APA Cheat Sheet: Crediting Sources 2012

When do we need to cite? When using any information in your work that comes from someone else or that is not commonly known (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 169). Direct Quotation: Provide author, year, and page or paragraph number According to the American Psychological Association, (2010) a quote may be included within the text if it is less than 40 words (p170). Three periods may be added after a quote if you are leaving out any words or four after a quote if you are leaving out words between sentences (p.172-173). If the quote is more than 40 words, start a block quotation. The whole block needs to be indent about a half inch and quotation marks are not needed. (p.171). When the quote is at the end of a sentence, the citation may be added in brackets immediately following the quote. Quotation marks must be used to indicate a direct quote (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 171). If you are writing a direct quote and there are citations within that quote do not leave them out. Unless you are using those sources for your work, (primary source), they do not need to be included in your references (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 171). Citing Reference in Text - Everything that is referenced in text, must also appears on the reference page, other than traditional works [the Bible and the Quran] (APA, 2010). Listed below is an example of how to appropriately site according the various authors, groups, and referencing: Style of authors Primary Citation (in text) Secondary plus Citation (in text) Smith (2008) Smith and Jones (2003) Smith et al. (2012) Primary Parenthetical Citation (in text) (Smith, 2008) (Smith & Jones, 2003) (Smith, Jones, & Brown, 2012) (Smith, Jones, Brown, & White, 2004) Secondary plus Parenthetical Citation (in text) (Smith, 2008) (Smith & Jones, 2003) (Smith et al., 2012)

Writing from a single author Writing from two authors Writing from three authors

Writing from four authors

Writing from five authors

Writing from six plus authors Writing from groups (with abbreviations)

Smith (2008) Smith and Jones (2003) Smith, Jones and Brown (2012) Smith, Jones, Brown and White (2004) Smith, Jones, Brown, White, and Lee (2005) Smith et al. (2009) Heart and Stroke Foundation

Smith et al. (2004)

(Smith et al., 2004)

Smith et al. (2005)

(Smith, Jones, Brown, White, & Lee, 2005)

(Smith et al., 2005)

Smith et al. (2009) HSF (2001)

(Smith et al., 2009) (Heart and Stroke Foundation

(Smith et al., 2009) (HSF, 2001)

APA Cheat Sheet: Crediting Sources 2012

as authors (HSF, 2001) Brock University (2010) [HSF], 2001)

Writing from Brock (Brock (Brock groups (with no University University, University, abbreviations) (2010) 2010) 2010) as authors (adapted from American Psychological Association, 2010: 177). - When citing anonymous work, it will appear as (Anonymous, year) for instance; (Anonymous, 2012) APA (2010). - Organize references with one author, and more than one year of publication in order of publication, for instance; (United States Navy, 2004, 2008) APA (2010). - When using in press citations, they will go at the end using the writers last name one time followed by the year(S) of publication, for instance; (Frank, 2002, 2009, in press) APA (2010). - When using more than one author being sourced in the same ideas, source alphabetically by last name, for instance; (Frank, 2001; Jones & Smith, 2000) APA (2010). Reference List The format of a reference list requires: o Double spacing o Hanging indention o Uses of abbreviations o Arabic numbers o Alphabetized by name The general components in a reference list: o Author(s) name o Date of publication o Title of the work, with publication data

Publication Date - The year the work was published/produced, o if no date is available, write n.d. in parentheses - For magazines, newsletters, and newspapers write (YYYY, MM, DD) - Articles that have not yet been published write (in press) Finish the element with a period after the enclosing parenthesis Title - Article or chapter title: Capitalize only the first word of the title, the subtitle, and any proper nouns o Do not italicize the title or place quotation marks - Periodical title: Journals, newsletters, magazines, give the title in uppercase & lowercase letter, o Italicize the name - Non-periodical title: Books & reports; Capitalize only the first word of the title, the subtitle, any proper nouns o Italicize the name Finish the element with a period Publication information - Periodicals: Journals, newsletters, magazines; give the volume # after the periodical title o Italicize it o Do not use Vol. before the number o Issues # in parentheses after the volume # do not italicize it, give inclusive pg # Finish the element with a period - Non-periodicals: Books and reports; give the location (city/state or city/country)