AQUACULTURE & INDIA In the past three decades, aquaculture or production of Fish, Shellfish, Prawns, Shrimps, Crabs and

other crustaceans in small ponds and water bodies, has become the fastest growing global foodproducing sector. It is also a major source of exports and foreign exchange earnings in Developing Countries. India is making rapid strides with its Blue revolution and today, ranks third in the world in aquaculture. Prawns and shrimps rank as the highest foreign exchange earner among our marine product exports, with farmed shrimps accounting for close to half of the total shrimp exports in volumes and fetching over 70 per cent in value. India is a major supplier of shrimp to Japan, Europe, USA and still has tremendous untapped potential in this segment. Improved yields and adherence to stringent environmental regulations like HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point), International Food Quality Standards etc.,imposed by international bodies like the European Union and US FDA play a pivotal role in enhancing business prospects for export of Indian aquaculture products. Especially with the increasing consumer demand for seafood & value-added products, stringent food & safety laws could lead to complete rejection of export supplies and huge losses if the products fail to meet the recommended standards.In order to meet these standards, it is necessary that we have to grow Contamination & Disease free Aquaculture products.

POTENTIAL HAZARDS FOR AQUALCULTURE INDUSTRIES: 1.Pond parameters such as water hardness, acidity/ alkalinity, dissolved oxygen levels play an important role in development of a good culture harvest. 2.Presence of contaminants in the pond water such as Ammonia, Nitrates, and Hydrogen sulphids are among the major causes of diseases and mortality in aquaculture. 3.More over aquaculture products are harvested from waters that are exposed to varying quantities and types of Industrial chemical contaminants, pesticides, and toxic elements. 4.These contaminants may accumulate in the sea cultures at levels that can cause disease and pose as a potential yield loss of the harvest and human health hazard. 5.Marine products produced in culture ponds are also prone to infections by microorganisms, including fungal, bacterial and viral infections. 6.Pesticides used near aquaculture operations may also contaminate fish and care has to be taken that only approved disinfectants/ sanitizers are being used in specified concentrations to protect the harvest from viral, fungal and bacterial diseases.

7.Oxygen is one of the critical factors for the aquatic life especially for shrimps and scampi.

APPLICATION OF SOME THE IMPORTANT CHEMICALS IN THE AQUACULTURE. 1.EDTA disodium salt: The growth and yield of Fish, Prawn and Shrimp depend largely on the favorable water quality characteristics. Periodic water quality monitoring together with appropriate measures to control or prevent quality deterioration should become integral part of shrimp farming program. High Quality EDTA di-sodium salt for removing hardness and softening the hatching pond water. Our product will have very low metallic content and other related impurities. Further this product from our side will be in fine crystalline form make it easy in dissolving in water. Dosage: As instructed by the aquaculture consultant. 2.Sodium Nitrate: Sodium Nitrate, which is normally used for algae formation. Our Sodium nitrate will have very low Chloride & Sulfate content. Dosage: As instructed by the aquaculture consultant. This product is offered in 500g, 5 Kg, 25 Kg & 50 Kg packs

3.Amonium Chloride: Ammonium Chloride which is used for balancing Nitrogen, Phosphorus & Potassium in water, increase water fertility & cultivate nutrients for larvae first feed, boost growth of beneficial algae. Dosages: 7.5kg/ Hectar This Product is available in 1kg,5kg,25kg,50kg packs

4.Formaldehyde: Pollution of the pond environment with undesirable microorganisms is a problem faced by the Aqua farmers. Since water is a continuous medium, exposure of culture to pathogenic microbes will lead to infection. Further, though many of the microbes may not be infective or pathogenic primarily, their presence in large numbers can adversely change the pond ecology. This has definitive adverse effects on the health, survival and performance of the culture, and in turn, the farm profitability.

Formaldehyde which is a bactericide, & fungicide and effectively control many external pathogens thus providing the right atmosphere for the culture to grow healthy. Formaldehyde has the right strength of 37-41%, which will enable the good management of pond. Dosage: As instructed by the aquaculture consultant. This product is available in 500ml, 2.5lit, 5 lit , 30lit & 200lit packs. 5.Benzalkonium Chloride 50% Benzalkonium Chloride 50% is used as a general prophylactic disinfectant. It is a surface active cation having a sanitizing action in slightly allkaline medium. It is a broad spectrum bactericide, fungicide and algicide, particularly useful in treating external bacterial infections such as grill rot diseases and tail rot diseases. Also it stimulates moulting in prawns and shrimps and helps in growth and improved yields. BKC 50% deodorize and purifies the pond water by killing all types of pathogenic mircrobes. Dosage: 1-1.5. ltrs per acre or as instructed by the aquaculture consultant. This product is available in 500ml,1ltr,5ltr and 25ltr 6.Bromine Liquid: Bromine liquid is a sanitizer prepared to take care of pond sanitation without harming the culture species in it. Bromine liquid is having antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties. It stimulates a voluntary moulting in animals and facilitates enhanced feed intake and growth. Bromine liquid avvoids the formation of sludge in the bottom and algal bed in water. Bromine Liquid cleans the body and grills of shrimp, clears antenna rot, grill rot and tail rot. Dosage: As instructed by the aquaculture consultant. This product is available in 100ml, 250ml and 500ml pack

7.Potassium Permanganate: Oxygen is one of the critical factors for the aquatic life, especially for shrimps and scampi. Though some amount of Dissolved oxygen ( DO) is always there in the ponds, under semi-intensive shrimp farming the rate of depletion of DO is quite high. In other farming conditions too, poor quality of water may lead to depleted DO levels. While an acute drop DO levels is immediately noticed due to the severe restlessness of prawns and high mortality, farmers may not be able to monitor the marginal drops which are not easily noticeable. But such drops make the culture weak, susceptible to diseases and reduce their growth rate. On the other hand , such conditions favor the growth of harmful bacteria and promote the

anaerobic decomposition of feed and other organic matter including culture excreta and wastes leading to production of toxic materials such as Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrites etc., beside sludge formation. This further affects the health, productivity and survivability of the culture. While the culture may look healthy, it will be susceptible to every minor challenge by pathogens or environmental, variations and overall mortality will be higher and the yield will be significantly lesser.

Potassium Permanganate which brings the assurance of a new life to your farm and ponds. Potassium permanganate generates and releases the lifesaving oxygen and helps maintain the Dissolved oxygen levels of the pond. reduce the sludge formation and reduce the chances of bacterial & viral diseases. Potassium permanganate is very useful as a general application and is a boon to aqua farmers during oxygen stress period like rainy days, cloudy weather, high bacterial count in water etc. Also used to lower the organic load in pond and helps in inducing moulting in prawns. Dosage:3-5kgs per Hectare of pond This product is available in 500g, 5 Kg, 25 Kg & 50 Kg pack.

8.Malachite Green: Malachite Green crystals used for fungal disinfections. Dosage: As instructed by the aquaculture consultant. This product is available in 100g, 500g & 1 Kg pack 9.Copper Sulphate: Copper sulfate with very low iron content to reduce algae formations in the ponds. This product is available in 500g, 5 Kg, 25 Kg & 50 Kg pack. 10.Hydrogen peroxide ( 30%): Hydrogen peroxide will be very useful in increasing the Dissolved Oxygen levels , especially during summer when oxygen levels decrease in the ponds. This is mainly used for prawn culture as the prawns crawl at the lower surface of pond unlike fishes that move on the top layer of water and consume oxygen from air. This product is available in 500ml, 5 lit & 25 lit packs.