8-t"t

t<e/. f' Jz'tt

L

(presented himself) and paid for him to attend .a well-known music college. When the , I' -l {- ( F ( ,. k' ,Zd.t^ (been announced), David had final examination results had t
I

,'At^*"

*( /

(emerged) with flying colours.

'Everything 1ru, up by saying.

C'fu'*t

i*tJ

(resulted)just as I wdnted,' David ended

When he had heard David's storv. Mr Greenlow his own sad story.

,.**-*

ftJ

uu tK

(disclosed)

'I wrote a novel which was,very good,' he said. 'The publishers asked me to write a second one, 6rtit :4u"''i LLt! fr (was not equal to) my first one. I spent a long time rei C.,,-t-s.': t'\'cn7

writing it, but later the printers

was another vear befbre ,, i" !' *t't

(went) on strike and the book

'*+c

(received) so much criticism

(waspublished). quicny t%= It ,*x-c**qr t'r&*e* { ix,t*,t that even,

(changedmy opinion) to thinking it was no good.' David suddenlynoticed a large black cloud above them. 'We'd better hurry: a storm seems be to e"W*t\ _--..--.-------fu' (beginning),,he shouted.

Soon David was limping up the steps of the concert-hall in Newtown.

'Thank very you ro*.'rr"u"'uu^'( he to much,' said Mr Green

and spendan eveningwith me.'

tul<,/ ut*4

$isit)

'I'll visit you next Thursday,' Mr Greenlow called back, 'unless anything very important U.l/0, i*u-+[a (arises).,

Exercise34 Cut Replacethe phrasal verb cut by a suitable synonym in each of the sentences below. (The synonym may take the form of either a word or a phrase.) 1. All the oak treesin the forest have been cut down.
l

2. David is not cut out for a doctor. 2.

I I
l! t? i-.r..;.qil

35

Il i

The brilliant scientist was cut of at the peak of his career.

3. 4. Shecut the meat up to giveto the small children. 4. 5. 'You must cut out all smoking and drinking,' Dr Hill told Mr Thomas. 5.

6. The village is cut offby the recentfloods' 6.

1

or You must try to cut down yo:urexpenses you will soon have little money left.

8. The two old women were talking about the new school when Mary cut in. 8.

9. Mr Speedovertook a car and then cut in, making the other car brake suddenly. 9.

10.The strong man cut down six of the enemywith one blow of his sword. 10. 1 1 .The whole town was cut up by the constant bombing. 11. t2. If we take this road, we can cut the others off before they reach the rendezvous. t2 .

Exercise 35 Do (Note that out of Insert the appropriate preposition after do in each of the following sentences. preposition.) is counted as one l. The hermit did
lood and water for three davs.

36

2. Whatever the faults of the old man were, he has alwaysdone well

1
3. You must all do the passage 4. l'm very hot: I could do
5. Poor Ann was done

Chinesefor homework.
a cold drink. her share of the reward. me, will be here soon.

6. Mrs Brown, the woman who does

7. Sergeant west drilled six holesin the bucket,hung it upsidedown and madeit do a shower. 8. The youth swore that he would do
anyone who betrayed him to the police.

Rewrite the sentences without usingdo in any form. The words and phrases which may be substituted for do I preposition are listed bel=ow. (Not-ethat they are not givdn i" oia"i.i keepsmy houseclean translateinto kill
was deprived of

dispensed with treated

want serye as

2.

3.

4.

I
i

5.

6.

'7.

8.

Exercise36 Do Replacethe phrasal verb do in the following passage a word or phrasewith the samemeanins. by
I wanted to have the house (done up), so I sent for Smith and Law. 37

men tried to However, I had been warned by Fred that the two down) everyone theY could.

(do

I noticed a wall which had been painted They were about to leave after one day's work when very badly. 'You must (do over) this wall again before you leave" I insisted'

.can't we leave it until tomorrow?' they asked.'we're absolutely (donefor) aftera whole day'swork''
'I've already told my housekeeper to come this evening and this room afier you've finished,' I replied'

(do up)

jacket' Then,without waitingfor an answer'I hastilyput on my leather

could to the post office' I must have (did up) the zip, and got on my bicycle. I cycled as quickly as I (done in) on my arrival there, for Mr North, the postappeared qui man. offered to helP me to

(do up) my parcel.

ExerclsebJ/ Draw in each space in the following passage' Supply the correct particle or preposition after elraw and the days began to draw I shall always remember last year. As summer drew --playing cricket in the field at the side of the , David, Tom, and I spent all our evenings fifty pence into the bank and drew -bank in our village. On one particular day, I went in the middle American car drew to buy a new ball. I was on my way out when a large of the road outside the bank. .you,ll have to draw .-_---out to the four men in the car' men in the car were obviously in no mood Although the road was rarely used by any traffic, the to be drawn an argument and did as I suggested' over here so there is room for any other traffic to pass,' I called

after watching three of the men enter the Even then something struck me as suspicious and, standing beside the car' and I tried to draw him bank, I went over to the fourth man. He was . Instinctively he drew 38 'Let's draw . when I saw David and Tom coming, I left him'

hand' the first to bat,' said Tom' holding the bat tightly in one

rdwf

n
II

I was just about to agreewhen there was a shout from the direction of the bank. The three men were running out, holding bags of money. 'There's been a robbery,' someoneshoutedas the large car drew Soon the police had arrived, and we were taken to the station as witnesses. However, they could draw little our story, although I describedthe fourth man in great detail.

'All right, John. We've got all the information for the present,'Sergeant Blinks told me. 'There's no needto draw your story.'

I felt a little resentfulof the police sergeant's attitude. .Ifyoudon,tsolvethisrobbery,you,lldraw-agreatdealofcriticismfromthepresS,' Iwarnedhim,drawingmyself-..It,sthethirdrobberyofthisnaturewithintwomonths.' A week later I was askedto go at once to the police-station.I gaspedwhen I saw the man who had beenwaiting outside the bank. 'That's him,j'I whispered. The sergeantsmiled. oGood,' he said, 'I'm sure we'll be able to draw a confession him now.' 'I never wanted to rob the bank,' the man cried out. 'I was drawn bv the others.' .Nowtellusthewholestoryandwe,1ldraw-astatementforyoutosigp1iSergeant Blinks said to him. Do Now answerthe following questions about the passage. not usethe word, draw(unlessas part of a compound word) in any of your answers. How much did the writer withdraw from the bank?

What happened when he was leaving the bank?

A car What did the writer trv to do to the fourth man?

How did Tom suggest three boys decidewho was to bat first? the

5. Who tried to prolong the account of the robbery? 5.

f-+L

6. According to the writer, what would happenif the police did not solve the robbery? 6.

when he said this? 7. What attitude did the writer assume 1. 8. What was the excusewhich the fourth man gave? 8.

Exercise38 Give by Replacethe words in bracketsin the following passage a phrasal verb using give. 'All passengers wishing to go ashoremust authorities) their passPorts.'
This announcement came as welcome news, for my wife and I had always wanted to visit Gibraltar. In fact, I had (resigned) my job three months ago in order to go (hand to the proper

on this cruise and see the world. Consequently,we counted ourselvesvery lucky when the chief
engineer told us that one of the ship's engines had (broken down)

and that we would be calling at Gibraltar to repair it. Although an official guide had come on board and was busy (distributing) colourful travel brochures,we decidedto look around the place on our own. We had
long since books.

(stopped)trying to find out about a place from guide

to As we walked along the quayside,dozensof small boys beganto attach themselves us. At last, my patience
(came to an end) and I shouted at them. It was

by gettingnearlunch time and we passed a small restaurant;the food (emitted) a most delicioussmell. So we walked in. We sat at a table on a terrace which Spanishcourtyard. which I had bought, and beganto read it. I picked up an English newspaper 40
(Stop) reading,' my wife scolded me. Although I wanted to (looked out on) an old

"l
read the headlines, I immediately (yielded) to my wife's wishes The meal was excellent. When I asked for the bill, however, the waiter totalled the amount up in Spanish and then (announced) a completely different price in

English. 'You've (betrayedyourself): I speak Spanish,' I told the

astonished waiter as I handed him the correct amount. My wife wanted to see the apes, for she had long herself to) the care of dumb animals. She had (devoted (given freely) most

of my money to various organisations which cared for animals. This, I suspected,was the real reason why she had been so keen on visiting Gibraltar.

Exercise 39 Hold Replace.the words in brackets in each of the following sentencesby the verb holdfollowed by an appropriate particle or preposition. l. Poor Mrs Wall could not accident. (restrain) her tears when she heard of the

2. The city is without water: it cannot 3. We all hope that the weatherwill 4. Outlaws
jj

(resist)much longer. (keep fine) for the big procession.

i.J; i'

t-t

(stopped and robbed) the stage-coach. (adhere to) my original opinion that the plan is foolhardy. r....'::a (last) for more than two days at this rate.

5. 1 .1i11 /t.s(t

e* r'

6. The water will not 7. Oliver's behaviourwas

(cited) as an exampleof what could happen if

a person cameunder the influenceof bad people.

3.. li*'*.- ','stranger,'the frightenedman said..

I

(Stop): I'll tell you all you want to know about the

9. I hope that the storm will 10.The meeting has been

{'4f'' .r f-r"
tr ,t.l,' u

n ') '

(stay away) until tomorrow. (postponed)until next week at the sametime.

r"''"':'il
,i.

n. The timid youth

\- .;.1,

(hesitated)when the leader of the expedition asked for

a volunteer to cross the narrow bridge.

12.The junior clerk had little initiative and found it hard to

',

iv'-

Ll

(keep)his job.

41

to 13. We managed ments arrived. 14. Mr Law lovesto education. 15. Joe'smother doesnot

(keep at a distance)the enemypatrols until reinforce-

(speak at length) on the subject of the new system of

(approve of) these modern dances.

Exercise40 Knock in put each sentence SectionA with the most appropr.ialesentence SectionB. Write the number in in r""i""ce in B in the spaceon the-right side of each sentence A. ;i;#6p;;fiat" A I knocked on the door three times. I knocked my hand againstthe door. . He wantedf 100for the motor-cycle, I knockedhim down to [80. but ' We usually knock off at five o'clock. 1 The Turk knocked me out in the secondround' We soon knocked up a table from the wood in the forest' knock me up early tomorrow morning' Please :' I've knocked about in many places. ' f knocked this poem off before I went to bed' The most I can do is to knock off ten dollars' , Be carefulor you'Il knock yourselfup with working too hard' .- How many runs did You knock uP? B l. Did you expectto lose the fight so soon? 2. I'11awakenYou as soon as I get uP' 3. I've also travelledaround a lot. 4. Can't you deduct anYmore? 5. Did you hurt Yourself? 42 6. Do You go straight home then?

7. I scored twenty-eight. 8. Did anyone answer? 9. It certainly appears to have been made very quickly. 10. That was a good bargain. ll. I also spent only a short time on writing mine. 12. I don't feel at all tired or unwell.

Exercise 41 Lay Supply the correct particle or preposition after lay in each space in the following passage. Mr Robinson must have laid Everyone in the small town knew that he had laid a vast amount from his business,

but no one had ever guessedexactly how much until he bought the new house. Indeed, at first, when he described the house, many people thought he was laying it which had been extremely well laid .' . The spacious gardens,

. were most impressive. four of the six

However, Mr Robinson was not foolish with his money and laid gardeners in the winter. He also laid u?)

his expensive car during the winter months, for he

did not like going out in the cold weather. He knew much about the management of a big estate and he frequently laid .i the law on a number of points. Sometimes his friends would

compliment him on his capacity for organisation. 'Lay ,' he would reply. 'It has taken me four months to get electricity laid '' !'

When asked why he had bought the house and retired from the world of business so early in his life, he confessedthat his doctor had told him to lay poor health. One day, a few months after acquiring the house, Mr Robinson was roaming about his large him with his walkingestate when two men attacked him. Mr Robinson immediately laid ' many blows and soon laid the stick, but his efforts were of no avail. The men laid wealthy man . A passer-by found him lying unconscious on the path. He never forgot 43 for a long period on account of his

this experience and had a high wall built zround his estate.

Do not use the wotd lay in any of your Now answer the following questionsabout the passage. answers. 1. What did everyonein the town know?

What did peoplethink when Mr Robinson first describedhis new house?

during the winter months? What happenedto four of the gardeners

What did Mr Robinson do with his car in winter?

What took four months?

What did Mr Robinson'sdoctor tell him to do?

What happened to Mr Robinson when he was attacked by the two men?

Exercise42 Pass using the verb pass followed.by -anappropriate particle .or preposition' In Rewrite each sentence, constructron. in make changes word order or sentence you will have t--o cases ""ituin l. Mr Johnson looks so distinguishedthat he could easily be acceptedas a famous diplomat. 1.

the 2. He completelydisregarded main point in his speech'

z.
a

Mr Smith treated the entire outburst as a poor joke'

3.
hard times. 4. The poor youth is experiencing 44

4.

"t

5. Has your stomach-ache goneyet? 5. 6. Miss Brown pretendedto be a duchess, but severalpeople knew who shereally was. 6.

7. The cadetswill sraduatenext week. 7. 8. The school concert was verv successful. 8.
9. Edward got rid of the counterfeit coin at the booking-office.

9. 10. Severalschooleirlsfainted when the film starsarrived. 10.

I l. David's glandfather died last week. ll. 12. Pleasereturn the box of chocolates to me when you have taken one.

t2.

Exercise43 Pay Write sentences containing a phrasal verb usingpay with each of the following meanings: 1. Take revenge on 2. Return (what is owing) 3. Spend
l.

4. Slacken rope a 5. Pay (in full) a debt 6. Pay a personwagesand dischargehim

2.

45

4.

5.

6.

Exercise 44 Pick Then give a word or phrase ' Insert the correct particle or preposition after pick itr each sentence. with the samemeaning. 1. It was difrcult to pick Tom taken twentYYearsago. 2. Mrs Allison picked the sale. 3. 'What time shall I pick you playboy. in this photograph a valuable antique vas at ?' askedthe young

4. The enemy were hiding in the trees and started to pick our soldiers. 5. 'Where did you pick Jonesaskedme. this information?' Colonel

Alfred? He's done nothing to harm 6. 'Why pick you,' I told the gang - 'Mrs Green has picked or two,' the nurse told us. a lot during the last day

8. When I learnt that Mr Moneybagswas paying for the gift, I picked the most exPensive Pen' three survivors' your feet,' Corporal

9. The life-boat has picked 10. 'March smartly and pick Green shouted.

a rl

Exercise45 Put Insert a phrasalverb usingput in eachof the following sentences.

l. Mrs Thompson managed to Africa.

(save)f100 for the trip to South

no wonder I arrived here an hour early: I forgot to i' ?.'llt's my watch beforeI went to bed.'
'u"^! 3. Do vou wish me to

(retard)

(advance) this suggestion to the committee?

E ilrr, people
deceived everyone.

Bell

(considered him as) a fool, but in the end he

f* i,

s rn. inspector

(submitted) a claim for milease allowance each month.

1-6.$arry did not hurt his hand as badly as everyone thought: he was (exaggerating) order to get your sympathy. in 7. 'Operator,please 8. The Health Department has

me

(connect) to Newtown 6712.' (published) several pamphlets on

first aid. 19. Fpgin people's pockets.

'10. The Independent Party have candidate. lfl When the police accused Smith, he surprise. (assumed) an air of complete

t\

Oliver

(instigated him to) stealing handkerchiefsfrom

(proposed)Mr Silverdaleas their

L2. You must write to vour uncle: vou can't 13. Mr Steinwor k .

it

(evade it) any longer.

his success

(attributed it to) determination and hard

14. 'How can you possibly hope to arrive there by eight o'clock?' Ann (interposed).

t;

The anny were unable to 1.1,5.

*. ' ',i

(suppress) revolt. the

(extinguish) the big fire at the

6 . nt took the men severalhours to warehouse.

17. Mrs Lodge promisedto travellers.

(provide accommodation for) the weary

47

18. She told Janet and David not to 19. The boat will

(imposeupon) Mrs White.

(leave shore) at midnight.

20. Who
21. Tom and Henry have agreed to 22.'I hope I shall not -

(spread) rumour that the President the was ill?

(produce) 'Macbeth' for the festival. you (inconvenience) by my visit. (postponed) until after the holidays. (call) at Aden,' the travel agent told us. (consumed) a big plate of food and half a bottle

23. The concerthas now been

boats 24. 'Most of the passenger

25. The hungry traveller of wine. 26. We were

(worried)by your long absence.

77t The poor girl is threatening to commit suicide: she ought to be (confined) in a mental home.

28. -your

homework

(Leave it until later) and come for a walk with us. (made a claim for) two weeks'leave. (gained)?

1fiI'u"
30. How much weight have you

i 31. I4ary has--cold it will be. 32. We were

me

(discouraged) trip to Europeby tellingme how my

(annoyed) by John's complete indifference to our plight. (raised in price).

33. Petrol has not yet been

French art, but he cannot 34. Professor Smith is an authority on nineteenth-century (successfully convey)his subjectto the students.
35. When Hal became king, he

(discarded) youthful ways. his

(dislocated) his shoulder when he fell against the goalpost. (built) a greenhouseat the bottom of the garden. for auction (offered for sale bv auction).

36. Joe 37. Jack'sfather has 38. The old housewill soonbe 39. The tiny fishing-boat 40. Who
41. How much time did you

(returned) to shore when the storm began.

the money (provided) for John's bookshop? (spend) at the factory yesterday?

48

42. I can't

(tolerate)Mr Lighthead:he's a fool.

r'rurrrmr'r' -n

*!"pEnu

'finm,

"l
Exercise 46 Stand Supply the correct particle or preposition after standin each spacein the following passage. 'Please don't stand ceremony,'George said rather stiffiy to wills.

He had never liked the fellow and there were times when he wonderedif Wills might be standing the opponents of the Party. George did not realise how hostile his own attitude was until Wills remarkedon it. 'Your mistrustof me stands a mile,' Wills laughed.

Georgefelt embarrassed and apologisedprofusely. 'I've just come to let you know that if you want to stand to stand parliament, I shall be happy

so that you'll have a better chanceof being elected,'continued Wills.

Georgebeganto feel ashamedof himself. 'What is the Chiefs attitude to this?' he asked. 'The Chief stood you at the committee meeting this morning,' Wills the strain of an election

replied. 'He feels that you will be able to stand -better than I can in my poor state of health.'

'What about the big meeting?'Georgeasked. .Thatcanstand-untilwehavedecidedonyouaSourcandidate,,Willssaid..Afew of my closestsupportersmay stand in the bestinterests the Party.' of Georgeheld out his hand to wills and beganto thank him for all he was doing. oYoucan count on me,' Wills said.'I'll stand.you until you're elected.' Now answerthe following questionsabout the passage. not use the word stand (unless Do as part of a compound word) in any of your answers. l. What did Georgesometimes suspect about Wills? l. for a while, but most of them will do whateveris
I

ril
I

.j

2. What wasWills preparedto do if Georgewishedto be considered a candidatefor parliament? a-s 2.

a J.

Whom did the Chief support? 49

J.

4. What did the Chief feel that Georgecould do better than Wills?
/1

What would happen to the big meeting?

5. of 6. How might a few closesupporters Wills react? 6.

Exercise 47 Take (Note Supply the correct particle or preposition after take in each space in the following passage. as one preposition.) th;t- oit of is counted I could see that George was very taken _my sister Shirley and so it came as no surprise The two young people went to a several famous people.

when I learnt this evening that he was taking her -. concert to see Walter Weeks, the well-known comedian, taking I had not taken --to take him -'--

George when I first met him at university. In fact, I had threatened but he refused to fight. However, he took it himself to start

criticising the hostel where I was staying. At that time he seemedfar too proud and needed to be taken --. Shortly after this incident, however, his mother died and poor George took very badly. I felt a lot of pity for him, now that I know George better I take -everything I previously thought about him' When George and Shirley returned after the concert, they told me about a strange meeting. Their wild rush to the station to catch the last train home had taken it --them and they had

sunk breathlessly into the seats of the first compartment they reached. There was only one other person in the compartment. At first Shirley took him a lawyer. Then they had fallen

into conversation and he had told them that as a youth he had been taken the police for forgery. On coming out of prison, he had reformed completely and had taken the job of watchman at a big store. A kind old lady had taken him _near-

by and he had lived very comfortably. His employer, however, had eventually learnt about his 50 prison record and had taken it his head to take twenty dollars each week

when he paid his wages. This was the price for his employer's silence, for the man knew that no one else would take him if they found out. the police?' George had asked.

'Why don't you take the matter

'It's too late,' the man had sighed. 'I've decided to go to a different town and get another job. The only dfficulty is that I haven't enough money left to get board and lodgings for the next two night s . ' The result was that George had put his hand in his pocket and had taken I groaned when George flnished his story. . Y ouwer eo b v i o u s l y ta k e n -,Ge o Ig e ,,Is a i d..Y outakeme:you' retoo good-natured.' ten dollars.

Now answer the following questions about the passage. Do not use the verb take in anv of vour answers.

l. What was George's attitude to Shirley?

1 l.

2. What was Walter Weeksdoins? 2. 3. Did the writer like Georeewhen he first met him? 3.
4. What had the writer threatened to do?

4.
5. How did George react to his mother's death?

5.
6. What effect did the rush to the station have on George and Shirley?

6. 7. what did the employer know would happenif peoplefound out about the man? 1.

8. In the writer's opinion, what had the man done to Georse?

8. 9. Whom doesthe writer think Georseresembles? 9. 5I

Exercise 48 Throw Explain the meaning of the collocations containing throw in the following sentences. l. When Mr Jones arrived at the office, he threw himself into improving the design of the new aircraft. l.

2. Ann gave only f5 for the camera; the shopkeeper even threw in a roll of film. 2.

a J.

The fault of the drilling equipmentthrew back the rescueby at least twenty:four hours.

a J.

4. The novelist threw out many ideas for plots in his talk' 4.

5. The voyage was very rough and before long half of the passengerswere leaning over the rails, throwing everything uP.

5.

were thrown out by the committee. 6. All Bill's suggestions 6.

he 7. Consequently, becamevery bitter and threw up his job. 7.

8. 'I shall throw myself on the mercy of the court,' the repentantcriminal told the jury. 8.

9. The teacherlistenedwhile I told the story, occasionallythrowing in a few short questions. 9.

52
I

.\

l0' I knew that I was being followed by the man in the blue suit, but I couldn't manage to throw him off.

10.

a9 ,9xer.15e
lUrn I

Supply the correct particle or preposition after turnin each spacein the following passage. When John turned his old friends in the youth club, they at once turned

Mr Marks for advice. 'What elsedo you expect?'Mr Marks said,suddenlyturning them. 'When you

found the two watches missing at your last meeting, you asked John to turn his pockets
. That was a cruel and an unkind thins to do.' 'But we had already turned the whole room ,'David pointed out.

'Nevertheless, made mattersworseby turning you next committeemeeting.Later, when he did turn .-*promptly turned him
John's old friends went away and turned the problem intended that such a misunderstandine should arise.

John'srequestto attendthe the meeting,you

; they had certainly never

'Let's turn

now and at once write a letter of apology to John,, suggestedDavid, at this idea. John's support,' moaned Peter. ,' said another bov. our club accounts to David,' Peter suggested..Someone

but several of the other boys turned their noses

'The very future of the club turns 'Don't worry. Something will turn 'I suggest that we turn

will have to do them now that John has left us.'

David. however. had other ideas.

'Everything will turn had enoughfor tonight: I'm turning

all right in the end and John will come back., he said. .I've .' He yawned.

'The radio's too loud,' Petercut in. 'Turn it

'Let's all go to sleep now,' someone else said. 'Turn our discussion tomorrow.'

a little.'
the light and we'll continue fi

'Wait a moment,' Peter said. 'I suggestwe hold a big club meeting: everyonewill turn to attend it and someone may have a bright idea'' to be turned _--.A week later the club room was crowded out and a few boys even had The meeting almost turned __-_=-.conclusion. to a satisfactorY the wotd turn in any of your Now answer the following questions about the passage'Do not use answers. 1. What did John do to his old friends at the club? '

a riot, but Mr Marks' strong leadership guided it through

What did his friends do then?

What had John'sfriendsdone to his request?

What happened when John appeared at the meeting?

What did the boys do when they left Mr Marks?

What did Peter say about the club's future?

What did David saY he was going to do?

What happened to a few boys who came to the big meeting?

Who stoppedthe meetingfrom becominga riot?

Exercise50 Out Insert an appropriateword in each spacebefore out' 54 1.'Let's out near this stream,' one of the boy-scoutssaid'

1
2. Ann is now an active member of the debating society and is the class monitor. She used tobea
very quiet girl but she's certainly out.

3.

out and take a five-minute rest,' SergeantBlinks shouted. the concertout, but it's extremely boring.
out and abandoned the villaee.

+.I suppose haveto we'll

5. The troops have now 6. Things will get better: let's 7. 8. I'm going to bed: I feel 9.

it out a little lonser.

out vour mouth.' the dentistsaid.

out.

out! You'll slip if you're not careful.

out.

10. I travel home from the college every day: I like 11. 12. Joe tried to 13.The dentist 14.The rationswill not out the joking: this is a very serious matter.

out that I was also implicated in the robbery. out my two front teeth. out more than a day or two.

15.The manager had had enough of the young clerk's insolence and promptly
him out.

16.There's nothing in the kitchen, so we'll have to 17. It's time you 18. 'I want to keep them all.' David 19. The moon has 20. The pilot managedto out all the books you don't want. out.

out tonight.

out the sun and there is now a total eclipse.

out while the burning planewasstill high in the sky.

Exercise51

otr
Insert an appropriate word in each space before off. 1. 'How do I get to Smalltown?' I enquired. 'Go a mile down this road and then

off at the big hotel.' 2. Mary and Joan were so hungry that they soon in front of them.
off the big plate of food

3. Don't try

off your uselessthings on me.

It ofi. J)

4. The professor's bow-tiecameoffwhile he wasspeaking, hejust but

5. 'I am said. DaY 6. The Speech

off my departure until a decision has been reached,' the chairman

off very well: all the visitors were impressed. off with a,small fine.

7. The carelessdriver was very lucky indeed: he Somejudgeswould have sent him to prison' 8. Henry is 9. You may as well 10.

off his extra energyby playing basketball. Simon off: you can't rely on him to do anything' off at the end of this exercise,'Mr Davis told the class' him off by telling him it would be

ll. Alfred wanted to comewith us, but I very unpleasant.

t2. My plan to meet the famous star

lJ.

off after all, off. People constantlYtell

Don't take anY notice of George: he him to be modest.

14. The police have

off this sectionof the street. off during ProfessorGreen's talk. off bothering the tourists when I approached' off at the last minute'
off.

15. I was very tired and 16. The smallboYs 17. Paul said he would come,but he

18. Mr Day is too old for the job: it's time he was

r 19.
are 20. Simpson's

off the uselessmaid and ordered her to leave at once'

off all their old shoesat half-price.

52 Exercise Up
Insert an appropriate word in each space before up' l. Harry began eating the meat with a spoon and of all the other guests'

his parents up in front

2. Well done! If You 3. Let's play football when the weather Small is verY 4. Professor 5. Who 56 6. This firm has

it up, you'll win a scholarshiP. up. up in his research. storY? up sucha strange up a reputation for reliabilitY over the past few Years.

t
7. What would you like to be when you 8. Mr Brisht up?

up when he beganto talk about motor-racing-a sport which

obviously interestedhim very much. 9. If you worry like this, you'll 10. I shall stay at home this morning and I l. I could tell what the speakerwas juvenile crimes. 12. The dentistcan't seeyou this week: he's 13. Mr Day soon up everyday. up a nervouswreck.
up on my correspondence. up to when he began to talk about

up a bill for f,100during his stay at the expensive hotel. up.

14. I'll come to the meetingwith you unlesssomethingimportant 15, Tony 16. 17. 'Don't 18. The soldiers decided to [9. Business is up such a fuss when his friend broke his bicycle. up! Everything will turn out all right.

up yet; I've something elseto tell you,' I shoutedinto the telephone. up the bridge after they had crossedthe river. up at last: we riray becomerich after all.

20. You can't keep this scandalsecret:it's too big to be

up.

Exercise53 Combinations with ro sE Insert in each,spacethe correct tenseof the verb to be and a suitable particle or preposition. (Use the contracted form wherever possible.) l. Mr Greenhasdecided lastto leave wife; he says at his that she (nags)him every minute he is at home. 2. This butter
(has gone bad); don't eat it.

3. We'd better wait a little longer: Peterand Tom very soon. 4. For someStrange reasonthe principal masters. 5. Would you mind running to the shop, John? I up all my) matches.

(will come)

(dislikes)the two new

(have used

57

6. I knew that Mr Brown sure of the others. 7. Betty said that she and would never speakto them again. to 8. 'It's reassuring know that You Mr Day told the chief clerk. 9. We knew that we murders. 10. I'm not sure whath e about us. 11. The horsesare all lined up; now they

(understood)me, but I was not so

(had finished)with her two false friends

(support)me in this mdtter,'

(had discovered)the true motive for the

(wants): he's always asking questions

(have started)!

12. Tom's father wanted to know how many subjects son !$ (had failed in.)
(have entered for) the next race.

1 3 .Only.a few boys 14.Fred

be able to repair the set.

(knows a lot about) radio and wireless.I think he'll

Exercise54 : Replacementphrasal verbs Insert the correct phrasal verb from the list below in each spacein the passage' slipped up barked oit hit it off stick out for 'You've told me, gleefully rubbing his hands together. I had never with the old miser and I had become so his mean and cunning ways that I was determined to him once and for all. He was about to start again when I 58 \_ suddenly run away with fed uP with buzz off cottoned on to have it out with Pushedoff fallen behind with flared up your payments on the radio,' Mr Moneybags

tr

_rrI

at the the idea that vou can take the

too of mv voice. 'Don't

radio back. You've

left for me to pay.' Mr Moneybags was momentarily bowled over by this

this time: there'sstill anotherweek

outburst.

He did

not

dare to

the payment because knew I was right. he 'Do you wish me to call the police?'I threatened. 'I'm surethey'll be interested your business.' in The old miser shook his head: he
what I meant and at

Exercise55 Verbs followed by prepositions Insert the appropriate.preposition in each spacein the following sentences. (Note that out of is countedas one preposition.) l. Don't interfere
matters which are no concern of yours. the matter,' the manager instructed

2. 'The radios have not arrived yet; pleasesee me.

3. Is it safeto invest 4. I shuddered 5. Dorothy worked

her.

this business?
the sight of the man lying in the middle of the road. the young lawyer's sympathy and persuaded him to defend

6. John has surpassed everyone in his class

his determination to succeed. a state of poverty. any old photographs of the

7. The man was soon reduced

8. Pleaselet me know if you ever happen to light school. 9. Closeyour eyesand wish anything you like.

10. I'm sure that your good characterwill weigh I l. Jamesreflected

could have made.

thejury.

his previous decision and knew that it was the only one he

12. Everyonecredited the clerk 13. Can you cope

more intelligence than he actually possessed.

this problem?

59

14. The rope was tested

strain. his left onewhen

15. The poor child found it difrcult to co-ordinatehis right hand he was learning to PlaYthe Piano. 16. I wish to Protest 17. The roadsconverge 18. I pride myself
and a dishonest one. 19. He refused to ParticiPate

your decision: it is unfair. the new town at this Point. my ability to distinguish an honestperson

our little savingsscheme. Mrs Robinson. and there was somedoubt about her illness.
a coma.

20.'The doctorshad to operate whether or not she would Pull

21.Eventually she lapsed 22. I insisted

z).

seeingthe managerin Person. the school rules,' Mr Head said. the travellersthat the map was inaccurate. poor Fred: choosesomeoneyour own size,' George told the

'Everyonemust comPlY

24. lt eventuallydawned 25.'Stop picking

bully. swindledme 26.The cunning salesman

L2.

27.Mr Bell looked very tired: I could seethat the hard work wasbeginningto tell
him. the injured footballer? the short letter a deepermeaningthan the one which was intended. the whims of the dictator.

28.May I substitute 29.He read 30.We refuse to submit

Exercise 56 Nounsanil adjectives followed by prepositions Insert the appropriate prepositionin each spacein the following sentences' L The director gaveme no credit 2. Tony was not content 3. The three boys showed little respect 60 \___ instructions. my part in increasingthe firm's sales' his job as a junior clerk. their teacher when they disobeyed his

1
4. Shehad a thirst
knowledge; this caused her to read books on many subjects.

5. When Joe heard of Elizabeth'svisit to Henry, he was consumed 6. The soldier chargedat the enemypost, regardless 7. Mr Green had a high regard 8. This ring is identical
9, She gave me a look Imne. contempt.

jealousy. danger.

the old doctor's skill and wisdom.

10, 'Have mercy

us,'the peasants cried to the king. other people'sbeliefs. the big fight?
his cowardice.

I l; You must learn to be tolerant 12. Can you get me a ticket 13. Dobson is notorious 14. Jack felt a lot of sympathy 15. Is Jonescompetent 16. Although I was absorbed
answering back.

his old friend. the task? my work when Mr Law came in, I was quick

17. Was the accidentfatal 18. The Chief was explicit a short excerpt 19. Previously,I had greatrespect me when I met him. 20. Ann was desirous

the pedestrian? his instructionsand told us not to let the pressread even the letter. the famouspianist, but he was very discourteous

accompanyingher husband, but he insisted that she must

her aged parents.

stay at home and show a little consideration 21. This place is infested 22. Yoar account is consistent 23. I was very indignant \ rats.

the other descriptionsof the accident. the self-righteous attitude of the stranger. her ways.
acompanymg

24.The old housekeeper very good, but she'sset is 25, Marv was sick me on my visit there. 26. Good weatherwas vital her native country and was set

the success the whole operation. of

28. Is the house secure 29. There is a heavypenalty 30. 'Take care

the typhoon? trespassing this estate. on yourself,' Mrs Mills called out to me. 6I

Exercise 57 Miscellaneous Insert the correct preposition or particle in each spacein the following passage' We got at six o'clock and soon started our climb, though we were faced--.our long the

walk. The day seemed Perfect possibility

noon.

spendingthe night on the mountain side if we didn't reach the summit

Fortunately, John Land was

man _--.___-.-

charge

our small party. John was a

whom everyone always had a lot of respect; even the instructors looked

him. The mountain seemedto tower stepped the small crevices

the mountarn, wary John

us as we the south face.We jumPed

the foot

the direction

the long slabsof rock slipping. We all felt grateful

x I

being particular them.

the condition of our boots, for we knew then

that our livesdePended Soon we were climbing -

the steep face' John led the way, paying the rope
danger: it seemed and

whenever necessary.He was impervious

little consequence him how high he was.

climbed until twelve-not quite noon!

As we sat

length we reached the summit. It was five

one of the boys in our party almost tumbled to eat our sandwiches the side. John Land rushed forwards and caught hold completedisregard
his own safety.

the boy,

We had almost finishedour lunch when John looked the horizon.

ilf the rain holds the village We packed our things

a small cloud

until we have left the summit, we should arrive he sunset,' said. and jumped the other side ' our feet. the mountain' We had ; we were all put

We beganthe long climb

not gone more than a few hundred feet when the storm came this stroke bad luck'

62

One

the boys beganto comPlain

the weather.

'Shut

,' John cut

'This rain will pass

a few minutes.' An hour later it was fine asam. 'Now we must make parents that we should all return continued.'I hope you won't let me
Then he saw that I was dragging

Iost time,' John said. 'I promisedyour

the village nine o'clock,' he

'Hold

a moment,'I called

'My boot-laces have come undone.'

'Let me help you,' said John as he did one orders not to hans , the other boys carried them and soon caught

A minute later John and I hurried them.

The sun was just setting when we reached the inn, completely fagged to eat the hot meal that the inn-keeper was the process

and ready

dishing

Exercise 58 Miscellaneous Insert the correct preposition or particle in each space in the following passage. Suddenly the men

the mine were conscious the dynamite the entrance Therewasa danser the tiny chamber
breath and felt

a loud explosion realisthe main shaft and bring flooding

the end

and falling rocks. Someone must have set ine that it would blow a cave--. I the bargain. The nine miners
the shaft gasped a light. It seemeda grim prospect long, rescue operations had got

the miners.
way, although a few people

were so bility
hope and worked

heart that they ruled therebeingany survivors.The rescue workersrefusedto give

the clock

the possi-

their efforts to dig a way

1!

a few hours they heard faint tapping noises made 63

J.

the men flooding the mine if

the chamber, but there was a very great danger

they kept

digging any further. thing to be done: they must call drilling a hole
the the surface.

the circumstances, there was only

the digging and set

hundred feet This would,

earth which separated the chamber necessity,be a lengthy operation and would

all

probability take
and were

talked it leastthreeor four days.The rescuers

one that it was the best waY every respect. as planned. Once the drill

the most part the drilling went

ran another occasionit broke and soon repaired the drill.

an extremely hard layer of rock;

presentpitched but all the mechanics

The nine survivors waited anxiously. One miner had been pinned heavy beam but the other eight had pitted their strength and had freed him. However, he was such agony that he passed

twenty-four hours, a communication tube had been sunk

and the survivors had asked came the pain ease food and medical supplies. When the poor mrner druss which made

, fherefore, they were able to ply him

'Don't let

now,' they told him. 'The drill will soonbreak

[ood

had little appetite Somesurvivors

man prevailed food which had been sent

first, but the forethe

them to eat and they were soon nibbling . They were able to put ._=_---

the discomfort all the more when they talked the communication tube. the end the thought

their families the fourth day theY were being rescued.

good spirits
Then it happened. The break

came and the (lrill appeared.It was almost their feelings the sight the drill.
the surface

beliei and the men could not hold

relief. They shouted

One

jov

one the trapped miners were brought

a steel capsule. Each was acclaimed

his rescuers raptures as they saw the

64 reaching the srlrface. The lookers--

were

suryrvors emerge eyes as they stepped

person. Dark glasseswere fitted the capsule

their

the bright sunlight

four days rushed

gloom. The miner who had been iniured was

an ambulance. Although the other eight appeared to be waiting ambulances which sped and reunited

good health, they were also taken

the nearby hospital where they were given a medical check-their families.

Exercise59 Miscellaneous Insert the correct preposition or particle in each. spacein the following passage. Where a meaning is given in brackets,put the required phrasal verb in the space.
I went and we had arrived the airport to see my father (alighted) good time, we enquired the waiting-room. He pointed half-way time of our flight. The walls of the waiting-room were attractively decorated paintings. Howevr, the large room, itself, was crowded , chatting . A plane ornaments and people were standing Japan had just come Japanese. I heard a them when a voice last week. We took a taxi the Information Office. Knowins that

the clerk the way

some stairs ahead and we were the loudspeaker announced the

, and the crowd was composed mostly

customs officer commentins 'I'm going to dispense

fided

all the bustle. formalities

some extent,' he con-

his colleague.
such a large crowd,' answered the other man. 'I just (understand) the reason it.' 65

'We can't possiblycope

can't I

.&.

'I'm also

a loss to understand it,' the first customs officer said (be attributed to) the fact that a few aeroplanes

a whisper. 'I think it maY

have been diverted the typhoon there.'

Hong Kong

account

My father and I decided to look

tion was caught building.My atten

the shops
a beautiful vase, fashioned

the terminal

ivory, but I was surprised tricks, I keeoer's

ever, the man refused to

the high price. Wise

(began) haggling

the shop-

the price. How-

(reduce)the price and we hurried _-.--, a time the shoPPing began to Pall the airport restaurant our seat the window we could see some huge bird of PreY

buying anything. us. and we went cup

tea.

an aeroplane taxiing slowlY wings. outspread

I have a great dislike fears travelling

air and I became tormented

my father'ssafetY. (suitable for) a pilot,' my father joked, the thought of flying.

vain to laugh mY fears my departure,' ulY father said, looking

'You're certainlYnot obviously completelY I tried 'Well, it's now time

the announcement

the closed-circuit television set. your passport,'I called him.

the roof

'Hang
waved good-bye

asI

I went

the terminal to have a clearer view (met by We ages. stoodtogether,watching all the other passengers the cabin. life and the aeroplaneset slowly. Then

the aeroplane leaving. It was then that I

chance)Bill. an old friend whom I had not seen my father line the stePs ascending The enginesroared it gathered

speedand

long had the engines the distance.

(risen into the air). The noise fainter) as the Plane becamba speck

br--

'Why don't you I this evening,' said to Bill. 'Thanks.I will.' answered Bill. 'I'm

(pay a visit) and see me if you have nothing

a loose end also.'

Exercise60 Miscellaneous Insert the correct preposition or particle in each spacein the following passage. Where a meaning is given in brackets,put the required phrasal verb in the space.(Note that out of is counted as one preposition.) Tom Bright was born his parents
eight and degreessettled the eyes the age his leaving. time Tom was the army respect (discouraged) one day a sergeant charge some recrults. the the point

Nairobi England

English parents.He sailed

the age there. He was a boy those who were acquainted sixteen, when his father

greatability
him. Tom attended school

insisted

joining

his father's wishes. However, he was the sight

(Gel into line),' the sergeantwas screaming top

hisvoice,apparently enraged
his command. the grain and,

theuntidiness

the soldiers This incident went

tha t he could not

his heart, Tom knew

(concurwith) his father'swish. When Tom's refusal (enlist the army)got in , Mr Bright that Tom resentment (withstand)his father, for his

to

(becameangry) and gave his son such a dressing-(abandoned himselfto) feelings his father. He realisedthat he had to
abhorrence

the army was so strong that he preferred risking his father's anger

enlisting

the army.

67

The next day Tom bumPed

newspaper. The two had alwaYs Mr Green had a strong influence

Mr Green,the editor

the local

(been friendly with) each'other, and Tom. hearing

Tom's plight, he reporting 'There'sroom picking things

(proposed) the idea that Tom should try his hand

his paper. a junior reporter,'he told Tom. 'You're quick and you have a natural instinct smelling a reporter.' my you ---.__----

anythingunusual-which is just what is required

Tom chances (hesitated). 'I'm not very optimistic

he success,' said,'but I'm grateful

your kind offer.'

any event I have everY confidence YoU,' Mr Green con-

tinued. 'I'll furnish You

vou mav have access Besides.vou'Il learn a lot And

the basic principles

my own notes and books

journalism,and
the subject.

experience.'
(happened) that Tom Bright human nature was a great

SO

rt

(began to follow) iournalism. His keen perceptlon asset him, and he made such good Progress

his iob that he

(maintained a standard worthy of) all Mr Green's expectations and was eventually awarded a Ptize feature article. He was never forgetful him and he alwaYs numbered him a hundred guineas the best

the kindness that Mr Green had shown

friends. his closest

68