GUA PARA PREPARAR ARTCULOS

Se confeccionar un Libro de Actas, tambin conocido como Proceedings, con todos los artculos recibidos que cumplan con la fecha de entrega, los lineamientos de esta pauta y que hayan sido revisados y aprobados por parte del Comit Editorial de HYDROPROCESS 2010. 1. ENVO DE ARCHIVOS 1.1 Resumen y Artculo Formato Word Extensin mxima del artculo, 10 pginas incluyendo tablas y figuras. Enviar el artculo a la casilla: hydroprocess@hydroprocess.cl 1.2 Imgenes, figuras, grficos y fotos Archivos en blanco, negro y sin fondos. El libro se imprimir en blanco y negro. Archivos originales e independientes (cada figura en un archivo) de extensin jpg o tiff Resolucin mnima de 300 dpi (300 pixeles por pulgada o 118 pixeles por centmetro) Archivos enumerados en el mismo orden en que aparecen en el artculo. Ej.: Figura 1.jpg Figura 2.jpg Tablas deben ser enviadas en su formato original y no como imagen Ej.: Tabla 1.xls Tabla 2.xls Ttulos descriptivos breves. Mximo 100 caracteres 2. FORMATO DEL ARTCULO 2.1 Creacin del Artculo Idioma: Ingls Formato del papel: tamao carta (ancho 21.59 cm. y alto 27.94 cm.) Mrgenes: 3 cm. en cada direccin (superior, inferior, izquierda y derecha). Fuente de escritura: Times New Roman Tamao de letra: 11 puntos Interlineado: sencillo Sin Espaciado y Sangra Evitar el doble espacio despus de un punto seguido No sern considerados los documentos escritos a dos columnas. Debe ser una sola columna. 2.2 Jerarqua de Ttulos Ttulos principales: letra mayscula, tamao 12, bold (negrita), SIN NMEROS, SIN LETRAS Y SIN VIETAS. En el caso de su utilizacin, stas sern ELIMINADAS para la publicacin del Proceeding. INTRODUCCIN METODOLOGA RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIN CONCLUSIONES AGRADECIMIENTOS

NOMENCLATURA REFERENCIAS ANEXOS Subttulos de los Ttulos Principales. Deben ir en letra minscula considerando la primera letra de cada palabra en mayscula, tamao 12, bold (negrita), sin nmeros, sin letras y sin vietas. Ej.: V Seminario Internacional de Procesamiento de Minerales Subttulos de los Subttulos de Ttulos Principales. Deben ir en letra minscula considerando la primera letra de cada palabra en mayscula, tamao 12, bold (negrita), en Cursiva, sin nmeros, sin letras y sin vietas. Ej.: V Seminario Internacional de Procesamiento de Minerales Vietas. Solo se debe usar la vieta con el siguiente formato y la siguiente debe ser Ej.: reas de inters - Diseo de Procesos y Seleccin de Equipos

-.

Para destacar conceptos o frases, se adoptarn las cursivas y no las negritas. Tambin se utilizarn estas para la inclusin de frases o palabras en una lengua distinta a la del texto, y para expresiones latinas como: (dem, ibidem, ut supra, op. Cit., et al., etc.).

3. CONTENIDOS DEL ARTCULO 3.1 Primera Pgina Ttulo del Artculo: mximo de 100 caracteres, mayscula, negrita, 14 puntos y justificado a la izquierda. Ej.:

APLICACION DE UN EQUIPO DE DIFRACCION DE RAYOS X A LA MEDICION DE COMPOSICION MINERALOGICA EN LINEA

Autores: cada uno de ellos debe indicar su nombre, cargo, empresa o institucin, direccin comercial completa, telfono fijo y celular, fax y direccin de correo electrnico. Se debe indicar al Autor Corresponsal. Resumen: se debe incluir un resumen del artculo en ingls, con una extensin no superior a 250 palabras.

3.2 Pginas Siguientes INTRODUCCIN: debe incluir los antecedentes considerados y los objetivos del trabajo que se presenta.

METODOLOGA: Mencione el procedimiento seguido para el desarrollo del trabajo. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIN: Incluya los resultados pertinentes al trabajo desarrollado. Use tablas, figuras, grficos y comntelas. CONCLUSIONES: Mencione en forma objetiva las conclusiones que se pueden derivar de los resultados mostrados y la proyeccin que ellos pudieran tener sobre los procesos metalrgicos. AGRADECIMIENTOS: Opcional. Mencione a sus colaboradores, personas o instituciones que apoyaron el desarrollo del trabajo. NOMENCLATURA. Opcional. En caso de usar nomenclatura poco conocida indique el significado de ella. Utilice el sistema internacional de unidades. REFERENCIAS. Indique el autor con su apellido completo y las iniciales de su nombre seguido por el ao entre parntesis. Use un formato internacional de modo que la referencia indicada pueda ser ubicada y consultada por terceros. Estas deben ser indicadas dentro del texto con corchetes. Ej.: [1] ANEXOS. Opcional. Incluya la informacin y datos obtenidos en el desarrollo de su trabajo y que es complementaria al mismo.

4. GUA DE IMGENES 4.1 Envo de Imgenes Las imgenes deben ser enviadas incrustadas en el archivo Word y de manera separada en formatos: JPG, TIF, EPS y GIFF. La resolucin de las imgenes debe ser de 300dpi a tamao real. El peso del archivo debe ser sobre 500k. Para efectos tamaos de impresin existen dos categoras de tamaos de imgenes.

IMGENES MEDIANAS Grficos Simples Se debe considerar la imagen de una dimensin mxima de 10 (ancho) x 6 cm. (alto) En proporcin se deben establecer los tamaos de: Texto dentro del grfico ( tamaos) Grosores de lnea Punteados Lneas Achuradas

Ejemplo:

Info de esta imagen: Formato: tif Tamao: 6 x 9 cm Resolucin: 300 dpi Peso archivo: 776 kb

IMGENES GRANDES - Grficos Complejos Se debe considerar la imagen de una dimensin mxima de 12 x 9 cm. (alto o ancho) En proporcin se deben establecer los tamaos de: Texto dentro del grfico ( tamaos) Grosores de lnea Punteados Lneas Achuradas Ejemplo: Info de esta imagen: Formato: tif Tamao: 9 x 11,5 cm Resolucin: 300 dpi Peso archivo: 829 kb

IMGENES FOTOGRFICAS La imagen debe tener una dimensin mxima de 8.5 x 6.5 cm. (alto o ancho) Se debe considerar: Color. Se imprime en Blanco y Negro y no a color. Manejar contraste de las fotos para que se vean ntidas Resolucin es sumamente importante. Sobre 300 dpi, peso sobre 500k. Ejemplos:

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Dirija sus consultas a: hydroprocess@hydroprocess.cl

EJEMPLO DE FORMATO DE ARTCULO

A NEW COMMERCIAL METAL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY UTILIZING ON-SITE BIOLOGICAL H2S PRODUCTION
Rick Lawrence1 and David Kratochvil2 BioteQ Environmental Technologies Inc. 1700-355 Burrard Street, Vancouver, Canada, V6C 2G8 Phone: (56-2) 672 79 79 - Fax: (56-2) 699 67 72
1 2

Executive Vice President, BioteQ, info@info.cl Manager of Engineering and Development, BioteQ, info@info.cl

ABSTRACT
Phelps Dodge Mining Company and BioteQ Environmental Technologies Inc. have, through their joint venture company Copreco LLC, constructed and are operating a new plant for the recovery of copper from low grade leach solutions at the Copper Queen Mine in Bisbee, Arizona. The plant utilizes BioteQs BioSulphide process technology, which uses a high rate anaerobic biotechnology for on-site production of H2S from elemental sulfur. At Bisbee, the biogenic sulfide reagent produced is used to precipitate copper into a high-grade copper sulfide concentrate from the pregnant leach solution draining from a low grade stockpile. The Bisbee plant is one of three commercial plants utilizing BioteQs technology for metal recovery and/or to produce high quality water for environmental discharge. A fourth plant is under construction. Sulfide demands in the four plants range from 50 kg/day to 3.7 tonnes/day. Details of the Bisbee copper recovery operation are presented, together with a discussion of the main advantages of applying the biogenic H2S production in mining and metallurgical processes. Environmental and economic benefits are demonstrated using data from existing operations.

INTRODUCTION
Recovery of copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and other metals from leach solutions in hydrometallurgical processes can be carried out by a number of proven technologies, notably direct electrowinning, solvent extractionelectrowinning, cementation with iron (for copper), and sulphide precipitation. The selection of one method over another depends on a number of factors, including the solution chemistry, the pregnant leach solution (PLS) flow rate and grade, the form of the metal product, the availability and cost of consumables, and the capital cost. In general, high metal mass flows (solution flow and grade) are necessary to justify the capital expenditures of solvent extraction and electrowinning technologies. Furthermore, the metallurgical efficiency and cost effectiveness of these processes can be reduced as feed metal concentrations decline. The BioSulphide Process [5], which produces low cost H2S for use in selective metal precipitation, offers a low capital cost alternative which can operate efficiently and cost-effectively within a wide range of flows and solution grades. Since the technology can be used to recover metals from solutions with low flows and metal grades [4], the technology is also applicable to environmental applications for water treatment, with the sale of recovered metals providing an offset to treatment costs [4]. For environmental control, the technology has a distinct advantage in being able to meet strict effluent discharge criteria due to the very low solubility of metal sulphides. For all applications, the on-site and on-demand generation of the sulphide reagent means that the disadvantages of transport, storage and handling, associated with the use of chemical sulphide reagents for metal winning, are eliminated.

Biological Production of Hydrogen Sulphide

A simple schematic illustrating the production of hydrogen sulphide in the BioSulphide Process is provided in Figure 1.

Sulphur

Ball Mill

H2S Rich Biogas Electron Donor and Nutrients Bioreactor

Figure 1: Biological generation of hydrogen sulphide gas
T = 25-30oC P = 30cm H2O

Hydrogen sulphide is produced by reacting ground elemental sulphur with an electron donor, such as acetic acid, in the presence of sulphur-reducing bacteria under anaerobic conditions according to reaction (1). 4S + CH3COOH + 2H2O 4H2S + 2CO2 (1)

The sulphur reducing bacteria act as a catalyst enabling reaction (1) to proceed kinetically forward at 25C and the system pressure of +30 cm WC. A continuous production of H2S is achieved by removing the gaseous products of the reaction (1) from the bioreactor. Since elemental sulphur is used as the sulphur source for making H2S, instead of sulphate, no process water other than that contained in the reagents required for reaction (1) enters the bioreactor. Thus the bioreactor is a true stand-alone H2S generator.

The main advantages of using the biological H2S generation include:

Low cost of sulphide compared to the cost of Na2S, NaHS, or H2S; Minimal hazards and increased safety mainly due to the low system pressure and low inventory of H2S. At any point in time the amount of H2S stored in the bioreactor(s) is a small fraction of the daily H2S production. This often allows the avoidance of special environmental permitting of reagent storage; Low capital cost mainly due to the ambient temperature and pressure in bioreactors that are designed as conventional stirred tanks compared to pressure vessels with expensive agitator seals; and Easy to scale-up and down over a wide range of H2S production capacities.

The model equation representing the kinetic process is summarized as: 2 b kr = [CA0]n t B 0

(2)

Copper Recovery at Copper Queen Branch, Bisbee, Arizona

Following evaluation of several mine sites in the south western United States, the Copper Queen mine site in Bisbee, Arizona, was selected to construct a BioSulphide plant for copper recovery from the acidic drainage of the large #7 low-grade stockpile. The stockpile had been under leach for some years, with copper recovered from the PLS in an iron cementation precipitation plant, although decreasing copper grades and higher operating costs relative to copper price led to closure of the copper winning circuit in 1999. Engineering, construction and commissioning of the new BioSulphide plant took place in 2003 -2004. The plant was designed to treat 40 m3/h of pregnant leach solution (PLS) with the following typical composition:
Table 1: Bisbee PLS Composition (typical)

Copper Total iron Ferric iron Zinc Manganese Aluminum Magnesium Calcium pH

340 mg/L 1,800 2,500 mg/L 700 mg/L 930 mg/L 1,620 mg/L 3,950 mg/L 2,890 mg/L 500 mg/L 2.2 - 2.4

The BioSulphide plant is located at the north east corner of the stockpile adjacent to a holding tank where PLS from two solution collection dams is pumped. The pump station which returns solution back to the top of the stockpile for distribution is also located in this area.

Copper is precipitated as CuS without pH adjustment, and without a significant amount of precipitation of other heavy metals present in the water, to produce a product with approximately 40% Cu. The contactor off-gas is recycled to the bioreactor where it is used to strip H2S from the bioreactor liquor to the gas phase. There is no gaseous discharge during normal operation. H2S and CO2 are consumed by the process and N2 is recycled as a carrier gas. The plant is equipped with a caustic gas scrubber to capture any gas bleed, which might occur on an infrequent basis, with the resulting NaHS added to the contactor.

Figure 2: Water Flows Involved in an Ore/Waste Dump

The flow and grade of PLS fluctuate year round depending on the water management around the stockpile and precipitation events. The plant controls adjust to the changes in the feed composition automatically. In general, copper and ferric iron grades have been significantly above design. In the case of copper, higher grades has allowed good daily metal production to be maintained even though PLS availability to the plant has been below design due to drought conditions in recent years. Higher ferric iron concentrations has, however, resulted in higher than design sulphide reagent consumption and lower relative copper grades in the concentrate product due to dilution by higher levels of elemental sulphur. Overall performance of the bioreactor has, however, exceeded design capacity with respect to the amount of hydrogen sulphide produced per unit volume.

CONCLUSIONS
The BioSulphide Process has been successfully commercialized at the Copper Mine in Arizona. The plant, recovers copper as a sulphide concentrate from the drainage of a low-grade stockpile. The commercial plants have demonstrated that the process permits a profitable recovery of metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt from low grade solutions that cannot be processed economically by conventional technologies such as SX-EW. Plants have relatively low capital cost, allowing fast capital pay-back and profitable metal recovery in projects with relatively short duration and/or with lower grade solutions. The operating results from the existing plants show that the process can be operated safely, integrated with existing conventional treatment plants, and produce treated water quality that can be discharged directly to the environment. In summary, the niche markets for the BioSulphide Process have been identified and include:

metal production (Cu, Ni, Co) from low grade solutions either as a stand-alone plant or integrated with a conventional lime treatment plant, wastewater treatment to meet stringent metal discharge environmental standards with concurrent toxic waste sludge volume reduction or elimination, supply of low cost H2S as a reagent to mineral processing and hydrometallurgical processes.

NOMENCLATURE (optional, use the International System of Units)

a d m A C D E F T V activity, %p/p average particle size, m mass, kg surface area, m2 concentration, g/L diffusion coefficient, m2/s redox potential, mV Faradays constant, 96487 coulomb/mol temperature, C volume, m3 stoichiometric coefficient

REFERENCES
Dixon S. (2004). Definition of Economic Optimum for the Leaching of High Acid Consuming Copper Ores. Minerals and Metallurgical Processing 21(4), pp. 198-201. [1] Gupta C.K. & T.K. Mukherjee (1990). Hydrometallurgy in Extraction Processes, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A., pp. 33-35. [2] Karamanev D.G., L.N. Nikolov & V. Mamatarkova (2002). Rapid Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Ferric and Ferrous Ions in Drainage Waters and Similar Solutions. Minerals Engineering, vol. 15(5), pp. 341-346. [3] Kratochvil D., R.W. Lawrence & P.B. Marchant, (2005). Applications of Biological H2S Production from Elemental Sulfur in Mining and Hydrometallurgy. ALTA 2005 Conference, Nickel/Cobalt & Copper, Perth, Australia, May 16-20. [4] Rowley M.V., D.D. Warkentin & B.M. Piroschco, (1996). Process for Treating Solutions Containing Sulphate and Metal Ions, US Patent 5,587,079. [5]