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IL FOTOINNESTO polipropilene, per via della scarsa bagnabilità e adesione al materiale. Il plasma atmosferico
e il fotoinnesto possono essere combinati per ottenere un livello stabile nel tempo della
tensione superficiale, appropriato per un'ottima adesione dei rivestimenti
Rory Wolf, Enercon Industries Corporation, Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, USA
Amelia Sparavigna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
PHOTOGRAFTING
English
ce glow discharges with a low initially requires the surface to storage stability, as the surface cleaning of the surface and the
gas temperature, typically be activated through physical tension and wettability assu- micro-etching obtained with
below 300 °C, and provide effi- pre-treatment, for instance a me permanence, provided the plasma treatment are posi-
cient reaction rates for deposi- corona or atmospheric plasma. exposure to UV light is avoi- tive factors which suggest that
tion over increasingly large The photoreactive material to ded. In the subsequent poly- plasmas treatment will enable
surface areas. When compared be innested on the surface is merization, the photoinitiator stronger surface bonds than
to corona discharges, atmo- prepared in a proper solution. grafted on the surface reacts corona.
spheric plasmas 1) produce The liquid solution (solvent or forming a chemical bond bet-
significantly more homoge- water based) is applied after ween, for instance, ink or AN EXAMPLE
neous and uniform surface surface activation in very small coating and the surface (Fig.4).
activation across material sur- amounts of approximately 1 The unique advantage of the A polypropylene substrate was
faces, 2) increase the micro- g/m2. It is applied to surfaces plasma-photografting used for trials in the Enercon
roughness (Fig.3) and clean using a printing device. The approach is that a previous laboratory. An atmospheric
the surface, and 3) introduce carrier liquid is then removed atmospheric plasma glow dis- plasma glow discharge treat-
active species. Atmospheric by evaporation. The reactive charge treatment creates a ment station was set at 2.2 kW
plasma power densities are photoinitiator is then grafted homogeneously functionalized of output power which reacted
not high enough to damage onto the surface by UV light polymeric surface, enabling a mixture of 6.4 l/min of
polymeric materials. exposure. Anchoring of the the photografting solution to helium and 1.6 l/min of oxygen
The principle for using a photo- photoinitiator to the surface perfectly adhere to the sub- for pretreating the polypropy-
grafting technique on surfaces ensures practically unlimited strate surface. Moreover, the lene material.
TABELLA: ADESIONE DELL'INCHIOSTRO ED ENERGIA SUPERFICIALE PER IL CAMPIONE DI CONTROLLO NON TRATTATO E QUELLO TRATTATO PLASMA E FOTOINNESTATO
A water-borne photografting between the printed control degrading surface tension of levels of 52-54 dynes/cm were
solution (Ciba Prime IT) was sample and the printed pla- 48 dynes/cm over a minimum achieved after the combined
applied to the surface with a sma/ photografted sample is of a one-year period. In addi- plasma treating and photograf-
printing device, infrared/air observed (Table I). tion, ink adhesion tests have
ting processes, and the final
dried and UV cured. The most important results are confirmed ink retention follo-
Approximately twenty percent the observed extended longe- wing tape peel adhesion photografted polypropylene
of the photografted surface vities of the plasma/photograf- methods over the same one- surface is expected to remain
was printed with a small solid ting treatment relative to poly- year period. permanently at this surface
colour block shape using a UV propylene substrates. The use of atmospheric plasma energy level as indicated by
flexo ink. All treatment devices The surface energies are main- glow discharge technology in the longevity studied.
were integrated into a conti- tained in excess of one year advance of uniform surface Also noteworthy is that there
nuous processing line. from application. The studies deposition and fixation of a
was no observed change in
Following treatments, the sur- on treatment longevity have photografting molecule ap-
face energy and the ink adhe- been conducted in the Enercon pears to offer excellent surface substrate colour or organolep-
sion were tested. Laboratory and confirm, after adhesion properties for UV tic measures such as odour fol-
A 15% increase in ink adhesion an initial small change, a non- flexo inks. Surface energy lowing this treatment protocol.
TABLE: INK ADHESION AND SURFACE ENERGY FOR THE UNTREATED CONTROL SAMPLE AND FOR THE PLASMA-PHOTOGRAFTED SAMPLE