United Arab Emirates

Al-Ruwais Refinery (Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company), 280,000 bbl/d (45,000 m3/d)

Takreer Ruwais Refinery

The Ruwais Refinery was commissioned in June, 1981, and was inaugurated officially in March 1982. The following are the Refinery Installations:
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Crude Distillilation and Desalting Unit Naphtha HydroDesulphurisation Unit Catalytic Reformer Unit Kerosene HydroTreater Unit Heavy Gas Oil HydroDesulphuriser Unit Vacuum Unit Unibon Unit Hydrogen Unit Sour Water Stripping Unit Acid Gas removal Unit Refinery Utilities Tank Farm and Offsites Marine Terminal Unleaded Gasoline Unit Green Diesel General Utility Plant BeAAT Plant (Central Environmental Facilities)

The original Hydro skimming complex was designed to process 120,000 bpd of crude oil, mainly for the export market. Growth in demand for Abu Dhabi's high quality refined products spurred the continuous expansions at Ruwais. Today the range of refined products includes Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Premium Unleaded Gasoline (98 Octane), Special Unleaded Gasoline (95 Octane), Naphtha grades, Jet-A1 and Kerosene grades, Gas Oil grades, Straight run Residue, Bunker grades 180 and 380 cst and Granulated Sulphur. For more details please go through the below links -Processing Units. - Refinery Utilities. -Tank farm & offsites. -Marine Terminal. - Sulphur Handling Terminal & Granulation plant. -General Utilities Plant. Processing Units These are produced by the following primary and secondary processing units: Crude oil Distillation (120,000 bpd): After desalting, crude oil is distilled to produce full-

range naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil and straight run residue, which are further processed in downstream units. Naphtha Hydrodesulphurization (34,350 bpd): The full-range naphtha from the crude oil unit and heavy naphtha from the Hydro cracker unit is hydro treated to remove the Sulphur compounds and then LPG is stripped from whole naphtha. After dehydration, the raw LPG is sent to the GASCO-NGL plant for further processing while the whole naphtha is split into light naphtha, used for gasoline blending, and heavy naphtha, used as feedstock for the Catalytic Reformer Unit. Atalytic Reformer (19,150 bpd): The heavy naphtha is processed to improve its anti-knock properties by using a bimetallic platinum-based catalyst. The Reformate obtained is used as the main blend component for gasoline production. The hydrogen-rich gas is used in the reaction sections of the hydrotreaters and the remaining gas goes to Refinery Fuel Gas system. Kerosene Hydrotreater (20,780 bpd): The unit improves the burning quality of kerosene by desulphurization and saturation of aromatics required to meet international specifications for jet fuel. Gas Oil Hydrodesulphurization (21,850 bpsd): The unit removes Sulphur compounds in the heavy gas oil from the crude oil unit using a cobalt/molybdenum oxide-based catalyst. The hydrotreated heavy gas oil is used as a blending component to produce different grades of gas oil.

Vacuum Unit (46,000 bpd): The Vacuum Unit processes atmospheric residue from the crude oil unit to produce heavy vacuum gas oil as feedstock for the Unibon unit. Ruwais residue is supplemented by residue from Abu Dhabi Refinery. Unibon Unit/Hydro cracker (27,000 bpd): The Unibon Unit converts the heavy vacuum gas oil feed into lighter products in the reactor section by passing the feed, plus hydrogen, over catalysts under high temperature and pressure. The products from this reaction are then separated in the fractionation section to yield high value finished products ranging from LPG to gas oil. Hydrogen Plant (60,000 Nm3/hr): The Hydrogen Unit converts natural gas and steam into hydrogen with the aid of catalysts. Propane can also be used as an alternative feed. Two Sulphur Recovery Plants (44/49 tons per day): These units recover sulphur from hydrogen sulphide-rich gas produced in the Hydrodesulphurization and Unibon units by converting it into elemental sulphur through a thermal and catalytic reaction. The liquid sulphur is then sent to the Sulphur Handling Terminal for granulation and export. Two Condensate Splitters (2x140,000 bpd): Each splitter is designed to process condensate from the On-shore Gas Development and Asab Gas Development fields. The splitters fractionate the condensate into unstabilized light naphtha, medium naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil (LGO), heavy gas oil (HGO), and atmospheric residue, which are further processed in downstream units. Two Naphtha Stabilizers (2x27,500 bpd): Each Stabilizer is designed to process 27,500 bpd of unstabilized light naphtha from the condensate splitters. LPG after treatment is sent to GASCO while stabilized light naphtha is routed to storage and blending.

Two Kerosene Sweetening Units (2x52,000 bpd): Kerosene produced in the Condensate Distillation Units contains mercaptans and naphthenic acids. The Merichem Sweetening units reduce the mercaptans by converting them into disulphide. The sweetened kerosene from each unit is routed to storage and blending. Refinery Utilities The refinery generates all the utilities, which are required by the process units. Equipment and systems include steam boilers, seawater cooling systems, a closed-loop fresh water cooling system, instrument and plant air, fuel oil and fuel gas systems Tank Farm & Offsites The Refinery has 91 tanks with a total nominal storage capacity of over three million cubic meters. Of these 12 are feedstock tanks, 34 are for intermediate products and 45 for finished products. Off sites include ballast reception facilities, CPI separator system, four flares, blending and shipping facilities with LPG truck loading. Marine Terminal The Refinery's Marine Terminal provides for the loading and unloading of tankers ranging from 2,000 to 330,000 dwt. It has four cabotage berths to accommodate tankers from 2,000 to 7,000 dwt, and three large tanker berths for vessels from 7,000 to 330,000 dwt. Sulphur Handling & Granulation Plant The Sulphur Handling and Granulation Plant has nine granulators with a total capacity of 7,650 tons per day and covered storage for 145,000 tons of granulated product. Multiple bays for receiving liquid Sulphur trucks from the on-shore gas processing facilities and a jetty to handle liquid imports from ADGAS have been recently upgraded. The jetty is capable of handling vessels up to 45,000 dwt for granulated Sulphur exports. General Utilities Plant Ruwais Refinery Division operates the GUP to provide reliable power and water not only for its needs but the industrial area and community at large. Power is generated by seven gas turbines and two steam turbines with an installed capacity of over 650 MW. Water production capacity is over 60,000 m3/day from five desalinators. Interconnection of GUP with ADWEA grid and synchronization enabled TAKREER to acquire the capability and flexibility to import and export power, along with the stability of supply of electrical power to consumers.

Umm Al-Narr Refinery (Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company), 90,000 bbl/d (14,000 m3/d)

Abu Dhabi Refinery

Following the discovery of oil in Abu Dhabi in 1958, and the first export shipments of Crude in 1962, plans were drawn up for a grass root Refinery with a capacity of 15,000 barrels per stream day (BPSD) to meet a growing local need for petroleum products. Construction work on the project began in 1973 and the Refinery, costing an initial $45 million, was inaugurated in April 1976.

So rapid was the growth in demand for oil products, however, that work began almost immediately on installing a new Refinery to process a further 60,000 BPSD and this was commissioned in 1983. Requirements continued to grow in the fast-developing Emirate, and ADNOC decided to expand capacity yet again, with environmental considerations in mind, to include additional units for Gas Oil Desulphurization and Sulphur recovery. The expanded Refinery started up in December 1992 with a rated capacity of 85,000 BPSD.

A Salt and Chlorine Plant, commissioned at Umm Al Nar in 1981, was merged in 1990 with the Refinery to form the Abu Dhabi Refinery and Chlorine Division. Subsequently it was permanently shutdown on 30th November, 2001. Two power plants, owned and operated by Umm Al Nar Power Company, and a Lube oil blending/filling plant, owned and operated by ADNOC Distribution, are located adjacent to the Refinery.

For more details please go through the below links -Refinery Installations. - Utilities. -Off-Sites. - Marinal Terminal. - ADR Technology.

Refinery Installations:

The Refinery is a Hydro Skimming Complex designed to process Bab Crude as well as a mixture of AsabSahil, Shah and Thammama Condensate.

Finished products from the Refinery are as follows : Liquefied Petroleum Gases Naphtha Unleaded Gasoline Aviation Turbine Kerosene Domestic Kerosene Gas Oil Straight Run Residue Liquid Sulphur.

Refinery units include: Crude Distillation Unit (85,000 BPSD) As a first step, prior to the actual distillation process, Crude Oil is passed through a Desalter Unit to remove the undesirable salts, water and sludge which are generally associated with any type of Crude. After final heating in a furnace, the Crude is then fractionated in the Atmospheric Distillation Column into the basic raw petroleum fractions of Naphtha, kerosene, Gas Oil and Straight Run Residue. Naphtha Hydrodesulphuriser Unit (22,500 BPSD) The Naphtha Hydrodesulphuriser sweetens the Straight Run Naphtha from Crude Unit. Three products are produced in this unit namely, Heavy Naphtha, Light Naphtha and Sour Liquefied Petroleum Gases. Kerosene Merox Unit (21,250 BPSD) The unit converts Mercaptans in straight run kerosene into disulphide to meet the final product quality for aviation kerosene. Catalytic Reformer Unit (14,000 BPSD) The Reformer processes the Heavy Naphtha cut to improve its anti-knock properties prior to using it as a Gasoline blending component. The Unit is a continuous regeneration type and does not need to be shut down periodically for regeneration of catalyst. Gas Oil Hydrodesulphuriser Unit (22,500 BPSD) The Gas Oil Hydrodesulphuriser Unit reduces Gas Oil sulphur content to 0.15 wt% to improve product quality. LPG Treating and Recovery Unit (3,480 BPSD) Raw LPG from Naphtha Hydrodesulphuriser and Catalytic Reformer Unit are processed in this unit. Butane produced is used as a blending component in Gasoline and also blended with Propane to form LPG for domestic use. Naphtha Stabilizer Unit (3,630 BPSD) Excess Naphtha from Crude Unit is stabilized prior to export to Ruwais Refinery. Gas Sweetening Unit (40 tons/day H2S Removal) Sour Gases produced in the Refinery facilities are sweetened using amine solution to remove hydrogen sulphide to minimize sulphur oxide emissions.

Sulphur Recovery Unit (40 tons/day) The acid gases produced from Gas Sweetening Unit are converted to liquid Sulphur, which is then transported to Ruwais Sulphur Handling Terminal via Road tankers. Jarn Yaphour Crude Oil Stabilization Plant (10,000 BPSD) The Oil/Gas Separation Plant is designed to stabilize Crude from Jarn Yaphour Wells, located some 30 kilometers from Umm Al Nar. The separated gas is further treated to remove hydrogen sulphide, water and hydrocarbon condensate before it is injected into GASCO s Main Gas Network. The Stabilized Crude is sent to the Refinery Crude Distillation Unit for further separation into petroleum fractions. Additional Effluent Water Treatment facilities were installed to adhere to rigid oil in water specification of 10 ppm maximum.

Utilities The Refinery receives power and fresh water supplies from the Adjacent Plant of the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority. Steam, Air, Nitrogen and Sea Water for cooling are all provided by the Refinery's own facilities. The Refinery s Fuel Gas supply is supplemented by Natural Gas from the GASCO Main Network.

Off-sites Storage Capacity of Abu Dhabi Refinery Tank Farm is 500,000 cubic meters, which includes facilities for Crude Oil, Intermediate Streams, Semi-Finished Products, Finished Products and Utility Fuel Oil. Most of the Refined Products from Abu Dhabi Refinery are sold in the ever expanding domestic market, while the Residue and Naphtha are shipped to Ruwais Refinery.

Marine Terminal The Refinery is served by a two-Berth Marine Terminal on the North Shore of the Island for loading and unloading of tankers. Maximum Draft is 9.5 meters; maximum Cargo is 30,000 tons.

ADR Technology In 1994, Abu Dhabi Refinery completed the process of installing a fully integrated state-of-the-art Computerized System designed to Modernize Operations. The first level was achieved in January 1993 with the commissioning of a new Consolidated Control Room under the overall Refinery expansion project. The Refinery is equipped with a Distributed Control System (DCS), which allowed for the introduction of an Advanced Process Control system as part of the Process Automation and Computerization project

(PACS). PACS has been designed to provide accurate and up-to-the-minute information on every aspect of the Operations in Support of Operational and Management Activities. The second level of the project includes the implementation of Advanced Process Control (APC) strategies and off-site Automation and Computerization, while the third level involved the implementation of a plant-wide Data Base and Communications Network, leading to the use of a Computerized Decision Support System in laboratory management, Planning, Scheduling, Mass Balancing, Oil Accounting and Performance Monitoring.

Summary Information
y y y y y y Ownership: Takreer Website: http://www.takreer.com/ Location: Abu Dhabi Capacity: 4.25 million tons/annum & 85,000 bbl/day Nelson Complexity: Refining Depth:

Brief Description
y A medium sized simple hydroskimming refinery

Refining Units
y y y y y y y y y Atmospheric Distillation - 85,000 BPSD Naphtha Hydrodesulphuriser Unit (22,500 BPSD) Kerosene Merox Unit (21,250 BPSD) Catalytic Reformer Unit (14,000 BPSD) Gas Oil Hydrodesulphuriser Unit (22,500 BPSD) LPG Treating and Recovery Unit (3,480 BPSD) Naphtha Stabilizer Unit (3,630 BPSD) Gas Sweetening Unit (40 tons/day H2S Removal) Sulphur Recovery Unit (40 tons/day)

Terminal Capacity
y y Crude Oil: Refined Products:

Crude Supply

The refinery is designed to process Bab Crude as well as a mixture of Asab-Sahil, Shah and Thammama Condensate

Products Produced
y Liquefied Petroleum Gases, Naphtha, Unleaded Gasoline, Aviation Turbine Kerosene, Domestic Kerosene, Gas Oil, Straight Run Residue, Liquid Sulphur.

Ongoing Projects
y -

Other Information
y Umm Al Nar is Arabic for "Mother of Fire"

History
y y y 1976 - Refinery commissioned with 15,000 bpd capacity 1983 - Capacity increased by 60,000 bpd 1993 - Capacity increased by 13,000 bpd, Gasoil desulphurisation Unit added and Reformer converted to CCR

Jebel Ali Refinery (ENOC), 120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d) The Jebel Ali refinery was construction from 1996 to 1999. The refinery is operated by the Emirates National Oil Co. (ENOC) which is owned by the Dubai government. It is a 120 kbpd gas condensate refinery, and processes mainly condensate or light crude oil. These inputs are processed to various products, including LPG, naphtha, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oil. The plant consists of two 60 kbpd condensate distillation units (often referred to as condensate splitters) and five merox sweetening units. A new project is being implemented, for the production of reformate and low-sulfur naphtha through installation of a reformer and a hydrotreater.
A gas condensate refinery with a planned output of 120,000 barrels per day (bpd) was opened in the United Arab Emirates in 1999. The refinery in Jebel Ali, Dubai, increased the total capacity of the UAE by about 60%. The ENOC Jebel Ali oil refinery is the UAE's fourth and smallest. It was built after Ruwais and Um al-Nar in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, which have a combined capacity of 505,000bpd. The emirates of Sharjah and Fujairah also have refineries, each with a potential capacity of 80,000bpd. The refinery is operated by the Emirates National Oil Co (ENOC), which is owned by the Dubai Government.

Investment in the plant totalled $500m.

Construction and expansion

The Jebel Ali refinery took two and a half years to complete and covers 500,000m2. The works included pouring 22,600m of cement for the foundations, structures and a pre-cast pipe rack.

"The Jebel Ali oil refinery took two and a half years to complete."
Over 15,000t of equipment was installed and 223km of electric cables and 155km of instrument cables were laid. The construction was completed on time and within budget. In September 2010, ENOC completed an $850m upgrade at the Jebel Ali refinery. It was aimed at increasing the operational capacity from 70,000bpd to 120,000bpd. In 2010 the refinery processed 108,000bpd of crude at 90% capacity.

Funding for the ENOC refinery

A consortium of four banks provided a loan of $170m to fund the project. ANZ Grindlays Bank, Barclays Bank, Emirates Bank International (EBI) and National Bank of Dubai (NBD) each provided $42.5m.

ENOC plant and condensates

The ENOC plant converts condensates from Qatar, Iran and Australia into LPG, naphtha, jet fuel, diesel and fuel oil. The naphtha, a total of about 66,000bpd, is exported for petrochemical use in South East Asia, and the rest of the liquids are sold to the domestic market.

Condensate distillation units

The ENOC Jebel Ali plant has a pipeline link to the fuel tank farm at Dubai International Airport to provide a constant supply service. The plant is centred on two 60,000 barrels per stream day condensate distillation units and five merox sweetening units. Its storage capacity is in excess of four million barrels of condensate feedstock and petroleum products. Feedstock is acquired from a number of different suppliers within the gulf region and comes to the plant by pipeline or by ships with a capacity of up to 120,000dwt.

Plant control system

A modern digital control system controls the operating plant, with every critical function and variable closely monitored and adjusted as required. It has its own power source with two efficient 10MW turbo generators. The process stream is supplied by a heat recovery system.

Sulphur recovery processes

To minimise sulphur emissions, the sulphur recovery unit processes the streams, which are rich in hydrogen sulphide from amine treating and sour water stripping.

"In 2010 the refinery processed 108,000bpd of crude."

Two sulphur plants, each with 100% of the capacity required, provide total protection, even if one plant is completely shut down. A neutralising unit treats the sulphidic caustic waste from the LPG and naptha, kerosene and diesel merox. This renders the caustics suitable for disposal in the effluent treating plant, which is designed to handle and treat aqueous effluents before disposal according to local environment regulations.

Contractors for the ENOC Jebel Ali refinery

The ENOC refinery was developed by MW Kellogg under EPCL using front end engineering and design (FEED). Site development and tank foundation works were handled by Dubai-based Al Futtaim Wimpey. The lump sum engineering, procurement and construction contract worth $130m for the process and off-site facilities was carried out by Technip of Italy, which was selected from a number of potential contractors from Europe, America and Japan.

"The ENOC refinery was developed by MW Kellogg."

Various local contractors, including Chicago Bridge and Iron, Eastern Anstalt and Al Futtaim Tarmac, were used for engineering, procurement and construction management of the tanks, major buildings and facilities outside the plant fence. Mott McDonald handled the engineering, procurement and construction management of all local contract works. The FEED and engineering, procurement and construction management contract for the refinery upgrade project was awarded to Foster Wheeler. Al Futtaim Carillion was the contractor for civil works. GE Oil & Gas supplied a steam turbine power generation unit and eight compressors.

Hamriyah Sharjah Refinery (Sharjah Oil), 71,300 bbl/d (11,340 m3/d)

List of Refineries as per http://abarrelfull.wikidot.com Middle East

Bahrain
y

Bapco Sitrah Refinery (Bapco), 360,000 bpd

Iran
y y y y y y y y y

Abadan Refinery (NIOC), 400,000 bpd Bandar Abbas Refinery (NIOC), 232,000 bpd Isfahan Refinery (NIOC), 265,000 bpd Kermanshah refinery (NIOC),21,000 bpd Lavan Refinery (NIOC), 20,000 bpd Shazand Arak Refinery (NIOC), 150,000 bpd Shiraz Refinery (NIOC), 40,000 bpd Tabriz Refinery (NIOC), 112,000 bpd Tehran Refinery (NIOC), 225,000 bpd

Iraq South Refineries Company

y y y

Basrah Refinery (South Refineries Company), 126,000 bpd Dhi Qar Refinery (South Refineries Company), 30,000 bpd Maysan Refinery (South Refineries Company), 10,000 bpd

North Refineries Company

y y y y

Gaiyarah Refinery 14,000 bpd Baiji Salahedden Refinery 140,000 bpd Kirkuk Refinery 27,000 bpd Daurah Refinery 100,000 bpd

y y y

Seniyah Refinery Haditha Refinery 14,000 bpd Kisik Refinery

Other
y y y y

Baiji North Refinery (INOC), 150,000 bpd Khanaqin/Alwand Refinery (INOC), 10,500 bpd Samawah Refinery (INOC), 27,000 bpd Muftiah Refinery (INOC), 4,500 bpd

Israel
y y

Haifa Refinery (Oil Refineries Ltd), 170,000 bpd Ashdod Refinery (Oil Refineries Ltd), 100,000 bpd

Jordan
y

Zarqa Refinery (Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company) 105,000 bpd

Kuwait
y y y

Mina Al-Ahmadi Refinery (KNPC), 412,000 bpd Shuaiba Refinery (KNPC), 179,000 bpd Mina Abdullah Refinery (KNPC), 240,000 bpd

Lebanon
y

Beddawi Refinery

Oman
y y

Mina Al Fahal Refinery Oman Refinery Company (ORC) 106,000 bpd Sohar Refinery Oman Refinery Company (ORC) 116,000 bpd

Qatar
y y

Oryx GTL Plant, 34,000 bpd Pearl GTL Plant, 140,000 bpd

y y

Qatar Petroleum Refinery Ras Laffan Refinery, Qatar Gas, 146.000 bpd

Saudi Arabia
y y y y y y y

Riyadh Refinery (Saudi Aramco), 120,000 bpd Rabigh Refinery (Saudi Aramco), 400,000 bpd Yanbu Refinery (Saudi Aramco), 170,000 bpd Jiddah Refinery (Saudi Aramco), 100,000 bpd Ras Tanura Refinery (Saudi Aramco), 325,000 bpd Yanbu JV Refinery (Saudi Aramco/ExxonMobil), 400,000 bpd Aramco/Shell Jubail Refinery (Saudi Aramco/Shell), 305,000 bpd

Syria
y y

Banias Refinery Homs Refinery

Turkey
y y y Kirikkale Refinery, (Tupras), 100,000 bpd Izmit Refinery, (Tupras), 226,000 bpd Aliaga Refinery, (Tupras), 200,000 bpd

y y Batman Refinery, (Tupras), 22,000 bpd

United Arab Emirates

y y y y y

Al-Ruwais Refinery (Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company), 280,000 bpd Umm Al-Narr Refinery (Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company), 90,000 bpd Jebel Ali Refinery (Emirate Oil), 120,000 bpd Hamriyah Sharjah Refinery (Sharjah Oil), 71,300 bpd Fujairah Refinery (Metro Oil), 70,000 bpd

Yemen
y

Aden Refinery

List of Refineries as per http://abarrelfull.wikidot.com

Africa
Algeria
y y y y y y

Arzew Refinery (Sonatrach), 54,000 bpd El Harrach Refinery (Sonatrach), 59,000 bpd Hassi Messaoud Refinery (Sonatrach), 27,000 bpd Skikda Refinery (Sonatrach), 350,000 bpd Skikda Condensate Splitter, (Sonatrach), 100,000 bpd Soralchin Refinery CNPC Sonatrach

Angola
y

Luanda Refinery (Total), 39,000 bpd

Cameroon
y

Limbe Refinery (SONARA), 42,000 bpd

Congo
y

Pointe Noire Refinery (CORAF), 21,000 bpd

Cte d'Ivoire
y

Abidjan Refinery (SMB), 71,000 bpd

Egypt
y y y y y y y y y

Alexandria MIDOR Refinery (MIDOR), 100,000 bpd Wadi Feiran Refinery, 10,000 bpd Suez Refinery, 86,000 bpd El-Nasr Refinery, 146,000 bpd Amerya Refinery, 78,000 bpd Assiut Refinery, 47,000 bpd Cairo Refinery, 145,000 bpd Tanta Refinery, 35,000 bpd Alexandria Refinery, 100,000 bpd

Gabon
y

Sogara Refinery (Total/Shell/Agip), 21,000 bpd

Ghana
y

Tema Refinery (TORC), 45,000 bpd

Kenya
y

Mombasa Refinery (Kenya Petroleum), 90,000 bpd

Libya

y y y y y

Zawia Refinery (NOC), 120,000 bpd Ras Lanuf Refinery (NOC), 220,000 bpd El-Brega Refinery (NOC), 10,000 bpd Tobruk Refinery (NOC), 20,000 bpd Sarir Refinery (NOC), 10,000 bpd

Morroco
y y

Samir Mohammedia Refinery (SAMIR), 125,000 bpd Samir Sidi Kacem Refinery (SAMIR), 50,000 bpd

Nigeria
y y y

Port Harcourt Refinery (PHRC), 210,000 bpd Kaduna Refinery (KRPC), 110,000 bpd Warri Refinery (WRPG), 125,000 bpd

Senegal
y

Societe Africaine de Raffinage 27,000 bpd

South Africa
y y y y

Caltex Capetown Refinery (Caltex(Chevron)), 110,000 bpd Engen Durban Refinery (Petronas), 125,000 bpd Natref Sasolburg Refinery (Sasol/Total), 87,500 bpd Sapref Durban Refinery (Shell/BP), 172,000 bpd

Sudan
y y y y

Khartoum Refinery (CNPC/Sudan), 100,000 bpd El Gily Refinery (CNPC), 50,000 bpd Port Sudan Refinery (CNPC), 21,700 bpd El Obeid Refinery (CNPC), 10,000 bpd

Tunisia

Bizerte Refinery (STIR), 34,000 bpd

Zambia
y

Indeni Petroleum Refinery